What is uvulitis. How is uvulitis diagnosed. What are the main causes of uvulitis. What are the common symptoms of uvulitis. How is uvulitis treated. What is the prognosis for uvulitis. Can uvulitis lead to complications.

Understanding Uvulitis: An Overview of Uvula Inflammation

Uvulitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the uvula, the small, tongue-shaped tissue that hangs from the top of the back part of the mouth. This condition often occurs in conjunction with inflammation of other oral structures, such as the palate, tonsils, or pharynx. To fully comprehend uvulitis, it’s essential to understand the role of the mouth in the digestive system and immune defense.

The mouth serves as the starting point of the digestive tract, with teeth and salivary glands playing crucial roles in breaking down food for digestion. Additionally, the tonsils act as a first line of defense against infections. When uvulitis occurs, it can disrupt these normal functions and cause discomfort for the affected individual.

Underlying Causes of Uvulitis: From Infections to Injuries

Uvulitis can arise from various factors, with the primary cause being an infection caused by streptococcus bacteria. However, several other conditions and circumstances can lead to uvula inflammation:

• Injuries to the back of the throat
• Allergic reactions to pollen, dust, pet dander, or certain foods (e.g., peanuts, eggs)
• Inhalation or ingestion of specific chemicals
• Smoking
• Medical procedures such as endoscopy or tonsil removal surgery
• Damage resulting from acid reflux

Understanding these diverse causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment of uvulitis. Can environmental factors contribute to uvulitis development. Yes, exposure to irritants like smoke or chemicals can potentially trigger uvula inflammation in susceptible individuals.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Uvulitis

Identifying uvulitis early is key to prompt treatment and relief. The condition manifests through various symptoms, which may include:

• Fever
• A sensation of something being stuck in the throat
• Choking or gagging feelings
• Persistent coughing
• Pain during swallowing
• Excessive saliva production
• Decreased appetite or complete loss of appetite

Is it possible for uvulitis to occur without noticeable symptoms. While rare, some cases of mild uvulitis may present with minimal symptoms, making regular oral health check-ups important for early detection.

Diagnostic Approaches for Uvulitis

When uvulitis is suspected, healthcare providers employ various diagnostic methods to confirm the condition and identify its underlying cause. The diagnostic process typically involves:

1. A thorough physical examination, including visual inspection of the mouth, uvula, and throat
2. Throat swab to detect any causative pathogens
3. Blood tests to assess overall health and identify any systemic infections
4. Allergy tests if an allergic reaction is suspected as the cause

How accurate are throat swabs in diagnosing bacterial uvulitis. Throat swabs are generally highly accurate in identifying bacterial infections, including those causing uvulitis, but they may occasionally produce false negatives or positives.

Effective Treatment Strategies for Uvulitis

The treatment approach for uvulitis varies depending on its underlying cause and severity. In some cases, uvulitis may resolve on its own without medical intervention. However, when treatment is necessary, it may include:

• Antibiotics to combat bacterial infections
• Steroids to reduce uvula swelling
• Antihistamines to manage allergic reactions

In addition to prescribed medications, healthcare providers often recommend several home remedies to alleviate symptoms:

• Getting ample rest to support the body’s healing process
• Increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration
• Gargling with warm salt water to reduce swelling
• Using over-the-counter pain relievers
• Utilizing throat lozenges or sprays for pain relief
• Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke exposure

In rare cases where swelling persists despite medical treatment, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove a portion of the uvula. Are there any natural remedies that can help alleviate uvulitis symptoms. While not scientifically proven, some individuals find relief from uvulitis symptoms through natural remedies such as honey, chamomile tea, or saltwater gargles, but these should not replace professional medical advice.

Prognosis and Recovery Timeline for Uvulitis

The outlook for individuals with uvulitis is generally positive. In most cases, the condition resolves within 1 to 2 days, either spontaneously or with appropriate treatment. This quick recovery time highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention.

Can uvulitis recur after initial treatment. While not common, some individuals may experience recurrent uvulitis, particularly if the underlying cause (such as allergies or acid reflux) is not adequately managed.

Potential Complications of Untreated Uvulitis

While uvulitis is typically a benign condition, severe cases that go untreated can lead to serious complications. The primary concern is the potential for severe swelling to obstruct the airway, causing choking and restricting breathing. This underscores the importance of seeking medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.

How quickly can uvulitis progress to a point where it affects breathing. The progression of uvulitis can vary, but in severe cases, significant swelling affecting breathing may develop within hours to days, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt medical intervention when necessary.

Preventive Measures and Long-term Management of Uvulitis

While not all cases of uvulitis can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk of developing the condition or experiencing recurrences:

• Maintaining good oral hygiene to prevent bacterial infections
• Avoiding known allergens that may trigger uvula inflammation
• Quitting smoking and limiting exposure to secondhand smoke
• Managing underlying conditions such as acid reflux
• Staying hydrated to keep the throat moisturized
• Avoiding irritants like spicy foods or alcohol if they trigger symptoms

Is uvulitis contagious. Uvulitis itself is not contagious, but the underlying bacterial infections that often cause it, such as strep throat, can be transmitted from person to person.

The Role of Uvula in Speech and Swallowing

The uvula plays a significant role in various physiological functions, including speech and swallowing. During speech, it helps to produce certain sounds, particularly in some languages that use uvular consonants. In the process of swallowing, the uvula works in conjunction with the soft palate to close off the nasal passages, preventing food and liquids from entering the nose.

How does uvulitis affect these functions. Uvulitis can temporarily impair speech clarity and cause discomfort during swallowing. In severe cases, it may lead to a nasal quality in the voice or difficulty in pronouncing certain sounds.

Uvulitis in Children: Special Considerations

While uvulitis can affect individuals of all ages, it presents unique challenges when occurring in children. Young children may have difficulty articulating their symptoms, making diagnosis more challenging. Additionally, the smaller airways in children mean that uvula swelling can more quickly lead to breathing difficulties.

What signs should parents watch for in children with suspected uvulitis. Parents should be alert to signs such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, refusal to eat or drink, muffled voice, and any signs of respiratory distress. Prompt medical attention is crucial if these symptoms are observed.

The Connection Between Uvulitis and Sleep Apnea

Recent research has explored the potential link between chronic uvulitis and sleep apnea. The inflammation and enlargement of the uvula can contribute to airway obstruction during sleep, potentially exacerbating or even triggering sleep apnea symptoms in some individuals.

Can treating chronic uvulitis improve sleep apnea symptoms. In some cases, addressing chronic uvulitis through medical or surgical interventions may lead to improvements in sleep apnea symptoms, though this relationship requires further study and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Differential Diagnosis: Distinguishing Uvulitis from Similar Conditions

Accurate diagnosis of uvulitis is crucial for appropriate treatment. However, several conditions can present with similar symptoms, making differential diagnosis important. These conditions may include:

• Tonsillitis
• Peritonsillar abscess
• Epiglottitis
• Pharyngitis
• Angioedema

How do healthcare providers differentiate between these conditions. Healthcare providers use a combination of physical examination, patient history, and diagnostic tests to distinguish uvulitis from other similar conditions. The specific location and appearance of inflammation, along with associated symptoms, help guide the diagnosis.

The Impact of Uvulitis on Quality of Life

While often a short-lived condition, uvulitis can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life during its acute phase. The discomfort associated with swallowing can lead to decreased food and fluid intake, potentially resulting in dehydration and malnutrition if prolonged. Additionally, the persistent sensation of something in the throat and potential sleep disruption can cause fatigue and irritability.

What strategies can help manage the day-to-day impact of uvulitis. Patients can benefit from modifying their diet to include soft, cool foods, using a humidifier to keep the air moist, and ensuring adequate rest. Open communication with family, friends, and employers about the temporary limitations imposed by the condition can also help manage expectations and reduce stress.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Uvulitis Management

As medical research continues to advance, new insights into uvulitis are emerging. Current areas of investigation include:

• Development of rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial causes of uvulitis
• Exploration of novel anti-inflammatory treatments with fewer side effects
• Investigation into the potential role of probiotics in preventing recurrent uvulitis
• Studies on the long-term effects of chronic or recurrent uvulitis on oral health

How might these research directions impact future uvulitis treatment. These research avenues hold the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, expand treatment options, and enhance our understanding of uvulitis prevention, ultimately leading to more effective and personalized management strategies for patients.

Uvulitis Information | Mount Sinai

Swollen uvula

Uvulitis is inflammation of the uvula. This is the small tongue-shaped tissue that hangs from the top of the back part of the mouth. Uvulitis is usually associated with inflammation of other mouth parts, such as the palate, tonsils, or throat (pharynx).

The mouth is the origination of the digestive tract. The teeth and salivary glands aid in breaking down food for digestion. The tonsils aid against infections.

Causes

Uvulitis is mainly caused by an infection with streptococcus bacteria. Other causes are:

• An injury to the back of the throat
• An allergic reaction from pollen, dust, pet dander, or foods such as peanuts or eggs
• Inhaling or swallowing certain chemicals
• Smoking

Injury can occur due to:

• Endoscopy – test that involves inserting a tube through the mouth into the esophagus to view the lining of the esophagus and stomach
• Surgery such as tonsil removal
• Damage due to acid reflux

Symptoms

Symptoms may include any of the following:

• Fever
• Feeling like something is in your throat
• Choking or gagging
• Coughing
• Pain while swallowing
• Excessive saliva
• Decreased or no appetite

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and look in your mouth to view the uvula and throat.

Tests that may done include:

• Throat swab to identify any germs that are causing your uvulitis
• Blood tests
• Allergy tests

Treatment

Uvulitis may get better on its own without medicines. Depending on the cause, you may be prescribed:

• Antibiotics to treat an infection
• Steroids to reduce swelling of the uvula
• Antihistamines to treat an allergic reaction

Your provider may suggest you do the following at home to ease your symptoms:

• Get lots of rest.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Gargle with warm salt water to reduce swelling.
• Take over the counter pain medicine.
• Use throat lozenges or a throat spray to help with the pain.
• Don’t smoke and avoid secondhand smoke, both of which can irritate your throat.

If the swelling does not go away with medicines, your provider may advise surgery. Surgery is done to remove a part of uvula.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Uvulitis usually resolves in 1 to 2 days either on its own or with treatment.

Possible Complications

If swelling of uvula is severe and goes untreated, it may cause choking and restrict your breathing.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your provider if:

• You are unable to eat properly
• Your symptoms are not getting better
• You have a fever
• Your symptoms return after treatment

If you are choking and having trouble breathing, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away. There, the provider may insert a breathing tube to open your airway to help you breathe.

Prevention

If you test positive for an allergy, avoid the allergen in future. An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction.

Riviello RJ. Otolaryngologic procedures. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts & Hedges’ Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 63.

Wald ER. Uvulitis. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 10.

Last reviewed on: 8/31/2021

Reviewed by: Josef Shargorodsky, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Uvulitis – UF Health

Definition

Uvulitis is inflammation of the uvula. This is the small tongue-shaped tissue that hangs from the top of the back part of the mouth. Uvulitis is usually associated with inflammation of other mouth parts, such as the palate, tonsils, or throat (pharynx).

Alternative Names

Swollen uvula

Causes

Uvulitis is mainly caused by an infection with streptococcus bacteria. Other causes are:

• An injury to the back of the throat
• An allergic reaction from pollen, dust, pet dander, or foods such as peanuts or eggs
• Inhaling or swallowing certain chemicals
• Smoking

Injury can occur due to:

• Endoscopy – test that involves inserting a tube through the mouth into the esophagus to view the lining of the esophagus and stomach
• Surgery such as tonsil removal
• Damage due to acid reflux

Symptoms

Symptoms may include any of the following:

• Fever
• Feeling like something is in your throat
• Choking or gagging
• Coughing
• Pain while swallowing
• Excessive saliva
• Decreased or no appetite

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and look in your mouth to view the uvula and throat.

Tests that may done include:

• Throat swab to identify any germs that are causing your uvulitis
• Blood tests
• Allergy tests

Treatment

Uvulitis may get better on its own without medicines. Depending on the cause, you may be prescribed:

• Antibiotics to treat an infection
• Steroids to reduce swelling of the uvula
• Antihistamines to treat an allergic reaction

Your provider may suggest you do the following at home to ease your symptoms:

• Get lots of rest.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Gargle with warm salt water to reduce swelling.
• Take over the counter pain medicine.
• Use throat lozenges or a throat spray to help with the pain.
• Don’t smoke and avoid secondhand smoke, both of which can irritate your throat.

If the swelling does not go away with medicines, your provider may advise surgery. Surgery is done to remove a part of uvula.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Uvulitis usually resolves in 1 to 2 days either on its own or with treatment.

Possible Complications

If swelling of uvula is severe and goes untreated, it may cause choking and restrict your breathing.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your provider if:

• You are unable to eat properly
• Your symptoms are not getting better
• You have a fever
• Your symptoms return after treatment

If you are choking and having trouble breathing, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away. There, the provider may insert a breathing tube to open your airway to help you breathe.

Prevention

If you test positive for an allergy, avoid the allergen in future. An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction.

Images

References

Riviello RJ. Otolaryngologic procedures. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts & Hedges’ Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 63.

Wald ER. Uvulitis. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 10.

Last reviewed August 31, 2021 by Josef Shargorodsky, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team..

Related specialties

Uvulitis (inflammation of the uvula) – causes, symptoms and treatment

Definition of the disease: what is uvulitis

Uvulitis is an acute inflammation of the uvula or uvula. Translated from Latin, uvula means “tongue” – the shape of the organ resembles an oblong berry.

Uvula helps to pronounce specific “trembling” sounds – such are, for example, in French, Arabic, Georgian and Native American languages.

This small process is located at the entrance to the larynx – along the median line of the posterior edge of the soft palate. The uvula secretes saliva, pushes food along with the tongue to the esophagus and, when swallowed, closes the nasal passages so that pieces of food and liquid do not get there.

Uvulu is easy to see if you open your mouth wide and look in the mirror – this is a “drop” that hangs over the base of the tongue

The uvula is a very sensitive and delicate organ. It consists of connective tissue and is covered with a mucous membrane. If for some reason (for example, due to infection, severe coughing or smoking) the vessels inside the uvula burst, a hematoma is formed. – the palatine uvula swells, severe pain appears.

Causes of uvulitis

Uvulitis rarely occurs as an independent disease – most often inflammation develops against the background of viral and bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract. For example, during a sore throat or pharyngitis, the doctor, upon examination, may see that the uvula has turned red and a white coating has appeared on it – a trace that bacteria leave on the mucous membrane.

The uvula can also become swollen and painful due to smoking, improper gastrointestinal function, or allergies to food, pollen, and pets.

Possible causes of uvula inflammation:

• viral infections: uvulitis may be a concomitant symptom of diseases caused by influenza viruses, herpes viruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus. For example, the uvula becomes inflamed with tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis. In some patients, uvulitis appears against the background of COVID-19;
• Bacterial and fungal infections: Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae can also cause uvula inflammation. Often uvulitis becomes a complication of oral candidiasis (thrush) – damage to the oral cavity by fungi of the genus Candida;
• allergy: edema may be the body’s reaction to an antigen – a substance that the immune system perceives as suspicious and tries to destroy. If the allergic reaction is particularly strong, Quincke’s edema can develop – a dangerous condition when the eyes, lips, tongue and uvula suddenly swell;
• genetic feature: with congenital angioedema, the body lacks a special protein that restrains the immune system and prevents it from attacking its own body by mistake. In people with this pathology, edema may appear in different parts of the body even due to cold, some foods and minor injuries;
• exposure to chemicals and tobacco: uvula has been known to become inflamed after inhaling gasoline, paint, solvents, tobacco smoke, and e-cigarette fumes;
• snoring or severe coughing can be both causes and symptoms of uvulitis;
• dehydration: when the body loses water – due to overheating, diarrhea, vomiting or improper drinking regimen – it tries to retain the remaining fluid in organs and tissues, which may cause edema, including edema of the uvula;
• sexually transmitted diseases: gonorrhea and syphilis often cause inflammation of the larynx, tonsils, gums, tongue and uvula;
• gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): a disease of the digestive system in which many patients experience laryngopharyngeal reflux, the backflow of gastric juice into the esophagus and then into the throat, leading to inflammation in the oral cavity;
• injuries: uvulitis is often a complication after surgery, when the patient is intubated – a plastic tube is inserted that helps the person breathe under anesthesia.

Symptoms of uvulitis

With uvulitis, the sore throat usually comes on suddenly when eating, after a sudden cough or sneeze. Sometimes the uvulitis makes itself known for the first time at night – it becomes difficult for a person to breathe, there may be a feeling that a lump is stuck in the throat. At the same time, if you try to clear your throat, the pain will only increase.

The main symptom of uvulitis is unbearable and sudden pain in the throat

Other common symptoms of uvulitis:

• high body temperature and chills;
• Gagging – appear because the enlarged uvula presses on the root of the tongue;
• dry cough that brings no relief;
• shortness of breath;
• increased salivation;
• white coating on tongue and uvula;
• snoring.

Uvulitis diagnostics

Sometimes uvulitis goes away on its own in a few days. But if the symptoms persist longer and the general state of health has worsened, you need to tell the doctor – therapist or otolaryngologist about this.

The doctor will examine – swelling, bright red or bluish color of the palatine uvula, film and sores on its tip will indicate uvulitis.

Immediate medical attention may be required if breathing becomes difficult and shortness of breath worsens.

Laboratory diagnostics

Laboratory tests may be required to clarify the diagnosis and understand the true cause of uvula inflammation.

A complete blood count with a leukocyte formula will help to understand the nature of the inflammation – it is associated with a viral, bacterial or fungal infection.

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To accurately diagnose the causes of uvulitis, it is important to understand which viruses triggered the inflammation.

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If, upon examination, a gray or yellowish coating is noticeable on the uvula and the patient has enlarged lymph nodes, liver and spleen, this may be a symptom of infectious mononucleosis, a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

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If an allergy is suspected, allergy tests are performed – tests that help to understand which antigen triggers the reaction. Allergic uvulitis can be triggered by any allergen — plant pollen, food, dust, and pet dander.

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Treatment of uvulitis

Usually, the uvula quickly returns to normal if the underlying disease is dealt with. The doctor will select the treatment – it depends on the cause of the uvulitis.

If swelling is due to allergies, antihistamines are prescribed.

Antivirals, antifungals, or antibiotics may be needed to clear the infection if the infection is caused by bacteria.

In case of severe edema and to relieve inflammation, the doctor may recommend physiotherapy procedures – drug inhalations and phonophoresis Phonophoresis A method of physiotherapy that combines the use of drugs and the action of ultrasonic high-frequency waves..

Treatment of uvulitis at home

Regardless of the cause of uvulitis, symptomatic treatment is prescribed to alleviate the condition – lozenges and sprays for sore throat. To reduce swelling and pain, you can gargle with warm salt water – one teaspoon of salt per glass of water.

It is also useful to drink plenty of warm water – this will help minimize the effects of intoxication in case of infectious uvulitis. In addition, it is important to monitor the humidity in the room: dry air will irritate the uvula, which can lead to a coughing fit.

It is advisable to give up solid food for a while in favor of pureed soups and mashed potatoes.

Prognosis of uvulitis and possible complications

With timely diagnosis, the disease responds well to treatment and rarely leads to complications. Uvulitis itself is not contagious, but viruses and bacteria are transmitted from person to person, which cause inflammation of the uvula.

Isolated uvulitis rarely causes severe complications. The danger is diseases due to which the palatine uvula has increased, including angioedema and false croup.

Sometimes uvulitis turns from an acute form into a chronic one: edema and pain are not amenable to conservative treatment and often return. In this case, an operation may be required – removal of part of the uvula.

There is no absolute protection against uvulitis, but you can reduce the risk of inflammation of the palatine uvula if you follow personal hygiene measures during respiratory infections, stop smoking, monitor your drinking regimen and avoid meeting with allergens that can cause uvula edema.

Sources

1. Babiyak V. I. Otorhinolaryngology. Volume 1. St. Petersburg, 2009. S. 476.
2. Uvulitis / Health Library by Cleveland Clinic. 2022.
3. Lathadevi H. T., Karadi R. N., Thobbi R. V., Guggarigoudar S. P., Kulkarni N. H. Isolated uvulitis: An uncommon but not a rare clinical entity // Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005. No. 57(2). P. 139–140. doi:10.1007/BF02907669

Uvulitis | Causes of occurrence

12/31/2018

Inflammation of a small process located on the posterior edge of the palate, occurring in an acute form, is called uvulitis. The onset of the pathological process is characterized as rapid, and its main manifestations are severe pain in the throat , sensation of a foreign body and difficulty breathing. The uvula plays a significant role in the formation of sounds , and also has protective functions, preventing food from entering the nasopharynx. The pathological process proceeds both in acute and in chronic form.

Causes of uvulitis

As the most likely causes of uvulitis, it is necessary to indicate damage to blood vessels in the palatine uvula, tonsillitis , rhinitis, sinusitis, caries, consequences of adenotomy, tonsillar abscess, trauma to the palatine uvula, 9 0023 allergic reactions organisms, thermal lesions of the oral cavity , side effects of a number of pharmacological preparations, especially those taken uncontrollably. Most often, uvulitis occurs after surgery for removal tonsils or adenoids .

Depending on the causes of the development of the pathological process, uvulitis is divided into medicinal, traumatic, allergic, viral and bacterial. Predominantly, the disease develops due to the pathogenic activity of a number of microorganisms. The main route of entry of pathogens of the infectious process into the palatine uvula is hematogenous.

Symptoms of uvulitis

In addition to the above characteristic manifestations of uvulitis, the symptoms of the disease are: swelling and redness of the uvula, hyperthermia, headache of moderate intensity, increased body fatigue, muscle pain, excessive salivation, impaired speech , ulcerative formations on the mucous membrane of the palatine uvula, cough, itching in the throat .

Allergic uvulitis may be accompanied by runny nose and skin rashes. The development of the inflammatory process proceeds very brightly and cannot be classified as ailments. The appearance of the above symptoms should be the reason for the immediate appeal to the doctor and urgent therapy . Practitioner in the field of diagnosis and treatment of uvulitis is otolaryngologist .

Doctor attaches great importance to the symptoms of the inflammatory process, which the patient tells him about. Next, the specialist proceeds to the examination, during which he establishes the need for additional laboratory research procedures. To determine the nature of the development of the pathological process, general and biochemical blood tests allow, and a bacteriological analysis of a smear from the mucous membrane of the palatal uvula helps to identify the direct infectious agent. Identification of the causative microorganism plays a decisive role in the choice of antimicrobials during the therapy .