Side effects of calcium with vitamin d. Calcium and Vitamin D Combination: Uses, Side Effects, and Dosage Guidelines

09.11.202019.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the primary uses of calcium and vitamin D combination supplements. How can these supplements promote bone health and prevent osteoporosis. What are the potential side effects and precautions to consider when taking calcium and vitamin D supplements.

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Understanding Calcium and Vitamin D Combination Supplements

Calcium and vitamin D combination supplements, such as Calcium 500+D, are widely used to promote bone health and prevent various calcium-related conditions. These supplements combine two essential nutrients that work synergistically to maintain strong bones and support overall health.

Calcium is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in bone formation and maintenance. Vitamin D, on the other hand, enhances calcium absorption in the body, ensuring that the calcium consumed is effectively utilized. Together, these nutrients form a powerful duo in supporting skeletal health.

Key Components of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements

Calcium: A natural mineral essential for bone formation
Vitamin D: A nutrient that aids in calcium absorption

These supplements are available over-the-counter under various brand names, making them easily accessible to those seeking to improve their bone health or address calcium deficiencies.

Primary Uses and Benefits of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements

Calcium and vitamin D combination supplements offer several health benefits, primarily focused on bone health and related conditions. Here are the main uses of these supplements:

Promoting Bone Health

The primary function of calcium and vitamin D supplements is to support and maintain strong, healthy bones. By providing the body with adequate amounts of these essential nutrients, the supplements help in:

Strengthening bone structure
Reducing the risk of fractures
Supporting overall skeletal health

Treating Calcium Deficiency

For individuals with low calcium levels, these supplements can help replenish the body’s calcium stores, preventing complications associated with calcium deficiency such as:

Weakened bones
Muscle cramps
Dental problems

Preventing and Managing Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, can be prevented and managed with the help of calcium and vitamin D supplements. These nutrients work together to:

Maintain bone density
Slow down bone loss
Reduce the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures

Can calcium and vitamin D supplements completely prevent osteoporosis? While these supplements play a crucial role in maintaining bone health, they are most effective when combined with a balanced diet and regular exercise. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best approach for preventing and managing osteoporosis based on individual risk factors and health status.

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

While calcium and vitamin D supplements are generally safe for most people, they can cause side effects in some individuals. It’s essential to be aware of these potential adverse reactions and take necessary precautions.

Common Side Effects

Some of the more frequent side effects associated with calcium and vitamin D supplements include:

Constipation
Gas or bloating
Nausea
Dry mouth
Metallic taste in the mouth
Headache
Drowsiness

Are these side effects severe enough to discontinue the supplements? In most cases, these side effects are mild and can be managed by adjusting the dosage or taking the supplements with food. However, if the symptoms persist or worsen, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

Serious Side Effects

In rare cases, more severe side effects may occur. These require immediate medical attention and include:

Signs of allergic reaction (hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat)
Symptoms of hypercalcemia (too much calcium in the blood):
- Nausea and vomiting
- Constipation
- Increased thirst or urination
- Muscle weakness
- Bone pain
- Confusion
- Fatigue
Irregular heartbeat

When should you seek emergency medical help? If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction or symptoms of hypercalcemia, it’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention. These conditions can be serious and require prompt treatment.

Precautions and Contraindications

Certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid calcium and vitamin D supplements altogether. Consult a healthcare provider before using these supplements if you have:

Kidney disease
History of kidney stones
Heart disease
Cancer
High levels of calcium in your blood
Circulation problems
Parathyroid gland disorder

Additionally, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before taking these supplements, as their dosage needs may differ.

Dosage Guidelines and Administration

Proper dosage and administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements are crucial for maximizing their benefits while minimizing potential side effects. Here are some general guidelines to follow:

Recommended Dosage

The appropriate dosage of calcium and vitamin D can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and individual health needs. Generally, the recommended daily allowances are:

Calcium:
- Adults 19-50 years: 1000 mg
- Women 51+ years and men 71+ years: 1200 mg
Vitamin D:
- Adults up to 70 years: 600 IU
- Adults 71+ years: 800 IU

How should you determine the right dosage for your needs? It’s best to consult with a healthcare provider who can assess your individual requirements based on factors such as your diet, lifestyle, and any underlying health conditions.

Administration Tips

To ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness of calcium and vitamin D supplements:

Take the supplements with food to enhance absorption and reduce the risk of side effects
Spread out the doses throughout the day, as the body can only absorb a limited amount of calcium at once
Avoid taking calcium supplements with high-fiber meals, as fiber can interfere with calcium absorption
Do not exceed the recommended dosage unless directed by a healthcare provider

What should you do if you miss a dose? If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Never take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Interactions with Other Medications and Supplements

Calcium and vitamin D supplements can interact with various medications and other supplements, potentially affecting their efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects. It’s crucial to be aware of these interactions and consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist before combining supplements with other medications.

Common Drug Interactions

Calcium and vitamin D supplements may interact with the following types of medications:

Antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines, quinolones)
Bisphosphonates (used to treat osteoporosis)
Thyroid medications
Diuretics
Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium
Corticosteroids
Anticonvulsants

How can you minimize the risk of drug interactions? To reduce the risk of interactions, it’s advisable to:

Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you’re taking
Take calcium supplements at least 2 hours before or after other medications
Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding the timing of your supplements and medications

Interactions with Other Supplements

Calcium and vitamin D supplements can also interact with other dietary supplements, including:

Iron supplements
Zinc supplements
Magnesium supplements

To maximize absorption and minimize interactions, it’s generally recommended to take these supplements at different times of the day.

Special Considerations for Specific Populations

While calcium and vitamin D supplements can benefit many individuals, certain populations may have unique considerations or requirements when it comes to supplementation.

Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women

Pregnant and breastfeeding women often have increased calcium and vitamin D needs. However, they should consult their healthcare provider before starting any supplementation regimen, as their dosage requirements may differ from the general population.

Why is proper supplementation important during pregnancy and breastfeeding? Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake is crucial for:

Fetal bone development
Maintaining maternal bone density
Supporting infant growth and development

Older Adults

As people age, their ability to absorb calcium and produce vitamin D from sunlight decreases. This makes supplementation particularly important for older adults to maintain bone health and prevent conditions like osteoporosis.

Older adults should be aware of:

Increased calcium and vitamin D requirements
Potential interactions with medications commonly prescribed to older adults
The importance of combining supplementation with weight-bearing exercises for optimal bone health

Individuals with Certain Medical Conditions

People with specific medical conditions may have special considerations when it comes to calcium and vitamin D supplementation:

Individuals with kidney disease may need to limit calcium intake
Those with a history of kidney stones should consult their healthcare provider before supplementing
People with malabsorption disorders may require higher doses or different forms of supplements

In these cases, it’s crucial to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate supplementation strategy.

Choosing the Right Calcium and Vitamin D Supplement

With numerous calcium and vitamin D supplements available on the market, selecting the right one can be challenging. Here are some factors to consider when choosing a supplement:

Types of Calcium

Different forms of calcium are available in supplements, including:

Calcium carbonate: The most common and least expensive form
Calcium citrate: More easily absorbed, especially for older adults or those with low stomach acid
Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate: Less concentrated forms of calcium

Which type of calcium is best absorbed by the body? Calcium citrate is generally considered to be the most easily absorbed form, particularly for those with reduced stomach acid production. However, the best choice may vary depending on individual factors and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Vitamin D Forms

Vitamin D supplements typically come in two forms:

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

Vitamin D3 is generally considered more effective at raising and maintaining vitamin D levels in the body.

Additional Ingredients

Some calcium and vitamin D supplements may contain additional ingredients that can enhance their effectiveness or provide additional benefits:

Magnesium: Helps with calcium absorption and utilization
Vitamin K: Supports proper calcium distribution in the body
Zinc: Contributes to overall bone health

When choosing a supplement, consider your individual needs and consult with a healthcare provider to determine which additional ingredients, if any, may be beneficial for you.

Quality and Brand Considerations

To ensure you’re getting a high-quality supplement:

Look for products that have been third-party tested for purity and potency
Choose reputable brands with good manufacturing practices
Check for certifications from organizations like USP (United States Pharmacopeia) or NSF International

Remember that the most expensive supplement isn’t always the best choice. Focus on finding a reliable product that meets your specific needs and budget.

By considering these factors and consulting with a healthcare provider, you can select a calcium and vitamin D supplement that best supports your bone health and overall well-being. Regular use of these supplements, combined with a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle, can contribute significantly to maintaining strong bones and preventing calcium-related health issues throughout your life.

Calcium and Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D)

Brand Names:Calcarb with D, Calcet, Calcet Petites, Calcio Del Mar, Calcitrate with D, Calcium 500+D

By Julie Lynn MarksMedically Reviewed by Sanjai Sinha, MD

Reviewed: November 17, 2020

Calcium and vitamin D combination is a supplement that helps promote bone health, treat a calcium deficiency, and protect against osteoporosis.

Calcium is a natural mineral that plays a role in the body’s bone formation process. Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium.

This supplement is sold under many different brands and is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) product.

uses

What is Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D) used for?

Osteoporosis
Dietary Supplement

warnings

What is the most important information I should know about Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D)?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if this medicine is safe to use if you have:

kidney disease;
kidney stones;
heart disease;
cancer;
high levels of calcium in your blood;
circulation problems; or
a parathyroid gland disorder.

Ask a doctor before using this product if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy or while you are nursing.

Side Effects

What are the side effects of Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D)?

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have signs of too much calcium in your body, such as:

nausea, vomiting, constipation;
increased thirst or urination;
muscle weakness, bone pain; or
confusion, lack of energy, or feeling tired.

Common side effects may include:

an irregular heartbeat;
weakness, drowsiness, headache;
dry mouth, or a metallic taste in your mouth; or
muscle or bone pain.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Can I take Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D) if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?

Risk cannot be ruled out

Based on FDA pregnancy categories

Ask a doctor before using this product if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy or while you are nursing.

Interactions

What drugs and food should I avoid while taking Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D)?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking any multivitamins, mineral supplements, or antacids while you are taking calcium and vitamin D combination.

Dosage Guidelines & Tips

How to take Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D)?

Use Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

What should I do if I missed a dose of Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D)?

Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.

Overdose Signs

What happens if I overdose on Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D)?

If you think you or someone else may have overdosed on: Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D), call your doctor or the Poison Control center

(800) 222-1222

If someone collapses or isn’t breathing after taking Calcium And Vitamin D Combination (Calcium 500+D), call 911

911

What to Expect

You may experience mild side effects, such as minor gas or constipation, when taking calcium and vitamin D combination. If this occurs, try increasing your fluid intake or switching to a different brand.

Secondary Uses

Calcium and vitamin D combination may be used for purposes that aren’t listed in this guide.

Images

CALCET, MPC

Color: yellow

Shape: rectangular

Form: film coated

Imprint: CALCET, MPC

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Medical Disclaimer

Drugs A-Z provides drug information from Everyday Health and our partners, as well as ratings from our members, all in one place. Cerner Multum™ provides the data within some of the Overview, Uses, Warnings, Side Effects, Pregnancy, Interactions, Dosage, Overdose, and Images sections. The information within all other sections is proprietary to Everyday Health.

Calcium and vitamin D combination Uses, Side Effects & Warnings

Generic name: calcium and vitamin D combination [ KAL-see-um-and-VYE-ta-min-D ]
Brand names: Calcitrate with D, Caltrate 600+D Soft Chews, Citracal + D, Os-Cal Extra D3, Oystercal-D,
… show all 50 brands
UpCal D, Os-Cal 250 with D, Oysco D, Dical-D, Calcet, Oyster Shell Calcium with Vitamin D, O-Cal-D, Oyster-D, Oyst-Cal-D, Caltro with Vitamin D, Oysco 500 with D, Oysco D with Calcium, Os-Cal with D, Calcarb with D, Posture-D H/P, Dical Captabs, Dicalphos plus D, Os-Cal 500 with D, Caltrate 600 with D Plus Soy, Caltrate Colon Health, Calvite P/D, Sedecal D, Chewable Calcium with Vitamin D, Osteocit D Plus, Os-Cal 500 + D, Citracal Petites, Citracal Creamy Bites, Citracal 250 mg + D, Calcio Del Mar, Citrus Calcium with Vitamin D, Calcium 600+D, Risacal-D, Liquid Calcium with Vitamin D, Citracal Maximum + D, Citracal Calcium + D Slow Release 1200, Citracal Calcium Gummies, Caltrate Gummy Bites, Super Calcium 600 + D3 400, Os-Cal Calcium+D3, Caltrate 600 + D, Citracal Regular, Calcet Petites, Calcium 500+D, D3 with Calcium, Calcium Plus Vitamin D3

Dosage forms: oral capsule (600 mg-5 mcg), oral powder for reconstitution (500 mg-12. 5 mcg/5 g), oral tablet ((as carbonate and lactate) 200 mg-6.25 mcg,
… show all 19 dosage forms
117 mg-3.325 mcg, 200 mg-6.25 mcg, 250 mg-3.125 mcg, 250 mg-5 mcg, 315 mg-5 mcg, 315 mg-6.25 mcg, 500 mg-10 mcg, 500 mg-15 mcg, 500 mg-3.125 mcg, 500 mg-5 mcg, 600 mg-10 mcg, 600 mg-20 mcg, 600 mg-3.125 mcg, 600 mg-5 mcg), oral tablet, chewable (250 mg-10 mcg; 250 mg-12.5 mcg; 500 mg-10 mcg; 500 mg-2.5 mcg; 600 mg-20 mcg), oral tablet, extended release (600 mg-12.5 mcg)

Drug class: Vitamin and mineral combinations

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on May 22, 2023. Written by Cerner Multum.

What is calcium and vitamin D combination?

Calcium is a mineral that is necessary for many functions of the body, especially bone formation and maintenance. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium.

Calcium and vitamin D combination is used to treat or prevent a calcium deficiency.

There are many brands and forms of calcium and vitamin D combination available. Not all brands are listed on this leaflet.

Calcium and vitamin D combination may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Warnings

Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use.

Before taking this medicine

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if calcium and vitamin D combination is safe to use if you have:

kidney disease;
kidney stones;
heart disease;
cancer;
high levels of calcium in your blood;
circulation problems; or
a parathyroid gland disorder.

Ask a doctor before using this product if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy or while you are nursing.

How should I take calcium and vitamin D combination?

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Check the label of your calcium and vitamin D combination product to see if it should be taken with or without food.

Take the regular tablet with a full glass of water.

The chewable tablet must be chewed before you swallow it.

Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow it whole.

Calcium and vitamin D may be only part of a complete program of treatment that also includes dietary changes. Learn about the foods that contain calcium and vitamin D.

Your supplement dose may need to be adjusted as you make changes to your diet. Follow your doctor’s instructions very closely.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while taking calcium and vitamin D combination?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking any multivitamins, mineral supplements, or antacids while you are taking calcium and vitamin D combination.

Calcium and vitamin D combination side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have signs of too much calcium in your body, such as:

nausea, vomiting, constipation;
increased thirst or urination;
muscle weakness, bone pain; or
confusion, lack of energy, or feeling tired.

Common side effects of calcium and vitamin D combination may include:

an irregular heartbeat;
weakness, drowsiness, headache;
dry mouth, or a metallic taste in your mouth; or
muscle or bone pain.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Calcium and vitamin D combination dosing information

Usual Adult Dose for Osteoporosis:

Calcium – General Range: 1000 mg to 1300 mg daily

Vitamin D – General Range: 200 international units to 800 international units daily

Note: While much larger vitamin D dosages have been recommended as a single agent, many calcium-vitamin D combination supplements will contain approximately 200 international units to 400 international units of vitamin D per dose.

Usual Adult Dose for Dietary Supplement:

Calcium – General Range: 1000 mg to 1300 mg daily

Vitamin D – General Range: 200 international units to 800 international units daily

What other drugs will affect calcium and vitamin D combination?

Calcium can make it harder for your body to absorb certain medicines, and some medicines can make it harder for your body to absorb vitamin D. If you take other medications, take them at least 2 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after you take calcium and vitamin D combination.

Other drugs may affect calcium and vitamin D combination, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using.

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Patient resources

Patient Information
Calcium and Vitamin D Chewable Tablets
Calcium and Vitamin D Liquid
Calcium and Vitamin D Powder

Other brands

Caltrate 600+D, Citracal + D, Oystercal-D, Os-Cal Calcium+D3, . .. +4 more

Related treatment guides

Dietary Supplementation
Osteoporosis

Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

Calcium-D3-MIC – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: capsules, 166.7 mg + 66.7 IU

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Calcium-D3-MIK (capsules, 166. 7 mg + 66.7 IU), instructions for medical use RU No. LSR-000019/09

Active substance
ATX
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Pharmacological group
Dosage form
Compound
pharmachologic effect
Description of the dosage form
Pharmacokinetics
Indications
Contraindications
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Overdose
special instructions
Release form
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
Storage conditions
Best before date
Order in Moscow pharmacies
Reviews

Active ingredient

Calcium carbonate + Colecalciferol (Calcium carbonate + Colecalciferol)

ATX

A12AX Calcium preparations in combination with vitamin D and/or other preparations

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Pharmacological group

Vitamins and vitamin-like products in combinations

Bone and cartilage metabolism correctors in combinations

Dosage form

Capsules.

Composition

1
capsule contains:

Active ingredients:

Calcium
carbonate – 416.3 mg (in terms of calcium – 166.7 mg),
colecalciferol type 100 CWS – 0.667 mg (in terms of
colecalciferol – 0.001667 mg (66.7 IU)).

Composition
cholecalciferol type 100 CWS: cholecalciferol crystalline, α‑tocopherol,
soybean oil, corn starch, hydrolyzed gelatin, sucrose.

Excipient:

Starch
potato.

Composition of the gelatin capsule shell:

Composition
hard gelatin capsule bodies: gelatin, purified water, titanium dioxide
E171; composition of the cap of a hard gelatin capsule: gelatin, purified water,
titanium dioxide E171, alluring red dye E129, dye
quinoline yellow E104.

Combined
drug, the action of which is due to its constituent components.
Regulates the exchange of calcium and phosphate ions, reduces resorption and increases
bone density, compensates for the lack of calcium ions and vitamin D ₃
in the body, enhances the absorption of calcium ions in the intestine and reabsorption
phosphate in the kidneys, promotes bone mineralization.

Calcium
carbonate is involved in the formation of bone tissue, blood clotting,
in maintaining stable cardiac activity, in the implementation of processes
transmission of nerve impulses. The use of calcium and vitamin D ₃
prevents an increase in the production of parathyroid hormone, which is
stimulator of increased bone resorption.

Description of dosage form

Capsules
hard, gelatinous No. 0 cylindrical shape with hemispherical ends
with white body and orange lid.

Content
capsules – powder of white or almost white color.

Pharmacokinetics

Vitamin D ₃
absorbed in the small intestine. Calcium is absorbed in ionized form
in the proximal small intestine through active
transport mechanism.

Readings

–
Prevention and
treatment and deficiency of calcium and/or vitamin D ₃ .

–
With insufficient
intake of calcium and vitamin D ₃ into the body against the background
malnutrition.

–
With increased
body needs for calcium and vitamin D ₃
during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as in children over 12
years during a period of intensive growth.

–
Prevention and
as part of the complex therapy of osteoporosis (menopausal, senile,
“steroid”, idiopathic, etc.).

Contraindications

–
Hypercalcemia
(increased concentration of calcium in the blood).

–
Hypercalciuria
(increased calcium in the urine).

–
Nephurolithiasis.

–
Hypervitaminosis
vitamin D ₃ .

–
Increased
sensitivity to the components of the drug.

–
severe renal
failure.

–
active form
tuberculosis.

–
Sarcoidosis.

–
Osteoporosis,
caused by immobilization.

–
Urolithiasis
disease.

–
Atherosclerosis.

–
Childhood
up to 12 years old.

With caution

Renal
insufficiency, benign granulomatosis, taking glycosides and thiazide
diuretics, pregnancy, lactation.

Use in pregnancy and lactation

Daily
the dose should not exceed 1500 mg calcium and 600 IU vitamin D ₃.
Hypercalcemia developing against the background of an overdose during pregnancy
can cause defects in the mental and physical development of the child.

Vitamin D ₃
and its metabolites can pass into breast milk, therefore, it is necessary to take into account
intake of calcium and vitamin D ₃ from other sources in the mother
and child. An overdose during pregnancy may lead to
mental and physical development of the child.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Adults and children over 12:
2-3 capsules 2 times a day, morning and evening, mainly
while eating.

Side effects

Allergic
reactions, dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (constipation or diarrhea, flatulence,
nausea, abdominal pain), hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria (increased
calcium in blood or urine).