Side effects of b12 tablets. Vitamin B-12 Supplements: Essential Benefits and Potential Side Effects

14.08.202307.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the main benefits of vitamin B-12 supplements. How can excessive intake lead to potential side effects. What is the recommended daily allowance for different age groups. How to recognize and manage adverse reactions to B-12 supplementation.

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The Crucial Role of Vitamin B-12 in Human Health

Vitamin B-12, also known as cobalamin, is a vital nutrient that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. This water-soluble vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and maintaining a healthy nervous system. While most people obtain sufficient B-12 through their diet, some individuals may require supplementation to meet their daily needs.

Why is vitamin B-12 so important? Here are some key reasons:

It supports the formation of red blood cells, preventing anemia
It aids in DNA synthesis and cell division
It contributes to proper nervous system function
It helps in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids
It plays a role in energy production

Despite its importance, many people may be unaware of their B-12 status or the potential side effects of excessive supplementation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of vitamin B-12 supplementation, including its benefits, potential side effects, and recommended dosages.

Understanding Vitamin B-12 Absorption and Storage

How does the body process vitamin B-12? The absorption and storage of this essential nutrient involve several steps:

Ingestion: B-12 is consumed through food or supplements
Stomach acid release: This helps separate B-12 from proteins in food
Binding to intrinsic factor: A protein produced by the stomach that helps B-12 absorption
Absorption in the small intestine: B-12 is absorbed into the bloodstream
Storage in the liver: Excess B-12 is stored for future use

The liver can store vitamin B-12 for several years, which is why deficiencies may take a long time to develop. However, certain conditions or medications can interfere with this process, leading to potential deficiencies or excessive accumulation in the body.

Potential Side Effects of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

While vitamin B-12 is generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses, excessive intake can lead to various side effects. These adverse reactions can range from mild discomfort to more severe complications.

What are the common side effects of vitamin B-12 supplementation?

Headaches
Nausea and vomiting
Dizziness
Mild diarrhea
Itching or rash
Swelling sensation

In rare cases, more serious side effects may occur, particularly with injectable forms of B-12:

Pulmonary edema
Congestive heart failure early in treatment
Vein thrombosis
Polycythemia vera (a rare, slow-growing blood cancer)

It’s important to note that severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to vitamin B-12 are extremely rare but can be life-threatening. Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, as well as difficulty swallowing and breathing. If you experience these symptoms after taking B-12, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B-12

To avoid potential side effects and ensure optimal health benefits, it’s crucial to adhere to the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B-12. These guidelines, established by the National Institutes of Health, vary depending on age and life stage.

What are the RDAs for vitamin B-12?

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for individuals 14 years and older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

For adults over 50 years of age, it’s recommended to obtain B-12 from fortified foods or supplements, as absorption from natural sources may decrease with age. In these cases, a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12 may be appropriate.

Interactions Between Vitamin B-12 and Other Substances

Certain medications and supplements can interfere with the absorption or effectiveness of vitamin B-12. Understanding these interactions is crucial for maintaining optimal B-12 levels and preventing potential deficiencies or side effects.

Which substances can affect vitamin B-12 absorption or serum levels?

Colchicine
Metformin
Proton pump inhibitors
Vitamin C
Chloramphenicol
H2 blockers
Aminosalicylic acid
Folic acid supplements

If you’re taking any of these medications or supplements, it’s essential to consult with your healthcare provider about potential B-12 supplementation. They may recommend taking B-12 at a different time of day to ensure proper absorption and effectiveness.

Natural Sources of Vitamin B-12

While supplementation may be necessary for some individuals, obtaining vitamin B-12 from natural food sources is often the preferred method. A balanced diet that includes B-12-rich foods can help maintain adequate levels of this essential nutrient.

Which foods are rich in vitamin B-12?

Eggs
Cheese
Fish
Shellfish
Liver
Kidney
Red meat

For individuals following a vegetarian or vegan diet, B-12 fortified foods or supplements may be necessary to meet daily requirements. These may include fortified plant-based milk, cereals, and nutritional yeast.

Recognizing and Managing Vitamin B-12 Deficiency

While this article focuses primarily on the side effects of excessive B-12 intake, it’s equally important to recognize the signs of deficiency. Vitamin B-12 deficiency can lead to various health issues, particularly affecting the nervous system and blood cell production.

What are the common symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Fatigue and weakness
Shortness of breath
Heart palpitations
Pale or jaundiced skin
Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
Balance problems
Cognitive issues, such as memory loss or difficulty concentrating
Mood changes, including depression or irritability

If you suspect a B-12 deficiency, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional. They can conduct appropriate tests and determine the best course of action, which may include dietary changes, oral supplements, or in severe cases, B-12 injections.

Risk Factors for Vitamin B-12 Deficiency

Certain individuals are at higher risk of developing a B-12 deficiency. Understanding these risk factors can help in early detection and prevention of potential health complications.

Who is more likely to develop a vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Older adults (over 50 years)
Individuals with gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohn’s disease, celiac disease)
Those who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery
Vegetarians and vegans
Individuals with pernicious anemia
People taking certain medications (e.g., metformin, proton pump inhibitors)

If you fall into any of these categories, it’s important to monitor your B-12 levels regularly and discuss potential supplementation with your healthcare provider.

Proper Usage and Precautions for Vitamin B-12 Supplements

When considering vitamin B-12 supplementation, it’s essential to follow proper usage guidelines and take necessary precautions to avoid potential side effects or complications.

How can you safely use vitamin B-12 supplements?

Consult with a healthcare professional before starting supplementation
Follow the recommended dosage on the product label or as prescribed by your doctor
Be aware of potential interactions with other medications or supplements
Monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if side effects occur
Consider regular blood tests to check B-12 levels, especially if you’re in a high-risk group

It’s important to note that vitamin B-12 supplements are generally safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women when taken at recommended doses. However, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen during pregnancy or while nursing.

What to Do If You Experience Side Effects

If you notice any adverse effects after starting vitamin B-12 supplementation, it’s crucial to take appropriate action to ensure your health and well-being.

How should you respond to potential side effects of vitamin B-12 supplements?

Discontinue use of the supplement immediately
Monitor your symptoms closely
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen
Consult with your healthcare provider to determine an appropriate dosage or alternative sources of B-12
Consider getting your B-12 levels tested to ensure they’re within a healthy range

Remember, most side effects of vitamin B-12 supplementation are mild and resolve once you stop taking the supplement. However, if you experience severe symptoms or signs of an allergic reaction, seek emergency medical care promptly.

In conclusion, while vitamin B-12 is an essential nutrient with numerous health benefits, it’s crucial to be aware of potential side effects and proper usage guidelines. By understanding the recommended dosages, recognizing potential interactions, and knowing how to respond to adverse reactions, you can safely incorporate vitamin B-12 into your health regimen and enjoy its many benefits.

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Your doctor will give you the right dosage of vitamin B-12 supplement, especially if you will inject it. Taking too much can cause side effects like nausea, headache, dizziness, and in rarely, blood clots or cancer.

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Vitamin B-12 is water-soluble and absorbed in the intestines. After it’s absorbed, it’s used to make DNA and red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 that isn’t being used is stored in the liver. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

Don’t take vitamin B-12 supplements if you have sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, and any other ingredients. Vitamin B-12 is safe to take in recommended dosages if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Health Conditions
- Featured
  - Breast Cancer
  - IBD
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
  - Acid Reflux
  - ADHD
  - Allergies
  - Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  - Bipolar Disorder
  - Cancer
  - Crohn’s Disease
  - Chronic Pain
  - Cold & Flu
  - COPD
  - Depression
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Heart Disease
  - High Cholesterol
  - HIV
  - Hypertension
  - IPF
  - Osteoarthritis
  - Psoriasis
  - Skin Disorders and Care
  - STDs
Discover
- Wellness Topics
  - Nutrition
  - Fitness
  - Skin Care
  - Sexual Health
  - Women’s Health
  - Mental Well-Being
  - Sleep
- Product Reviews
  - Vitamins & Supplements
  - Sleep
  - Mental Health
  - Nutrition
  - At-Home Testing
  - CBD
  - Men’s Health
- Original Series
  - Fresh Food Fast
  - Diagnosis Diaries
  - You’re Not Alone
  - Present Tense
- Video Series
  - Youth in Focus
  - Healthy Harvest
  - No More Silence
  - Future of Health
Plan
- Health Challenges
  - Mindful Eating
  - Sugar Savvy
  - Move Your Body
  - Gut Health
  - Mood Foods
  - Align Your Spine
- Find Care
  - Primary Care
  - Mental Health
  - OB-GYN
  - Dermatologists
  - Neurologists
  - Cardiologists
  - Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
  - Weight Management
  - Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
  - Are You a Workaholic?
  - How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
  - Health News
  - Find a Diet
  - Find Healthy Snacks
  - Drugs A-Z
  - Health A-Z
Connect
- - Breast Cancer
  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - Psoriatic Arthritis
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis
  - Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Description of the drug in 1998

Date of approval: 07/31/1998

Content

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Composition and form of release
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect
Indications
Contraindications
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Precautionary measures
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Composition and formulation

1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂) 200 or 500 mcg; in ampoules of 1 ml, in a cardboard box 10 pcs.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

hematopoietic , stimulating cell metabolism .

Participates in the transfer of methyl fragments, the formation of choline, methionine, creatine, nucleic acids, the maturation of erythrocytes, promotes the accumulation of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes.

Indications

Anemia (Addison-Birmer, alimentary macrocytic, iron deficiency,
posthemorrhagic, aplastic, caused by toxic substances and drugs), cirrhosis of the liver,
hepatitis, myelosis, polyneuritis, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, children
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Down’s disease, skin diseases, peripheral nerve injuries.

Contraindications

Thromboembolism, angina.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar.

Addison-Birmer anemia – 100-200 mcg every other day; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and with macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg or more per injection (daily for the first week, and then with intervals between injections of up to 5-7 days). Simultaneously appoint folic acid. In the period of remission, in the absence of funicular myelosis phenomena, 100 mcg is administered for maintenance therapy 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena, 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month.

For iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia (especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

In diseases of the central nervous system and neurological diseases with pain syndrome, it is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 mcg per injection, and when the condition improves, 100 mcg/day; course – up to 2 weeks.

In traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves – 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

For hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, 30–60 mcg per day or 100 mcg every other day for 25–40 days.

With dystrophies in young children, Down’s disease and cerebral palsy – 15-30 mcg every other day.

In case of funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, sometimes 15-30 mcg is injected into the spinal canal (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mcg).

Side effects

Excitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions.

Interactions

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Incompatible (in one syringe) with thiamine bromide, riboflavin.

Precautions

In angina pectoris, use with caution and in lower doses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light.

Keep out of reach of children.

Expiry date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging.

Update date: 04/30/2020

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰

Analogs

Description selection

Lec. form	Dosage
instant tablets	5000 mcg
injection	0. 2 mg/ml

instant tablets

5000 mcg

injection

0.2 mg/ml

All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics

Product description Vitamin B12 (solution for injection, 0.2 mg/ml) based on the official instructions, approved by the manufacturer in 1998

Date approved: 07/31/1998

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Composition and form of release
Dosage and administration
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Composition and form of release

1 ampoule with 1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin 200 or 500 mcg; in a box of 10 pcs. , complete with ampoule knife.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar. For Addison-Birmer anemia (in combination with folic acid)
– 100-200 mcg once a day, for 2 days; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms
funicular myelosis and macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg and
more per injection (in the first week daily, and then at intervals between injections up to 5-7 days). During
remissions – 100 mcg 2 times a month (maintenance therapy), in the presence of neurological phenomena
(funicular myelosis) – 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. With iron deficiency and
posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia
(especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary
anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

Side effects of b12 tablets. Vitamin B-12 Supplements: Essential Benefits and Potential Side Effects

The Crucial Role of Vitamin B-12 in Human Health

Understanding Vitamin B-12 Absorption and Storage

Potential Side Effects of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B-12

Interactions Between Vitamin B-12 and Other Substances

Natural Sources of Vitamin B-12

Recognizing and Managing Vitamin B-12 Deficiency

Risk Factors for Vitamin B-12 Deficiency

Proper Usage and Precautions for Vitamin B-12 Supplements

What to Do If You Experience Side Effects

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

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Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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How we reviewed this article:

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Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Content

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Composition and formulation

Pharmacological action

Indications

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Interactions

Precautions

Storage conditions

Expiry date

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg 0.004 ‰

Description selection

Contents

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Composition and form of release

Dosage and administration

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Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
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