What are the side effects of sodium phosphate? How can it affect your health? Get the answers to these questions and more in this detailed article.

Sodium Phosphate: An Overview

Sodium phosphate is a saline laxative used to relieve occasional constipation. It works by increasing fluid in the small intestine, which usually results in a bowel movement within 30 minutes to 6 hours. This medication may also be prescribed by doctors to clean stool from the intestines before surgery or certain bowel procedures, such as a colonoscopy or radiography.

Warnings and Precautions

Rarely, the use of this product can lead to serious kidney problems. Certain factors can increase the risk, including heart failure, kidney disease, bowel problems (such as blockage or ulcerative colitis), or being older than 55 years. Taking certain medications that can affect the kidneys can also increase the risk. If any of these cautions apply to you, it’s important to talk with your doctor before using this drug.

How to Use Sodium Phosphates Safely

When using sodium phosphates, it’s crucial to follow the directions on the product package carefully. The medication should be mixed in 8 ounces (240 milliliters) of liquid and consumed. Drinking plenty of clear liquids is also recommended to prevent dehydration. The dosage and duration of use should be based on your medical condition, age, and response to treatment. Do not take more than directed or use this medication for more than 3 days without consulting your doctor.

Potential Side Effects

Mild side effects of sodium phosphates may include abdominal discomfort, cramps, gas, or nausea. If these effects persist or worsen, it’s important to contact your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Diarrhea that doesn’t stop can result in dehydration, which can lead to serious side effects to the kidneys and heart. If you experience symptoms of dehydration, such as unusual dry mouth, increased thirst, lack of tears, dizziness, or pale/wrinkled skin, contact your doctor immediately.

Preventing Laxative Dependence

Prolonged use of sodium phosphates can lead to a condition known as laxative dependence, where ongoing constipation and loss of normal bowel function may occur. For most people with occasional constipation, a bulk-forming laxative or a stool softener is a better and safer option. If you need to use this medication or other laxatives for more than 7 days, it’s crucial to consult your doctor to prevent laxative dependence.

Key Considerations

When using sodium phosphates, it’s important to be aware of the potential risks and to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. If you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking other medications, it’s crucial to discuss this with your doctor before using this product. Proper hydration and monitoring for side effects are also essential to ensure safe and effective use.

What are the serious side effects of sodium phosphate?

The most serious side effects of sodium phosphate include kidney problems, dehydration, and heart issues. Rarely, the use of this product can lead to serious kidney problems, particularly in individuals with certain risk factors such as heart failure, kidney disease, bowel problems, or being over 55 years old. Dehydration is also a concern, as the diarrhea caused by sodium phosphates can lead to serious complications involving the kidneys and heart if not properly managed.

How long should you take sodium phosphate?

The duration of use for sodium phosphate should be based on your medical condition, age, and response to treatment. As a general guideline, you should not use this medication for more than 3 days without consulting your doctor. Prolonged use can lead to a condition called laxative dependence, which can result in ongoing constipation and loss of normal bowel function. For most people with occasional constipation, a bulk-forming laxative or stool softener is a safer and more appropriate long-term solution.

Who should not use sodium phosphate?

Certain individuals should not use sodium phosphate without first consulting their doctor. This includes those with heart failure, kidney disease, bowel problems (such as blockage or ulcerative colitis), or those over the age of 55. Additionally, anyone taking medications that can affect the kidneys should also discuss the use of sodium phosphate with their healthcare provider, as the combination can increase the risk of serious side effects.

What are the signs of dehydration from sodium phosphate?

The primary signs of dehydration from the use of sodium phosphate include an unusual dry mouth, increased thirst, lack of tears, dizziness or lightheadedness, and pale or wrinkled skin. If you experience any of these symptoms after taking sodium phosphate, it’s crucial to contact your doctor immediately, as dehydration can lead to serious complications involving the kidneys and heart.

How can you prevent laxative dependence with sodium phosphate?

To prevent laxative dependence when using sodium phosphate, it’s important to limit the duration of use to no more than 7 days, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. For most people with occasional constipation, a bulk-forming laxative or stool softener may be a safer and more appropriate long-term solution. If you find that you need to use sodium phosphate or other laxatives for more than 7 days, be sure to consult your doctor to discuss alternative treatment options and prevent the development of laxative dependence.

What should you do if you don’t have a bowel movement after taking sodium phosphate?

If you do not have a bowel movement within 6 hours of taking sodium phosphate, it’s important to contact your doctor promptly. Failure to have a bowel movement within the expected timeframe may be a sign of a more serious underlying issue that requires medical attention. Additionally, if you experience any bleeding from the rectum or have concerns that you may have a serious medical problem, you should also contact your doctor immediately.

Sodium Phosphates Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Warnings:

Rarely, serious kidney problems have occurred with the use of this product. Heart failure, kidney disease, bowel problems (such as blockage, ulcerative colitis), or being older than 55 years can increase the risk. Taking certain medications that can affect the kidneys (see Drug Interactions section) can also increase the risk. If any of these cautions apply to you, talk with your doctor before using this drug.

Warnings:

Rarely, serious kidney problems have occurred with the use of this product. Heart failure, kidney disease, bowel problems (such as blockage, ulcerative colitis), or being older than 55 years can increase the risk. Taking certain medications that can affect the kidneys (see Drug Interactions section) can also increase the risk. If any of these cautions apply to you, talk with your doctor before using this drug.

.. . Show More

Uses

This medication may be used to relieve occasional constipation. However, when treating constipation, you should use milder products (such as stool softeners, bulk-forming laxatives) whenever possible. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other treatment options. Your doctor may also prescribe this product (usually along with other products) to clean stool from the intestines before surgery or certain bowel procedures (such as colonoscopy, radiography). Use it only as directed by your doctor.Sodium phosphate is a saline laxative that is thought to work by increasing fluid in the small intestine. It usually results in a bowel movement after 30 minutes to 6 hours.Do not use this medication in children younger than 5 years of age unless directed by the doctor.

How to use Sodium Phosphates Solution

Read and follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. To improve the taste, this product may be chilled in the refrigerator before use. Do not freeze. Mix your dose in 8 ounces (240 milliliters) of liquid and drink the mixed solution. Since your bowel movements can be very large/watery, drink plenty of clear liquids so that you do not become dehydrated.

If your doctor has directed you to use this product before surgery or a bowel procedure, your doctor should tell you how long before the surgery/procedure you should take this product. Follow your doctor’s directions closely. After taking the medication, drink plenty of clear liquids as directed by your doctor. Doing so will help prevent serious side effects (such as kidney problems, dehydration). Talk with your doctor about types of liquids you can drink before your procedure.

Dosage is based on your medical condition, procedure, age, and response to treatment. Do not take more of this medication than directed, use this medication more often than once in 24 hours, or use this medication for more than 3 days unless directed by your doctor. Also, do not use any other laxative products while using this product unless directed by your doctor. Doing so may increase your risk for severe side effects.

If you are seeing a doctor for any medical problems, are on a salt-restricted diet, or if you are taking any other medications, do not use this medication to treat yourself for constipation without consulting your doctor.

This medication may cause a condition known as laxative dependence, especially if it has been used regularly for a long time. In such cases, ongoing constipation and loss of normal bowel function may occur. For most people with occasional constipation, a bulk-forming laxative (such as psyllium) or a stool softener (such as docusate) is a better and safer product. To prevent laxative dependence, consult your doctor if you need to use this medication or other laxative products for more than 7 days.

Stop using this product and contact your doctor promptly if you do not have a bowel movement within 6 hours of using this product, if you have symptoms of dehydration (see Side Effects section), if you bleed from the rectum, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem.

Side Effects

Mild abdominal discomfort/cramps, gas, or nausea may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, contact your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has directed you to use this product, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this product do not have serious side effects.

Diarrhea that doesn’t stop may result in dehydration. This may cause serious side effects to the kidneys and heart. Contact your doctor promptly if you notice any symptoms of dehydration, such as unusual dry mouth/increased thirst, lack of tears, dizziness/lightheadedness, or pale/wrinkled skin.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: stomach/abdominal pain that is severe or doesn’t go away, diarrhea that doesn’t stop, signs of kidney problems (such as change in the amount of urine), bloody stools, rectal bleeding, mental/mood changes (such as confusion, unusual drowsiness), muscle weakness/spasm, swelling of the hands/ankles/feet.

Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: chest pain, slow/irregular/fast heartbeat, seizures.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before taking sodium phosphate, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: dehydration, high/low levels of certain minerals in the blood (such as potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphate), kidney disease, current stomach/abdominal symptoms (such as nausea/vomiting that doesn’t stop, pain, cramping), bowel problems (such as blockage, ulcerative colitis, hemorrhoids), laxative use for constipation in the past week, heart disease (such as heart failure, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, edema), liver disease, sodium-restricted diet.

Consult your doctor before using this product if you have had a sudden change in bowel habits lasting more than 2 weeks or if you need to use a laxative daily for more than 1 week. These could be symptoms of a serious medical problem.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

Young children may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially dehydration and kidney problems.

Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially dehydration and kidney problems.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: burosumab, other drugs that may affect the kidneys (for example, ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril, ARBs such as valsartan, diuretics/”water pills” such as furosemide/hydrochlorothiazide, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen/naproxen).

The watery bowel movements from sodium phosphate may cause your body to absorb less of your regular medicines and get less benefit from them. Consult your doctor or pharmacist about how to reduce this effect.

Does Sodium Phosphates Solution interact with other drugs you are taking?

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Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: muscle weakness, fast/slow/irregular heartbeat, mental/mood changes (such as confusion).

Lab and/or medical tests (such as kidney function, blood mineral levels) may be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

To maintain normal bowel habits, it is important to drink plenty of fluids (four to six 8-ounce glasses daily), eat foods high in fiber, and exercise regularly.

Not applicable.

Refer to storage information on the package label. If you have any questions about storage, ask your pharmacist. Do not freeze. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all drug products away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

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Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Is It Bad for You?

Sodium Phosphate in Food: Is It Bad for You?

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Medically reviewed by Natalie Butler, R. D., L.D. — By Corey Whelan — Updated on September 18, 2018

Overview

Sodium phosphate is an umbrella term that refers to multiple combinations of sodium (salt) and phosphate (an inorganic, salt-forming chemical). Food-grade sodium phosphate is recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as safe for consumption. It is often used as an additive in processed food manufacturing. It’s also an ingredient in many household products and medications. For some people, sodium phosphate may be used to prepare the bowel prior to colonoscopy.

Sodium phosphate can be found in fast food, deli meat, processed meat, canned tuna, baked goods, and other manufactured foods. It serves a variety of functions:

• It thickens food. It stabilizes the texture of processed foods, such as mashed potato mixes.
• It cures meat and meat products. It helps to keep deli meats and bacon moist, avoiding spoilage.
• It’s a leavening agent. It helps dough rise in commercially prepared cakes and breads and in cake mixes.
• It’s an emulsifying agent. It acts as a stabilizer to keep oil and water mixed together in certain types of food, such as processed cheese.
• It balances pH levels in processed food. It stabilizes the balance between acidity and alkalinity, extending shelf life and improving taste.

Food-grade sodium phosphate is categorized by the FDA as GRAS, which means “generally recognized as safe.” This may be because the amount of sodium phosphate added to processed food, is relatively low.

One study found that sodium phosphate, when used as a food additive, can impact health differently than naturally occurring phosphate. This is because it’s absorbed differently by the body. According to the abstract, high levels of phosphate may elevate mortality rates for the general public, as well as for those with kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Researchers linked high phosphate levels to accelerated aging and vascular damage. The researchers recommended that people eat foods with naturally occurring phosphates, rather than those with added sodium phosphate.

Some athletes take sodium phosphate as a supplement to enhance performance. However, a study, reported in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, found that supplementation with sodium phosphate did not improve aerobic ability in athletes.

Side effects from an overdose of sodium phosphate may include:

• vomiting
• headache
• reduced urine output
• bloating
• abdominal pain
• dizziness
• irregular heartbeat
• seizure

Talk to your doctor about your use of sodium phosphate, particularly if you take it as a supplement or eat a large amount of processed or fast food.

People with certain conditions should avoid taking this substance. These include:

• kidney disease
• intestinal tears or blockages
• colitis, or slow moving bowels
• heart failure
• an allergy to sodium phosphate

Your doctor may also recommend reducing your intake if you are currently on certain medications. Prior to taking it, make sure to discuss your medication history, including which herbal supplements you use, with your doctor.

Foods with naturally occurring sodium phosphate include:

• nuts and legumes
• meat
• fish
• poultry
• eggs

Foods that may have added sodium phosphate include:

• cured meat
• deli meat
• fast food
• processed foods, such as ready-to-eat meals
• commercially prepared baked goods and cake mixes
• canned tuna

Sodium phosphate is naturally occurring in many foods. It’s also added to foods to maintain freshness, alter texture, and achieve a variety of other effects. Sodium phosphate is considered safe by the FDA but should be avoided by certain people, including those with kidney disease. Make sure to talk to your doctor if you are concerned about your sodium phosphate intake or before using it as a supplement.

Last medically reviewed on December 22, 2017

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Buck CL, et al. Sodium phosphate as an ergogenic aid. (2013). DOI:
  10.1007/s40279-013-0042-0
• CFR – Code of federal regulations title 21. (2017).
  accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
• FDA drug safety communication: FDA warns of possible harm from exceeding recommended dose of over-the-counter sodium phosphate products to treat constipation. (2016).
  fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm380757.htm
• Hoffmanová I, et al. (2013). Serious risk related to use of sodium phosphate solution.
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24350942
• Phosphates in everyday living. (n.d.).
  phosphatesfacts.org/what-are-phosphates/
• Potassium and sodium phosphate (oral route). (2017).
  mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/potassium-and-sodium-phosphate-oral-route/description/drg-20074868
• Ritz E, et al. (2012). Phosphate additives in food – a health risk. DOI:
  10.3238/arztebl.2012.0049
• Sodium phosphate. (2016).
  medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a609019.html
• West JS, et al. (2012). The effect of 6 days of sodium phosphate supplementation on appetite, energy intake and aerobic capacity in trained men and women.
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22804972

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Medically reviewed by Natalie Butler, R.D., L.D. — By Corey Whelan — Updated on September 18, 2018

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ICSC 1178 – SODIUM PHOSPHATE (ANHYDROUS)

ICSC 1178 – SODIUM PHOSPHATE (ANHYDROUS)

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Chinese – ZHEnglish – ENFinnish – FIFrench – FRGerman – DEHebrew – HEHungarian – HUItalian – ITJapanese – JAKorean – KOPersian – FAPolish – PLPortuguese – PTRussian – RUSpanish – ES

	SPECIAL HAZARDS	PREVENTIVE MEASURES	FIRE EXTINGUISHING
FIRE AND EXPLOSION	Not combustible. In a fire, releases irritating or toxic fumes (or gases).		In case of fire in work area, use appropriate extinguishing media.

PREVENT DUST! AVOID ANY CONTACT! IN ALL CASES, CONSULT A DOCTOR!
	SYMPTOMS	PREVENTIVE MEASURES	FIRST AID
Inhalation	Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensations. Confused breath.	Use local exhaust or respiratory protection.	Fresh air, peace. Semi-sitting position. Seek immediate medical attention.
Leather	Skin burns. Pain.	Protective clothing.	Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with plenty of water or take a shower for at least 15 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention.
Eyes	Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.	Use face mask or eye protection in combination with respiratory protection.	Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if possible without difficulty). Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion	Cough. A sore throat. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or severe weakness.	Do not eat, drink or smoke while working. Wash hands before eating.	Rinse your mouth. DO NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Rest. Seek medical attention.

LEAK DISPOSAL	CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING
Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Sweep spilled substance into closed containers. Carefully collect the rest. Then store and dispose of in accordance with local regulations.	According to UN GHS criteria DANGER Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Transport UN classification UN hazard class: 8; UN Packing Group: III
STORAGE
Separated from strong acids. Keep dry. Good to close.
PACK

(en)	Neither the ILO nor the WHO nor the European Union can be held responsible for the quality and accuracy of the translation or for the possible use of this information. © Russian version, 2018

Sodium phosphate – instructions for use

sodium phosphate

Instruction:

• Pharmacological action
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Dosage and Administration
• Side effects
• Classification

Pharmacological action

Laxative, increases the osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen and stimulates peristalsis. The time of onset of the effect is 3-5 minutes after administration.

Indications

Constipation, preparation for endoscopic, radiopaque examination of the gastrointestinal tract, operations, childbirth; postoperative period.

Contraindications

Acute hemorrhoids, anal fissures, acute inflammatory and/or ulcerative lesions of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Dosage and administration

Rectally (using a special enema), adults – 120 ml, children – 40-60 ml. It is recommended to keep in the intestines for 8-10 minutes.

Side effects

Local irritant, allergic reactions.

Classification

• ATX

  A06AD17, A06AG01, B05XA09, V03AG05

• Pharmacological group

  Laxatives

• ICD codes 10

  K59. 0 Constipation

  K94 Diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

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Learn more about the active substance Sodium phosphate:

• Reviews
• Questions
• Latin name
• Chemical formula

Information about the active substance Sodium phosphate is intended for medical and pharmaceutical professionals, for reference purposes only. The instructions are not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The information contained here may change over time.