Swollen lymph nodes: Causes, diagnosis, and treatment

Swollen lymph nodes usually indicate a common infection, but they can also signal a medical condition, such as an immune disorder or, rarely, a type of cancer.

Lymph nodes are small, round structures that play a vital role in the body’s immune system. Swollen lymph nodes are also known as swollen glands.

In this article, we look at the causes of swollen lymph nodes, when to see a doctor, and treatment options.

The lymph nodes collect and filter fluids, waste materials, and harmful germs. The human body has hundreds of lymph nodes. The main lymph nodes that people may see or feel are found:

• under the jaw
• on each side of the neck
• under the armpits
• on either side of the groin

Lymph fluid flows in and out of the lymph nodes throughout the body before finally making its way back to the chest. While doing so, it collects and traps harmful matter, such as bacteria, viruses, and bodily waste products. The lymph nodes filter the fluid and release it back into the bloodstream together with salts and proteins.

Lymph nodes also contain immune cells that help fight infection by attacking the germs that the body’s lymph fluid has collected.

The lymph nodes may swell when a person has a temporary infection. The swelling occurs as a result of immune cell activity in the lymph nodes.

The location of the swelling often relates to the affected area. For example, an ear infection may cause swollen lymph nodes near the ear, while someone with an upper respiratory tract infection may notice swollen lymph nodes in their neck.

People can check whether their lymph nodes are swollen by gently pressing around the area, such as the side of the neck.

Swollen lymph nodes will feel like soft, round bumps, and they may be the size of a pea or a grape. They might be tender to the touch, which indicates inflammation. In some cases, the lymph nodes will also look larger than usual.

Lymph nodes appear in parallel on both sides of the body. People can check the nodes on each side and compare them to see if one is larger than the other, which is likely to indicate swelling.

Many people with swollen glands also experience pain while making sudden or strained movements. Such movements include sharply turning the neck, bobbing the head, or eating foods that are difficult to chew.

Swollen lymph nodes often occur alongside other symptoms. These vary depending on the underlying problem but may include a sore throat, cough, or flu-like symptoms.

Many different conditions cause the lymph nodes to swell, particularly the nodes in the head and neck. These conditions include autoimmune disorders, specific types of cancer, and common infections, such as the flu. Certain medications, such as antimalarials and antiseizure drugs, can also cause swelling.

Most people have localized lymphadenopathy, in which only the lymph nodes in one particular area of the body swell up. When more than one region swells, this is called generalized lymphadenopathy, and it usually signifies a systemic, or body-wide, disease that may require medical attention.

In the following sections, we discuss the possible causes of swollen lymph nodes in more detail.

Infections

Share on PinterestColds and flu may cause swollen lymph nodes.

The infections that can cause swollen lymph nodes are mostly viral. Common infections include:

• the common cold
• the flu
• sinus infections
• mononucleosis
• tonsillitis
• tooth or gum infections
• staph infections
• strep throat
• skin infections
• fungal infections

More severe infections that can cause swelling in one or multiple lymph node areas include:

• chicken pox
• tuberculosis
• measles
• rubella
• herpes
• Lyme disease
• HIV
• toxoplasmosis

Cat scratch fever, which is also called cat scratch disease, can cause localized lymph node swelling in the area near the cat scratch.

Immune system disorders

Immune disorders that can cause swollen lymph glands include:

• systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)
• rheumatoid arthritis
• Sjogren’s syndrome

Cancers

Much less commonly, swollen lymph nodes can also indicate a malignancy, or cancer, including:

• lymphoma
• Hodgkin disease
• leukemia
• metastases, or the spread of an existing cancer
• Kaposi sarcoma

Certain risk factors make a person more likely to have a malignant lymph problem, such as lymphoma. These include:

• being aged 40 years or older
• being male
• having white skin

People with a malignant lymph node may notice that the node feels hard or rubbery. They may also experience systemic symptoms, such as fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss.

Swelling in the groin lymph nodes

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as syphilis and gonorrhea, can cause swollen lymph nodes, typically in the groin area. Lymph nodes in the groin are also known as inguinal lymph nodes.

Recurring infections, lower body infections, and injury to the legs can also cause swollen lymph nodes in the groin.

In many cases, swelling reduces and then disappears within 2 to 3 weeks once the body has successfully fought the infection. If the problem persists for longer than a couple of weeks, it might warrant a visit to the doctor.

Other reasons to visit the doctor include:

• a lymph node that feels hard or rubbery to the touch
• a node that does not move freely
• a node that is an inch or more in diameter
• swollen lymph nodes that accompany night sweats, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or a high fever

A doctor can often diagnose the cause of swollen lymph nodes by carrying out a physical examination with a focus on the affected area and by discussing the person’s symptoms and medical history.

However, they may also order medical tests to determine the cause of the swelling. These tests may include a routine blood test to look for signs of infection.

Imaging tests can help a doctor look closely at the lymph nodes and the surrounding structures of the body. Imaging tests include:

• ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI scan

If the swelling continues for several weeks or a person has other warning signs, a doctor may recommend a lymph node biopsy. During this procedure, the doctor will numb the area, make a small cut, and remove a section of lymph node tissue to send to a laboratory for examination under a microscope.

Alternatively, they may opt for fine needle aspiration, which involves using a needle to remove some cells from the lymph node for analysis.

Share on PinterestDrinking plenty of fluids will help reduce symptoms that an infection may cause.

Lymph node swelling will usually disappear once the infection clears. The swelling may also go away when the person takes prescribed medications, such as antibiotics or antivirals.

Doctors may prescribe anti-inflammatory medication if a person has tissue swelling.

If an underlying medical condition is responsible for the lymph nodes swelling, treating this condition should reduce the swelling.

Common home remedies to treat the symptoms of swollen lymph nodes include:

• taking over-the-counter pain medicines, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• applying a warm wet compress to the affected area
• drinking plenty of fluids, such as water and fresh juices
• resting to help the body recover from the illness

Swollen lymph nodes are usually a symptom of another condition, such as an infection, and they tend to resolve on their own within several weeks.

It is best to consult a doctor if swollen lymph nodes persist for longer than 3 weeks or occur alongside other symptoms, such as high fever, abdominal pain, or night sweats. The cause of the swelling will determine the treatment.

Read the article in Spanish.

Swollen lymph nodes: Causes, diagnosis, and treatment

Swollen lymph nodes usually indicate a common infection, but they can also signal a medical condition, such as an immune disorder or, rarely, a type of cancer.

Lymph nodes are small, round structures that play a vital role in the body’s immune system. Swollen lymph nodes are also known as swollen glands.

In this article, we look at the causes of swollen lymph nodes, when to see a doctor, and treatment options.

The lymph nodes collect and filter fluids, waste materials, and harmful germs. The human body has hundreds of lymph nodes. The main lymph nodes that people may see or feel are found:

• under the jaw
• on each side of the neck
• under the armpits
• on either side of the groin

Lymph fluid flows in and out of the lymph nodes throughout the body before finally making its way back to the chest. While doing so, it collects and traps harmful matter, such as bacteria, viruses, and bodily waste products. The lymph nodes filter the fluid and release it back into the bloodstream together with salts and proteins.

Lymph nodes also contain immune cells that help fight infection by attacking the germs that the body’s lymph fluid has collected.

The lymph nodes may swell when a person has a temporary infection. The swelling occurs as a result of immune cell activity in the lymph nodes.

The location of the swelling often relates to the affected area. For example, an ear infection may cause swollen lymph nodes near the ear, while someone with an upper respiratory tract infection may notice swollen lymph nodes in their neck.

People can check whether their lymph nodes are swollen by gently pressing around the area, such as the side of the neck.

Swollen lymph nodes will feel like soft, round bumps, and they may be the size of a pea or a grape. They might be tender to the touch, which indicates inflammation. In some cases, the lymph nodes will also look larger than usual.

Lymph nodes appear in parallel on both sides of the body. People can check the nodes on each side and compare them to see if one is larger than the other, which is likely to indicate swelling.

Many people with swollen glands also experience pain while making sudden or strained movements. Such movements include sharply turning the neck, bobbing the head, or eating foods that are difficult to chew.

Swollen lymph nodes often occur alongside other symptoms. These vary depending on the underlying problem but may include a sore throat, cough, or flu-like symptoms.

Many different conditions cause the lymph nodes to swell, particularly the nodes in the head and neck. These conditions include autoimmune disorders, specific types of cancer, and common infections, such as the flu. Certain medications, such as antimalarials and antiseizure drugs, can also cause swelling.

Most people have localized lymphadenopathy, in which only the lymph nodes in one particular area of the body swell up. When more than one region swells, this is called generalized lymphadenopathy, and it usually signifies a systemic, or body-wide, disease that may require medical attention.

In the following sections, we discuss the possible causes of swollen lymph nodes in more detail.

Infections

Share on PinterestColds and flu may cause swollen lymph nodes.

The infections that can cause swollen lymph nodes are mostly viral. Common infections include:

• the common cold
• the flu
• sinus infections
• mononucleosis
• tonsillitis
• tooth or gum infections
• staph infections
• strep throat
• skin infections
• fungal infections

More severe infections that can cause swelling in one or multiple lymph node areas include:

• chicken pox
• tuberculosis
• measles
• rubella
• herpes
• Lyme disease
• HIV
• toxoplasmosis

Cat scratch fever, which is also called cat scratch disease, can cause localized lymph node swelling in the area near the cat scratch.

Immune system disorders

Immune disorders that can cause swollen lymph glands include:

• systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)
• rheumatoid arthritis
• Sjogren’s syndrome

Cancers

Much less commonly, swollen lymph nodes can also indicate a malignancy, or cancer, including:

• lymphoma
• Hodgkin disease
• leukemia
• metastases, or the spread of an existing cancer
• Kaposi sarcoma

Certain risk factors make a person more likely to have a malignant lymph problem, such as lymphoma. These include:

• being aged 40 years or older
• being male
• having white skin

People with a malignant lymph node may notice that the node feels hard or rubbery. They may also experience systemic symptoms, such as fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss.

Swelling in the groin lymph nodes

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as syphilis and gonorrhea, can cause swollen lymph nodes, typically in the groin area. Lymph nodes in the groin are also known as inguinal lymph nodes.

Recurring infections, lower body infections, and injury to the legs can also cause swollen lymph nodes in the groin.

In many cases, swelling reduces and then disappears within 2 to 3 weeks once the body has successfully fought the infection. If the problem persists for longer than a couple of weeks, it might warrant a visit to the doctor.

Other reasons to visit the doctor include:

• a lymph node that feels hard or rubbery to the touch
• a node that does not move freely
• a node that is an inch or more in diameter
• swollen lymph nodes that accompany night sweats, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or a high fever

A doctor can often diagnose the cause of swollen lymph nodes by carrying out a physical examination with a focus on the affected area and by discussing the person’s symptoms and medical history.

However, they may also order medical tests to determine the cause of the swelling. These tests may include a routine blood test to look for signs of infection.

Imaging tests can help a doctor look closely at the lymph nodes and the surrounding structures of the body. Imaging tests include:

• ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI scan

If the swelling continues for several weeks or a person has other warning signs, a doctor may recommend a lymph node biopsy. During this procedure, the doctor will numb the area, make a small cut, and remove a section of lymph node tissue to send to a laboratory for examination under a microscope.

Alternatively, they may opt for fine needle aspiration, which involves using a needle to remove some cells from the lymph node for analysis.

Share on PinterestDrinking plenty of fluids will help reduce symptoms that an infection may cause.

Lymph node swelling will usually disappear once the infection clears. The swelling may also go away when the person takes prescribed medications, such as antibiotics or antivirals.

Doctors may prescribe anti-inflammatory medication if a person has tissue swelling.

If an underlying medical condition is responsible for the lymph nodes swelling, treating this condition should reduce the swelling.

Common home remedies to treat the symptoms of swollen lymph nodes include:

• taking over-the-counter pain medicines, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• applying a warm wet compress to the affected area
• drinking plenty of fluids, such as water and fresh juices
• resting to help the body recover from the illness

Swollen lymph nodes are usually a symptom of another condition, such as an infection, and they tend to resolve on their own within several weeks.

It is best to consult a doctor if swollen lymph nodes persist for longer than 3 weeks or occur alongside other symptoms, such as high fever, abdominal pain, or night sweats. The cause of the swelling will determine the treatment.

Read the article in Spanish.

symptoms, causes, classification, what to do with inflammation of the lymph nodes

Therapist deals with the treatment of this disease

The information provided on this page should not be used for self-treatment or self-diagnosis. If you suspect a disease, you should seek help from a qualified specialist. Only your doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

Article content:

• What is the lymphatic system
• Functions of the lymph nodes
• What is lymphadenitis
• Causes
• Disease classification
• Symptoms
• Routes of infection
• Possible complications
• When to see a doctor
• Diagnostics
• Methods of treatment
• Disease prognosis and prevention

What is inflammation of the lymph nodes?

The lymphatic system ensures the normal functioning of the immune system, internal organs and tissues. One of the most common diseases of the lymphatic system is lymphadenitis of the lymph nodes. The disease has a different etiology, symptoms and degree of danger to health. In the article we will talk about how to recognize the pathology and what methods of treatment exist.

What is the lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is a network of lymphatic vessels and nodes. These vessels transport a special liquid – lymph. It is responsible for the transport of proteins, salts and metabolites into the blood.

Lymph nodes act as a filter. They purify the lymph from pathogenic microorganisms and foreign substances, due to which purified and safe lymphatic fluid enters the bloodstream. Source:
The role of lymph nodes in human life. Okunyaka O.M., Tumasyan T.I. Bulletin of science. 2019. №3. pp.60-62.

The lymphatic system performs three main functions:

1. Participates in immune defense. Together with the flow of lymph, pathogenic microorganisms enter the lymph nodes, where they are recognized and destroyed.
2. Maintains proper fluid levels in tissues. With an excessive amount of fluid, the lymphatic vessels “drain” organs and tissues.
3. Produces fat metabolism. Lymphatic vessels transport lipids, which are involved in almost all metabolic processes.

Functions of the lymph nodes

There are about 500 lymph nodes in the human body. They play the role of a barrier and a pump and perform several important functions:

• Hematopoietic. Lymph nodes are involved in the development of white blood cells – lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are cells of the immune system responsible for fighting various infections and diseases.
• Drainage, or transport. Lymph nodes play an important role in the transport of lymph, which enters the lymphatic vessels from the intercellular spaces of tissues. Due to this, exudate and metabolic products are utilized from the tissues.
• Barrier. Lymph nodes serve as a barrier to infected cells and microorganisms, preventing them from spreading throughout the body. They can also form antibodies that help neutralize and destroy infectious agents.

What is lymphadenitis

Lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes. In most cases, this is not an independent disease, but a complication of the primary pathology. It is most often a sign of a bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoal infection. Source:
Lymphadenopathy. Melikyan A.L., Egorova E.K., Kovrigina A.M. Clinical guidelines. 2018. p.5-30. Therefore, to find the cause of the inflammatory process, complex diagnostics are needed.

Depending on the etiology, one or more lymph nodes may become inflamed. With lymphadenitis, the following types of lymph nodes are usually affected:

• cervical;
• elbow;
• submandibular;
• popliteal;
• inguinal;
• axillary.

In lymphadenitis, the lymph node becomes enlarged and painful. This is due to an increase in the number of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system that collect inside it. If an infectious agent has entered the lymph node and caused the formation of an abscess or abscess, purulent inflammation may develop.

In the absence of timely treatment, lymphadenitis provokes the development of dangerous complications: the spread of infection to other tissues and organs, the formation of fistulas, sepsis. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor at the first sign of illness.

Causes

Most common causes:

• Infections. In most cases, inflammation in the area of ​​the lymph node occurs precisely against the background of infection: tonsillitis, scarlet fever, stomatitis, SARS, influenza, tuberculosis, brucellosis, chicken pox, etc.
• Injuries and operations. Any injury, surgery and other damage to the lymph node can cause inflammation.
• Allergic reactions. Some allergens activate a cascade of inflammatory responses.
• Oncological diseases. Lymphadenitis sometimes becomes one of the signs of malignant tumors of the lymphatic system, especially lymphoma.
• Autoimmune diseases. Lymph node inflammation can accompany systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

In some cases, it is not possible to determine the etiology of inflammation of the lymph node. Then a diagnosis of “lymphadenitis, unspecified” is established.

Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation offer several classifications of lymphadenitis.

Origin:

• Primary. Occurs when an infection or other cause of inflammation occurs directly in the lymph node. This most commonly occurs when bacteria or other pathogens enter the body through a skin wound, or when certain viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, infect the lymphatic system.
• Secondary. Occurs when an infection or other cause of inflammation is localized not in the lymph node itself, but elsewhere in the body. In this case, the inflammatory process spreads from the primary focus to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic vessels. For example, secondary lymphadenitis can occur with an infection of the pharynx or teeth, as well as in the presence of cancer or blood diseases.

Intensity and duration of inflammation:

• Acute. It is characterized by an abrupt onset, rapid progression, and an acute inflammatory response. Usually acute lymphadenitis is accompanied by pain, swelling, redness of the skin, fever and other signs of inflammation. Source:
  Treatment of chronic tonsillitis and acute lymphadenitis. Pavlova K.V. Medicines and rational pharmacotherapy. 2022. No. 5-2. pp. 90-91.
• Chronic. It is characterized by a sluggish long course and a low intensity of the inflammatory process. Most often it develops against the background of untreated acute lymphadenitis. The chronic form is characterized by two periods: exacerbation and remission. In the first case, clinical manifestations are pronounced, in the second – weakly or completely absent, an imaginary recovery occurs.
• Recurrent. It is characterized by periodic exacerbations of inflammation after a temporary improvement. Usually, relapses occur in the presence of a chronic infectious or inflammatory process in the body.

By the nature of inflammation:

• Purulent. It is characterized by the formation of pus inside the lymph node. It occurs as a result of an infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. As a rule, purulent lymphadenitis is accompanied by severe pain, swelling, redness of the skin and fever.
• Serous. It differs in the formation of serous fluid inside the affected lymph node, and the inflammatory process does not go beyond its capsule. Often found in children.

Localization:

• submandibular – usually occurs against the background of diseases of the oral cavity, teeth or pharynx;
• axillary – associated with infectious or oncological diseases of the breast;
• inguinal – occurs against the background of skin infections and skin lesions;
• cervical – develops when the pharynx, mouth, nose or ears are affected. Source:
  Diagnosis and management of cervical lymphadenitis. Skorlyakov V.V., Babiev V.F., Keshchyan S.S., Stagnieva I.V., Boyko N.V. Young scientist. 2017. No. 16. pp. 75-78;
• parotid – caused by infectious diseases of the ear or mouth;
• occipital – occurs against the background of pathologies of the skin or upper respiratory tract.

Symptoms

Symptoms of lymphadenitis depend on its type, location and cause. The most common signs of inflammation of the lymph node:

• swelling and tenderness of the affected lymph node;
• redness of the skin in the affected area;
• general weakness, fatigue and fever;
• pain and discomfort when touching an affected lymph node;
• headache;
• sometimes – nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite;
• excessive sweating, especially at night;
• change in color and texture of the skin in the area of ​​an inflamed lymph node;
• appearance of spots on the skin or other rashes.

Ways of infection

The primary cause of secondary lymphadenitis can be:

• trophic ulcer;
• caries;
• otitis;
• influenza;
• tonsillitis;
• angina;
• herpes;
• tumor;
• tuberculosis and more.

Lymphadenitis sometimes develops due to skin lesions such as scratches, wounds, or insect bites, which can become entry gates for bacteria.

Possible complications

Many people don’t even realize the danger of lymphadenitis. Without timely treatment, the disease leads to various, including dangerous consequences. Most often, the following complications develop:

• abscess – a limited accumulation of pus in the tissues, surrounded by a membrane;
• sepsis is a severe infectious disease in which the infection spreads throughout the body through the bloodstream;
• compression of surrounding tissues – enlarged lymph nodes cause discomfort and put pressure on neighboring tissues;
• thrombophlebitis – inflammation of the venous wall with the formation of blood clots that can clog the lumen of the vein;
• fistula – the formation of a pathological channel as a result of the accumulation of purulent fluid.

When to see a doctor

Lymphadenitis is diagnosed and treated by a vascular surgeon. It is necessary to consult a doctor at the first signs of the disease. The specialist will prescribe a diagnosis to identify the cause of inflammation and tell the patient what to do. Timely access to a doctor prevents the development of dangerous complications.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lymphadenitis is aimed at finding the cause of the inflammatory process, assessing the current state of the lymph node and the body as a whole. For this, a comprehensive examination is used:

• Inspection. The doctor examines the skin at the site of the affected lymph node, evaluates its size, shape, texture, temperature and sensitivity of the skin.
• General and biochemical blood test. Analyzes confirm the inflammatory and infectious process.
• Biopsy. Taking a sample of a lymph node for histological examination allows you to determine the cellular composition of the tissue and differentiate the tumor. Source:
  Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral lymphadenitis in children. Antonova S.S., Botvin’eva V.V., Sitnikov I.G. VSP. 2008. No. 3. pp.76-78.
• ultrasound. Ultrasound examination helps to determine the size and structure of the lymph node, as well as to identify the neoplasm.
• CT and MRI. The procedures are used for layer-by-layer study of the lymph node and surrounding soft tissues.
• Culture study. If lymphadenitis is caused by a bacterial infection, a bacterial culture is performed to determine the type of bacteria and select the most effective antibiotic.

Methods of treatment

The doctor chooses the method of treatment individually for each clinical case. It depends on the etiology of inflammation, the current state of the patient and associated complications. In most cases, conservative therapy is used, including medication, including:

• antibiotics if there is a bacterial infection;
• antiviral drugs – in the presence of a viral infection;
• antifungals – in the presence of a fungal infection;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – for the relief of inflammation and pain.

In addition, physiotherapy, compresses and massage are used. In the presence of abscesses, surgical intervention is indicated – removal of purulent contents and sanitation of the affected tissues.

Forecast and prevention of the disease

With timely visit to the doctor, lymphadenitis of the lymph node has a favorable prognosis. Early initiation of treatment allows you to achieve complete recovery, prevent the development of complications and the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Due to the lack of a single etiology, there is no specific prevention of lymphadenitis. The following recommendations will help prevent infection:

• Maintain good personal hygiene. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially after handling animals and visiting public places.
• Minimize contact with infected patients and visits to crowded places. If there is a sick person in the family, it is necessary to limit contact with him.
• Using only your own hygiene items. Do not use other people’s towels, razors, toothbrushes, etc.
• Strengthening immunity: giving up bad habits, maintaining physical activity, proper nutrition and regular walks in the fresh air.
• Timely treatment of diseases. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
• Vaccination. Timely vaccination helps prevent infections that can cause lymphadenitis. You need to be vaccinated both in childhood and in adulthood.

• Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral lymphadenitis in children. Antonova S.S., Botvin’eva V.V., Sitnikov I.G. VSP. 2008. No. 3. pp.76-78
• The role of lymph nodes in human life. Okunyaka O.M., Tumasyan T.I. Bulletin of science. 2019. №3. p.60-62
• Diagnosis and treatment of cervical lymphadenitis. Skorlyakov V.V., Babiev V.F., Keshchyan S.S., Stagnieva I.V., Boyko N.V. Young scientist. 2017. No. 16. pp.75-78
• Treatment of chronic tonsillitis and acute lymphadenitis. Pavlova K.V. Medicines and rational pharmacotherapy. 2022. No. 5-2. p.90-91
• Lymphadenopathy. Melikyan A.L., Egorova E.K., Kovrigina A.M. Clinical guidelines. 2018. p.5-30

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Article published : 15/02/2018
Last updated : 15/06/2023

See also

Chickenpox (chickenpox)

Scarlet fever in adults

Acute bronchitis

Purulent lymphadenitis: causes, symptoms and treatment

Contents

• 1 Problems with purulent lymphadenitis: symptoms, causes and effective treatment
  • 1. 1 Purulent lymphadenitis: concept and symptoms
    • 1.1. 1 What is purulent lymphadenitis?
    • 1.1.2 How does purulent lymphadenitis manifest itself?
    • 1.1.3 What can be the causes of purulent lymphadenitis?
  • 1.2 Causes of purulent lymphadenitis
  • 1.3 Symptoms of purulent lymphadenitis:
  • 1.4 Diagnosis of purulent lymphadenitis
    • 1.4.1 History taking
    • 1.4.2 Clinical examination
    • 1.4.3 Laboratory tests
    • 1.4.4 Instrumental tests
  • 1.5 Treatment of purulent lymphadenitis
    • 1.5.1 Antibiotics
    • 1.5.2 Surgery
    • 1.5.3 Supportive care
    • 1.5.4 Traditional remedies
    • 1.5.5 Prevention

    9 0010

  • 1.6 Prevention of purulent lymphadenitis
    • 1.6.1 Basic preventive measures
    • 1.6.2 Prevention in the treatment of the disease
    • 1.6.3 Recommendations for people prone to developing purulent lymphadenitis
  • 1. 7 Difficulties in the treatment of purulent lymphadenitis
    • 1.7.1 Non-specific symptoms
    • 1.7.2 Need for surgery
    • 1.7.3 Risk of recurrence of purulent adhesions
    • 1.7.4 Low efficacy of antibiotics
    • 1.7.5 Individual characteristics of treatment
  • 1.8 Who is at risk for purulent lymphadenitis?
  • 1.9 Untreated suppurative lymphadenitis: what can happen?
  • 1.10 When should I seek medical help for purulent lymphadenitis?
  • 1.11 What kind of medical care is provided for purulent lymphadenitis?
    • 1.11.1 Diagnosis
    • 1.11.2 Treatment
    • 1.11.3 Rehabilitation
  • 1.12 Q&A:
    • 900 09 1.12.0.1 What is purulent lymphadenitis?
      • 1.12.0.2 What symptoms accompany purulent lymphadenitis?
      • 1.12.0.3 How to treat purulent lymphadenitis?
      • 1.12.0.4 What are the causes of purulent lymphadenitis?
      • 1.12.0.5 Can purulent lymphadenitis cause complications?
      • 1. 12.0.6 How to prevent purulent lymphadenitis?
  • 1.13 Related video:

Purulent lymphadenitis is a dangerous disease that occurs when the lymph nodes become inflamed. Symptoms, causes and methods of treatment – in our article. Learn how to properly diagnose and avoid complications.

Purulent lymphadenitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the lymph nodes. Symptoms of purulent lymphadenitis may include pain around the lymph node, redness, and swelling. Lymphadenitis can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection, as well as other causes.

Purulent lymphadenitis can be very painful and unpleasant. Treatment depends on the cause of the disease. Milder forms of purulent lymphadenitis can be treated with medicated ointments and antibiotics, while more severe cases may require surgery to remove the infected node.

Seeing a doctor early can significantly reduce the risk of complications and speed up recovery. In this article, we look at the causes, symptoms, and treatment of suppurative lymphadenitis to help you understand this serious disease and take care of your health.

Purulent lymphadenitis: concept and symptoms

What is purulent lymphadenitis?

Purulent lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymphatic gland, which is accompanied by the formation of pus. Lymph glands are the musculoskeletal element of the immune system that fight various diseases. Purulent lymphadenitis can occur as a result of an infectious disease, a foreign body entering the body, or after an injury.

Nutrition

0%

Hormonal failure

0%

Improper skin care

0%

All of the above

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How does purulent lymphadenitis manifest itself?

Purulent lymphadenitis is an acute disease that manifests itself quickly and has pronounced symptoms. Among the first symptoms most often stand out: general malaise, fever, headache. There is swelling, soreness and redness of the lymphatic gland, which is located at the site of the lesion. The gland may increase in size, hard nodes appear. Limited swelling is observed, skin lesions in the form of acne or boils are possible.

What could be the causes of purulent lymphadenitis?

Purulent lymphadenitis can be caused by many factors. One of the most common is exposure to infectious agents. For example, contamination of the skin with dirt or dust can occur, leading to disease. Also, injuries, insect bites, allergic reactions can be causes. A rare case, but also possible chronic diseases, such as diseases of the blood cells.

Causes of purulent lymphadenitis

infections are the most common cause of purulent lymphadenitis. Bacteria or viruses entering the body can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes. For example, influenza or SARS can lead to inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck.

Dental and oral infections – Suppurative lymphadenitis may result from a dental infection or other oral infections that spread to the lymph nodes in the neck. For example, dental caries, periodontitis or periodontal disease can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes in the cheeks or submandibular areas.

Trauma – Suppurative lymphadenitis may result from trauma. For example, cuts, bruises, or bites can cause the lymph nodes in the affected area to become inflamed.

Weakened immunity – Some people are more susceptible to suppurative lymphadenitis if their immune system is weakened. In this case, even a small infection can lead to inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Skin conditions – Certain skin conditions, such as boils or abscesses, can cause nearby lymph nodes to become inflamed.

Oncology – sometimes purulent lymphadenitis can be a sign of cancer. For example, lymphoma or cancer of the head and neck can cause the lymph nodes in the neck to become inflamed.

Symptoms of purulent lymphadenitis:

Redness of the skin around the lymph node, which can cause itching and pain.

Pain , which can be felt as throbbing and aggravated by touch or pressure on the lymph node.

Swelling of the lymph node and surrounding tissues, which can lead to a feeling of heaviness and discomfort in the affected area.

Purulent contents that may appear inside the lymph node and cause swelling, pain and fever.

Increased body temperature when the disease causes a febrile reaction of the body, which leads to tension and fatigue.

The appearance of scars on the skin in the place where the purulent contents of the tonsils or lymph nodes were drained.

The presence of these symptoms may indicate the presence of purulent lymphadenitis. If you notice at least one of these symptoms, you should see a doctor as soon as possible to diagnose and treat the disease.

Diagnosis of purulent lymphadenitis

History taking

When contacting a doctor, the patient should tell about his symptoms, when they began to appear, how long they last and whether he has other diseases or allergies. Also, the doctor will clarify whether the patient had an injury or infection before the appearance of purulent lymphadenitis.

Clinical examination

The doctor examines the patient, examines the node of the lymphatic system, specifies its size, nature (painful or not), the condition of the surrounding tissues. The doctor may also prescribe laboratory and instrumental studies to confirm the diagnosis.

Laboratory tests

• Clinical blood test to determine the presence of inflammation.
• Bacteriological analysis of blood and the contents of a node of the lymphatic system helps to identify the causative agent of the infection.

Instrumental examinations

1. Ultrasound helps to determine the size of the node and its internal structure.
2. Computed tomography (CT) may be ordered to more accurately image the node and surrounding tissues.

To confirm the diagnosis of purulent lymphadenitis, the doctor can use several diagnostic methods, depending on the patient’s condition and the nature of the disease. It is very important to correctly diagnose and treat purulent lymphadenitis in order to avoid complications and maintain health.

Treatment of purulent lymphadenitis

Antibiotics

One of the most common treatments for purulent lymphadenitis is antibiotics. They are designed to fight the infection that caused the lymph nodes to become inflamed.

For the correct selection of antibiotics, you should consult a doctor who will determine the type of pathogen and advise the most effective drug.

Surgery

In more severe cases, surgery may be performed to remove the purulent mass. Surgery is required if the pus has not only filled the lymph node, but also spread to nearby tissues or caused severe pain.

Maintenance therapy

An important component of the treatment of purulent lymphadenitis is maintenance therapy. It includes not only taking antibiotics, but also diet, rest and skin care. You should also avoid physical exertion and contact with dust and dirt to prevent the recurrence of the disease.

Folk remedies

In addition to traditional medicine, folk remedies can help in the fight against purulent lymphadenitis. One of the most effective is a compress of chamomile or calendula infusion. Eating immune-boosting plant foods such as garlic, ginger, and onions is also helpful.

• Do not forget that folk remedies are not a panacea and do not replace a full-fledged treatment.
• Always consult a specialist before using any prescription.

Prevention

To avoid the occurrence of purulent lymphadenitis, you must follow the rules of hygiene, treat injuries in time and crumble with a weakened immune system. Particular attention should be paid to personal hygiene after working with dirt and animals, using special means for disinfecting hands and body.

Prevention of suppurative lymphadenitis

Basic preventive measures

Purulent lymphadenitis must be prevented by following basic preventive measures. Maintaining hand hygiene, washing the skin regularly, and treating wounds and scratches are important measures to prevent the occurrence of purulent lymphadenitis.

Particular attention should be paid to prophylaxis after bites from insects or other animals. If the bite occurs on exposed skin, immediately wash the bite with soap and water and try to stop the bleeding.

Prevention in the treatment of disease

Equally important are the preventive measures that must be observed during the treatment of the disease. It is necessary to take antibiotics and other medicines only when prescribed by a doctor and in accordance with the regimen, without interrupting the course of treatment.

It is important to prevent re-infection after treatment. After visiting a medical facility or contact with an infected person, it is necessary to completely disinfect the place of contact.

Recommendations for people prone to developing purulent lymphadenitis

People prone to developing purulent lymphadenitis should take care of skin hygiene, avoid skin injuries, do not self-treat boils, bites and other wounds on the skin. They should see a doctor for preventive treatment.

Do not abuse alcoholic beverages and nicotine, as they negatively affect the immune system and contribute to the occurrence of purulent processes in the body.

Difficulties in the treatment of purulent lymphadenitis

Non-specificity of symptoms

One of the main problems in the treatment of purulent lymphadenitis is that in the initial stage of the disease the symptoms may not be very bright and inexpressive. A person may experience mild discomfort or discomfort, which makes diagnosing the disease a difficult task. Because of this, treatment can start late, which increases the time needed for a full recovery.

Necessity of operation

Purulent lymphadenitis in most cases requires surgical intervention. However, not always the patient can agree to the operation. In such cases, when treatment with conservative methods does not give the expected results, the disease can become chronic, which increases the risks of consequences and complicates treatment.

Risk of recurrence of purulent adhesions

Even after a successful operation to remove the purulent adhesion, the patient remains at risk of recurrence of the tumor. This is because the affected lymph node may be more susceptible to various infections and viral diseases. To reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease after treatment, it is necessary to observe strict treatment and prevention by the patient and the doctor.

Low efficacy of antibiotics

Although antibacterial drugs are often used in the complex therapy of purulent lymphadenitis, the low efficacy of this group of drugs is another significant problem in the treatment of the disease. Some patients may not respond to the antibiotics commonly used to treat suppurative lymphadenitis, which can make treatment more difficult and prolong the illness.

Individual features of treatment

In addition to the general difficulties, the treatment of purulent lymphadenitis may be due to the individual characteristics of the patient. For example, some people may have allergic reactions to certain medications, which can lead to serious complications. In such situations, the doctor must find a compromise solution and choose an individual method of treatment for each patient.

Who is at risk for suppurative lymphadenitis?

Purulent lymphadenitis is a serious and dangerous disease that can lead to complications and tissue damage. There is a group of people who are at greater risk of getting purulent lymphadenitis:

• Immunocompromised people: such people suffer from frequent colds and the possibility of inflammatory processes in the body. This means that their body may not be able to cope with the disease, and the inflammation may become more severe and spread to other organs.
• People with diabetes: people with diabetes have high blood sugar levels, making them more susceptible to infections and the negative effects of inflammation.
• People with chronic diseases: such people have a weaker immune system and an increased possibility of inflammatory processes.
• People with skin lesions: Wounds, cuts and other injuries to the skin compromise the integrity of the skin, making it more susceptible to infection.

However, purulent lymphadenitis can develop in anyone who has open wounds or cuts and comes into contact with contaminated material. Therefore, everyone should be careful in handling open wounds and cuts, and maintain hygiene.

Without treatment for purulent lymphadenitis: what can happen?

Purulent lymphadenitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the lymph nodes. It can result from a bacterial infection or injury. If you do not pay attention to it, the consequences can be serious.

• Spread of infection throughout the body. Purulent lymphadenitis, not treated in a timely manner, can lead to further spread of bacteria throughout the body. This can lead to complications and the development of diseases that can be much more serious.
• Development of sepsis. If the infection enters the blood, then there is a risk of developing sepsis, a serious condition that can lead to organic failure and even cardiac arrest.
• Fistulas and abscesses. Some forms of purulent lymphadenitis can lead to the formation of fistulas and abscesses. This may require surgery and long-term treatment.

In general, purulent lymphadenitis is a serious disease that requires timely treatment. If you suspect that you have signs of this disease, see your doctor for advice.

When should I seek medical help for purulent lymphadenitis?

Purulent lymphadenitis can cause serious complications, so it is important not to delay the visit to the doctor and get qualified medical care on time.

At the first signs of purulent lymphadenitis, such as swollen lymph nodes, pain, redness and swelling of the skin in the affected area, you should immediately consult a doctor. The earlier the disease is detected, the easier and faster its treatment.

If purulent lymphadenitis is ignored, it can lead to the development of an abscess, sepsis and other dangerous complications. At the first signs of the disease, you should not self-medicate, as this will only worsen the situation.

A qualified physician will identify the pathology through a clinical examination and laboratory tests. For the treatment of purulent lymphadenitis, antimicrobials, liquid heat, physiotherapy and surgery may be prescribed. In most cases, the disease is successfully treated if you contact a specialist on time and follow his recommendations.

• Do not postpone a visit to the doctor, if you have signs of purulent lymphadenitis.
• Self-medication may aggravate the disease.
• Seeing your doctor early can help you avoid serious complications.
• Delaying treatment may lead to abscess, sepsis and other dangerous conditions.

What kind of medical care is provided for purulent lymphadenitis?

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of purulent lymphadenitis consists in a general examination, examination and palpation of the affected area. It may also be necessary to conduct laboratory tests, such as bacteriological studies of purulent contents, blood and urine tests. It is necessary to exclude such diseases, including oncology.

Treatment

Treatment of purulent lymphadenitis consists of antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention. The appointment of antibiotics depends on the sensitivity of the pathogen. Surgical intervention is performed if the inflammation cannot be treated with conservative methods. With the help of the operation, purulent plaque and affected tissues, including lymph nodes, are removed.

Rehabilitation

After treatment, a rehabilitation period is required. It consists in taking the recommended drugs, observing doctors and undergoing rehabilitation procedures. It is recommended to use hot compresses on the affected area to facilitate the outflow of purulent contents. It is also recommended to undergo a course of physiotherapy to speed up recovery and strengthen immunity.

• Diagnosis of purulent lymphadenitis is to conduct a general examination, laboratory tests.
• Treatment of purulent lymphadenitis consists of antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention.
• After treatment, a rehabilitation period is necessary.

Q&A:

What is purulent lymphadenitis?

Purulent lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes, which is accompanied by the formation of pus.

What symptoms accompany purulent lymphadenitis?

Common symptoms of purulent lymphadenitis include: soreness and swelling of the lymph nodes, fever, headache, fatigue and weakness.