Side effects of b12 tablets. Vitamin B-12 Side Effects: Understanding Risks and Benefits of Supplementation

18.08.202308.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the potential side effects of vitamin B-12 supplements. How much vitamin B-12 do you need daily. Which foods are rich in vitamin B-12. When should you consult a doctor about vitamin B-12 supplementation.

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The Importance of Vitamin B-12 and Its Functions in the Body

Vitamin B-12, also known as cobalamin, is a crucial nutrient that plays a vital role in various bodily functions. This water-soluble vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and proper neurological function. While most people obtain sufficient amounts of B-12 through their diet, some individuals may require supplementation to maintain optimal levels.

The human body’s relationship with vitamin B-12 is unique. Unlike other water-soluble vitamins that are excreted quickly if taken in excess, B-12 can be stored in the liver for extended periods. This storage capacity acts as a safeguard against deficiency but also raises questions about the potential risks of overconsumption.

Key Functions of Vitamin B-12:

DNA synthesis and cell division
Red blood cell formation
Nervous system maintenance
Energy metabolism
Homocysteine regulation

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B-12

Understanding the appropriate dosage of vitamin B-12 is crucial for maintaining optimal health while avoiding potential side effects. The National Institutes of Health has established Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B-12 based on age and life stage.

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B-12:

14 years and older: 2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily
Pregnant women: 2.6 mcg daily
Breastfeeding women: 2.8 mcg daily

For individuals over 50 years of age, it’s recommended to obtain the RDA through B-12 fortified foods or supplements containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12. This recommendation is due to the decreased ability to absorb naturally occurring B-12 as we age.

Common Side Effects of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

While vitamin B-12 is generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses, some individuals may experience side effects, particularly when using injectable forms or high-dose supplements. It’s important to note that many of these side effects are rare and often associated with excessive intake or individual sensitivities.

Potential Side Effects of Oral and Injectable Vitamin B-12:

Mild diarrhea
Itching
Skin rash
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting

In rare cases, more severe side effects have been reported, particularly with injectable forms of B-12. These include pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure early in treatment, vein thrombosis, and a sensation of swelling. It’s crucial to discuss any unusual symptoms with a healthcare provider promptly.

Rare but Serious Allergic Reactions to Vitamin B-12

While extremely uncommon, severe allergic reactions to vitamin B-12 supplements can occur. Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic response, has been reported in very rare instances. Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, as well as difficulty swallowing and breathing.

If you experience any signs of a severe allergic reaction after taking vitamin B-12, it’s crucial to seek emergency medical attention immediately. Call 911 or your local emergency services without delay.

Interactions Between Vitamin B-12 and Other Medications

Certain medications and supplements can interfere with the absorption or effectiveness of vitamin B-12. Understanding these interactions is essential for individuals taking B-12 supplements or those at risk of deficiency.

Medications That May Affect Vitamin B-12 Levels:

Colchicine
Metformin
Proton pump inhibitors
Vitamin C
Chloramphenicol
H2 blockers
Aminosalicylic acid

If you’re taking any of these medications, consult with your healthcare provider about potential vitamin B-12 supplementation. They may recommend taking B-12 at a different time of day to ensure optimal absorption.

It’s worth noting that folic acid supplements may also interfere with vitamin B-12 absorption. If you’re taking both supplements, inform your doctor to ensure proper dosing and timing.

Food Sources Rich in Vitamin B-12

For many individuals, obtaining adequate vitamin B-12 through diet is possible and preferable to supplementation. A varied diet that includes animal products can typically provide sufficient B-12 for most people.

Foods High in Vitamin B-12:

Eggs
Cheese
Fish
Shellfish
Liver
Kidney
Red meat

For vegetarians and vegans, fortified foods and supplements may be necessary to meet B-12 requirements. Consult with a registered dietitian or healthcare provider to ensure your diet provides adequate B-12.

When to Consult a Doctor About Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

While vitamin B-12 supplementation is generally safe, there are situations where professional medical advice is necessary. Consulting a healthcare provider is crucial if you experience persistent side effects or have concerns about your B-12 status.

Reasons to Seek Medical Advice:

Experiencing bothersome side effects that don’t subside after stopping supplementation
Concerns about potential B-12 deficiency
Taking medications that may interfere with B-12 absorption
Following a strict vegetarian or vegan diet
Being over 50 years old and unsure about B-12 intake
Pregnancy or breastfeeding and considering supplementation

A healthcare provider can help determine an appropriate dosage, assess potential interactions with other medications, and recommend the best form of supplementation if needed.

Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

While vitamin B-12 is essential for health, it’s important to strike a balance between meeting nutritional needs and avoiding excessive intake. For most individuals, obtaining B-12 through a varied diet is the preferred approach. However, certain groups may benefit from supplementation under medical supervision.

Considerations for Safe B-12 Supplementation:

Follow recommended dosages unless otherwise advised by a healthcare provider
Be aware of potential interactions with medications and other supplements
Monitor for any adverse effects and report them to your doctor
Consider dietary sources of B-12 before resorting to supplements
Discuss supplementation with a healthcare provider if you have underlying health conditions

By understanding the potential side effects and benefits of vitamin B-12, individuals can make informed decisions about their nutritional needs. Remember that while supplements can be beneficial, they should not replace a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle.

Vitamin B-12 plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health, but like any nutrient, it requires a thoughtful approach to supplementation. By staying informed about recommended intake levels, potential side effects, and food sources, you can ensure that you’re meeting your B-12 needs safely and effectively. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications.

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Your doctor will give you the right dosage of vitamin B-12 supplement, especially if you will inject it. Taking too much can cause side effects like nausea, headache, dizziness, and in rarely, blood clots or cancer.

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Vitamin B-12 is water-soluble and absorbed in the intestines. After it’s absorbed, it’s used to make DNA and red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 that isn’t being used is stored in the liver. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

Don’t take vitamin B-12 supplements if you have sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, and any other ingredients. Vitamin B-12 is safe to take in recommended dosages if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Health Conditions
- Featured
  - Breast Cancer
  - IBD
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
  - Acid Reflux
  - ADHD
  - Allergies
  - Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  - Bipolar Disorder
  - Cancer
  - Crohn’s Disease
  - Chronic Pain
  - Cold & Flu
  - COPD
  - Depression
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Heart Disease
  - High Cholesterol
  - HIV
  - Hypertension
  - IPF
  - Osteoarthritis
  - Psoriasis
  - Skin Disorders and Care
  - STDs
Discover
- Wellness Topics
  - Nutrition
  - Fitness
  - Skin Care
  - Sexual Health
  - Women’s Health
  - Mental Well-Being
  - Sleep
- Product Reviews
  - Vitamins & Supplements
  - Sleep
  - Mental Health
  - Nutrition
  - At-Home Testing
  - CBD
  - Men’s Health
- Original Series
  - Fresh Food Fast
  - Diagnosis Diaries
  - You’re Not Alone
  - Present Tense
- Video Series
  - Youth in Focus
  - Healthy Harvest
  - No More Silence
  - Future of Health
Plan
- Health Challenges
  - Mindful Eating
  - Sugar Savvy
  - Move Your Body
  - Gut Health
  - Mood Foods
  - Align Your Spine
- Find Care
  - Primary Care
  - Mental Health
  - OB-GYN
  - Dermatologists
  - Neurologists
  - Cardiologists
  - Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
  - Weight Management
  - Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
  - Are You a Workaholic?
  - How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
  - Health News
  - Find a Diet
  - Find Healthy Snacks
  - Drugs A-Z
  - Health A-Z
Connect
- - Breast Cancer
  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - Psoriatic Arthritis
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis
  - Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Description of the drug in 1998

Date of approval: 07/31/1998

Content

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Composition and form of release
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect
Indications
Contraindications
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Precautionary measures
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Composition and formulation

1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂) 200 or 500 mcg; in ampoules of 1 ml, in a cardboard box 10 pcs.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

hematopoietic , stimulating cell metabolism .

Participates in the transfer of methyl fragments, the formation of choline, methionine, creatine, nucleic acids, the maturation of erythrocytes, promotes the accumulation of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes.

Indications

Anemia (Addison-Birmer, alimentary macrocytic, iron deficiency,
posthemorrhagic, aplastic, caused by toxic substances and drugs), cirrhosis of the liver,
hepatitis, myelosis, polyneuritis, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, children
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Down’s disease, skin diseases, peripheral nerve injuries.

Contraindications

Thromboembolism, angina.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar.

Addison-Birmer anemia – 100-200 mcg every other day; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and with macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg or more per injection (daily for the first week, and then with intervals between injections of up to 5-7 days). Simultaneously appoint folic acid. In the period of remission, in the absence of funicular myelosis phenomena, 100 mcg is administered for maintenance therapy 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena, 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month.

For iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia (especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

In diseases of the central nervous system and neurological diseases with pain syndrome, it is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 mcg per injection, and when the condition improves, 100 mcg/day; course – up to 2 weeks.

In traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves – 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

For hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, 30–60 mcg per day or 100 mcg every other day for 25–40 days.

With dystrophies in young children, Down’s disease and cerebral palsy – 15-30 mcg every other day.

In case of funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, sometimes 15-30 mcg is injected into the spinal canal (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mcg).

Side effects

Excitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions.

Interactions

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Incompatible (in one syringe) with thiamine bromide, riboflavin.

Precautions

In angina pectoris, use with caution and in lower doses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light.

Keep out of reach of children.

Expiry date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging.

Update date: 04/30/2020

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰

Analogs

Description selection

Lec. form	Dosage
instant tablets	5000 mcg
injection	0. 2 mg/ml

instant tablets

5000 mcg

injection

0.2 mg/ml

All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics

Product description Vitamin B12 (solution for injection, 0.2 mg/ml) based on the official instructions, approved by the manufacturer in 1998

Date approved: 07/31/1998

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Composition and form of release
Dosage and administration
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Composition and form of release

1 ampoule with 1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin 200 or 500 mcg; in a box of 10 pcs. , complete with ampoule knife.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar. For Addison-Birmer anemia (in combination with folic acid)
– 100-200 mcg once a day, for 2 days; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms
funicular myelosis and macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg and
more per injection (in the first week daily, and then at intervals between injections up to 5-7 days). During
remissions – 100 mcg 2 times a month (maintenance therapy), in the presence of neurological phenomena
(funicular myelosis) – 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. With iron deficiency and
posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia
(especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary
anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

Side effects of b12 tablets. Vitamin B-12 Side Effects: Understanding Risks and Benefits of Supplementation

The Importance of Vitamin B-12 and Its Functions in the Body

Key Functions of Vitamin B-12:

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B-12

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B-12:

Common Side Effects of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

Potential Side Effects of Oral and Injectable Vitamin B-12:

Rare but Serious Allergic Reactions to Vitamin B-12

Interactions Between Vitamin B-12 and Other Medications

Medications That May Affect Vitamin B-12 Levels:

Food Sources Rich in Vitamin B-12

Foods High in Vitamin B-12:

When to Consult a Doctor About Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

Reasons to Seek Medical Advice:

Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation

Considerations for Safe B-12 Supplementation:

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

Read this next

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

Read this next

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Content

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Composition and formulation

Pharmacological action

Indications

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Interactions

Precautions

Storage conditions

Expiry date

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg 0.004 ‰

Description selection

Contents

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Composition and form of release

Dosage and administration

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Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
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