What are the main causes of testicle tenderness. How can you identify symptoms of serious conditions affecting the testicles. When should you consult a doctor for testicular pain. What treatments are available for various causes of testicle tenderness.

Understanding Epididymitis: A Common Cause of Testicular Pain

Epididymitis is an infection of the epididymis, the organ where sperm matures before leaving the body. This condition can cause significant discomfort and is often characterized by gradually increasing pain, a hot sensation in the scrotum, and swelling.

What causes epididymitis? The most common culprits are sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea, as well as urinary tract infections. How is it treated? Doctors typically prescribe antibiotics to combat the underlying infection and alleviate symptoms.

Recognizing Epididymitis Symptoms

• Gradual onset of testicular pain
• Scrotum feels hot to the touch
• Noticeable swelling in the affected area

Is epididymitis a serious condition? While it can be uncomfortable, prompt treatment with antibiotics usually resolves the infection without long-term complications. However, if left untreated, epididymitis can potentially lead to more severe conditions like orchitis.

Inguinal Hernias: When Abdominal Tissue Causes Testicular Discomfort

An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles, potentially extending into the scrotum. This can result in testicular pain and swelling, often causing significant discomfort for those affected.

Can an inguinal hernia resolve on its own? In some cases, doctors may be able to manually reduce or push the hernia back into place. However, most inguinal hernias ultimately require surgical intervention to prevent complications and alleviate symptoms.

Inguinal Hernia Treatment Options

1. Manual reduction (temporary solution)
2. Surgical hernia repair (recommended long-term solution)

Why is surgical repair often necessary for inguinal hernias? Surgery helps prevent the hernia from becoming incarcerated or strangulated, which can lead to serious complications. Additionally, surgical repair can provide long-lasting relief from pain and discomfort associated with the hernia.

Kidney Stones: A Hidden Cause of Testicular Pain

Kidney stones can cause referred pain that radiates to the testicles, often confusing patients about the true source of their discomfort. This type of pain occurs when the sensation is felt beyond the area causing the problem, making diagnosis challenging without proper medical evaluation.

How can you differentiate kidney stone pain from other testicular issues? Kidney stone pain is often accompanied by additional symptoms that can help identify the underlying cause.

Common Symptoms Associated with Kidney Stones

• Blood-tinged urine
• Burning sensation during urination
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sharp, cramping pain radiating from the back to the groin
• Frequent urination
• Pain at the tip of the penis

What treatment options are available for kidney stones? In many cases, doctors may advise waiting for the stones to pass naturally. However, if a stone doesn’t pass or symptoms of infection develop, medical intervention may be necessary. Treatment options can include surgical removal of the stone or shock-wave lithotripsy, a procedure that uses shock waves to break up the stones into smaller, more easily passable pieces.

Orchitis: When Testicular Inflammation Demands Immediate Attention

Orchitis is an infection and inflammation of the testicles that can cause severe pain and discomfort. This condition often results from untreated epididymitis, highlighting the importance of promptly addressing testicular health issues.

Why is immediate treatment crucial for orchitis? The pain associated with orchitis can be so severe that it mimics testicular torsion, a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention. Prompt treatment helps prevent complications and alleviates severe discomfort.

Identifying Orchitis Symptoms

• Fatigue
• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Intense testicular pain
• Swelling in one or both testicles

How is orchitis treated? Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For bacterial infections, doctors prescribe antibiotics. In cases of viral orchitis, supportive treatments such as over-the-counter pain relievers, rest, and scrotal elevation are recommended. Additionally, a scrotal ultrasound may be necessary to rule out testicular torsion.

Testicular Torsion: A Medical Emergency Requiring Immediate Action

Testicular torsion is a serious condition that occurs when the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. This medical emergency is more common in young men, particularly those under 25, and requires immediate attention to prevent permanent damage or loss of the affected testicle.

Why is rapid diagnosis and treatment critical for testicular torsion? The window for successful intervention is narrow, typically within 4-6 hours of symptom onset. Delayed treatment can result in irreversible damage to the testicle, potentially necessitating its removal.

Key Symptoms of Testicular Torsion

• Sudden, severe pain on one side of the scrotum
• Swelling in the scrotum
• Nausea and vomiting
• Redness or darkening of the scrotum

How is testicular torsion treated? Surgical intervention is necessary to correct the twisting of the spermatic cord. In rare cases where repair is not possible, removal of the affected testicle may be required. While this typically doesn’t affect fertility, as torsion usually affects only one testicle, it’s essential to seek immediate medical attention to preserve testicular function.

Testicular Tumors: When Pain Signals a More Serious Condition

Testicular tumors can cause pain and swelling in the testicular area, often mimicking symptoms of other conditions like inguinal hernias or epididymitis. This similarity in symptoms underscores the importance of proper medical evaluation for any persistent testicular discomfort.

What are the warning signs of a testicular tumor? While pain and swelling are common symptoms, there are additional indicators that may suggest the presence of a tumor.

Symptoms Associated with Testicular Tumors

• A dull ache in the groin
• A noticeable lump in the testicle
• Testicular swelling

Why is early detection crucial for testicular tumors? Prompt diagnosis and treatment of testicular tumors can significantly improve outcomes and treatment options. Regular self-examinations and medical check-ups play a vital role in early detection.

Traumatic Injuries: Understanding the Impact of Blows to the Testicles

A blow to the testicles can result in bruising, pain, and swelling, causing significant discomfort. In some cases, more severe complications such as testicular rupture or hematocele formation can occur, requiring immediate medical attention.

What is a hematocele, and why is it concerning? A hematocele occurs when blood pools around the testicle, applying pressure and potentially affecting blood flow. This condition can lead to further complications if left untreated.

Assessing Testicular Injuries

• Evaluate the severity of pain and swelling
• Monitor for signs of bruising or discoloration
• Watch for symptoms of internal bleeding or rupture

When should you seek medical attention for a testicular injury? While minor injuries may resolve with rest and ice, persistent or severe pain, significant swelling, or signs of internal bleeding warrant immediate medical evaluation to rule out serious complications.

Recognizing Red Flags: When to Consult a Doctor for Testicular Pain

Understanding when to seek medical attention for testicular pain is crucial for preserving testicular health and function. While some causes of discomfort may resolve on their own, certain symptoms indicate a need for prompt medical evaluation.

Which symptoms warrant immediate medical attention? Severe, sudden pain, rapid swelling, or signs of infection should be evaluated by a healthcare professional without delay.

Signs You Should See a Doctor

• Sudden, severe testicular pain
• Rapid onset of swelling in the scrotum
• Fever accompanying testicular pain
• Persistent discomfort lasting more than a few days
• Pain or swelling following an injury to the groin area

Why is timely medical evaluation important? Many conditions affecting the testicles, such as torsion or severe infections, require rapid intervention to prevent long-term complications or loss of testicular function. When in doubt, it’s always better to err on the side of caution and consult a healthcare provider.

Diagnostic Approaches: How Doctors Evaluate Testicular Pain

When a patient presents with testicular pain, healthcare providers employ various diagnostic techniques to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment plan. Understanding these approaches can help patients know what to expect during their medical evaluation.

What methods do doctors use to diagnose the cause of testicular pain? The diagnostic process typically involves a combination of physical examination, patient history, and potentially imaging studies or laboratory tests.

Common Diagnostic Techniques

1. Physical examination of the testicles and surrounding area
2. Detailed patient history to understand symptom onset and progression
3. Urinalysis to check for signs of infection
4. Blood tests to evaluate for infection or tumor markers
5. Ultrasound imaging to visualize testicular structures and blood flow
6. CT scans or MRI in cases where additional imaging is necessary

Why is a comprehensive diagnostic approach important? Accurate diagnosis ensures that patients receive the most appropriate and effective treatment for their specific condition, minimizing the risk of complications and promoting faster recovery.

Treatment Options: Addressing Various Causes of Testicular Pain

The treatment for testicular pain varies widely depending on the underlying cause. From conservative management to surgical intervention, healthcare providers tailor their approach to each patient’s specific condition and needs.

How do doctors determine the best treatment plan for testicular pain? Treatment decisions are based on the diagnosed cause, severity of symptoms, and potential risks associated with various interventions.

Common Treatment Approaches

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections like epididymitis or orchitis
• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications
• Rest and elevation for minor injuries or inflammation
• Surgical repair for conditions like inguinal hernias or testicular torsion
• Targeted therapies for underlying conditions such as kidney stones or tumors

Why is personalized treatment important for testicular pain? Each case of testicular pain is unique, and a tailored approach ensures the most effective resolution of symptoms while addressing the root cause of the discomfort.

Preventive Measures: Reducing the Risk of Testicular Pain and Complications

While not all causes of testicular pain are preventable, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk of developing certain conditions or catching potential issues early. Implementing these preventive measures can contribute to overall testicular health and well-being.

How can men protect their testicular health? A combination of lifestyle choices, safe practices, and regular self-examinations can play a crucial role in prevention and early detection of testicular issues.

Key Preventive Strategies

1. Practice safe sex to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections
2. Wear appropriate protective gear during sports or high-impact activities
3. Perform regular testicular self-examinations to detect any changes or abnormalities
4. Maintain good hygiene to prevent infections
5. Stay hydrated and follow a balanced diet to reduce the risk of kidney stones
6. Seek prompt medical attention for any persistent groin pain or discomfort

Why are regular self-examinations important? Self-exams allow men to become familiar with the normal feel and appearance of their testicles, making it easier to detect any changes that may require medical evaluation. Early detection of issues like lumps or swelling can lead to more effective treatment and better outcomes.

Long-term Outlook: Understanding the Prognosis for Various Testicular Conditions

The long-term prognosis for individuals experiencing testicular pain varies depending on the underlying cause and the timeliness of treatment. Many conditions, when addressed promptly, have excellent outcomes with minimal long-term effects.

What factors influence the long-term outlook for testicular conditions? The specific diagnosis, severity of the condition, and how quickly treatment is initiated all play crucial roles in determining the prognosis.

Prognosis for Common Testicular Conditions

• Epididymitis: Generally resolves completely with appropriate antibiotic treatment
• Inguinal hernias: Surgical repair typically provides long-lasting relief
• Testicular torsion: Outcomes depend on how quickly treatment is received; prompt intervention often preserves testicular function
• Orchitis: Most cases resolve without long-term complications when treated promptly
• Testicular tumors: Prognosis varies but is often favorable with early detection and treatment

Why is follow-up care important after treatment for testicular conditions? Regular follow-up appointments allow healthcare providers to monitor recovery, address any lingering symptoms, and catch potential complications early. This ongoing care helps ensure the best possible long-term outcomes for patients.

8 causes and when to see a doctor

Testicular pain can have several causes, including a traumatic injury, kidney stones, a hernia, an infection, and various other health conditions. Some are minor but others need urgent medical attention.

Testicular pain may be due to an injury or condition that has started in the testicles or groin, but in many cases, it has causes elsewhere in the body. A person may also experience testicular pain due to reasons such as hernias, pinched nerves, or gastrointestinal issues.

Keep reading to learn about the possible causes of testicular pain and when to see a doctor.

Epididymitis is an infection of the epididymis, which is the organ where sperm matures before exiting the body.

Symptoms of epididymitis can include:

• pain that gradually increases
• a scrotum that feels hot to the touch
• swelling

Sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can cause epididymitis. Urinary tract infections can also lead to epididymitis.

Doctors usually treat the condition with antibiotics.

Hernias occur when tissue pushes through a weak part of the abdominal muscles. An inguinal hernia is one type of hernia that can push into the scrotum, causing testicular pain and swelling.

Doctors may be able to reduce an inguinal hernia or push it back into place. However, a hernia will almost always require surgery (hernia repair).

Kidney stones can cause pain that radiates to the testicles. Doctors call this referred pain, when the pain occurs beyond the area that is causing the problem.

Other symptoms that doctors may associate with kidney stones include:

• blood-tinged urine
• burning when urinating
• nausea
• pain at the top of the penis
• sharp, cramping pain that may radiate from the back to the groin
• urinating frequently
• vomiting

Doctors may advise waiting for the kidney stones to pass. However, if a stone does not pass after some time or a person starts to experience symptoms of an infection, such as a fever or discharge, they should seek treatment as soon as possible.

Treatments can include surgery to remove the stone or shock-wave lithotripsy, which delivers shock waves to break up the stones.

For more research-backed information and resources for men’s health, please visit our dedicated hub.

Was this helpful?

Orchitis is an infection and inflammation of the testicles. Untreated epididymitis can lead to orchitis.

Symptoms of orchitis can include:

• fatigue
• fever
• nausea
• testicular pain
• swelling in one or both testicles
• vomiting

People should seek immediate treatment for orchitis. Sometimes the pain can be so severe that it is similar to testicular torsion, which is a medical emergency.

Treatments for orchitis depend upon the underlying cause. A doctor can prescribe antibiotics for bacterial infections. When a virus causes orchitis, they can recommend supportive treatments, such as over-the-counter pain relievers, rest, and elevating the scrotum.

People with orchitis may need to be evaluated with a scrotal ultrasound on an urgent basis in case the pain/swelling is from testicular torsion.

Testicular torsion is a serious medical condition that occurs when the spermatic cord twists, like a candy cane, and cuts off the blood supply to the testicle. The spermatic cord is the ‘stalk’ of the testicles that contains blood vessels and vas deferens. The vas deferens is the duct that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts before ejaculation.

Typically, testicular torsion is a condition that is more common in young men, usually those under 25.

Symptoms that doctors associate with testicular torsion include:

• nausea
• redness or darkening of the scrotum
• sudden, severe pain that occurs on one side of the scrotum
• swelling in the scrotum
• vomiting

The pain from testicular torsion is sometimes gradual. Some people with this condition experience pain that slowly worsens over several days.

According to the American Urological Association, testicular torsion typically occurs on the left side more than the right.

Treatment involves surgery to correct the testicular twisting. In rare cases where a surgeon cannot repair the torsion, they may remove the testicle.

Usually, testicular torsion only affects one testicle, so removing it does not normally affect a person’s fertility. However, although unlikely, this is possible.

A testicular tumor can cause pain and swelling in the testicular area. Other symptoms may include:

• a dull ache in the groin
• a lump in the testicle
• testicular swelling

Symptoms of a testicular tumor can resemble several other conditions that affect males, such as inguinal hernias and epididymitis. A doctor can help to diagnose the tumor or other underlying condition.

A blow to the testicles can cause bruising, pain, and swelling. A testicle can also rupture or develop a hematocele. A hematocele occurs when blood pools around the testicle and presses on it, affecting blood flow.

If a person has experienced a blow to the testicles and is having pain and swelling, it is best to seek urgent medical attention.

Varicoceles are abnormally large, dilated veins in the testicles. Sometimes, varicoceles do not cause any symptoms.

When they do, a person may notice testicular pain that gets worse with physical activity or over the day. Varicoceles may also affect a person’s fertility.

Doctors do not know what causes varicoceles, but they can usually treat them with surgery.

People should note that most varicoceles are asymptomatic, and therefore doctors often find varicoceles incidentally. If doctors do find them, they usually do not need treatment because the testicular pain is usually a result of something else.

Children may experience pain in the testicles from trauma, whether that be from engaging in sports or playing rough. However, testicular pain in teenagers and younger children can also have the same causes as in adults.

People should seek medical attention if their child is complaining of testicular pain. This is because it may sometimes be a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. It is better to discuss this with healthcare professionals and be cautious than risk serious harm.

It is important to teach children to discuss testicular pain as they would pain in any other part of their body. It may feel like an uncomfortable conversation to have, but it could help them prevent a medical emergency from having a poor outcome.

Additional causes of testicle pain may include:

• Diabetic neuropathy: This nerve damage due to diabetes can also cause pain in the testicles. Managing the underlying diabetes can resolve the problem.
• Hydrocele: This is a fluid buildup that causes swelling of the scrotum. They typically affect babies but can impact males of any age. While they do not usually cause pain, there can be some pain from the swelling. In infants, the hydrocele will typically resolve on their own. In adults, surgery may be necessary.
• Idiopathic testicular pain: This is where the testicular pain is due to an unknown cause. Treatment may include pain management while doctors carry out further investigations.
• Mumps: Most people with mumps recover quickly. However, males who get mumps after puberty can develop complications such as inflammation of the testicles.
• Prostatitis: This is an infection or inflammation of the prostate. Treatment varies depending on the individual but can include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, or warm baths.
• Scrotal masses: The treatment will vary depending on the cause of the mass. Some causes of scrotal masses include epididymitis and cancer.
• Spermatocele: This is where there is a fluid buildup in the testicle and is also known as a spermatic cyst. These may not require treatment, but if they become too large, medicines can ease the pain.
• Urinary tract infection: This is where bacteria enter the urinary tract, which includes the urethra, bladder, and kidneys. One symptom of the infection may be testicular pain. Sometimes, the infection may clear up by itself, but other times may need antibiotics.
• Back pain: Testicular pain may be the result of pinched nerves from slipped or herniated discs.
• Gastrointestinal issues: One example of a gastrointestinal issue that can cause testicular pain is diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is an inflammation of pouches in the intestines.

It is best to see a doctor if any of the following symptoms accompany testicular pain:

• discoloration of the testicles
• nausea
• unusual, bloody, or cloudy discharge from the penis
• testicular swelling
• vomiting
• pain that gets worse over time

Anyone with symptoms of testicular torsion should seek emergency medical attention. Without treatment, any condition that affects blood flow could result in loss of the testicle or surrounding parts.

If a person experiences swelling or pain in one or both testicles, it is best to see a doctor. If the pain is causing nausea and vomiting, they should seek immediate medical attention.

In cases of testicular torsion, the sooner a person seeks help, the more likely they can receive prompt attention for restoring blood flow.

Medical treatments are available for most causes of testicular pain.

8 causes and when to see a doctor

Testicular pain can have several causes, including a traumatic injury, kidney stones, a hernia, an infection, and various other health conditions. Some are minor but others need urgent medical attention.

Testicular pain may be due to an injury or condition that has started in the testicles or groin, but in many cases, it has causes elsewhere in the body. A person may also experience testicular pain due to reasons such as hernias, pinched nerves, or gastrointestinal issues.

Keep reading to learn about the possible causes of testicular pain and when to see a doctor.

Epididymitis is an infection of the epididymis, which is the organ where sperm matures before exiting the body.

Symptoms of epididymitis can include:

• pain that gradually increases
• a scrotum that feels hot to the touch
• swelling

Sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can cause epididymitis. Urinary tract infections can also lead to epididymitis.

Doctors usually treat the condition with antibiotics.

Hernias occur when tissue pushes through a weak part of the abdominal muscles. An inguinal hernia is one type of hernia that can push into the scrotum, causing testicular pain and swelling.

Doctors may be able to reduce an inguinal hernia or push it back into place. However, a hernia will almost always require surgery (hernia repair).

Kidney stones can cause pain that radiates to the testicles. Doctors call this referred pain, when the pain occurs beyond the area that is causing the problem.

Other symptoms that doctors may associate with kidney stones include:

• blood-tinged urine
• burning when urinating
• nausea
• pain at the top of the penis
• sharp, cramping pain that may radiate from the back to the groin
• urinating frequently
• vomiting

Doctors may advise waiting for the kidney stones to pass. However, if a stone does not pass after some time or a person starts to experience symptoms of an infection, such as a fever or discharge, they should seek treatment as soon as possible.

Treatments can include surgery to remove the stone or shock-wave lithotripsy, which delivers shock waves to break up the stones.

For more research-backed information and resources for men’s health, please visit our dedicated hub.

Was this helpful?

Orchitis is an infection and inflammation of the testicles. Untreated epididymitis can lead to orchitis.

Symptoms of orchitis can include:

• fatigue
• fever
• nausea
• testicular pain
• swelling in one or both testicles
• vomiting

People should seek immediate treatment for orchitis. Sometimes the pain can be so severe that it is similar to testicular torsion, which is a medical emergency.

Treatments for orchitis depend upon the underlying cause. A doctor can prescribe antibiotics for bacterial infections. When a virus causes orchitis, they can recommend supportive treatments, such as over-the-counter pain relievers, rest, and elevating the scrotum.

People with orchitis may need to be evaluated with a scrotal ultrasound on an urgent basis in case the pain/swelling is from testicular torsion.

Testicular torsion is a serious medical condition that occurs when the spermatic cord twists, like a candy cane, and cuts off the blood supply to the testicle. The spermatic cord is the ‘stalk’ of the testicles that contains blood vessels and vas deferens. The vas deferens is the duct that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts before ejaculation.

Typically, testicular torsion is a condition that is more common in young men, usually those under 25.

Symptoms that doctors associate with testicular torsion include:

• nausea
• redness or darkening of the scrotum
• sudden, severe pain that occurs on one side of the scrotum
• swelling in the scrotum
• vomiting

The pain from testicular torsion is sometimes gradual. Some people with this condition experience pain that slowly worsens over several days.

According to the American Urological Association, testicular torsion typically occurs on the left side more than the right.

Treatment involves surgery to correct the testicular twisting. In rare cases where a surgeon cannot repair the torsion, they may remove the testicle.

Usually, testicular torsion only affects one testicle, so removing it does not normally affect a person’s fertility. However, although unlikely, this is possible.

A testicular tumor can cause pain and swelling in the testicular area. Other symptoms may include:

• a dull ache in the groin
• a lump in the testicle
• testicular swelling

Symptoms of a testicular tumor can resemble several other conditions that affect males, such as inguinal hernias and epididymitis. A doctor can help to diagnose the tumor or other underlying condition.

A blow to the testicles can cause bruising, pain, and swelling. A testicle can also rupture or develop a hematocele. A hematocele occurs when blood pools around the testicle and presses on it, affecting blood flow.

If a person has experienced a blow to the testicles and is having pain and swelling, it is best to seek urgent medical attention.

Varicoceles are abnormally large, dilated veins in the testicles. Sometimes, varicoceles do not cause any symptoms.

When they do, a person may notice testicular pain that gets worse with physical activity or over the day. Varicoceles may also affect a person’s fertility.

Doctors do not know what causes varicoceles, but they can usually treat them with surgery.

People should note that most varicoceles are asymptomatic, and therefore doctors often find varicoceles incidentally. If doctors do find them, they usually do not need treatment because the testicular pain is usually a result of something else.

Children may experience pain in the testicles from trauma, whether that be from engaging in sports or playing rough. However, testicular pain in teenagers and younger children can also have the same causes as in adults.

People should seek medical attention if their child is complaining of testicular pain. This is because it may sometimes be a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. It is better to discuss this with healthcare professionals and be cautious than risk serious harm.

It is important to teach children to discuss testicular pain as they would pain in any other part of their body. It may feel like an uncomfortable conversation to have, but it could help them prevent a medical emergency from having a poor outcome.

Additional causes of testicle pain may include:

• Diabetic neuropathy: This nerve damage due to diabetes can also cause pain in the testicles. Managing the underlying diabetes can resolve the problem.
• Hydrocele: This is a fluid buildup that causes swelling of the scrotum. They typically affect babies but can impact males of any age. While they do not usually cause pain, there can be some pain from the swelling. In infants, the hydrocele will typically resolve on their own. In adults, surgery may be necessary.
• Idiopathic testicular pain: This is where the testicular pain is due to an unknown cause. Treatment may include pain management while doctors carry out further investigations.
• Mumps: Most people with mumps recover quickly. However, males who get mumps after puberty can develop complications such as inflammation of the testicles.
• Prostatitis: This is an infection or inflammation of the prostate. Treatment varies depending on the individual but can include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, or warm baths.
• Scrotal masses: The treatment will vary depending on the cause of the mass. Some causes of scrotal masses include epididymitis and cancer.
• Spermatocele: This is where there is a fluid buildup in the testicle and is also known as a spermatic cyst. These may not require treatment, but if they become too large, medicines can ease the pain.
• Urinary tract infection: This is where bacteria enter the urinary tract, which includes the urethra, bladder, and kidneys. One symptom of the infection may be testicular pain. Sometimes, the infection may clear up by itself, but other times may need antibiotics.
• Back pain: Testicular pain may be the result of pinched nerves from slipped or herniated discs.
• Gastrointestinal issues: One example of a gastrointestinal issue that can cause testicular pain is diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is an inflammation of pouches in the intestines.

It is best to see a doctor if any of the following symptoms accompany testicular pain:

• discoloration of the testicles
• nausea
• unusual, bloody, or cloudy discharge from the penis
• testicular swelling
• vomiting
• pain that gets worse over time

Anyone with symptoms of testicular torsion should seek emergency medical attention. Without treatment, any condition that affects blood flow could result in loss of the testicle or surrounding parts.

If a person experiences swelling or pain in one or both testicles, it is best to see a doctor. If the pain is causing nausea and vomiting, they should seek immediate medical attention.

In cases of testicular torsion, the sooner a person seeks help, the more likely they can receive prompt attention for restoring blood flow.

Medical treatments are available for most causes of testicular pain.

Pain in the testicles (scrotum) in men – causes, symptoms, treatment

Contents:

1. Symptoms
2. Causes
3. Testicular pain in boys
4. When to see a doctor
5. Pain in the testicles to the touch – complications
6. Diagnostics
7. Methods of treatment
8. Prophylaxis

The scrotum is the receptacle for the testicles, the male gonads. The testicles are a paired organ in which spermatozoa are formed and the main male hormone, testosterone, is produced. Temperatures above 37 degrees have a detrimental effect on the male germ cells of Leydig and Sertoli. Therefore, the testicles are located in a special bag, which is called the scrotum. The special structure of the scrotum provides the testicles with a lower temperature than body temperature.

Pain with inflammation of the appendages: symptoms

Damage, inflammation and tumors of the testicles lead to the appearance of pathological symptoms:

• pain – sharp, dull, pulling, arching;
• edema;
• redness of the skin of the scrotum.

Pain in the testicles is the most striking symptom indicating diseases of the male reproductive system. It is localized only in the testicles, or also extends to the penis and inguinal region, lower abdomen.

Unpleasant sensations may occur suddenly, without apparent previous causes. But much more often, a man notices some precursors of the disease – weakness, malaise, a moderate increase in body temperature, muscle aches.

Possible causes of pain in the testicles

Pain in the scrotum occurs in almost every disease that affects the male genital organs:

• viral and bacterial infections;
• trauma of testicles;
• pedicle torsion;
• prostatitis;
• prostate adenoma;
• malignant tumors of testicles, scrotum, penis;
• spermatocele, hydrocele – accumulation of fluid in the testicles, scrotum.

Also, pain sensations can be reflected, that is, associated with problems in other organs:

• inguinal hernia;
• exacerbation of urolithiasis, when stones move in the kidneys and ureters;
• inflammation of the genitourinary system, including infectious ones;
• damage to the nervous system – in diabetes, after an injury.

Possible causes of pain in the testicles:

• Mechanical injuries – as a result of falls, blows. As a rule, trauma to the scrotum is accompanied by severe pain, then swelling increases and a hematoma of the scrotum appears. In case of scrotum injuries, it is imperative to contact a urologist, since testicular injuries can result in irreversible changes leading to erectile dysfunction and infertility.
• Hydrocele – dropsy of the testicular membranes. A disease in which fluid accumulates between the membranes of the testicle. The main reason is the synthesis of an excess amount of fluid in the membranes as a result of inflammation, trauma or surgical interventions. With a hydrocele, either one or both halves of the scrotum can increase. The main treatment is surgical.
• Testicular torsion – the disease is accompanied by sharp pains in one testicle, pulling the testicle up. There may also be an increase in the scrotum and a change in its color against the background of edema. Torsion of the family cord is accompanied by a sharp violation of blood circulation in the testicle and is an urgent condition in urology. Testicular torsion can be provoked by sudden physical exertion, sexual intercourse, pinching of the scrotum. Treatment is surgical only.
• Lack of regular sexual activity – testicular pain may occur even after a week of sexual abstinence. The scrotum is not changed. With the normalization of the regularity and quality of sexual life, the pain disappears spontaneously.
• Cyst in the epididymis – spermatocele. The disease can occur as a result of infectious diseases, injuries or hormonal disorders. As the cyst grows, the intensity of pain in the testicle increases. Treatment with progression is only surgical.
• Inflammation of the testicle – orchitis or inflammation of the epididymis epididymitis in such diseases, the pain is acute, the temperature rises to 38-39, the general condition worsens greatly. The scrotum greatly increases in size on the side of the lesion. Early treatment prevents complications.
• Varicose veins surrounding the testicle – varicocele. In most cases, it occurs in the left testicle. With such a disease, it is possible to determine a pronounced increase in the veins of the pampiniform plexus in the form of a “ball of worms”, while the testicle itself decreases in size in advanced stages. The disease is dangerous because, in the absence of timely surgical care, it leads to male infertility.
• Diseases of the prostate (prostatitis, cancer) – pain in such pathological conditions covers not only the projection of the scrotum, but also gives to the sacral region, perineum, groin.
• Inguinal-scrotal hernia – protrusion of the hernial sac containing the intestine through the inguinal canal into the scrotal cavity. Accompanied by pain and enlargement of the scrotum on the side of the lesion. Treatment is only surgical.
• Renal colic – pain may radiate to the testicles and scrotum with moving stones in the lower third of the ureter. The scrotum and testicle itself will be painless on palpation.

Aching, pulling pain in the scrotum often bothers men with prolonged sexual abstinence. Prolonged sexual arousal triggers the transport of spermatozoa from the testicles and their appendages to the prostate, but in the absence of ejaculation, the overstretching of the vas deferens causes discomfort.

To determine the cause of pain in the scrotum, you need to consult a doctor – urologist, andrologist, venereologist.

Pain in the testicles in boys

Soreness in the scrotum, especially on the left, in boys is associated with an abnormal development of the venous vessels that collect blood from the organs of the scrotum. This condition is accompanied by hyperdistension of the veins of the pampiniform plexus surrounding the testis and is called a varicocele. The resulting venous plethora in the veins of the scrotum causes pain.

Boys and adolescents can become infected with mumps, mumps. The disease causes inflammation of the salivary glands and testicles. Accompanied by high fever, swelling of one half of the face. The disease is dangerous for the development of male infertility.

Due to poor hygiene, adolescents often suffer from inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system – orchitis, epididymitis. In this case, the scrotum swells, becomes sharply painful to the touch.

When should I see a doctor?

A man should see a doctor if the following symptoms appear:

• acute pain in the scrotum that worsens over time;
• violation of urination – delay, intermittent stream, soreness;
• discharge from the penis – purulent or bloody;
• tumor on scrotum;
• enlargement, soreness of the lymph nodes in the groin;
• swelling and redness of the scrotum, penis;
• blood or pus in the urine;
• body temperature against the background of these symptoms – above 38 degrees.

These symptoms should promptly seek medical attention. In a planned manner, a specialist should be contacted with mild symptoms.

Pain in the testicles – complications

In most cases, diseases affecting the testicles are mild or moderately severe. Complications are rare if treated promptly. However, the lack of treatment leads to:

• male infertility;
• abscesses, phlegmon, gangrene;
• Testicular necrosis.

Injury, purulent inflammation can lead to irreversible changes in the testicles, which will require their removal by surgery.

Diagnosis for pain in the balls

At the doctor’s appointment, a man will have to answer several questions related to the onset of the disease:

• when, under what circumstances did unpleasant sensations appear;
• how it has changed over time;
• what other manifestations accompanied the pain;
• whether the man was taking any drugs for self-treatment.

After that, the doctor examines the patient, and on the basis of this he can already make a preliminary diagnosis. Additional diagnostic methods:

• urinalysis;
• general, biochemical blood tests;
• culture of urine for microflora;
• urethral swab for sexually transmitted infections;
• ultrasound examination of the genitourinary system;
• tumor biopsy to determine its nature.

The results of tests, ultrasound will help to find out exactly the cause of the pain in the testicles, make the correct diagnosis, start the appropriate treatment.

Testicular pain – what treatments are effective?

The treatment is prescribed by the doctor after the final determination of the problem. Conservative tactics include:

• prescription of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs;
• compresses;
• physiotherapy procedures.

In case of injuries, torsion of the spermatic cords, purulent complications, surgical intervention is indicated.

Testicular Pain – Prevention

Preventive measures will help to avoid unpleasant symptoms, as well as serious complications:

• meticulous hygiene of the genitals;
• protection of the testicles from hypothermia, overheating;
• protection of the groin during injury-prone sports;
• regular sexual life with a regular partner;
• use of barrier contraception during intercourse with untested partners.

A man should have an annual preventive examination by a urologist.

Pain in the scrotum

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• Symptoms
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Scrotal pain is a painful sensation that can occur in the area of ​​one or both testicles. Sometimes the cause of pain in the scrotum can be a pathological process in another area (organs of the pelvis, abdomen, spine) – the so-called irradiation of pain.

The testicles are very sensitive organs, and even the slightest damage leads to severe pain and discomfort. The pain can be either dull and aching or intense and sharp.

Reasons

• Varicose veins of the spermatic cord (varicocele): in the vast majority of cases, this pathology has a left-sided localization and occurs in young men. A characteristic symptom of the disease is an increase in pain during physical exertion.

• Inflammatory process in the testicle itself (orchitis) or in the epididymis (epididymitis). Perhaps a combination of these processes (orchiepididymitis). This pathology is characterized by an increase and redness of the scrotum, a sharp soreness of the testicle, which is relieved when the scrotum is raised.

• Dropsy of the testicles (hydrocele): characterized by a slight dull, aching pain, accompanied by an increase in more than one half of the scrotum.

• Testicular torsion: most often occurs in young adults. In this case, the occurrence of pain may be preceded by trauma to the scrotum. The pain is most often acute and does not disappear when the scrotum is raised, as with orchiepididymitis.

• Testicular tumors: the most formidable group of diseases that occurs in men, predominantly of reproductive age. It is worth noting that testicular tumors are often not accompanied by any symptoms for a long time.

• Inguinal-scrotal hernia: more common in men older than 50-60 years. A rounded protrusion of the scrotum is characteristic, which can increase with physical exertion, coughing, sneezing, and also with a change in body position.

• Chronic pelvic pain: a syndrome in which pain and discomfort tend to affect other organs and areas (perineum, pelvis) in addition to the scrotum.

Diagnosis

Since the testicles are the main male reproductive organ, it is important to identify the cause of pain in the scrotum early and begin its treatment in order to prevent the development of such serious complications as infertility.

If this symptom appears, you can make an appointment at the LDO No. 4 of the Urology Clinic of the First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov to our specialists.

Patient leaflet

How to get a quota

We will arrange the documents ourselves

To obtain a quota, you must provide the clinic with the original and a copy of the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, the compulsory medical insurance policy and the SNILS pension insurance certificate (light green card).

Quota timeout

From five days to several weeks (depending on the place of registration), we notify of receipt by phone.

If you want to apply for a quota yourself

We will hand over the documents for your territorial body of the Ministry of Health.

How to get tested

Make an appointment

By phone 8 (800) 302-70-42 and +7 (495) 175-20-40 or electronically.

Pick up

Statements, x-rays, computed tomography discs, etc.

Register at the reception

Take your passport if you visit our clinic for the first time.

Pay for a consultation

Consultation and examination are paid, treatment is free of charge under the compulsory medical insurance policy, VHI and federal quotas.

Get tested immediately

Maybe. Arrive on an empty stomach and do not urinate two hours before your appointment. We accept blood until 11.00.

Scheduled examination

It is possible to go to our clinic through the channel of paid medical services or free of charge at the place of residence.

Out-of-town patients

The examination takes 2-3 days, as a rule. The clinic does not provide accommodation. The nearest hotels are Arena, Olympus, Spektr, Golden Ring, Azimut Hotel Smolenskaya.

Mandatory tests for hospitalization

Valid for up to 14 days

• general urinalysis (with an increased number of leukocytes – bacteriological urine culture with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics)
• complete blood count
• biochemical blood test: amylase, AST, ALT, creatinine, total bilirubin, glucose, uric acid, urea nitrogen, potassium, sodium; in case of urolithiasis additionally – ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin
• coagulogram
• blood test for group, Rh factor and phenotype (surrendered in the laboratories of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov)

Valid for up to a month

• ECG

Valid for up to 3 months

• blood test for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis

Validity up to 6 months

• chest x-ray (description + x-ray)

Valid for up to a year

• PSA blood test (for men over 45)

Post discharge

Histological report

If your biomaterial is examined for the presence of cancer cells, the result will be ready within two weeks. We will notify you by SMS. You need to come in person, we do not report the result by phone or electronically. If you are not notified on time, contact your doctor.

One month after surgery

It is necessary to pass the recommended control tests and make an appointment for a second appointment. For out-of-town patients, a remote consultation is possible.

Sick leave for work

Option 1

Continue treatment and close the sick leave at the clinic at the place of residence.