Side effects of b12 tablets. Vitamin B-12 Side Effects: Understanding Risks and Benefits of Supplementation

15.08.202308.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the potential side effects of vitamin B-12 supplements. How much vitamin B-12 do you need daily. Can taking too much vitamin B-12 be harmful. What foods are good natural sources of vitamin B-12.

Содержание

What is Vitamin B-12 and Why is it Important?

Vitamin B-12, also known as cobalamin, is a crucial water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in various bodily functions. It is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and proper neurological function. Most people obtain sufficient amounts of vitamin B-12 through their diet, particularly from animal-based foods. However, some individuals may require supplementation due to dietary restrictions, malabsorption issues, or other health conditions.

Key Functions of Vitamin B-12

DNA synthesis and cell division
Red blood cell production
Nervous system maintenance
Energy metabolism
Homocysteine regulation

Despite its importance, excessive intake of vitamin B-12 supplements can lead to potential side effects. Understanding these effects is crucial for maintaining optimal health and avoiding complications.

Common Side Effects of Vitamin B-12 Supplements

While vitamin B-12 is generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses, some individuals may experience side effects, especially when using injectable forms or high-dose oral supplements. It’s important to note that these side effects are typically mild and often resolve on their own.

Oral Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Oral vitamin B-12 supplements are generally well-tolerated. However, some people may experience:

Mild diarrhea
Nausea
Headache
Dizziness

Injectable Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Injectable vitamin B-12, often used to treat severe deficiencies, may cause additional side effects:

Itching or skin rash
Sensation of swelling
Vomiting
Pulmonary edema (early in treatment)
Congestive heart failure (early in treatment)
Vein thrombosis (blood clots)

Are these side effects common for everyone taking vitamin B-12 supplements? No, the majority of people tolerate vitamin B-12 well, and severe side effects are rare. However, it’s essential to be aware of these potential reactions and consult a healthcare professional if you experience any concerning symptoms.

Rare but Serious Side Effects of Vitamin B-12

While uncommon, some individuals may experience severe side effects from vitamin B-12 supplementation. These rare reactions require immediate medical attention.

Allergic Reactions

In extremely rare cases, vitamin B-12 can cause anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms may include:

Swelling of the face, tongue, and throat
Difficulty swallowing and breathing
Hives or severe skin rash
Rapid heartbeat

If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction after taking vitamin B-12, seek emergency medical care immediately.

Polycythemia Vera

In extremely rare instances, high doses of vitamin B-12 have been associated with polycythemia vera, a slow-growing blood cancer characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells. However, it’s important to note that this link is not definitively established, and more research is needed to understand this potential relationship.

Interactions with Medications and Other Supplements

Vitamin B-12 can interact with certain medications and supplements, potentially affecting its absorption or effectiveness. Understanding these interactions is crucial for individuals taking multiple supplements or medications.

Medications That May Interfere with Vitamin B-12 Absorption

Metformin (diabetes medication)
Proton pump inhibitors (for acid reflux)
H2 blockers (for acid reflux)
Colchicine (for gout)
Chloramphenicol (antibiotic)
Aminosalicylic acid (for inflammatory bowel disease)

If you’re taking any of these medications, you may need to adjust your vitamin B-12 intake or timing. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Supplement Interactions

Certain supplements may also affect vitamin B-12 absorption or utilization:

Vitamin C
Folic acid

To maximize absorption and effectiveness, it may be necessary to take vitamin B-12 separately from these supplements. For example, you could take vitamin B-12 in the morning and other supplements in the evening.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B-12

To avoid potential side effects and ensure optimal health, it’s important to consume the appropriate amount of vitamin B-12. The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) vary based on age and life stage.

General RDAs for Vitamin B-12

Ages 14 years and older: 2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily
Pregnant women: 2.6 mcg daily
Breastfeeding women: 2.8 mcg daily

For adults over 50 years of age, the National Institutes of Health recommends obtaining the RDA through fortified foods or supplements containing 25 to 100 mcg of vitamin B-12, as absorption can decrease with age.

Is it possible to get enough vitamin B-12 from food alone? Yes, for most people, a balanced diet that includes animal products can provide sufficient vitamin B-12. However, vegetarians, vegans, and individuals with certain health conditions may need to consider supplementation or fortified foods.

Natural Sources of Vitamin B-12

While supplements can be beneficial for some individuals, obtaining nutrients from whole foods is generally preferable. Vitamin B-12 is naturally found in various animal-based foods.

Foods Rich in Vitamin B-12

Eggs
Cheese
Fish (especially salmon, trout, and tuna)
Shellfish (clams, oysters, mussels)
Liver
Kidney
Red meat
Fortified plant-based milk alternatives
Fortified breakfast cereals

Incorporating these foods into your diet can help ensure adequate vitamin B-12 intake without the need for supplements. However, individuals following vegetarian or vegan diets may need to rely on fortified foods or supplements to meet their B-12 requirements.

When to Seek Medical Advice

While vitamin B-12 supplements are generally safe, there are instances where medical consultation is necessary. Understanding when to seek professional advice can help prevent complications and ensure optimal health.

Signs You Should Consult a Healthcare Provider

Persistent side effects after stopping supplementation
Symptoms of allergic reactions
Unexplained fatigue, weakness, or neurological symptoms
Concerns about potential nutrient deficiencies
Questions about interactions with medications or other supplements

How can you determine if you have a vitamin B-12 deficiency? A blood test can measure your vitamin B-12 levels and help diagnose any deficiencies. Your healthcare provider can order this test and interpret the results based on your individual health status and symptoms.

Alternatives to Vitamin B-12 Supplements

For individuals concerned about potential side effects or those who prefer natural approaches, there are alternatives to vitamin B-12 supplements. Exploring these options can help you maintain optimal B-12 levels without relying on synthetic supplements.

Dietary Modifications

Increasing your intake of B-12-rich foods is the most natural way to boost your levels. Consider incorporating more of the following into your diet:

Lean meats and poultry
Fish and seafood
Dairy products
Eggs

Fortified Foods

For vegetarians, vegans, or those with dietary restrictions, fortified foods can be an excellent source of vitamin B-12:

Plant-based milk alternatives (soy, almond, oat)
Breakfast cereals
Nutritional yeast
Some meat substitutes

Sublingual B-12

Sublingual B-12 supplements, which dissolve under the tongue, may be an alternative for those who have difficulty swallowing pills or absorbing B-12 in the gut. Some people find this form more effective and less likely to cause side effects.

Can lifestyle changes improve vitamin B-12 absorption? Yes, certain lifestyle modifications can enhance B-12 absorption and utilization:

Reducing alcohol consumption
Quitting smoking
Managing stress
Addressing underlying gut health issues

By combining these approaches, many individuals can maintain healthy vitamin B-12 levels without resorting to high-dose supplements, thus minimizing the risk of potential side effects.

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Your doctor will give you the right dosage of vitamin B-12 supplement, especially if you will inject it. Taking too much can cause side effects like nausea, headache, dizziness, and in rarely, blood clots or cancer.

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Vitamin B-12 is water-soluble and absorbed in the intestines. After it’s absorbed, it’s used to make DNA and red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 that isn’t being used is stored in the liver. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

Don’t take vitamin B-12 supplements if you have sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, and any other ingredients. Vitamin B-12 is safe to take in recommended dosages if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Health Conditions
- Featured
  - Breast Cancer
  - IBD
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
  - Acid Reflux
  - ADHD
  - Allergies
  - Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  - Bipolar Disorder
  - Cancer
  - Crohn’s Disease
  - Chronic Pain
  - Cold & Flu
  - COPD
  - Depression
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Heart Disease
  - High Cholesterol
  - HIV
  - Hypertension
  - IPF
  - Osteoarthritis
  - Psoriasis
  - Skin Disorders and Care
  - STDs
Discover
- Wellness Topics
  - Nutrition
  - Fitness
  - Skin Care
  - Sexual Health
  - Women’s Health
  - Mental Well-Being
  - Sleep
- Product Reviews
  - Vitamins & Supplements
  - Sleep
  - Mental Health
  - Nutrition
  - At-Home Testing
  - CBD
  - Men’s Health
- Original Series
  - Fresh Food Fast
  - Diagnosis Diaries
  - You’re Not Alone
  - Present Tense
- Video Series
  - Youth in Focus
  - Healthy Harvest
  - No More Silence
  - Future of Health
Plan
- Health Challenges
  - Mindful Eating
  - Sugar Savvy
  - Move Your Body
  - Gut Health
  - Mood Foods
  - Align Your Spine
- Find Care
  - Primary Care
  - Mental Health
  - OB-GYN
  - Dermatologists
  - Neurologists
  - Cardiologists
  - Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
  - Weight Management
  - Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
  - Are You a Workaholic?
  - How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
  - Health News
  - Find a Diet
  - Find Healthy Snacks
  - Drugs A-Z
  - Health A-Z
Connect
- - Breast Cancer
  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - Psoriatic Arthritis
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis
  - Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Description of the drug in 1998

Date of approval: 07/31/1998

Content

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Composition and form of release
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect
Indications
Contraindications
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Precautionary measures
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Composition and formulation

1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂) 200 or 500 mcg; in ampoules of 1 ml, in a cardboard box 10 pcs.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

hematopoietic , stimulating cell metabolism .

Participates in the transfer of methyl fragments, the formation of choline, methionine, creatine, nucleic acids, the maturation of erythrocytes, promotes the accumulation of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes.

Indications

Anemia (Addison-Birmer, alimentary macrocytic, iron deficiency,
posthemorrhagic, aplastic, caused by toxic substances and drugs), cirrhosis of the liver,
hepatitis, myelosis, polyneuritis, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, children
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Down’s disease, skin diseases, peripheral nerve injuries.

Contraindications

Thromboembolism, angina.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar.

Addison-Birmer anemia – 100-200 mcg every other day; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and with macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg or more per injection (daily for the first week, and then with intervals between injections of up to 5-7 days). Simultaneously appoint folic acid. In the period of remission, in the absence of funicular myelosis phenomena, 100 mcg is administered for maintenance therapy 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena, 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month.

For iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia (especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

In diseases of the central nervous system and neurological diseases with pain syndrome, it is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 mcg per injection, and when the condition improves, 100 mcg/day; course – up to 2 weeks.

In traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves – 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

For hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, 30–60 mcg per day or 100 mcg every other day for 25–40 days.

With dystrophies in young children, Down’s disease and cerebral palsy – 15-30 mcg every other day.

In case of funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, sometimes 15-30 mcg is injected into the spinal canal (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mcg).

Side effects

Excitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions.

Interactions

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Incompatible (in one syringe) with thiamine bromide, riboflavin.

Precautions

In angina pectoris, use with caution and in lower doses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light.

Keep out of reach of children.

Expiry date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging.

Update date: 04/30/2020

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰

Analogs

Description selection

Lec. form	Dosage
instant tablets	5000 mcg
injection	0. 2 mg/ml

instant tablets

5000 mcg

injection

0.2 mg/ml

All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics

Product description Vitamin B12 (solution for injection, 0.2 mg/ml) based on the official instructions, approved by the manufacturer in 1998

Date approved: 07/31/1998

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Composition and form of release
Dosage and administration
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Composition and form of release

1 ampoule with 1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin 200 or 500 mcg; in a box of 10 pcs. , complete with ampoule knife.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar. For Addison-Birmer anemia (in combination with folic acid)
– 100-200 mcg once a day, for 2 days; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms
funicular myelosis and macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg and
more per injection (in the first week daily, and then at intervals between injections up to 5-7 days). During
remissions – 100 mcg 2 times a month (maintenance therapy), in the presence of neurological phenomena
(funicular myelosis) – 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. With iron deficiency and
posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia
(especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary
anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

Side effects of b12 tablets. Vitamin B-12 Side Effects: Understanding Risks and Benefits of Supplementation

What is Vitamin B-12 and Why is it Important?

Key Functions of Vitamin B-12

Common Side Effects of Vitamin B-12 Supplements

Oral Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Injectable Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Rare but Serious Side Effects of Vitamin B-12

Allergic Reactions

Polycythemia Vera

Interactions with Medications and Other Supplements

Medications That May Interfere with Vitamin B-12 Absorption

Supplement Interactions

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B-12

General RDAs for Vitamin B-12

Natural Sources of Vitamin B-12

Foods Rich in Vitamin B-12

When to Seek Medical Advice

Signs You Should Consult a Healthcare Provider

Alternatives to Vitamin B-12 Supplements

Dietary Modifications

Fortified Foods

Sublingual B-12

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

Read this next

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

Read this next

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Content

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Composition and formulation

Pharmacological action

Indications

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Interactions

Precautions

Storage conditions

Expiry date

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg 0.004 ‰

Description selection

Contents

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Composition and form of release

Dosage and administration

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Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰