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Side effects of sodium phosphate: Potassium And Sodium Phosphate (Oral Route) Side Effects

Sodium Phosphates Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Warnings:

Rarely, serious kidney problems have occurred with the use of this product. Heart failure, kidney disease, bowel problems (such as blockage, ulcerative colitis), or being older than 55 years can increase the risk. Taking certain medications that can affect the kidneys (see Drug Interactions section) can also increase the risk. If any of these cautions apply to you, talk with your doctor before using this drug.

Warnings:

Rarely, serious kidney problems have occurred with the use of this product. Heart failure, kidney disease, bowel problems (such as blockage, ulcerative colitis), or being older than 55 years can increase the risk. Taking certain medications that can affect the kidneys (see Drug Interactions section) can also increase the risk. If any of these cautions apply to you, talk with your doctor before using this drug.

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Uses

This medication may be used to relieve occasional constipation. However, when treating constipation, you should use milder products (such as stool softeners, bulk-forming laxatives) whenever possible. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other treatment options. Your doctor may also prescribe this product (usually along with other products) to clean stool from the intestines before surgery or certain bowel procedures (such as colonoscopy, radiography). Use it only as directed by your doctor.Sodium phosphate is a saline laxative that is thought to work by increasing fluid in the small intestine. It usually results in a bowel movement after 30 minutes to 6 hours.Do not use this medication in children younger than 5 years of age unless directed by the doctor.

How to use Sodium Phosphates Solution

Read and follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. To improve the taste, this product may be chilled in the refrigerator before use. Do not freeze. Mix your dose in 8 ounces (240 milliliters) of liquid and drink the mixed solution. Since your bowel movements can be very large/watery, drink plenty of clear liquids so that you do not become dehydrated.

If your doctor has directed you to use this product before surgery or a bowel procedure, your doctor should tell you how long before the surgery/procedure you should take this product. Follow your doctor’s directions closely. After taking the medication, drink plenty of clear liquids as directed by your doctor. Doing so will help prevent serious side effects (such as kidney problems, dehydration). Talk with your doctor about types of liquids you can drink before your procedure.

Dosage is based on your medical condition, procedure, age, and response to treatment. Do not take more of this medication than directed, use this medication more often than once in 24 hours, or use this medication for more than 3 days unless directed by your doctor. Also, do not use any other laxative products while using this product unless directed by your doctor. Doing so may increase your risk for severe side effects.

If you are seeing a doctor for any medical problems, are on a salt-restricted diet, or if you are taking any other medications, do not use this medication to treat yourself for constipation without consulting your doctor.

This medication may cause a condition known as laxative dependence, especially if it has been used regularly for a long time. In such cases, ongoing constipation and loss of normal bowel function may occur. For most people with occasional constipation, a bulk-forming laxative (such as psyllium) or a stool softener (such as docusate) is a better and safer product. To prevent laxative dependence, consult your doctor if you need to use this medication or other laxative products for more than 7 days.

Stop using this product and contact your doctor promptly if you do not have a bowel movement within 6 hours of using this product, if you have symptoms of dehydration (see Side Effects section), if you bleed from the rectum, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem.

Side Effects

Mild abdominal discomfort/cramps, gas, or nausea may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, contact your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has directed you to use this product, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this product do not have serious side effects.

Diarrhea that doesn’t stop may result in dehydration. This may cause serious side effects to the kidneys and heart. Contact your doctor promptly if you notice any symptoms of dehydration, such as unusual dry mouth/increased thirst, lack of tears, dizziness/lightheadedness, or pale/wrinkled skin.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: stomach/abdominal pain that is severe or doesn’t go away, diarrhea that doesn’t stop, signs of kidney problems (such as change in the amount of urine), bloody stools, rectal bleeding, mental/mood changes (such as confusion, unusual drowsiness), muscle weakness/spasm, swelling of the hands/ankles/feet.

Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: chest pain, slow/irregular/fast heartbeat, seizures.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before taking sodium phosphate, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: dehydration, high/low levels of certain minerals in the blood (such as potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphate), kidney disease, current stomach/abdominal symptoms (such as nausea/vomiting that doesn’t stop, pain, cramping), bowel problems (such as blockage, ulcerative colitis, hemorrhoids), laxative use for constipation in the past week, heart disease (such as heart failure, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, edema), liver disease, sodium-restricted diet.

Consult your doctor before using this product if you have had a sudden change in bowel habits lasting more than 2 weeks or if you need to use a laxative daily for more than 1 week. These could be symptoms of a serious medical problem.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

Young children may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially dehydration and kidney problems.

Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially dehydration and kidney problems.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: burosumab, other drugs that may affect the kidneys (for example, ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril, ARBs such as valsartan, diuretics/”water pills” such as furosemide/hydrochlorothiazide, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen/naproxen).

The watery bowel movements from sodium phosphate may cause your body to absorb less of your regular medicines and get less benefit from them. Consult your doctor or pharmacist about how to reduce this effect.

Does Sodium Phosphates Solution interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: muscle weakness, fast/slow/irregular heartbeat, mental/mood changes (such as confusion).

Lab and/or medical tests (such as kidney function, blood mineral levels) may be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

To maintain normal bowel habits, it is important to drink plenty of fluids (four to six 8-ounce glasses daily), eat foods high in fiber, and exercise regularly.

Not applicable.

Refer to storage information on the package label. If you have any questions about storage, ask your pharmacist. Do not freeze. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all drug products away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

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Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Is It Bad for You?

Sodium Phosphate in Food: Is It Bad for You?

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Medically reviewed by Natalie Butler, R. D., L.D. — By Corey Whelan — Updated on September 18, 2018

Overview

Sodium phosphate is an umbrella term that refers to multiple combinations of sodium (salt) and phosphate (an inorganic, salt-forming chemical). Food-grade sodium phosphate is recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as safe for consumption. It is often used as an additive in processed food manufacturing. It’s also an ingredient in many household products and medications. For some people, sodium phosphate may be used to prepare the bowel prior to colonoscopy.

Sodium phosphate can be found in fast food, deli meat, processed meat, canned tuna, baked goods, and other manufactured foods. It serves a variety of functions:

  • It thickens food. It stabilizes the texture of processed foods, such as mashed potato mixes.
  • It cures meat and meat products. It helps to keep deli meats and bacon moist, avoiding spoilage.
  • It’s a leavening agent. It helps dough rise in commercially prepared cakes and breads and in cake mixes.
  • It’s an emulsifying agent. It acts as a stabilizer to keep oil and water mixed together in certain types of food, such as processed cheese.
  • It balances pH levels in processed food. It stabilizes the balance between acidity and alkalinity, extending shelf life and improving taste.

Food-grade sodium phosphate is categorized by the FDA as GRAS, which means “generally recognized as safe.” This may be because the amount of sodium phosphate added to processed food, is relatively low.

One study found that sodium phosphate, when used as a food additive, can impact health differently than naturally occurring phosphate. This is because it’s absorbed differently by the body. According to the abstract, high levels of phosphate may elevate mortality rates for the general public, as well as for those with kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Researchers linked high phosphate levels to accelerated aging and vascular damage. The researchers recommended that people eat foods with naturally occurring phosphates, rather than those with added sodium phosphate.

Some athletes take sodium phosphate as a supplement to enhance performance. However, a study, reported in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, found that supplementation with sodium phosphate did not improve aerobic ability in athletes.

Side effects from an overdose of sodium phosphate may include:

  • vomiting
  • headache
  • reduced urine output
  • bloating
  • abdominal pain
  • dizziness
  • irregular heartbeat
  • seizure

Talk to your doctor about your use of sodium phosphate, particularly if you take it as a supplement or eat a large amount of processed or fast food.

People with certain conditions should avoid taking this substance. These include:

  • kidney disease
  • intestinal tears or blockages
  • colitis, or slow moving bowels
  • heart failure
  • an allergy to sodium phosphate

Your doctor may also recommend reducing your intake if you are currently on certain medications. Prior to taking it, make sure to discuss your medication history, including which herbal supplements you use, with your doctor.

Foods with naturally occurring sodium phosphate include:

  • nuts and legumes
  • meat
  • fish
  • poultry
  • eggs

Foods that may have added sodium phosphate include:

  • cured meat
  • deli meat
  • fast food
  • processed foods, such as ready-to-eat meals
  • commercially prepared baked goods and cake mixes
  • canned tuna

Sodium phosphate is naturally occurring in many foods. It’s also added to foods to maintain freshness, alter texture, and achieve a variety of other effects. Sodium phosphate is considered safe by the FDA but should be avoided by certain people, including those with kidney disease. Make sure to talk to your doctor if you are concerned about your sodium phosphate intake or before using it as a supplement.

Last medically reviewed on December 22, 2017

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

  • Buck CL, et al. Sodium phosphate as an ergogenic aid. (2013). DOI:
    10.1007/s40279-013-0042-0
  • CFR – Code of federal regulations title 21. (2017).
    accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • FDA drug safety communication: FDA warns of possible harm from exceeding recommended dose of over-the-counter sodium phosphate products to treat constipation. (2016).
    fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm380757.htm
  • Hoffmanová I, et al. (2013). Serious risk related to use of sodium phosphate solution.
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24350942
  • Phosphates in everyday living. (n.d.).
    phosphatesfacts.org/what-are-phosphates/
  • Potassium and sodium phosphate (oral route). (2017).
    mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/potassium-and-sodium-phosphate-oral-route/description/drg-20074868
  • Ritz E, et al. (2012). Phosphate additives in food – a health risk. DOI:
    10.3238/arztebl.2012.0049
  • Sodium phosphate. (2016).
    medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a609019.html
  • West JS, et al. (2012). The effect of 6 days of sodium phosphate supplementation on appetite, energy intake and aerobic capacity in trained men and women.
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22804972

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Medically reviewed by Natalie Butler, R.D., L.D. — By Corey Whelan — Updated on September 18, 2018

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Sodium phosphate – instructions for use

sodium phosphate

Instruction:

  • Pharmacological action
  • Readings
  • Contraindications
  • Dosage and Administration
  • Side effects
  • Classification

Pharmacological action

Laxative, increases osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen and stimulates peristalsis. The time of onset of the effect is 3-5 minutes after administration.

Indications

Constipation, preparation for endoscopic, radiopaque examination of the gastrointestinal tract, operations, childbirth; postoperative period.

Contraindications

Acute hemorrhoids, anal fissures, acute inflammatory and/or ulcerative lesions of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Dosage and administration

Rectally (using a special enema), adults – 120 ml, children – 40-60 ml. It is recommended to keep in the intestines for 8-10 minutes.

Side effects

Local irritant, allergic reactions.

Classification

  • ATX

    A06AD17, A06AG01, B05XA09, V03AG05

  • Pharmacological group

    Laxatives

  • ICD codes 10

    K59. 0 Constipation

    K94 Diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

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Read more about

Learn more about the active substance Sodium phosphate:

  • Reviews
  • Questions
  • Latin name
  • Chemical formula

Information about the active substance Sodium phosphate is intended for medical and pharmaceutical professionals, for reference purposes only. The instructions are not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The information contained here may change over time. The most accurate information on the use of preparations containing the active substance Sodium phosphate is contained in the manufacturer’s instructions attached to the package.

Dexamethasone (eye drops) – instructions for use of the medicinal product azone

Dosage form

Eye drops 1 mg/ml 10 ml

Composition

1 ml contains:

active substance – dexamethasone sodium phosphate in terms of 100% dry matter 1.0 mg;

excipients: boric acid, sodium tetraborate, disodium edetate, benzalkonium chloride, water for injection.

Description

Clear colorless liquid

Pharmacotherapeutic group 9 0084

Preparations for the treatment of eye diseases. Anti-inflammatory drugs. Glucocorticosteroids. Dexamethasone. ATX code S01BA01

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

underwent cataract surgery. The maximum level of dexamethasone in the intraocular fluid, equal to approximately 30 ng/ml, was reached within 2 hours. Then there was a decrease in concentration with a half-life of 3 hours.

Dexamethasone is excreted from the body by metabolism. Approximately 60% of the dose is excreted in the urine as 6-β-hydrohydexamethasone. No unchanged dexamethasone was found in the urine. The elimination half-life from plasma is relatively short – 3-4 hours. Dexamethasone is approximately 77-84% bound to serum albumin. Clearance ranges from 0.111 to 0.225 l / h / kg, the volume of distribution ranges from 0.576 to 1.15 l / kg. The bioavailability of dexamethasone when administered orally is approximately 70%.

Pharmacodynamics

Corticosteroids have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting endothelial cell vascular adhesion molecules, cyclooxygenase I or II and releasing cytokines. As a result, the formation of inflammatory mediators is reduced and the adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium is inhibited, thus preventing their penetration into the inflamed tissues of the eye. Dexamethasone has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect with reduced mineralocorticoid effects compared to some other steroids and is one of the most potent anti-inflammatory drugs.

Indications

  • Treatment of steroid-sensitive non-infectious inflammatory and allergic conditions of the conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the eye, including inflammatory reactions in the postoperative period.

Dosage and administration

Use in adults, including elderly patients.

For severe or acute inflammation, instill 1-2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 1-2 hours as initial therapy.

In case of a positive effect, the dose should be reduced to 1-2 drops in the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 2-4 hours.

The dose can then be reduced to 1 drop 3-4 times a day if this dose is sufficient to control inflammation.

If the desired result is not achieved within 3-4 days, additional systemic or subconjunctival therapy may be prescribed.

For chronic inflammation, the dose is 1 or 2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 3 to 6 hours, or more often if needed.

For allergies or minor inflammation, the dose is 1-2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 3-4 hours until the desired effect is achieved.

Duration of application varies from a few days to 2 weeks.

Do not stop therapy prematurely (see section “Special Instructions” ).

It is recommended to constantly monitor intraocular pressure.

Careful eyelid closure or nasolacrimal occlusion is recommended after instillation. This reduces the systemic absorption of drugs injected into the eye, which reduces the chance of systemic side effects.

If several topical ocular medicines are used at the same time, the interval between their use should be at least 5 minutes. Eye ointments should be applied last.

Use for disorders of the liver and kidneys.

Dexamethasone has not been studied in patients with kidney or liver disease. However, due to the low systemic absorption of dexamethasone after topical use of this drug, dose adjustment is not necessary.

How to use.

Shake well before use.

To prevent contamination of the edge of the dropper and suspension, care must be taken not to touch the eyelid, adjacent areas or other surfaces with the edge of the dropper bottle.

Attention! Do not screw cap tightly before use! Screw the bottle cap on as far as possible before first use. In this case, the spike, which is located on the inside of the cap, pierces the hole. Immediately before use, hold the vial with the drug in the palm of your hand to warm it to body temperature. Unscrew the cap, remove and, slightly pressing on the bottle body, drip the solution into the eye. After instillation of the drug, screw the cap tightly and store the drug according to the recommendations given in the instructions.

Side effects

From the immune system: hypersensitivity.

From the nervous system: dysgeusia, dizziness, headache.

On the part of the organs of vision: discomfort in the eyes, keratitis, conjunctivitis, dry keratoconjunctivitis, corneal coloration, photophobia, blurred vision, itching of the eyes, sensation of a foreign body in the eyes, increased lacrimation, unusual sensation in the eyes, formation of scales at the edges of the eyelids, eye irritation, eye hyperemia, increased intraocular pressure, decreased visual acuity, corneal erosion, eyelid ptosis, eye pain, mydriasis.
Long-term use of topical corticosteroids in the eye can lead to increased eye pressure with subsequent damage to the optic nerve, deterioration of visual acuity and visual field, as well as the formation of posterior subcapsular cataracts ).

Since the drug contains corticosteroids, in the presence of diseases leading to thinning of the cornea or sclera, the risk of perforation increases after prolonged use.

Corticosteroids may reduce resistance to infections (see section “Special Instructions” ).

Contraindications

  • hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the components of the preparation
  • acute untreated bacterial infections
  • Acute superficial keratitis due to herpes simplex
  • vaccinia and varicella and other viral infections of the cornea and conjunctiva (excluding herpes zoster keratitis)
  • fungal diseases of the structures of the eye
  • mycobacterial infections of the eye
  • eye tuberculosis
  • children under 18 years of age
  • pregnancy and lactation

Drug interactions

No specific drug interaction studies have been conducted with Dexamethasone, eye drops.

There are known cases of interaction associated with the systemic use of dexamethasone. However, the systemic absorption of dexamethasone from topical ophthalmic use is low, so the risk of drug interactions is minimal.

When using more than one topical ophthalmic drug, the interval between doses should be at least 5 minutes.

Special instructions

  • For ophthalmic use only.
  • Long-term use of topical corticosteroids in the eye can lead to ocular hypertension and/or glaucoma with subsequent damage to the optic nerve, deterioration of visual acuity and visual field, as well as the formation of posterior subcapsular cataracts. Patients with prolonged use of corticosteroids locally in the eye should constantly and regularly monitor intraocular pressure.
  • Corticosteroids may reduce resistance to bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, interfere with the detection of such infections, and mask the clinical signs of infection by preventing the detection of antibiotic failure. With persistent formation of corneal ulcers, the possibility of a fungal infection in patients who have been or are being treated with corticosteroids should be considered. Treatment should be discontinued if a fungal infection occurs.
  • Corticosteroids applied topically to the eye may delay the healing of corneal wounds.
  • It is known that in the presence of diseases that lead to thinning of the cornea or sclera, topical application of corticosteroids can cause perforation.
  • The drug should be used with extreme caution and only in combination with antiviral therapy in the treatment of stromal keratitis or uveitis caused by herpes simplex; it is necessary to periodically carry out biomicroscopy using a slit lamp.
  • It is not recommended to wear contact lenses during the treatment of inflammation of the eye.
  • In addition, this preparation contains benzalkonium chloride, which may cause eye irritation and is known to discolour soft contact lenses. Contact with soft contact lenses should be avoided. Patients should be warned to remove contact lenses before using Dexamethasone eye drops and wait 15 minutes after instillation before inserting contact lenses.
  • Treatment should not be stopped prematurely, as abrupt discontinuation of topical treatment with high doses of steroids may cause re-inflammation of the eye.

Pediatric use

The efficacy and safety of the drug in children have not been established.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Use of the drug during pregnancy is not recommended.

Systemic administration of corticosteroids results in their appearance in human breast milk in quantities that may affect the child who is breastfed. However, with topical application of the drug, systemic manifestations are low. It is not known whether Dexamethasone passes into breast milk. A risk to a breastfed child cannot be excluded. Consideration should be given to temporarily stopping breastfeeding while using Dexamethasone or stopping/abstaining from drug therapy, given the potential benefit of the drug for the mother and the benefit of breastfeeding for the child.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles and potentially dangerous mechanisms

Dexamethasone does not affect or slightly affects the ability to drive vehicles or other mechanisms. As with other eye drops, temporary blurred vision or other visual disturbances may affect the ability to drive or use machines. If blurred vision occurs during instillation, the patient should wait until vision clears before driving or operating machinery.

Overdose

There are no reports of any severe systemic reactions due to drug overdose.

In case of overdose when applied topically, rinse eye(s) with warm water to remove drug residue.

There is no specific antidote for topical corticosteroids.

Treatment of is symptomatic.

Presentation and packaging

10 ml in polyethylene vials, sealed with caps.

A self-adhesive label is attached to the vial.

The bottle, together with the instructions for medical use, is placed in a cardboard box.

Storage conditions

Store in the original container between 2°C and 8°C.

Keep out of reach of children.

Shelf life

3 years

After opening the vial, the drug is valid for 28 days.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the package.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

By prescription

Producer

Farmak PJSC, Ukraine, 0408 0, Kiev, st. Frunze, 74.

Registration certificate holder

Farmak PJSC, Ukraine

Name, address and contact details of the organization on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan that accepts claims from consumers regarding the quality of products (goods) and is responsible for post-registration monitoring of the safety of the medicinal product

Representative office of PJSC Farmak in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, index 050012, st.