Side effects of b12 tablets. Vitamin B-12 Supplements: Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage Guidelines

12.08.202307.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the potential side effects of vitamin B-12 supplements. How much vitamin B-12 do you need daily. What foods are rich in vitamin B-12. When should you consult a doctor about vitamin B-12 supplementation.

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Understanding Vitamin B-12: Essential Nutrient for Health

Vitamin B-12, also known as cobalamin, is a crucial water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in various bodily functions. It is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and proper neurological function. While most people obtain sufficient B-12 through their diet, some individuals may require supplementation to meet their needs.

Key Functions of Vitamin B-12

DNA synthesis
Red blood cell production
Neurological function support
Energy metabolism
Homocysteine regulation

What makes vitamin B-12 unique among water-soluble vitamins? Unlike other water-soluble vitamins that are not stored in the body, vitamin B-12 can be stored in the liver for extended periods. This storage capacity allows the body to maintain reserves for times when dietary intake may be insufficient.

Common Sources of Vitamin B-12: Diet and Supplements

Vitamin B-12 is naturally found in various animal-based foods. However, for those following plant-based diets or individuals with absorption issues, supplementation may be necessary. Let’s explore the primary sources of this essential nutrient.

Dietary Sources Rich in Vitamin B-12

Eggs
Cheese
Fish
Shellfish
Liver
Kidney
Red meat

How can vegetarians and vegans ensure adequate B-12 intake? For those following plant-based diets, fortified foods and supplements are often necessary to meet B-12 requirements. Nutritional yeast, fortified plant milks, and B-12 supplements can help bridge the gap.

Supplemental Forms of Vitamin B-12

Oral tablets
Sublingual lozenges
Nasal sprays
Injectable forms (for severe deficiencies)

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B-12

The National Institutes of Health has established Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B-12 to ensure optimal health across different age groups and life stages. Understanding these guidelines can help individuals make informed decisions about their B-12 intake.

Daily B-12 Requirements by Age and Life Stage

14 years and older: 2.4 micrograms (mcg)
Pregnant women: 2.6 mcg
Breastfeeding women: 2.8 mcg

What special considerations should adults over 50 keep in mind regarding B-12 intake? As we age, our ability to absorb vitamin B-12 from food sources may decrease. For this reason, adults over 50 are advised to obtain their RDA through fortified foods or supplements, aiming for 25 to 100 mcg daily.

Potential Side Effects of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

While vitamin B-12 is generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses, excessive intake or sensitivity to the supplement can lead to adverse effects. It’s important to be aware of potential side effects, especially when using injectable forms or high-dose supplements.

Common Side Effects of B-12 Supplements

Mild diarrhea
Itching
Skin rash
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting

Can vitamin B-12 supplementation cause more serious side effects? In rare cases, particularly with injectable forms, more severe side effects may occur. These can include pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure early in treatment, vein thrombosis, and a sensation of swelling. Additionally, there have been extremely rare reports of polycythemia vera, a slow-growing blood cancer, associated with B-12 supplementation.

Allergic Reactions to Vitamin B-12

Although rare, severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to vitamin B-12 supplements can occur. Symptoms may include swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, as well as difficulty swallowing and breathing. If you experience these symptoms after taking a B-12 supplement, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Interactions Between Vitamin B-12 and Other Substances

Certain medications and supplements can interfere with the absorption or effectiveness of vitamin B-12. Understanding these interactions is crucial for maintaining optimal B-12 levels, especially for individuals taking multiple medications or supplements.

Medications That May Affect B-12 Absorption

Colchicine
Metformin
Proton pump inhibitors
Vitamin C
Chloramphenicol
H3 blockers
Aminosalicylic acid

How can you ensure proper B-12 absorption if you’re taking these medications? If you’re taking any of the above medications, consult with your healthcare provider about the timing of your B-12 supplementation. In some cases, it may be recommended to take B-12 supplements at a different time of day than your other medications to maximize absorption.

Folic Acid and Vitamin B-12 Interaction

Folic acid supplements can mask the symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency while potentially exacerbating its neurological effects. If you’re taking folic acid supplements, it’s essential to inform your doctor and ensure that your B-12 levels are properly monitored.

Special Considerations for Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

While vitamin B-12 supplementation is generally safe for most people, there are certain groups who should exercise caution or seek medical advice before starting supplements. Understanding these special considerations can help prevent potential complications.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Vitamin B-12 is considered safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women when taken at recommended dosages. In fact, adequate B-12 intake is crucial for fetal development and infant health. However, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Individuals with Allergies or Sensitivities

If you have known sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, or any other ingredients found in B-12 supplements, it’s important to avoid these products. Always read supplement labels carefully and consult with a healthcare provider if you’re unsure about potential allergens.

When to Seek Medical Attention for B-12 Supplementation Issues

While vitamin B-12 supplements are generally well-tolerated, there are instances where medical attention may be necessary. Being aware of warning signs and knowing when to consult a healthcare provider can help prevent complications and ensure optimal health.

Signs That Warrant Medical Attention

Persistent or severe side effects after starting B-12 supplements
Symptoms of allergic reactions, such as difficulty breathing or swelling
Unexplained symptoms that coincide with B-12 supplementation
Concerns about potential interactions with other medications or supplements

What should you do if you experience adverse effects from B-12 supplements? If you notice any adverse effects after starting vitamin B-12 supplements, discontinue use immediately and consult your healthcare provider. They can help determine the cause of your symptoms and recommend appropriate next steps, which may include adjusting your dosage or finding alternative sources of B-12.

Monitoring B-12 Levels

Regular monitoring of vitamin B-12 levels through blood tests can help ensure that you’re maintaining optimal levels without risking toxicity. Your healthcare provider can recommend an appropriate testing schedule based on your individual needs and risk factors.

Strategies for Optimizing Vitamin B-12 Intake

Maintaining adequate vitamin B-12 levels is essential for overall health and well-being. While supplementation can be beneficial for some individuals, there are several strategies you can employ to optimize your B-12 intake naturally.

Incorporating B-12-Rich Foods into Your Diet

For most people, obtaining vitamin B-12 through dietary sources is the preferred method. By incorporating a variety of B-12-rich foods into your meals, you can help ensure that you’re meeting your daily requirements without the need for supplements.

Tips for Enhancing B-12 Absorption

Consume B-12-rich foods with a source of fat to improve absorption
Consider using sublingual B-12 supplements for better absorption
Address any underlying digestive issues that may impair nutrient absorption
Limit alcohol consumption, as excessive alcohol can interfere with B-12 absorption

How can you determine if you’re getting enough vitamin B-12? Pay attention to potential signs of deficiency, such as fatigue, weakness, or neurological symptoms. If you’re concerned about your B-12 levels, consult with a healthcare provider who can order appropriate tests and provide personalized recommendations.

Alternative Sources for Vegetarians and Vegans

For those following plant-based diets, ensuring adequate B-12 intake requires careful planning. Consider incorporating fortified foods such as plant-based milk alternatives, breakfast cereals, and nutritional yeast into your diet. In many cases, a B-12 supplement may be necessary to meet daily requirements.

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Your doctor will give you the right dosage of vitamin B-12 supplement, especially if you will inject it. Taking too much can cause side effects like nausea, headache, dizziness, and in rarely, blood clots or cancer.

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Vitamin B-12 is water-soluble and absorbed in the intestines. After it’s absorbed, it’s used to make DNA and red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 that isn’t being used is stored in the liver. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

Don’t take vitamin B-12 supplements if you have sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, and any other ingredients. Vitamin B-12 is safe to take in recommended dosages if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Health Conditions
- Featured
  - Breast Cancer
  - IBD
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
  - Acid Reflux
  - ADHD
  - Allergies
  - Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  - Bipolar Disorder
  - Cancer
  - Crohn’s Disease
  - Chronic Pain
  - Cold & Flu
  - COPD
  - Depression
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Heart Disease
  - High Cholesterol
  - HIV
  - Hypertension
  - IPF
  - Osteoarthritis
  - Psoriasis
  - Skin Disorders and Care
  - STDs
Discover
- Wellness Topics
  - Nutrition
  - Fitness
  - Skin Care
  - Sexual Health
  - Women’s Health
  - Mental Well-Being
  - Sleep
- Product Reviews
  - Vitamins & Supplements
  - Sleep
  - Mental Health
  - Nutrition
  - At-Home Testing
  - CBD
  - Men’s Health
- Original Series
  - Fresh Food Fast
  - Diagnosis Diaries
  - You’re Not Alone
  - Present Tense
- Video Series
  - Youth in Focus
  - Healthy Harvest
  - No More Silence
  - Future of Health
Plan
- Health Challenges
  - Mindful Eating
  - Sugar Savvy
  - Move Your Body
  - Gut Health
  - Mood Foods
  - Align Your Spine
- Find Care
  - Primary Care
  - Mental Health
  - OB-GYN
  - Dermatologists
  - Neurologists
  - Cardiologists
  - Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
  - Weight Management
  - Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
  - Are You a Workaholic?
  - How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
  - Health News
  - Find a Diet
  - Find Healthy Snacks
  - Drugs A-Z
  - Health A-Z
Connect
- - Breast Cancer
  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - Psoriatic Arthritis
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis
  - Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Description of the drug in 1998

Date of approval: 07/31/1998

Content

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Composition and form of release
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect
Indications
Contraindications
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Precautionary measures
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Composition and formulation

1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂) 200 or 500 mcg; in ampoules of 1 ml, in a cardboard box 10 pcs.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

hematopoietic , stimulating cell metabolism .

Participates in the transfer of methyl fragments, the formation of choline, methionine, creatine, nucleic acids, the maturation of erythrocytes, promotes the accumulation of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes.

Indications

Anemia (Addison-Birmer, alimentary macrocytic, iron deficiency,
posthemorrhagic, aplastic, caused by toxic substances and drugs), cirrhosis of the liver,
hepatitis, myelosis, polyneuritis, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, children
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Down’s disease, skin diseases, peripheral nerve injuries.

Contraindications

Thromboembolism, angina.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar.

Addison-Birmer anemia – 100-200 mcg every other day; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and with macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg or more per injection (daily for the first week, and then with intervals between injections of up to 5-7 days). Simultaneously appoint folic acid. In the period of remission, in the absence of funicular myelosis phenomena, 100 mcg is administered for maintenance therapy 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena, 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month.

For iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia (especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

In diseases of the central nervous system and neurological diseases with pain syndrome, it is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 mcg per injection, and when the condition improves, 100 mcg/day; course – up to 2 weeks.

In traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves – 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

For hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, 30–60 mcg per day or 100 mcg every other day for 25–40 days.

With dystrophies in young children, Down’s disease and cerebral palsy – 15-30 mcg every other day.

In case of funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, sometimes 15-30 mcg is injected into the spinal canal (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mcg).

Side effects

Excitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions.

Interactions

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Incompatible (in one syringe) with thiamine bromide, riboflavin.

Precautions

In angina pectoris, use with caution and in lower doses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light.

Keep out of reach of children.

Expiry date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging.

Update date: 04/30/2020

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰

Analogs

Description selection

Lec. form	Dosage
instant tablets	5000 mcg
injection	0. 2 mg/ml

instant tablets

5000 mcg

injection

0.2 mg/ml

All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics

Product description Vitamin B12 (solution for injection, 0.2 mg/ml) based on the official instructions, approved by the manufacturer in 1998

Date approved: 07/31/1998

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Composition and form of release
Dosage and administration
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Composition and form of release

1 ampoule with 1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin 200 or 500 mcg; in a box of 10 pcs. , complete with ampoule knife.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar. For Addison-Birmer anemia (in combination with folic acid)
– 100-200 mcg once a day, for 2 days; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms
funicular myelosis and macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg and
more per injection (in the first week daily, and then at intervals between injections up to 5-7 days). During
remissions – 100 mcg 2 times a month (maintenance therapy), in the presence of neurological phenomena
(funicular myelosis) – 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. With iron deficiency and
posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia
(especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary
anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

Side effects of b12 tablets. Vitamin B-12 Supplements: Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage Guidelines

Understanding Vitamin B-12: Essential Nutrient for Health

Key Functions of Vitamin B-12

Common Sources of Vitamin B-12: Diet and Supplements

Dietary Sources Rich in Vitamin B-12

Supplemental Forms of Vitamin B-12

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B-12

Daily B-12 Requirements by Age and Life Stage

Potential Side Effects of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

Common Side Effects of B-12 Supplements

Allergic Reactions to Vitamin B-12

Interactions Between Vitamin B-12 and Other Substances

Medications That May Affect B-12 Absorption

Folic Acid and Vitamin B-12 Interaction

Special Considerations for Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Individuals with Allergies or Sensitivities

When to Seek Medical Attention for B-12 Supplementation Issues

Signs That Warrant Medical Attention

Monitoring B-12 Levels

Strategies for Optimizing Vitamin B-12 Intake

Incorporating B-12-Rich Foods into Your Diet

Tips for Enhancing B-12 Absorption

Alternative Sources for Vegetarians and Vegans

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

Read this next

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

Read this next

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Content

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Composition and formulation

Pharmacological action

Indications

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Interactions

Precautions

Storage conditions

Expiry date

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg 0.004 ‰

Description selection

Contents

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Composition and form of release

Dosage and administration

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Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰