What are sebaceous cysts and how do they form. What are the common causes of sebaceous cysts on the back of the neck. How are sebaceous cysts diagnosed and treated. What are the potential complications of untreated sebaceous cysts.

Understanding Sebaceous Cysts: What They Are and How They Form

Sebaceous cysts are noncancerous, slow-growing lumps that develop beneath the skin. These cysts form when a sebaceous gland or its duct becomes damaged or blocked, leading to the accumulation of sebum – the oily substance that normally lubricates hair and skin. While sebaceous cysts can appear anywhere on the body, they are commonly found on the face, neck, back, and scalp.

How exactly do sebaceous cysts form? The process typically begins with some form of trauma to the skin, such as:

• A scratch or cut
• A surgical incision
• Severe acne
• Excessive sun exposure

This trauma can damage the sebaceous gland or block its duct, trapping sebum inside. Over time, the trapped sebum accumulates, forming a cyst filled with a white, cheese-like substance composed mainly of keratin – a protein found in skin and nails.

Common Causes of Sebaceous Cysts on the Back of the Neck

The back of the neck is a common location for sebaceous cysts due to several factors:

• High concentration of sebaceous glands in this area
• Frequent friction from clothing and accessories
• Exposure to UV radiation
• Hormonal fluctuations affecting sebum production

Specific causes that may lead to sebaceous cysts on the back of the neck include:

1. Trauma from tight collars or necklaces
2. Sunburn or excessive sun exposure
3. Acne breakouts extending to the neck area
4. Ingrown hairs from shaving or waxing
5. Genetic predisposition to cyst formation

Identifying Sebaceous Cysts: Signs and Symptoms

Recognizing a sebaceous cyst is crucial for proper treatment. Common signs and symptoms include:

• A round, dome-shaped lump under the skin
• Slow growth over time
• Skin-colored, yellow, or white appearance
• Soft or slightly firm to the touch
• Movable when pressed
• Possible presence of a small blackhead at the center

In some cases, sebaceous cysts may become infected, leading to additional symptoms such as redness, tenderness, warmth, and pus drainage. If you notice these signs, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly.

Diagnosing Sebaceous Cysts: Medical Evaluation and Testing

How are sebaceous cysts diagnosed? In most cases, a healthcare provider can diagnose a sebaceous cyst through a physical examination and review of your medical history. The doctor will typically:

1. Inspect the cyst visually
2. Palpate the area to assess size, consistency, and mobility
3. Ask about the cyst’s growth rate and any associated symptoms
4. Review your medical history for relevant factors

In some instances, particularly if the cyst appears atypical or there’s concern about potential malignancy, additional diagnostic tests may be ordered. These can include:

• Ultrasound imaging to visualize the cyst’s internal structure
• CT scan or MRI for more detailed imaging
• Fine-needle aspiration to collect a sample of the cyst contents for analysis
• Biopsy to examine the cyst tissue under a microscope

Treatment Options for Sebaceous Cysts: From Watchful Waiting to Surgical Removal

The treatment approach for sebaceous cysts depends on several factors, including the cyst’s size, location, and whether it’s causing discomfort or cosmetic concerns. Treatment options include:

1. Watchful Waiting

For small, asymptomatic cysts, your doctor may recommend simply monitoring the cyst over time. This approach is suitable if the cyst isn’t bothersome and shows no signs of infection or rapid growth.

2. Incision and Drainage

This procedure involves making a small cut in the cyst and draining its contents. While this can provide temporary relief, the cyst is likely to recur as the sac wall remains intact.

3. Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection

Injecting a corticosteroid directly into the cyst can help reduce inflammation and shrink the cyst. This method is particularly useful for inflamed or painful cysts.

4. Surgical Excision

Complete surgical removal of the cyst, including its sac wall, is the most effective treatment to prevent recurrence. This can be done through various techniques:

• Conventional wide excision: Removes the entire cyst but may leave a longer scar
• Minimal excision: Uses a smaller incision to minimize scarring but carries a higher risk of recurrence
• Laser-assisted excision: Combines laser technology with punch biopsy for improved cosmetic outcomes

Preventing Sebaceous Cysts: Proactive Measures for Skin Health

While it’s not always possible to prevent sebaceous cysts, certain measures can help reduce your risk:

1. Practice good hygiene to keep skin clean and unclogged
2. Avoid picking at or squeezing existing pimples or cysts
3. Protect your skin from excessive sun exposure
4. Use non-comedogenic skincare products to prevent pore blockage
5. Manage underlying skin conditions like acne effectively
6. Avoid tight-fitting clothing or accessories that cause friction on the neck area

Potential Complications of Untreated Sebaceous Cysts

While sebaceous cysts are generally benign, leaving them untreated can lead to potential complications:

• Infection: Cysts can become infected, causing pain, redness, and swelling
• Rupture: A ruptured cyst can lead to inflammation and increased risk of infection
• Cosmetic concerns: Large or multiple cysts may cause distress due to their appearance
• Discomfort: Cysts in certain locations can cause physical discomfort or interfere with movement
• Rare malignant transformation: In extremely rare cases, longstanding cysts may develop into skin cancer

If you notice rapid growth, changes in appearance, or signs of infection in a sebaceous cyst, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider promptly.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Sebaceous Cysts

While many sebaceous cysts can be safely monitored at home, certain situations warrant medical evaluation:

• Rapid growth or sudden increase in size
• Pain, tenderness, or redness around the cyst
• Discharge or foul odor from the cyst
• Interference with daily activities or movement
• Cosmetic concerns causing significant distress
• Any cyst larger than 5 centimeters in diameter
• Cysts in sensitive areas like the face or genitals

A healthcare provider can assess the cyst and recommend appropriate treatment options based on your individual situation.

Living with Sebaceous Cysts: Management and Quality of Life

For individuals living with sebaceous cysts, particularly those on the back of the neck, several strategies can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:

1. Gentle Cleansing

Keep the area clean using mild, non-irritating cleansers to prevent infection and reduce inflammation.

2. Warm Compresses

Applying warm compresses to the cyst for 10-15 minutes several times a day can help reduce discomfort and promote drainage if the cyst is inflamed.

3. Avoid Manipulation

Resist the urge to squeeze, pick, or attempt to drain the cyst at home, as this can lead to infection and scarring.

4. Clothing Considerations

Choose loose-fitting, breathable clothing that doesn’t irritate the cyst or cause excessive friction on the neck area.

5. Sun Protection

Use broad-spectrum sunscreen and protective clothing to shield the cyst from harmful UV radiation, which can exacerbate inflammation.

6. Stress Management

Practice stress-reduction techniques, as stress can sometimes trigger hormonal changes that affect sebum production and cyst formation.

7. Regular Monitoring

Keep track of any changes in the cyst’s size, appearance, or associated symptoms, and report these to your healthcare provider.

By implementing these strategies and working closely with a healthcare professional, individuals with sebaceous cysts can effectively manage their condition and maintain a good quality of life.

Innovations in Sebaceous Cyst Treatment: Emerging Therapies and Research

The field of dermatology continues to evolve, bringing new hope for improved treatments for sebaceous cysts. Some promising areas of research and innovation include:

1. Advanced Imaging Techniques

High-resolution ultrasound and other imaging modalities are being developed to provide more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for sebaceous cysts.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

New techniques such as laser-assisted cyst removal and endoscopic excision aim to minimize scarring and improve cosmetic outcomes.

3. Topical Treatments

Researchers are exploring the potential of topical medications that could help shrink or dissolve sebaceous cysts without the need for invasive procedures.

4. Immunotherapy

Studies are investigating the use of immunomodulators to target the underlying causes of cyst formation and prevent recurrence.

5. Genetic Research

Advances in genetic studies may lead to a better understanding of hereditary factors contributing to sebaceous cyst formation, potentially opening doors for targeted preventive strategies.

While these innovations are still in various stages of research and development, they offer hope for more effective and less invasive treatments for sebaceous cysts in the future.

Sebaceous Cysts vs. Other Skin Growths: Differential Diagnosis

Sebaceous cysts can sometimes be confused with other types of skin growths. Understanding the differences is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Here’s a comparison of sebaceous cysts with other common skin lesions:

1. Epidermoid Cysts

Often mistaken for sebaceous cysts, epidermoid cysts are more common and form from epidermal cells rather than sebaceous glands. They typically have a small, visible pore on the surface.

2. Lipomas

These are benign fatty tumors that feel soft and doughy. Unlike sebaceous cysts, lipomas are usually painless and located in the deeper layers of skin.

3. Pilar Cysts

These cysts form from hair follicles and are most common on the scalp. They tend to be firmer than sebaceous cysts and may run in families.

4. Abscesses

Bacterial skin infections that can resemble inflamed sebaceous cysts. Abscesses are typically more painful, red, and warm to the touch.

5. Dermatofibromas

These are small, firm growths that often appear on the legs. Unlike sebaceous cysts, dermatofibromas are usually brown or red and don’t contain fluid.

Given the similarities between these conditions, it’s important to consult a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis. They can perform a thorough examination and, if necessary, conduct additional tests to determine the exact nature of the growth.

The Psychological Impact of Sebaceous Cysts: Addressing Emotional Well-being

While sebaceous cysts are typically benign, their presence can have significant psychological effects on individuals, particularly when located in visible areas like the back of the neck. Understanding and addressing these emotional aspects is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Common Psychological Challenges

Individuals with sebaceous cysts may experience:

• Self-consciousness about their appearance
• Anxiety in social situations
• Reduced self-esteem
• Depression or mood changes
• Frustration with recurring cysts or failed treatments

Coping Strategies

To address these challenges, consider the following approaches:

1. Seek support from friends, family, or support groups
2. Practice self-acceptance and positive self-talk
3. Explore counseling or therapy options if emotional distress is significant
4. Focus on overall health and well-being to boost confidence
5. Educate yourself about the condition to feel more in control

Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential psychological impact of sebaceous cysts and be prepared to offer resources or referrals for mental health support when necessary. By addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of sebaceous cysts, patients can achieve better overall outcomes and improved quality of life.

Sebaceous Cyst: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Sebaceous Cyst: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Medically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN, WHNP-BC, FAANP — By Lydia Krause — Updated on February 7, 2023

A sebaceous cyst is typically benign. But you may choose to have a doctor remove it for cosmetic reasons.

Sebaceous cysts are common, noncancerous cysts of the skin. Cysts are atypical growths in your body that may contain liquid or semiliquid material.

Sebaceous cysts are mostly found on your face, neck, or torso. They grow slowly and aren’t life threatening, but they may become uncomfortable if they go unchecked.

Doctors usually diagnose a cyst with only a physical examination and your medical history.

In some cases, a cyst will be examined more thoroughly for signs of cancer.

Share on PinterestSebaceous Cyst at the upper back. Casa nayafana/Shutterstock

Sebaceous cysts form out of your sebaceous gland. The sebaceous gland produces the oil (called sebum) that coats your hair and skin.

Cysts can develop if the gland or its duct (the passage from which the oil is able to leave) becomes damaged or blocked. This usually occurs due to trauma to the area.

The trauma may be a scratch, a surgical wound, or a skin condition, such as acne. Sebaceous cysts grow slowly, so the trauma may have occurred weeks or months before you notice the cyst.

Other causes of a sebaceous cyst may include:

• misshapen or deformed ducts
• damage to the cells during surgery
• genetic conditions, such as Gardner’s syndrome or basal cell nevus syndrome

Small cysts are typically not painful. Large cysts can range from uncomfortable to considerably painful. Large cysts on the face and neck may cause pressure and pain.

This type of cyst is typically filled with white flakes of keratin, which is also a key element that makes up your skin and nails. Most cysts are soft to the touch.

Areas on the body where cysts are usually found include:

• scalp
• face
• neck
• back

A sebaceous cyst is considered atypical — and possibly cancerous — if it has the following characteristics:

• a diameter that’s larger than 5 centimeters
• a fast rate of reoccurrence after being removed
• signs of infection, such as redness, pain, or pus drainage

Your doctor can treat a cyst by draining it or by surgically removing it. Usually, cysts are removed. This doesn’t mean they’re dangerous — it may be for cosmetic reasons.

Since most cysts aren’t harmful to your health, your doctor will allow you to choose the treatment option that works for you.

It’s important to remember that without surgical removal, your cyst will usually come back. The best treatment to ensure complete removal is surgery. However, some people may decide against surgery because it can cause scarring.

Your doctor may use one of the following methods to remove your cyst:

• Conventional wide excision. This completely removes a cyst but can leave a long scar.
• Minimal excision. A method that causes minimal scarring but carries a risk that the cyst will return.
• Laser with punch biopsy excision. This uses a laser to make a small hole to drain the cyst of its contents (the outer walls of the cyst are removed about a month later).

After your cyst is removed, your doctor may give you an antibiotic ointment to prevent infection. You should use this until the healing process is complete. You may also be given a scar cream to reduce the appearance of any surgical scars.

Doctors often diagnose a sebaceous cyst after a simple physical examination. If your cyst is atypical, your doctor may order additional tests to rule out possible cancers. You may also need these tests if you wish to have the cyst surgically removed.

Common tests used for a sebaceous cyst include:

• CT scans, which help your doctor spot atypical characteristics and find the best route for surgery
• ultrasounds, which identify the contents of the cyst
• punch biopsy, which involves removal of a small amount of tissue from the cyst to be examined in a laboratory for signs of cancer

Sebaceous cysts are generally not cancerous. Cysts left untreated can become very large and may eventually require surgical removal if they become uncomfortable.

If you have a complete surgical removal, the cyst will most likely not return in the future.

In rare cases, the removal site may become infected. Contact your doctor if your skin shows any signs of infection, such as redness and pain, or if you develop a fever. Most infections will go away with antibiotics, but some can be deadly if untreated.

Last medically reviewed on December 6, 2021

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Hoover E, et al. (2020). Physiology, sebaceous glands.
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499819/
• Zito PM, et al. (2021). Epidermoid cyst.
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499974/

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Feb 7, 2023

Written By

Lydia Krause

Edited By

Shannon Ullman

Copy Edited By

Helena Hoayun

Dec 6, 2021

Medically Reviewed By

Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN, WHNP-BC, FAANP — By Lydia Krause — Updated on February 7, 2023

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Sebaceous Cyst: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Sebaceous Cyst: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Medically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN, WHNP-BC, FAANP — By Lydia Krause — Updated on February 7, 2023

A sebaceous cyst is typically benign. But you may choose to have a doctor remove it for cosmetic reasons.

Sebaceous cysts are common, noncancerous cysts of the skin. Cysts are atypical growths in your body that may contain liquid or semiliquid material.

Sebaceous cysts are mostly found on your face, neck, or torso. They grow slowly and aren’t life threatening, but they may become uncomfortable if they go unchecked.

Doctors usually diagnose a cyst with only a physical examination and your medical history.

In some cases, a cyst will be examined more thoroughly for signs of cancer.

Share on PinterestSebaceous Cyst at the upper back. Casa nayafana/Shutterstock

Sebaceous cysts form out of your sebaceous gland. The sebaceous gland produces the oil (called sebum) that coats your hair and skin.

Cysts can develop if the gland or its duct (the passage from which the oil is able to leave) becomes damaged or blocked. This usually occurs due to trauma to the area.

The trauma may be a scratch, a surgical wound, or a skin condition, such as acne. Sebaceous cysts grow slowly, so the trauma may have occurred weeks or months before you notice the cyst.

Other causes of a sebaceous cyst may include:

• misshapen or deformed ducts
• damage to the cells during surgery
• genetic conditions, such as Gardner’s syndrome or basal cell nevus syndrome

Small cysts are typically not painful. Large cysts can range from uncomfortable to considerably painful. Large cysts on the face and neck may cause pressure and pain.

This type of cyst is typically filled with white flakes of keratin, which is also a key element that makes up your skin and nails. Most cysts are soft to the touch.

Areas on the body where cysts are usually found include:

• scalp
• face
• neck
• back

A sebaceous cyst is considered atypical — and possibly cancerous — if it has the following characteristics:

• a diameter that’s larger than 5 centimeters
• a fast rate of reoccurrence after being removed
• signs of infection, such as redness, pain, or pus drainage

Your doctor can treat a cyst by draining it or by surgically removing it. Usually, cysts are removed. This doesn’t mean they’re dangerous — it may be for cosmetic reasons.

Since most cysts aren’t harmful to your health, your doctor will allow you to choose the treatment option that works for you.

It’s important to remember that without surgical removal, your cyst will usually come back. The best treatment to ensure complete removal is surgery. However, some people may decide against surgery because it can cause scarring.

Your doctor may use one of the following methods to remove your cyst:

• Conventional wide excision. This completely removes a cyst but can leave a long scar.
• Minimal excision. A method that causes minimal scarring but carries a risk that the cyst will return.
• Laser with punch biopsy excision. This uses a laser to make a small hole to drain the cyst of its contents (the outer walls of the cyst are removed about a month later).

After your cyst is removed, your doctor may give you an antibiotic ointment to prevent infection. You should use this until the healing process is complete. You may also be given a scar cream to reduce the appearance of any surgical scars.

Doctors often diagnose a sebaceous cyst after a simple physical examination. If your cyst is atypical, your doctor may order additional tests to rule out possible cancers. You may also need these tests if you wish to have the cyst surgically removed.

Common tests used for a sebaceous cyst include:

• CT scans, which help your doctor spot atypical characteristics and find the best route for surgery
• ultrasounds, which identify the contents of the cyst
• punch biopsy, which involves removal of a small amount of tissue from the cyst to be examined in a laboratory for signs of cancer

Sebaceous cysts are generally not cancerous. Cysts left untreated can become very large and may eventually require surgical removal if they become uncomfortable.

If you have a complete surgical removal, the cyst will most likely not return in the future.

In rare cases, the removal site may become infected. Contact your doctor if your skin shows any signs of infection, such as redness and pain, or if you develop a fever. Most infections will go away with antibiotics, but some can be deadly if untreated.

Last medically reviewed on December 6, 2021

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Hoover E, et al. (2020). Physiology, sebaceous glands.
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499819/
• Zito PM, et al. (2021). Epidermoid cyst.
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499974/

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Feb 7, 2023

Written By

Lydia Krause

Edited By

Shannon Ullman

Copy Edited By

Helena Hoayun

Dec 6, 2021

Medically Reviewed By

Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN, WHNP-BC, FAANP — By Lydia Krause — Updated on February 7, 2023

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  Epidermoid cysts, also called sebaceous, keratin, or epithelial cysts, are small, hard lumps that develop under the skin.

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  Medically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN, WHNP-BC, FAANP

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  READ MORE

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treatment, symptoms and causes of the disease, diagnostics in the “SM-Clinic”

The surgeon deals with the treatment of this disease

• What is atheroma?
• Atheroma symptoms
• Causes of atheroma
• Atheroma diagnostics
• Atheroma treatment
• Doctors

Atheroma can develop on the excretory duct of any sebaceous gland. The sebaceous glands are everywhere except the soles and palms. There are especially many glands on the face, scalp, back between the shoulder blades, chest, and groin. In some areas of the skin, the number of sebaceous glands reaches 900. Therefore, atheroma can have a variety of localization.

Atheroma – a small cavity, not soldered to the skin, easily moves under the skin. Contains a mushy mass, palpable as an elastic, painless ball. This is the result of blockage of the sebaceous gland. Although the excretory duct is blocked, sebum continues to be produced, gradually expanding the duct.

Atheroma increases in size slowly over several years. Patients apply only because of a cosmetic defect, since there are no painful manifestations. Sizes can reach 10 cm or more.

Symptoms of atheroma

A cyst is defined as a soft, round formation that protrudes slightly under the skin. If the contents of the cyst are liquid, then fluctuation (oscillatory movement) is felt. The skin over the atheroma is stretched so much that it cannot be folded. At the top point, a blocked duct can be seen in the form of a black dot. Atheroma is easy to displace relative to neighboring tissues. Education does not give any unpleasant sensations.

If the atheroma is located in a place of close contact with clothing, then scuffs and signs of inflammation may be present.

When located on the scalp, the hair over the atheroma thins and almost always falls out. Due to constant trauma, necrosis (necrosis) often occurs, ulcers form, and slight bleeding occurs. In some patients, the skin over the atheromas on the head becomes dense, cyanotic and painful to the touch.

Causes of atheroma

Blockage of the sebaceous gland occurs for the following reasons:

• genetic – structural features of the sebaceous glands are such that in some glands there is no excretory duct. In this case, the accumulation of sebum begins even in utero, and the born child is covered with atheromas;
• acne, when the mouth of the excretory duct becomes keratinized, and the secretion of the gland becomes more viscous;
• oily seborrhea, when a large amount of sebum forms on the scalp;
• mechanical damage to the gland – boils, cuts, abrasions, scars, permanent hair removal;
• exposure to ionizing radiation;
• ultraviolet irradiation;
• burns and frostbite;
• various hormonal factors resulting from stress.

Usually several pathological mechanisms work simultaneously in one person.

Thus, a blockage can occur for any reason. The resulting secret stretches the duct, and a cavity is obtained. Vessels and nerves are not affected, and the person does not feel anything. However, over time, a dense capsule of connective tissue forms around the swollen cavity. Attempts to puncture and empty the cyst do nothing, as the contents are recruited again and again.

Complicated atheroma is rare, and complications include suppuration. This happens with mechanical pressure or irritation, as well as after independent attempts to empty the cyst. A connective tissue capsule separates the cavity with its contents from the rest of the tissues, and when you try to squeeze it out, it can collapse, and suppuration passes to neighboring areas.

Get advice

If you experience these symptoms, we recommend that you make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.

You can find out more about the disease, prices for treatment and sign up for a consultation with a specialist by phone:

+7 (495) 292-39-72

Request a call back
Book online

Why SM-Clinic?

1

Treatment is carried out in accordance with clinical guidelines

2

Comprehensive assessment of the nature of the disease and treatment prognosis

3

Modern diagnostic equipment and own laboratory

4

High level of service and balanced pricing policy

Diagnosis of atheroma

Diagnosis is carried out by a dermatologist or surgical oncologist. During the examination, the doctor detects characteristic changes, paying attention to the location, mobility and size. The speed at which the cyst formed matters.

In a difficult case, an ultrasound of the soft tissues is performed at the site of the cyst. On ultrasound, a capsule is visible, inside it is a thin cyst and contents. During ultrasound, atheroma is delimited from other similar formations – hygromas (sweat gland cyst), fibromas (connective tissue), lipomas (benign tumor of adipose tissue).

If there is still doubt about the nature of the cyst, a histological analysis (study of the cellular composition) is performed during surgical removal.

Treatment of atheroma

The treatment is complex, since it is necessary not only to remove the cyst with the capsule, but also to choose skin care products to prevent the formation of new cysts.

If the cyst is inflamed, then before surgical treatment, all measures are taken to stop the inflammation. Antibacterial and disinfectants, agents to reduce the formation of sebum are prescribed.

Operative treatment is possible in two variants:

• classical cystectomy — exfoliation of the capsule with a scalpel with a cosmetic suture;
• radio wave removal – high frequency waves evaporate the liquid from the capsule, as a result, the formation is eliminated. This method is preferable because it is not accompanied by bleeding and scarring, but cannot be used in patients with a pacemaker and the presence of metal structures in the body.
• With festering atheroma, pus is first evacuated and the inflammation subsides, and only then the capsule is husked.

The best prevention of atheroma is to see a dermatologist for any skin changes. After the examination, the doctor selects skin care medications that normalize the production of sebum. The entire range of medical services for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of atheroma is available at the SM-Clinic.

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gallbladder cancer
bowel cancer
adrenal cancer
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colon cancer
thyroid cancer
Fistula of the gallbladder
Seroma
Thyroiditis
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vein thrombosis
Thrombophlebitis
Furuncle (boil)
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cholestasis
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Esophageal ulcer
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

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st. Clara Zetkin, 33 bldg. 28

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The surgeon is treating this disease

• About the disease
• Species
• Neck cyst symptoms
• Causes of neck cysts
• Neck cyst diagnosis
• Neck cyst treatment
• Prophylaxis
• Rehabilitation
• Questions and answers
• Doctors

About disease

Recently, congenital malformations of the neck and face have become more common, which may be due to poor environmental conditions (primarily worsening background radiation). Lateral soft tissue cysts are usually diagnosed immediately after birth (often combined with the presence of a fistulous tract), median cysts are diagnosed several years later.

Cervical cysts are not only an aesthetic defect. The inconvenience is also associated with the presence of pathological discharge from the fistula, painful sensations when swallowing. In some cases, neck cysts are accompanied by the development of inflammation. In 1-2% of patients there is also a risk of malignant degeneration.

Treatment involves surgery. Puncture and introduction of sclerosants into the cyst cavity is not very effective.

Species

According to the classification, the following types of neck cysts are distinguished:

• median (central) – located along the central vertical of the neck;
• lateral (lateral) – localized on the right or left.

Congenital cysts of the neck are often accompanied by fistulas. If the fistulous canal has 2 openings (one opens on the skin of the anterior surface of the neck, and the other on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity), then it is complete. A fistula is considered incomplete when there is only 1 fistula.

Neck cyst symptoms

Lateral neck cysts are more common than median cysts. Often they are asymptomatic for a long time. The tumor-like formation usually becomes well visualized when the head is turned to the side contralateral to the cyst. Cystic formation is usually elastic to the touch, not soldered to the surrounding tissues. Subjective symptoms of neck cysts with lateral localization usually appear when the contents are suppurated or when the formation is large, when there is compression of the large vessels and nerves of the neck.

Central cysts are usually located in the space between the superior surface of the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone. The position of the cyst can vary, being somewhat away from the midline, above the hyoid bone, below the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage.

Median cysts of the neck are usually round, elastic to the touch and little mobile. They move a little when swallowing. In the absence of complications, the skin over the cyst is not changed, while the skin can be taken in a fold. When feeling the formation of pain is absent. As a rule, the size of the central cysts is usually 20-40 mm. With suppuration of the median cyst, the likelihood of the formation of a fistulous tunnel increases. Fistulas are formed when pus finds a way out (the fistulous opening is located on the front surface of the neck. The fistulous discharge can periodically irritate the skin and lead to its maceration.

Causes of a cyst in the neck

Causes of a cyst in the neck are associated with a deviation from the normal course of the embryonic period.

• Lateral cysts. It is believed that their formation is due to the non-closure of the gill furrows. As a rule, this pathological process is associated with the action of unfavorable factors on the embryo at the 4-6th week of development.
• Median cysts. It is believed that they develop as a result of a delay in the reverse development (reduction) of the prenatal existing thyroid duct (it extends from the blind opening of the tongue to the thyroid gland). If this duct does not undergo reverse development, then it can transform into derivatives such as the pyramidal process of the thyroid gland, accessory thyroid glands, cysts and fistulas. The impact of unfavorable factors on the embryo at the 6-7th week of development creates prerequisites for the formation of median cysts.

Get advice

If you experience these symptoms, we recommend that you make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.

To learn more about the disease, prices for treatment and sign up for a consultation with a specialist, you can call:

+7 (495) 292-39-72

Request a call back
Book online

Why SM-Clinic?

1

Treatment is carried out in accordance with clinical guidelines

2

Comprehensive assessment of the nature of the disease and treatment prognosis

3

Modern diagnostic equipment and own laboratory

4

High level of service and balanced pricing policy

Neck cyst diagnosis

In order to diagnose and differential diagnosis of cysts and fistulas of the neck, paraclinical studies are carried out to exclude the specific nature of the pathological formations of the anterior surface of the neck.

• Contrast radiography – allows you to determine the size of the cyst, the nature of its structure, the presence of lateral branches, connection with the hyoid bone.
• Ultrasound scanning – ultrasound shows the size of the formation, its structure and connection with nearby organs.
• Computed (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – performed in complex clinical cases and allows you to assess in detail what the cyst looks like and what signs are characteristic of it.
• Puncture and cytological examination of the contents.

The final diagnosis of neck cysts is based on imaging data. And sometimes a morphological assessment of the cellular composition is also required.

Expert opinion

Although central cysts and fistulas of the neck are prenatal anomalies, they are rarely detected immediately after birth. As a rule, they are diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, sometimes even in adulthood. This feature is due to the fact that the central cysts increase in size very slowly, usually within 8-10 years. As practice shows, most often the time interval from the onset of the first symptoms to the visit to the doctor is from 6 months to 3 years.

Shikhaleva Natalya Gennadievna

Traumatologist-orthopedist, plastic surgeon, doctor of the highest category, MD

Treatment of neck cysts

Treatment of neck cysts is performed surgically.

Conservative treatment

The introduction of sclerosing agents into the cyst cavity is not very effective, so this method is practically not used at present.

Surgical treatment

Recently, in operations to remove median cysts and fistulas of the neck, doctors have begun to use microsurgical technology. The method allows you to consider in more detail all possible branches of the fistulous tract or strand and radically excise them, isolate the fistula or cyst from soldered and scar tissue.

Prevention

Pregravid preparation and creation of optimal conditions for prolonging pregnancy (reducing the risk of infectious diseases in a pregnant woman, protection from radiation, providing the body of a pregnant woman with vitamins and minerals, avoiding the unreasonable use of drugs) can reduce the likelihood of formation of neck cysts.

Rehabilitation

After surgery, the patient is recommended to come for dressings and antiseptic treatment of the surgical wound. This helps to create optimal conditions for tissue repair and wound healing.

Questions and Answers

Diagnosis and treatment of this condition is done by a general surgeon, orthopedic traumatologist, and in some cases the assistance of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is also required.

The contents of the cysts are viscous, opaque with a yellowish tint. The inflammatory process to which cysts are subject leads to the formation of persistent fistulas. Very often, the inflammatory process in cysts is provoked by viral colds and foci of chronic infection of the pharynx (chronic tonsillitis, chronic pharyngitis, hypertrophy of the lingual tonsil). Neck cysts can also suppurate and undergo malignant transformation.

Bogdanov K.P. About median cysts and fistulas of the neck. Anatomical and topographic characteristics: author. dis. … cand. honey. Sciences. – M., 1963. – 14 p.

Kiselev A.S., Pazhetnev A.N. Branchiogenic brushes and fistulas of the neck and face // Ros. otorhinolaryngitis – 2007. – No. 5. – P. 91–94.

Shulga I. A., Zheleznov A. M., Shulga A. I. Median cysts and fistulas of the neck, their surgical treatment. – Orenburg, 2007. – 116 p.

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Diseases in the referral of a surgeon

Soft tissue abscess
liver abscess
Appendicitis
Ascites
Atheroma
femoral hernia
Crohn’s disease
Gangrene
soft tissue hematoma
Giant cell tumor of bone
Hygroma
festering wounds
Hernia
Hernia of the white line of the abdomen
hiatal hernia
Diastasis rectus abdominis
Intestinal diverticulosis
Cholelithiasis
Keratoma
liver cyst
pancreatic cyst
salivary gland cyst
stab wound
stab wound
Lipoma
Mechanical jaundice
Bowel obstruction
burns
Oleogranuloma
kidney tumor
Acute pancreatitis
Felon
Pancreatic necrosis
Inguinal hernia
Peritonitis
Barrett’s esophagus
Postoperative hernia
Umbilical hernia
Cancer of the extrahepatic bile ducts
Stomach cancer
gallbladder cancer
bowel cancer
adrenal cancer
Parathyroid Cancer
Liver cancer
Esophageal carcinoma
colon cancer
thyroid cancer
Fistula of the gallbladder
Seroma
Thyroiditis
Intestinal injury
vein thrombosis
Thrombophlebitis
Furuncle (boil)
Furunculosis
cholestasis
Cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis
Esophageal ulcer
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

All doctors

VDNKh metro station

Belorusskaya metro station

Lesnaya, d.