Stress skipped period. Stress-Induced Missed Periods: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
How does stress impact menstrual cycles. What are the physiological mechanisms behind stress-related amenorrhea. Can lifestyle changes help regulate periods affected by stress. How to differentiate between stress-induced missed periods and other causes of amenorrhea.
The Interplay Between Stress and Menstrual Cycles
The human body is a complex system where various factors can influence physiological processes. One such intricate relationship exists between stress and the menstrual cycle. While some degree of stress can be beneficial, excessive stress can wreak havoc on various bodily functions, including menstruation.
Stress-induced changes in menstrual patterns are more common than many realize. These alterations can range from slight irregularities to complete cessation of periods, a condition known as secondary amenorrhea. Understanding this connection is crucial for women’s health and overall well-being.
How does stress affect the menstrual cycle?
Stress impacts the menstrual cycle through its influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. This complex system regulates the production and release of hormones essential for menstruation. When stress levels rise, it can disrupt the delicate balance of this axis, leading to various menstrual irregularities.
- Delayed ovulation
- Irregular periods
- Missed periods
- Changes in flow intensity or duration
The Science Behind Stress-Induced Menstrual Changes
To comprehend how stress affects menstruation, it’s essential to delve into the underlying physiological mechanisms. The hypothalamus, a small region in the brain, plays a pivotal role in this process. It acts as a control center, regulating various bodily functions, including the menstrual cycle.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in menstrual regulation?
The hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones, in turn, regulate the ovaries’ production of estrogen and progesterone, which are crucial for maintaining regular menstrual cycles.
When stress levels rise, the body releases cortisol, often referred to as the “stress hormone.” Elevated cortisol levels can suppress the functioning of the hypothalamus, leading to a decrease in GnRH production. This cascade effect can result in irregular or missed periods.
Recognizing Stress-Induced Menstrual Changes
Identifying whether stress is the culprit behind menstrual irregularities can be challenging, as various factors can influence the menstrual cycle. However, certain signs may indicate that stress is playing a significant role in disrupting your periods.
Are there specific symptoms of stress-related menstrual changes?
While individual experiences may vary, some common indicators of stress-induced menstrual changes include:
- Sudden changes in cycle length
- Unexplained missed periods
- Alterations in flow intensity or duration
- Increased premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
- Concurrent stress-related symptoms like insomnia or anxiety
It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be associated with other health conditions. If you experience persistent menstrual irregularities, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable to rule out underlying medical issues.
Differentiating Stress-Induced Amenorrhea from Other Causes
While stress can certainly lead to missed periods, it’s crucial to distinguish between stress-induced amenorrhea and other potential causes. Secondary amenorrhea, defined as the absence of menstruation for three or more consecutive cycles in a woman who previously had regular periods, can have various origins.
What are other possible causes of missed periods?
Several factors besides stress can lead to amenorrhea:
- Pregnancy
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Thyroid disorders
- Hormonal imbalances
- Extreme weight loss or gain
- Excessive exercise
- Certain medications
Given the diverse potential causes, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider if you experience prolonged amenorrhea. They can conduct appropriate tests and examinations to determine the underlying cause and recommend suitable treatment options.
The Impact of Chronic Stress on Reproductive Health
While occasional stress-induced menstrual irregularities may not pose significant long-term risks, chronic stress can have more profound effects on reproductive health. Persistent disruption of the menstrual cycle can lead to various complications and potentially impact fertility.
How does chronic stress affect overall reproductive health?
Chronic stress can influence reproductive health in several ways:
- Hormonal imbalances: Prolonged stress can lead to sustained alterations in hormone levels, affecting not only menstruation but also overall reproductive function.
- Reduced fertility: Chronic stress may interfere with ovulation, making it more challenging to conceive.
- Increased risk of gynecological conditions: Some studies suggest a link between chronic stress and an elevated risk of conditions like endometriosis and uterine fibroids.
- Exacerbation of premenstrual syndrome (PMS): Stress can intensify PMS symptoms, making the menstrual experience more challenging.
- Potential impact on menopause: Some research indicates that chronic stress might influence the timing and symptoms of menopause.
Understanding these potential long-term effects underscores the importance of managing stress for overall reproductive health and well-being.
Strategies for Managing Stress and Regulating Menstrual Cycles
Given the significant impact stress can have on menstrual health, implementing effective stress management strategies is crucial. By reducing stress levels and adopting healthy lifestyle habits, many women can help regulate their menstrual cycles and improve overall well-being.
What are effective methods for reducing stress and promoting menstrual regularity?
Consider incorporating the following strategies into your routine:
- Regular exercise: Engaging in moderate physical activity can help reduce stress and promote hormonal balance.
- Mindfulness and meditation: These practices can help calm the mind and reduce stress levels.
- Adequate sleep: Prioritizing quality sleep is essential for hormonal regulation and stress reduction.
- Balanced nutrition: A well-balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can support hormonal health and stress management.
- Time management: Organizing your schedule and prioritizing tasks can help reduce daily stressors.
- Relaxation techniques: Activities like yoga, deep breathing exercises, or progressive muscle relaxation can help alleviate stress.
- Social support: Connecting with friends, family, or support groups can provide emotional relief and stress reduction.
Remember that finding the right combination of stress management techniques may require some experimentation. What works for one person may not be as effective for another, so be patient and persistent in your efforts.
When to Seek Professional Help
While stress-induced menstrual changes are often temporary and can be managed through lifestyle modifications, there are instances where professional medical advice is necessary. Recognizing when to consult a healthcare provider is crucial for maintaining reproductive health and addressing any underlying issues.
In what situations should you consult a healthcare professional about menstrual irregularities?
Consider seeking medical attention in the following circumstances:
- Prolonged amenorrhea: If you’ve missed three or more consecutive periods, it’s important to consult a doctor to rule out other potential causes.
- Severe pain: Experiencing intense pelvic pain or cramping that interferes with daily activities warrants medical evaluation.
- Heavy bleeding: If you’re experiencing unusually heavy menstrual flow or bleeding between periods, seek medical advice.
- Sudden changes in cycle length: Significant alterations in your menstrual cycle duration, especially if accompanied by other symptoms, should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
- Fertility concerns: If you’re trying to conceive and experiencing irregular periods, consulting a fertility specialist may be beneficial.
- Persistent stress-related symptoms: If you’re struggling to manage stress and its impact on your menstrual health, consider speaking with a mental health professional or your gynecologist.
Healthcare providers can offer valuable insights, perform necessary tests, and recommend appropriate treatments or lifestyle modifications to address your specific situation.
Holistic Approaches to Menstrual Health and Stress Management
Addressing stress-induced menstrual irregularities often requires a comprehensive approach that considers various aspects of health and well-being. Integrating holistic strategies can complement traditional medical treatments and help create a more balanced and stress-resilient lifestyle.
What holistic methods can support menstrual health and stress reduction?
Consider exploring these holistic approaches:
- Acupuncture: This traditional Chinese medicine technique may help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce stress.
- Herbal remedies: Certain herbs, such as chasteberry and dong quai, have been traditionally used to support menstrual health. (Always consult a healthcare provider before using herbal supplements.)
- Aromatherapy: Essential oils like lavender and clary sage may help alleviate stress and promote relaxation.
- Nutritional therapy: Working with a nutritionist to optimize your diet for hormonal balance and stress reduction can be beneficial.
- Mind-body practices: Techniques like tai chi or qigong combine gentle movement with mindfulness, potentially aiding in stress management and overall well-being.
- Journaling: Keeping a menstrual and stress journal can help identify patterns and triggers, allowing for more targeted interventions.
- Energy healing practices: Methods like Reiki or other energy work may help some individuals manage stress and promote overall balance.
When incorporating holistic approaches, it’s essential to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider and ensure that any alternative treatments complement, rather than replace, necessary medical care.
Understanding the intricate relationship between stress and menstrual health empowers women to take proactive steps in managing their overall well-being. By recognizing the signs of stress-induced menstrual changes, implementing effective stress management strategies, and seeking professional help when needed, women can work towards achieving hormonal balance and maintaining regular menstrual cycles. Remember that every individual’s experience is unique, and finding the right combination of approaches may require patience and personalization. Prioritizing stress reduction and overall health can lead to improved menstrual regularity and contribute to a better quality of life.
Missed Period Due to Stress
Imagine you’re planning a dream vacation — taking a 13-hour flight to Sydney so you can swim in the Great Barrier Reef and trek through the Australian Outback. You’ve got a lot to organize and pack, and the thought of dealing with a menstrual period so far from home begins to worry you. Will you be able to handle any uncomfortable cramps and back pain on such a long flight? If your period comes while you’re on vacation, will you still be able to snorkel among the coral?
Your Menstrual Period and the Power of Stress
Even though you may not be planning an adventure around the world, stress and anxiety can still take a toll on you – and your period. Although some stress can be good and even help us challenge ourselves, too much can negatively impact health. The body is sensitive to any unexpected disruptions. Excessive worrying can put the digestive system into overdrive, causing stress symptoms like diarrhea, frequent urination, and abdominal pain; the pulmonary system may respond with rapid breathing.
The female reproductive system can be affected, too. In fact, for some women, stress may play a role in causing irregular or missed periods. As stress levels rise, there’s a chance that your menstrual period will temporarily stop, a condition known as secondary amenorrhea.
(If you’ve been dealing with amenorrhea for a few months, however, your doctor may ask about your health history and perform various tests, including checking hormone levels. Pregnancy, cysts, tumors, hormone deficiencies, and factors other than stress can cause more than one missed period.)
How Stress May Affect Menstruation
Not much is known about the relationship between stress and periods. However, stress certainly plays a role in suppressing the functioning of the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland — the body’s master gland — which, in turn, controls the thyroid and adrenal glands and the ovaries; they all work together to manage hormones.
Ovarian dysfunction may lead to problems with estrogen production, ovulation, or other reproductive processes.
Estrogen is an important hormone that helps build the uterine lining and prepares the body for pregnancy. If the ovaries aren’t working properly, side effects may involve the menstrual cycle, including missed periods or irregular periods.
Getting Back on Track
Because stress can affect the part of the brain responsible for producing hormones, it can throw hormonal levels out of whack, which can lead to changes in the frequency and duration of your menstrual period.
Reducing your level of stress or finding effective coping mechanisms may help your body revert to a normal menstrual period. Talking with a therapist or possibly taking anti-anxiety medication can lower stress and help you manage stress symptoms, eventually allowing your system to return to regularity.
It’s not possible to completely eliminate stress from your everyday life, nor would you want to. Finding healthy methods to cope with excessive stress is the best way to not let it wreak havoc on your body’s natural functioning.
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How Long Can Stress Delay Your Period?
Updated
03 February 2023
|
Published
07 March 2019
Fact Checked
Reviewed by Dr. Andrei Marhol, General practitioner, medical advisor, Flo Health Inc., Lithuania
Flo Fact-Checking Standards
Every piece of content at Flo Health adheres to the highest editorial standards for language, style, and medical accuracy.
To learn what we do to deliver the best health and lifestyle insights to you, check out our content review principles.
The average menstrual cycle is 28 days long, although it’s normal for a menstrual cycle to be anywhere from 21 to 35 days, and this can vary by a few days each cycle without being considered late.
A general rule of thumb is that a period is considered late if it is delayed by five days or more.
Anyone who gets a period will probably experience a late period at least once in their life. It may come as a surprise that stress is actually a very common cause for a late period. If a period is delayed due to stress, how late it is depends on many factors, including the amount of stress, coping abilities, and the person’s individual cycle.
If the stress is acute, your period might only be a few days late, but some people who experience severe chronic stress can go months without getting a period.
Can stress delay your period?
Having a manageable amount of stress in your life is normal.
But excessive levels of stress, whether physical or mental, can be detrimental to your health. One of the effects of stress is a spike in cortisol, sometimes called “the stress hormone.”
This is how it happens. Extreme physical, emotional, or nutritional stress activates a chain reaction in your body. It starts from changes in brain activity and activity in the brain endocrine glands, passes through the suprarenal gland where stress hormones — cortisol and adrenaline — are released into the blood, and disrupts the hormonal balance of the reproductive organs.
What to do if stress delays your period
If you suspect that stress is the cause of your delayed period, there are several lifestyle changes you can make. Firstly, it is important to identify the possible causes of your stress and understand the level of stress you’re under.
Keeping a journal is one way to do this. Talking to a therapist is another. Meditation, yoga, and exercise are common methods that many people find helpful.
In some cases, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be recommended.
A few ways to get your period back on track
Getting your period back on track might be possible by eliminating the unhealthy stressors in your life. If that’s not possible, learning and adopting new coping strategies might work.
If you have experienced delayed periods in the past, it can be quite helpful to track your moods, changes in diet, new medication, or big life events. This will help you better identify what some of your stressors are. The Flo app can help you with this.
Here are a few ways to reduce stress and get your period back on track:
Make time to relax
The best way to reduce stress is to relax. Meditation, exercise, journaling, coloring books, art, and knitting are all ways to relax. Some, all, or even none of these may work for you, but figuring out what you enjoy for relaxation will make it easier for you to develop and follow through with a plan for relaxing when you are stressed out.
Cut back on caffeine and alcohol
Both alcohol and caffeine can increase cortisol levels, so it’s recommended that you reduce your intake of both of these when dealing with major life changes, going through a rough patch, or nearing your menstrual cycle. Instead, you might try decaffeinated beverages or herbal teas that are known to have calming effects, such as chamomile or lavender.
Prioritize healthy sleep
Getting better sleep is often one of the best ways to overcome stress. Often, we focus on the quantity of sleep, but quality is also important. Most people need about 7–9 hours of sleep to really refresh themselves. Sticking to a sleep schedule and routine can help improve your quality of sleep.
Avoiding screens for a few hours before you go to bed, wearing a sleep mask, and using a white noise machine can all make falling asleep and staying asleep easier. This will allow the body to fall into a proper sleep rhythm which can lower the chance of insomnia.
How to prevent stress from delaying your period
The first step in preventing stress from delaying your period is to understand what’s causing your stress and how much stress you can manage. You may not always be able to avoid stress, but you can develop healthy ways to cope with it. Tracking your cycle and any changes you experience in your moods will make it easier to identify any issues that may arise so you can better understand why your period is late.
While stress (physical, emotional, or nutritional) is a common cause for a late period, it is just one of many potential reasons for a delay in menstruation. Pregnancy, hormonal birth control, and health problems like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can also make your period late.
Sometimes the stress of worrying about a potential unintended pregnancy can make your period late. Taking a pregnancy test to find out if you are pregnant can reduce this stress. If your period is late, and you’re experiencing symptoms like unwanted hair growth, headaches, weight gain, and difficulty sleeping, you may want to see a health care provider to rule out PCOS, which is a treatable condition.
Tracking your mood, life events, and symptoms in an app like Flo can help you gain perspective on your level of stress, and taking simple measures like exercising or making time for meditation can help you get your period back on track.
References
“Hypothalamic Amenorrhea.” UpToDate,
www.uptodate.com/contents/functional-hypothalamic-amenorrhea-pathophysiology-and-clinical-manifestations.
“Stopped or Missed Periods.” NHS Choices, NHS, Aug. 2019,
www.nhs.uk/conditions/stopped-or-missed-periods.
Robert L. Spencer, Ph.D., and Kent E. Hutchison, Ph.D. “Alcohol, Aging, and the Stress Response.” National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Vol. 23, No. 4, 1999,
https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh33-4/272-283.pdf.
“Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 29 Aug. 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/symptoms-causes/syc-20353439.
Lovallo WR; Whitsett TL; al’Absi M; Sung BH; Vincent AS; Wilson MF; “Caffeine Stimulation of Cortisol Secretion across the Waking Hours in Relation to Caffeine Intake Levels.:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/reasons-you-missed-your-period-2757503-5b95dfc846e0fb00503dfde9.png)
” Psychosomatic Medicine, U.S. National Library of Medicine,
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16204431.
History of updates
Current version
(03 February 2023)
Reviewed by Dr. Andrei Marhol, General practitioner, medical advisor, Flo Health Inc., Lithuania
Published
(03 March 2019)
Three stages of stress
Stress is one of the normal states of the body, as it is associated with an increase in adaptive mechanisms. Stress is an essential part of life. Stress reactions phylogenetically helped a person to cope with difficulties, therefore, in this aspect, stress reactions are useful. However, when stress has a vivid expression and a prolonged manifestation, in this case it causes harm to human health.
Selye observations
Hans Selye is considered to be the founder of the theory of biological stress. In his research, Selye observed that the body adapts to external stressors in terms of a biological model that attempts to restore and maintain internal balance.
In its attempt to maintain homeostasis, the body uses a hormonal response that directly combats the stressor.
Three phases of the stress response
1. Stage of anxiety
During the alarm response stage, a distress signal is sent to a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus ensures the release of hormones called glucocorticoids.
Glucocorticoids trigger the release of adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline gives a person a boost of energy: the heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, blood sugar also rises. These physiological changes are regulated by a part of the human autonomic nervous system called the sympathetic branch.
The adrenal glands begin to actively produce an increased amount of cortisol and are in a state of hyperfunction. This condition can be confirmed by using a pattern of changes in the hormonal profile of saliva, which will be the following indicators: elevated cortisol levels / normal DHEA levels.
2. Resistance stage
During the resistance stage, the body tries to counteract the physiological changes that occurred during the alarm stage. The resistance stage is regulated by a part of the autonomic nervous system called the parasympathetic.
The parasympathetic nervous system is trying to bring the body back to normal: the amount of cortisol produced decreases, heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal. The level of body resistance is much higher than usual. At this stage, a balanced expenditure of adaptation resources is carried out.
If the stressful situation ends, the body returns to its normal state during the resistance phase. However, if the stressor remains, the body remains on guard to fight its manifestations.
The adrenals adapt to this stage already using a mechanism called “pregnenolone hijack”. Pregnenolone is a cholesterol metabolite and is the precursor chemical for the production of both cortisol and sex hormones, including testosterone.
When the metabolism of pregnenolone changes, the level of testosterone produced in the body decreases. At this stage, the pattern of the hormonal profile in saliva will be represented by the following indicators: elevated cortisol/low DHEA.
3. Exhaustion stage
In this stage, stress persists for a long period. The body begins to lose the ability to deal with the stressor and reduce its harmful effects, as all adaptive capacity is depleted. The exhaustion stage can lead to stress overload and health problems if not addressed immediately.
At this stage, the adrenal glands are no longer able to adapt to stress and have exhausted their functionality. Initially, salivary hormonal profiles will show normal cortisol/low DHEA levels, or cortisol levels indicative of hyperfunction and reduced function will be combined with normal DHEA levels). When the adrenal glands have exhausted their capacity, will be determined: low cortisol / low DHEA.
If stress continues, the cofactors needed to produce cortisol are depleted, causing the body to break the pregnenolone bypass mechanism and switch back to producing DHEA. This pattern would be low cortisol/normal DHEA.
Stress hormones .
Adrenaline : regulates heart rate;
regulates the flow of air into the lungs;
affects the diameter of blood vessels and bronchi.
Cortisol : increases blood sugar;
suppresses the immune system;
speeds up metabolism.
The most important hormones that form the stress response are adrenaline and norepinephrine . They are synthesized by the sympathetic nervous system. Another important class of stress-response hormones are called glucocorticoids, of which hormone 9 is best known.0003 cortisol . Cortisol helps the body cope with stress. Elevated levels of cortisol can be associated not only with a clear danger to humans, but also with some changes in living conditions that the body perceives as a danger.
Sometimes the best of intentions, such as exercising, “healthy” eating, can lead to a nervous breakdown. But before that, there was chronic stress that was ignored. Excessive physical activity, lack of quality nutrition (diet, malnutrition), lack of sleep, alcohol abuse, endocrine disorders can lead to distress (“bad stress.”
A group of glucocorticoid hormones produced by the adrenal glands and their action is often similar to that of adrenaline. Adrenaline begins to act within a few seconds, and glucocorticoids maintain its action from several minutes to several hours. Hormone control is in the area of responsibility of the brain.
During stress, the pancreas begins to produce the hormone glucagon. A cocktail of glucocorticoids, glucagon, and secretions from the sympathetic nervous system raises blood glucose levels. Glucose provides the energy needed to respond to stress. Other hormones are also activated. The pituitary gland produces prolactin, which, among other effects, contributes to the suppression of reproductive function during stress.
The pituitary gland and brain also produce a special class of endogenous morphine-like substances, endorphins and enkephalins, which, among other things, dull the sensation of pain. Finally, the pituitary gland produces vasopressin, a fluid-regulating hormone that plays an important role in the cardiovascular response to stress. Vasopressin maintains water homeostasis within the body, which is essential for life.
In response to stress, some glands are activated, and various hormonal systems are inhibited during stress. The secretion of various hormones of the reproductive system, such as estrogen, progesterone and testosterone, is reduced. The production of hormones associated with growth function (such as growth hormone) is also suppressed, as is the production of insulin, a pancreatic hormone that normally helps the body store energy to use later.
These scientific facts speak of a direct connection between the emotional state and diseases such as diabetes, reproductive system disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and various addictions.
In today’s world, people face a huge number of stressful situations every day. Any of them can be the last straw and provoke depression. Knowing how stress is treated is necessary: psychotherapy, physical activity, relaxation, healthy sleep and proper nutrition. Cultivate the spirit so as not to be afraid of mental, physical and material pain, learn to earn good money, go in for sports, be healthy!
Leading laboratory assistant of the department
of functional diagnostics Malakhovskaya S.N.
Selye’s three stages of stress: anxiety, resistance, exhaustion
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- Stress
General information
Stress is one of the normal states of the body, as it is associated with an increase in adaptive mechanisms. Stress is an essential part of life. Stress reactions phylogenetically helped a person to cope with difficulties, therefore, in this aspect, stress reactions are useful.
However, when stress has a vivid expression and a prolonged manifestation, in this case it causes harm to human health.
Types of stress
According to the type of impact, stress is systemic and mental. Systemic stress reflects the body’s response to injury, inflammation, infection, and so on. Mental stress first causes changes in the psycho-emotional sphere, and then manifests itself at the biological level.
Selye’s observations
Hans Selye is considered the founder of the theory of biological stress. Hans Selye’s model of the general adaptation syndrome provides a clear biological explanation for how the body reacts and adapts to stress.
In his research, Selye observed that the body adapts to external stressors in terms of a biological model that attempts to restore and maintain internal balance. In its attempt to maintain homeostasis, the body uses a hormonal response that directly combats the stressor. The body’s struggle against stress is the main theme of the general adaptation syndrome.
Another observation that Selye found was that stress responses have their limits. The body’s limited supply of energy to adapt to a stressful environment is depleted when the body is constantly exposed to a stressor.
Three phases of the stress response
General Adaptation Syndrome is a model that consists of three elements or phases that describe the body’s response to stress:
called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus ensures the release of hormones called glucocorticoids.
Glucocorticoids trigger the release of adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline gives a person a boost of energy: the heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, blood sugar also rises. These physiological changes are regulated by a part of the human autonomic nervous system called the sympathetic branch.
The adrenal glands begin to actively produce an increased amount of cortisol and are in a state of hyperfunction. This condition can be confirmed by using a pattern of changes in the hormonal profile of saliva, which will be the following indicators: elevated cortisol levels / normal DHEA levels.
2. Resistance Stage
During the resistance stage, the body attempts to counteract the physiological changes that occurred during the alarm stage. The resistance stage is regulated by a part of the autonomic nervous system called the parasympathetic.
The parasympathetic nervous system is trying to bring the body back to normal: the amount of cortisol produced decreases, heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal. The level of body resistance is much higher than usual. At this stage, a balanced expenditure of adaptation resources is carried out.
If the stressful situation ends, the body returns to its normal state during the resistance stage. However, if the stressor remains, the body remains on guard to fight its manifestations.
The adrenal glands adapt to this stage, already using a mechanism called “pregnenolone capture”. Pregnenolone is a cholesterol metabolite and is the precursor chemical for the production of both cortisol and sex hormones, including testosterone.