How is Vantin dosed for urinary tract infections. What are the indications for using Vantin. What are potential drug interactions and adverse effects of Vantin. When should Vantin be used with caution.

Understanding Vantin: An Overview of Cefpodoxime

Vantin, known generically as cefpodoxime proxetil, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. This medication belongs to the class of drugs called beta-lactam antibiotics, which work by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefpodoxime is particularly effective against many common pathogens responsible for respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections.

Cefpodoxime is available in two forms: film-coated tablets and granules for oral suspension. The choice between these formulations depends on the patient’s age, the type of infection, and individual preferences. Both forms are designed to deliver the active ingredient effectively, ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Dosing Guidelines for Vantin in Adults and Adolescents

The dosage of Vantin varies depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. For adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older, the following dosing regimens are typically recommended:

• Uncomplicated urinary tract infection: 200 mg daily, divided into 100 mg every 12 hours for 7 days
• Pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis: 200 mg daily, divided into 100 mg every 12 hours for 5 to 10 days
• Acute community-acquired pneumonia: 400 mg daily, divided into 200 mg every 12 hours for 14 days
• Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: 400 mg daily, divided into 200 mg every 12 hours for 10 days
• Skin and skin structure infections: 800 mg daily, divided into 400 mg every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days
• Acute maxillary sinusitis: 400 mg daily, divided into 200 mg every 12 hours for 10 days

For uncomplicated gonorrhea and rectal gonococcal infections in women, a single dose of 200 mg is recommended.

Vantin Dosing for Pediatric Patients

Vantin is also approved for use in infants and children aged 2 months to 12 years. The dosing for pediatric patients is based on body weight and the type of infection:

• Acute otitis media: 10 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg/day), divided into 5 mg/kg every 12 hours (maximum 200 mg/dose) for 5 days
• Pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis: 10 mg/kg/day (maximum 200 mg/day), divided into 5 mg/kg every 12 hours (maximum 100 mg/dose) for 5 to 10 days
• Acute maxillary sinusitis: 10 mg/kg/day (maximum 400 mg/day), divided into 5 mg/kg every 12 hours (maximum 200 mg/dose) for 10 days

Special Considerations for Vantin Administration

When administering Vantin, several factors should be considered to ensure optimal efficacy and patient safety:

Food Interactions

Vantin tablets should be taken with food to enhance absorption. This recommendation is based on pharmacokinetic studies showing improved bioavailability when the drug is consumed with meals. However, the oral suspension form of Vantin may be given without regard to food, offering more flexibility in administration, especially for pediatric patients.

Renal Impairment

For patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), the dosing interval should be increased to every 24 hours. Patients on hemodialysis should receive the medication three times per week after dialysis sessions. It’s crucial to adjust the dosage based on the patient’s renal function to prevent drug accumulation and potential toxicity.

Hepatic Impairment

Patients with cirrhosis, with or without ascites, do not require dose adjustments as cefpodoxime pharmacokinetics in these individuals are similar to those in healthy subjects. This characteristic makes Vantin a suitable option for patients with liver disease who require antibiotic therapy.

Preparation and Storage of Vantin Oral Suspension

The preparation of Vantin oral suspension requires careful attention to ensure the correct concentration and stability of the medication:

1. Shake the bottle to loosen the granules.
2. Add the specified amount of distilled water in two approximately equal portions.
3. Shake vigorously after each addition of water.
4. Once constituted, store the suspension in a refrigerator between 2째C to 8째C (36째F to 46째F).
5. Shake well before each use.

The exact volume of water needed depends on the final concentration and volume of suspension being prepared. For example, a 50 mL suspension with a concentration of 50 mg per 5 mL requires a total of 29 mL of distilled water.

Indications and Clinical Applications of Vantin

Vantin is indicated for the treatment of various bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Its broad spectrum of activity makes it effective against many common pathogens, including:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only)
• Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase producing strains)
• Moraxella catarrhalis
• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci)
• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Proteus mirabilis
• Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains)

The specific indications for Vantin include:

1. Respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis, tonsillitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis)
2. Skin and skin structure infections
3. Urinary tract infections
4. Acute maxillary sinusitis
5. Acute otitis media in pediatric patients
6. Uncomplicated gonorrhea (urethral and endocervical)

Potential Drug Interactions and Precautions

While Vantin is generally well-tolerated, it’s important to be aware of potential drug interactions and take necessary precautions:

Drug Interactions

• Probenecid: May increase serum concentrations of cefpodoxime
• Antacids: May reduce the absorption of cefpodoxime
• H2 receptor antagonists: May decrease the bioavailability of cefpodoxime

Precautions

Vantin should be used with caution in patients with:

• Known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or penicillins
• History of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis
• Severe renal impairment

Patients should be monitored for signs of superinfection with non-susceptible organisms, particularly during prolonged treatment courses.

Adverse Effects and Safety Profile of Vantin

Like all medications, Vantin can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common adverse reactions include:

• Diarrhea (7%)
• Nausea (3.3%)
• Vaginal fungal infections (3.3%)
• Abdominal pain (1.2%)
• Headache (1%)

Less common but potentially serious side effects may include:

• Allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis)
• Pseudomembranous colitis
• Hemolytic anemia
• Hepatic dysfunction

Patients should be advised to report any unusual symptoms or persistent side effects to their healthcare provider promptly.

Efficacy of Vantin in Treating Urinary Tract Infections

Vantin has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Clinical studies have shown that a 7-day course of cefpodoxime at 100 mg twice daily is as effective as other commonly used antibiotics for UTIs, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ciprofloxacin.

The advantages of using Vantin for UTIs include:

• Broad-spectrum activity against common uropathogens
• Good tissue penetration in the urinary tract
• Convenient twice-daily dosing
• Generally well-tolerated with a low incidence of side effects

However, it’s important to note that antibiotic selection should be based on local resistance patterns and individual patient factors. Healthcare providers should consider obtaining urine cultures before initiating therapy, especially in complicated cases or recurrent infections.

Vantin in the Context of Antimicrobial Stewardship

As antibiotic resistance continues to be a global health concern, the use of Vantin, like all antibiotics, should be guided by principles of antimicrobial stewardship. This approach aims to optimize antibiotic use while minimizing the development of resistance and improving patient outcomes.

Key considerations for responsible use of Vantin include:

• Confirming the necessity of antibiotic therapy before prescribing
• Using the narrowest spectrum antibiotic effective against the suspected pathogen
• Adhering to recommended dosing regimens and treatment durations
• Monitoring patient response and adjusting therapy as needed
• Educating patients on the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics

By implementing these strategies, healthcare providers can help preserve the effectiveness of Vantin and other antibiotics for future generations.

Vantin Dosage Guide – Drugs.com

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Generic name: cefpodoxime proxetil 50mg in 5mL
Dosage form: granule, for suspension – tablet, film coated
Drug class: Third generation cephalosporins

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Feb 13, 2023.

(See INDICATIONS AND USAGE for indicated pathogens.)

FILM-COATED TABLETS

VANTIN Tablets should be administered orally with food to enhance absorption. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY.)

The recommended dosages, durations of treatment, and applicable patient population are as described in the following chart:

Adults and Adolescents (age 12 years and older)

GRANULES FOR ORAL SUSPENSION

VANTIN Oral Suspension may be given without regard to food. The recommended dosages, durations of treatment, and applicable patient populations are as described in the following chart:

Adults and Adolescents (age 12 years and older)

Infants and Pediatric Patients (age 2 months through 12 years)

Patients with Renal Dysfunction

For patients with severe renal impairment (<30 mL/min creatinine clearance), the dosing intervals should be increased to Q 24 hours. In patients maintained on hemodialysis, the dose frequency should be 3 times/week after hemodialysis.

When only the serum creatinine level is available, the following formula (based on sex, weight, and age of the patient) may be used to estimate creatinine clearance (mL/min). For this estimate to be valid, the serum creatinine level should represent a steady state of renal function.

Patients with Cirrhosis

Cefpodoxime pharmacokinetics in cirrhotic patients (with or without ascites) are similar to those in healthy subjects. Dose adjustment is not necessary in this population.

Preparation of Suspension

Constitution Directions For Oral Suspension

Constituted Volume	Final Concentration	Directions
50 mL	50 mg per 5 mL	Suspend in a total of 29 mL of distilled water. Method: First, shake the bottle to loosen granules. Then add the water in two approximately equal portions, shaking vigorously after each aliquot of water.
75 mL	50 mg per 5 mL	Suspend in a total of 44 mL of distilled water. Method: First, shake the bottle to loosen granules. Then add the water in two approximately equal portions, shaking vigorously after each aliquot of water.
100 mL	50 mg per 5 mL	Suspend in a total of 58 mL of distilled water. Method: First, shake the bottle to loosen granules. Then add the water in two approximately equal portions, shaking vigorously after each aliquot of water.
50 mL	100 mg per 5 mL	Suspend in a total of 29 mL of distilled water. Method: First, shake the bottle to loosen granules. Then add the water in two approximately equal portions, shaking vigorously after each aliquot of water.
75 mL	100 mg per 5 mL	Suspend in a total of 43 mL of distilled water. Method: First, shake the bottle to loosen granules. Then add the water in two approximately equal portions, shaking vigorously after each aliquot of water.
100 mL	100 mg per 5 mL	Suspend in a total of 57 mL of distilled water. Method: First, shake the bottle to loosen granules. Then add the water in two approximately equal portions, shaking vigorously after each aliquot of water.

After mixing, the suspension should be stored in a refrigerator, 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Shake well before using. Keep container tightly closed. The mixture may be used for 14 days. Discard unused portion after 14 days.

More about Vantin (cefpodoxime)

• Check interactions
• Compare alternatives
• Reviews (6)
• Drug images
• Side effects
• During pregnancy
• Drug class: third generation cephalosporins
• Breastfeeding

Patient resources

• Advanced Reading
• Vantin (Cefpodoxime Suspension)
• Vantin (Cefpodoxime Tablets)

Professional resources

• Prescribing Information

Related treatment guides

• Bladder Infection
• Bronchitis
• Gonococcal Infection, Disseminated
• Gonococcal Infection, Uncomplicated

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

Cefpodoxime – WikEM

Contents

• 1 General
• 2 Adult Dosing
  • 2.1 Bronchitis (chronic)
  • 2.2 Acute bacterial infection
  • 2.3 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
  • 2.4 Acute community acquired pneumonia
  • 2.5 Acute rhino sinusitis
  • 2.6 Skin and soft tissue infection
  • 2.7 Urinary tract infection, uncomplicated
• 3 Pediatric Dosing
  • 3.1 General
  • 3.2 Specific indication
• 4 Special Populations
• 5 Contraindications
• 6 Adverse Reactions
  • 6.1 Serious (<1%)
  • 6.2 Common
• 7 Pharmacology
• 8 See Also
• 9 References

General

• Type: 3rd generation cephalosporin
• Dosage Forms: tablet, oral suspension
• Dosage Strengths: tablet: 100mg, 200mg; oral suspension: 50mg/5mL, 100mg/5mL
• Routes of Administration: PO
• Common Trade Names: Cefopodoxine Proxetil, Vantin

Adult Dosing

Bronchitis (chronic)

• 200mg q 12 h for 10 days

Acute bacterial infection

• 200mg q 12 h for 10 days

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis

• 100mg q 12 h for 5-10 days

Acute community acquired pneumonia

• 200mg q 12 h for 14 days

Acute rhino sinusitis

• 200mg q 12 h for 10 days

Skin and soft tissue infection

• 400mg q 12 h for 14 days

Urinary tract infection, uncomplicated

• 100mg q 12 h for 7 days

Pediatric Dosing

General

• Infant ≥2 months to children <12 years: 10mg/kg/day (maximum 200mg/dose) q 12 h
• Children >12 years to adolescent: 100 to 400mg q 12 h

Specific indication

• Bronchitis (chronic), acute bacterial infection
  • Adult dosing for Infant ≥2 months to children <12 years
• Acute otitis media
  • Infant ≥2 months to children <12 years: 5mg/kg/dose (maximum 200mg/dose) q 12 h for 5 days, duration according to AAP recommendation ^[1]: for children < 2 years or any age with sever symptoms; 10 day-course, age 2-**5 years with mild to moderate symptoms: 7 day-course; age ≥ 6 years with mild to moderate symptoms: 5 day-course
• Pharyngitis/tonsillitis:
  • Infant ≥2 months to children <12 years: 5mg/kg/dose (maximum 100mg/dose) q 12 h for 5-10 days
  • Children >12 years to adolescent: adult dosing
• Acute sinusitis
  • Infant ≥2 months to children <12 years: 5mg/kg/dose (maximum 200mg/dose) q 12 h for 10 days, ISDA recommend adding Clindamycin for 10-14 days in patients with failed initial therapy or at risk of antibiotic resistance (attending daycare, age <2 years, recently hospitalised, antibiotic used with in 1 month) ^[2]
  • Children >12 years to adolescent: adult dosing
• Skin soft tissue infection and uncomplicated urinary tract infection
  • Children >12 years to adolescent: adult dosing

Special Populations

• Pregnancy Rating: B
• Lactation: excreted in breast milk, not recommended for nursing women
• Renal Dosing
  • Adult
    • CrCl >30 mL/minute: dosage adjustment not needed
    • CrCl <30 mL/minute: administer q 24 h
    • Hemodialysis: 3 times/week following dialysis
  • Pediatric: not defined
• Hepatic Dosing: dosage adjustment not nescessary

Contraindications

• Allergy to class/drug
• Caution:
  • Hypersensitivity to [[penicillin]
  • Renal impairment
  • Concurrent nephrotoxic agent
  • Seizure disorder
  • Recent antibiotic-associated colitis

Adverse Reactions

Serious (<1%)

• Anaphylaxis
• Hypotension
• Nephritis
• Pseudomembranous colitis
• Seizures
• Leukopenia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Anemia
• Exfoliative dermatitis
• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
• C. diff associated diarrhea

Common

• Diaper rash
• Diarrhea
• Nausea/vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Dyspepsia
• Headache
• Candidiasis, vulvovaginal

Pharmacology

• Half-life: 2-3 h, prolonged to ~10 h if CrCl <30 mL/minute
• Metabolism: De-esterified in GI tract to active metabolite
• Excretion: Urine
• Mechanism of Action: Inhibit bacterial cell walls synthesis (binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

See Also

References

1. ↑ Lieberthal A. et al.The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media.Pediatrics Mar 2013, 131 (3) e964-e999
2. ↑ Chow AW et.al. ISDA clinical practice guideline for acute bacterial rhino sinusitis in children and adult.Clinical Infect Dis.2012 Apr;54(8):e72-e112

Authors:

• Yajai Apibunyopas
• Ross Donaldson
• Jonathan Warren
• Matin Shah
• Daniel Eggeman
• Neil Young
• Claire
• Daniel Ostermayer
• Michael Holtz

Poems about ducks and ducks

Ducklings and a stream
Running out of silver springs,
The stream rolls over stones.
He sets an example for the ducklings,
Pronouncing “r” very cleanly.
And the ducklings, thanks to the brook,
Pronounce “quack” very clearly.
_{Vladimir Orlov}

Ducks

Ducks swim in the pond.
I’ll come closer,
“Uchi-uti” – I’ll tell them,
I’ll offer them chervyachkov.

Ducks – a worm.
The rest is for the gander.
So that he becomes well-fed, kind,
He did not offend the little ones.
_{Tatyana Gusarova
***}

The duck went to the river.
And she led the ducklings.
Tells them: quack-quack-quack,
Don’t be naughty kids in vain.
Don’t go far.
Don’t run after the bugs.
Keep your heads straight,
Row quickly with your paws.
And the ducklings: quack-quack-quack-
Mom, teach me how to dive!
^{Gorenburgova R.
***}

Ducks I’ll get up early in the morning –
And to the river, to the ducks!
Let the road be not easy,
I will take them a worm.
The ducks will say: “Quack-quack!
He came here for a reason!”
_{Alla Akhundova
***}

Short poems about ducks and ducklings

Waddling importantly,
Bravely jumping into the river
And, speaking of something, 9000 5 In the river splashing: quack-quack!
***

Ducklings

Went out with mother light
Yellow ducklings,
And they swam down the river
Little guys.
***

Tuki – tuki – points –
Duck – on a tussock,
And ducklings in the reeds
Hurry to catch duckweed!
^{Weaver Е
***}

Uti-uti-ducks —
White breasts,
Twisted feathers,
Turned paws.
Ducks are swimming in the pond,
I am going to them with a present –
Soft white bread.
Swim boldly!
^{Ray A.
***}

I’m going to the water now.
Who is swimming in the pond?
By the bushes where the forget-me-nots,
Duck fish are guarding.
A brood of ducklings is nearby,
All ducklings want to eat.
Speaking to them about something,
Ducks quack: — Quack-quack!
***

A waddling duck came to the lake
A duck brought ducks behind her,
Quack – Quack said,
You swim after me
Quack – Quack and with your paws
Row under water.
^{Klementieva V.
***}

A funny ducklings,
Very friendly guys.
In the morning everyone goes to the pond,
Adventure awaits them there.
“Quack” mother duck said,
“Here are my little ones swimming!”
^{Lukanova L.
***}

Walking along the forest path,
Slightly waddling, like barrels,
Singing “quack-quack-quack”
Mother duck and daughter duck.
Hastened, as always,
Though still small in sprouts,
Plunge into the cold
Pond of the hasty duck-daughter.
“Get out of the water –
You won’t get a worm!”,
But she burst into tears in response
Capricious duck-daughter.
And puffed up like a turkey-cock,
Or, maybe, like a barrel,
Then
The mother duck stomped on the duck-daughter with her paw.
And then, closing their eyes,
Warming themselves, lying on the sand,
Like fluffy balls,
Duck-mother and duck-daughter.
The sun has disappeared behind the hill,
Night has come…
Sleeps under mother’s wing
restless duck-daughter.
^{М.0005 is boring to swim in the shell,
is too small a backwater.
It’s a pity, I’m sorry for the ducklings –
they want to swim in the lake,
but don’t get excited:
at first you need to learn
you need to swim aground –
ships don’t interfere,
the pike won’t swallow the evil one …
Still, it’s better in the swamp –
a lot of delicious worms,
water striders, fireflies,
tadpoles, leeches
and insects, and boogers,
and mosquito larvae.
Momus A.
***}

Joking poem about a duck

A duck was walking along the river,
Here there is expanse for the stomach:
There are shells, fish, mud.
Tired of holding on decently,
A duck gets into the water
And does this:
Bulk – under the water with his head,
Only the tail above the wave
Splashes like a white banner.
We watched the news
And it never happened,
That the duck drowned.
^{Shimko I.
***}

Quack the duckling came to the pond,
He chose a flexible rod stronger,
He tied a rope to it,
I dug up half a jar of worms,
I threw a bait and waited,
When the carp starts pecking
Why does the duckling Quack need carp?!
You won’t guess, friends!! —
Krya sent dinner to Sazan!
There is no hook on the rope!
^{Efimova T.}
***

Mother of the duck Quack-quack-quack
A very friendly family.
Ducklings swim together
And all the guys dive.
Everyone wants to swim after mom,
They make a friendly, cheerful noise,
They collect water in the beak,
They eat flies, worms.
The sun is shining in the sky,
The breeze is playing with the wave,
The blue splashes are shining,
And the ducklings “Quack” are screaming!
^{Pisman Z.
***}

We are funny ducklings,
Ooty – ooty, baby.
We live on the Lake,
We sing songs merrily!
Tili – tili, quack-quack – quack,
Come to us friends.
See how we play,
And dive for fish.
We play hide-and-seek in the grass,
We have fun without looking back.
And to the sounds: quack-quack – quack,
We always rush to mommy.
Our feathers, fluff,
Serve us like a float.
We deftly swim on the water,
To swim like this requires skill.
We are funny ducklings,
Ooty – duck that baby.
We live on the Lake,
We sing songs together!
^{Rybkin V.
***}

An instructive poem about ducks and crows
^{48 but we don’t see our own)}

Two ducklings picked up
Earthworm
Stretched like a rubber band –
Fuck! and there were two pieces…

Yellow to the right, black to the left
Flies upside down,
And the crow looks from the branch
And the crow says:

“Impossible manners!
Look, Sophie. ..
Raised by mother duck…
Phi, what greed! Fi!”

Aunt Dasha suddenly threw out the window
Korka was thrown into the garden.
Two crows clashed instantly –
Only feathers fly.

And the ducklings are terribly happy…
“Look, Sophie…
Who brought up? Barboska?
Phi! And very fi!”
^{Sasha Cherny
***}

Duck counting

Ten little ducklings
At night everyone goes to bed:
One is the bravest duckling,
Two is a little clumsy,
Three – the duckling was cunning,
A four – daring!
Five – turned out to be a glutton!
Six – remained dirty!
Seven – the duckling was a rascal!
Eight – groaned all the way!
Nine – quickly went to bed,
And the tenth, the most important one –
He grabs your hand!
^{Shvetsova G.
***}

Other poems about ducks and ducklings
“The Brood” Berestov.
“Ooty-ooty” Agniya Barto.
“Duck” S. Mikhalkov. (A sad poem about a hunter and a duck.)
“Ducklings” Berestov

The death of Yuri Gagarin on the UTI MiG-15 – FAKI

The first cosmonaut of the planet Yuri Gagarin died on March 27, 1968
years near the village of Novoselovo near Moscow during a training flight on the MiG-15,
along with him on board the plane was instructor Vladimir
Seregin.

March 27, 1968, at 10:18:45, having received permission
flight director, training and combat double jet fighter MiG-15
took the start. Yuri Gagarin and his instructor Vladimir Seregin were to
perform in this training test flight the usual bank turns exercises
30 degrees, turns of a small spiral, diving, conclusions in a combat turn and in
completion – two “barrels” (rotation around the longitudinal axis by 360 degrees without
direction change).

Gagarin, as befits a trainee, was sitting in the front cockpit, Seregin was in
back. On that day, having left the taxiway, Gagarin and Seregin were already at risk
– the training flight was organized in violation of strict flight instructions.
Ground radio altimeter turned out to be faulty, flight altitude control
carried out according to the reports of the crews. The leadership group did not work and
photo attachments for shooting radar indicator screens. Radar schemes
postings were applied to tracing paper according to the data of the operators transmitted to the flatbed player via
means of communication, which greatly reduced their accuracy and reliability.

Training MiG-15, built twelve years ago, in 1956, passed two
overhaul, the engine was repaired four times. Two were installed on the spark
outboard fuel tanks, which worsened the aerodynamics of the car.

The departure of the weather reconnaissance was delayed and took place instead of 9.00 according to the plan at 9.50.
He landed at 10.18, that is, just before the start of Gagarin and Seregin.
The pilots were told that the lower edge of the clouds was at an altitude of 900 m, while
in fact, it turned out to be much lower – within 400-500 m. On that day, almost
Simultaneously with Gagarin’s Sparka (its call sign is “625”), another one rose into the sky
(“614”), which made a flight after the repair. But did she pass on her way to her
zone through the Gagarin zone remained unclear – at least it could
pass the.

But that’s not all. A minute after the takeoff of Gagarin and Seregin (at 10.20)
took off into the air two faster aircraft – the MiG-21. Breaking through the clouds
(when climbing), they overtook the pair of Gagarin and Seregin. This
was also a violation, since a collision of aircraft is possible.
The flight director, allowing a pair of MiG-21 aircraft to climb up to 5000 m,
warned the leader of the pair “Your right is the 625th in the set.” In reply
I heard “I understand you. I don’t see it, it’s cloudy here … ”In such a situation
the head is obliged to stop flying, but he did not.

In his zone, Gagarin began to perform the planned exercises. But the instructor colonel
Seregin, apparently assessing the dangerous situation (low cloud cover; the presence of another
training aircraft), shortened the task. Radio traffic fixed the time interval between reports on
beginning and end of the task 4 min. 20
sec.

At 10.25 the crew of the 625th reported that they had taken a height of 4200 m in the zone. Following the course
70, Gagarin performed a left and right turns in a row. At 10.30 reported the completion
assignments and requested heading 320. Having received permission to descend, the crew proceeded to
implementation. Thus, instead of twenty minutes, Gagarin worked only four.

In violation of all rules, into the airspace of the zone where the spark was located,
without warning, a Su-11 high-speed jet fighter invaded. Supervisor
flights were not warned about this. Su-11 penetrated the entire thickness of the air from below
up – almost vertically, and rushed so close to the Gagarin spark,
that on the locator screen, the marks from both aircraft at some point merged. IN
conditions of heavy cloudiness of the spark of Gagarin and Seregin, hitting several tops
trees, crashed into the ground three kilometers from the village of Novoselovo.

MiG-15 is very reliable in control, and stalling it into a tailspin is always
accompanied by warning shaking; so just some unexpected
circumstance could lead to an unfavorable development of events. Supervisor
flights, judging by the tracing paper of the radar wiring, led the Su-11, mistaking it for
Gagarin’s plane. Two facts testify to this. First, Gagarin
requested a course of 320 degrees, and the one who was being guided by the earth at that time was following the course
220 degrees. Secondly, the flight director followed the imaginary plane
Gagarin until 10.43. The commission found that the crash occurred at 10.31 – at 12
minutes before.

Not surprisingly, the assistant manager wrote in his report “To my calls
Colonel Gagarin did not answer … “Neither Gagarin nor Seregin could no longer answer –
they died. The best scientific forces of the country participated in the investigation of the disaster,
institutes, laboratories, as well as individual scientists, engineers, pilots, astronauts.

Unfortunately, the UTI MiG-15 did not yet have a “black box” (system
automatic registration of flight parameters – ARPP), which greatly complicated
work of the state commission. “Carefully collected everything that was left of the crew
and aircraft,” recalls Doctor of Technical Sciences Professor Sergei Mikhailovich
Belotserkovsky. – The rarest fact in world practice when the elements were collected
design of the airframe, power plant, units, control systems and instruments,
it turned out that we have 95 percent of the empty weight of the aircraft. Average
the indicator for catastrophes occurring in the world is about 70 percent. Was collected
and laid out in the appropriate places on the mock-up stand all the glazing of the lanterns
cabins – more than a thousand fragments. Almost completely reproduced
the surface of the lanterns, which made it possible to decide whether or not there was a collision with
birds, balloons and probes, with other aircraft. ” By stuck position
mechanisms, components and parts; arrow prints on the scale; according to shedding of luminous mass
the shooter deciphered the readings of all the main instruments, and also established
the position of the rudders, ailerons and trim tabs on the aircraft.

Diversion (explosion, poisoning), fire, loss of consciousness by the crew were excluded. Before
to the very end, Gagarin and Seregin remained efficient, skillfully and energetically
piloted the plane, hoping to save it. On the computer, specialists carried out thorough
calculations of various types of maneuver that Gagarin and Seregin could perform on
the last leg of the flight. As a result, it turned out that the plane fell into a tailspin and quickly
lost about 4000 m altitude. Possible reasons for spinning
the next hit in the vortex wake was indicated; evasive maneuver
real or imaginary obstacle; the impact of a gust of wind, and
collision with a balloon or a bird. Judging by the prints on the scale of the device,
fixing the pressure drop in the cabin, before hitting the ground it was
depressurized. However, there are no traces of a collision on the wreckage of the aircraft.
found, therefore, the commission recognized the impact on
tree tops plane.

The State Commission has long and carefully studied the circumstances and reasons
the death of a spark. Twenty-nine volumes with materials of the Soviet investigation
management classified, which gave an extra reason for all kinds of rumors and
assumptions. So, for example, they said that Gagarin and Seregin (or one of them)
were drunk. “This is absolutely out of the question,” Belotserkovsky is categorical. – For
skeptics and those of little faith, I will give only one proof – the results of anonymous
three times conducted at different institutes of chemical and biological analyzes of the remains
Gagarin and Seryogin. No alcohol was found in the blood. Unfortunately these evil
The speculation proved to be very beneficial to some. Apparently, it was written off a lot … “. WITH
I fully agree with the professor Sergey Mikhailovich Egupov, a veteran of Zvezdny,
for many years carefully collecting space history “Gossip that Yuri
Alekseevich was drunk that day that Vladimir Sergeevich Seregin was bad
instructor is complete nonsense.

Somewhere they even added that Gagarin was taken away by aliens. Imagine!
The Deputy Head of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center was predicted in
CPC chiefs. Yuri Alekseevich was inundated with organizational and public
work. In addition, he was going to space again, was Komarov’s understudy during
Soyuz-1 flight, so I wanted to restore the former flight form.

It was possible to establish that next to the fighter Gagarin and Seregin suddenly
turned out to be another plane, most likely the same Su-11 with tail number 36. Gagarin
I had to dodge sharply to avoid a collision. Perhaps while he
caught in the vortex wake of another car. This led to the fact that the MiG, which has
due to external fuel tanks, aerodynamics were deteriorated, fell into a tailspin.
Sparka Gagarin – Seregina made 3-5 turns, rapidly rushing to the ground.
The pilots did not pull the handles on themselves to failure, but acted competently – gradually
took the plane out of a dive, reaching a tenfold overload.

“Let’s restore the possible course of events,” continues Belotserkovsky. – IN
as a result of falling into the vortex wake behind the 614th aircraft in front and a sharp
collision avoidance (or only for the second reason) Gagarin’s plane and
Seregina fell into a tailspin. The crew, of course, immediately began to take the car out of
corkscrew, while being between the clouds and not restoring the spatial
orientation. They managed to stop the rotation of the aircraft. According to the weather forecast,
the pilots knew that the height of the lower edge of dense clouds was 900 m. But they don’t
assumed that in fact they were five hundred meters lower. They could not take into account
and another. Many years after the start of research, new experiments
confirmed a curious (and, for pilots in distress, tragic) phenomenon.
It is known that during a rapid descent, the altimeter overestimates the altitude. Seregin,
apparently, he didn’t know anything else – on the spark, where there are two dashboards,
the delay (and, consequently, the error in the readings) of the instruments increases
about twice. The pilots were sure that after leaving the clouds they would have time to withdraw
the plane to its normal position, and therefore did not use the means
ejection.

They lacked about one and a half to two seconds, 200-250 m in height, towards
the forest rushed. Judging by the results of medical tests, they did not even have time
get scared. This was found out by the content of adrenaline in the blood … “. Hero of the Soviet
Union cosmonaut Colonel-General of Aviation German Stepanovich Titov, who was a member of
the composition of the commission, said at the end of the 90s “The study of Belotserkovsky, on
in my opinion, the only more or less reliable study. Although he also
there are doubtful places. Well, Gagarin and Seregin would have got into the jet of the Su-11,
turned over. It cost nothing to take the plane out. I myself with Volodya Grushin
once on such an aircraft with tanks, an inverted corkscrew was spinning. According to the prints
scale of the device that fixes the pressure drop in the cabin, depressurization of the cabin
occurred before hitting the ground. The commission that studied the causes
disaster, believed that this happened when the plane touched the tops of the trees.
And I think there was a collision in the air. But with what – with a bird, with
geodesic balloon… To assert something without evidence, without
Want. I need to find one detail. Once I dreamed of retiring, I’ll take it
mine detector and I will wander through the Kirzhach forests. Now retired and free
no time. Then I thought to involve the pioneers in the search, but now there are no pioneers either.
You need to look for a fragment of the aircraft. MiG-15 Gagarin and Seregin knocked something in
flight on the right wing. In any swept wing, the center of pressure is not
coincides with the center of rigidity. Vibrations occur at high speeds. To
pay them off, make them smaller, put an anti-flutter ending weight of 40
kg. I think they hit the end of the wing and the right wingtip was repulsed. As a result
deformation, loss of aerodynamic quality, destruction of the canopy glazing and
catastrophe. They collided, apparently, with the suspension of a meteorological probe,
which launch in Dolgoprudny. They rise to a height of about 20 km,
the shell bursts, and the probe on the “sausage” descends. Found in the crash zone
eight old balloons. Maybe Gagarin and Seregin’s plane collided with
one of them during the flight. After all, a special load is tied to the balls –
heavy. This load could have hit the wing or cockpit. The solution to the disaster
in the ending. The left one was in the pit, the right one was not found…”

General Yu. V. Kulikov, combat
pilot, who later held the posts of head of air force flight safety and
of the same department in the Ministry of Defense, having familiarized himself with the materials of the commission, came to
conclusion that the cause of the tragedy is “a catastrophic lack of flight practice”
Gagarin and Seryogin. However, members of the commission, cosmonauts Leonov, Titov, test pilot Mikoyan, professor
Belotserkovsky and others strongly disagree with this statement. They are high
opinions about Seregin’s professional qualities “His flying skills received formation at the front,
where he successfully made about 200 sorties on the Il-2 aircraft.
Participated in 19air battles, shot down 3 aircraft
enemy.

In 1953 V.S. Seregin graduated from the Faculty of Engineering of VVIA named after N.E.
Zhukovsky and, in accordance with his desire, was appointed to a testing institute
Air Force. He began flying as a test pilot on a UTI MiG-15 aircraft. Good
engineering training, the experience of a pilot who went through a harsh school of war, allowed
Vladimir Sergeevich quickly enter the ranks of test pilots. Him more than once
had to get into difficult situations, making difficult test flights,
including the development of recommendations regarding the minimum weather when entering the
landing, on the establishment of flight restrictions and so on.

In 1958 he was awarded the qualification of a test pilot of the second class,
and in 1967 – the first class. Since 1964 he has been a first-class military pilot,
moreover, this qualification was confirmed twice – in 1966 and 1967. Had almost
five years of teaching experience. His total flight time was over 4,000.
hours. As a pilot, he was very reliable, cool-headed, highly skilled and
highly disciplined.”

It is sometimes doubted whether Gagarin’s worldwide fame affected his
relation to flying. No, Yuri Alekseevich to all questions of the flight
training was taken seriously. “He wanted to fly – Yura, of course, was sick of
constant performances. We did not come to the detachment for the stars, we wanted to fly! —
recalls G. Titov. – Gagarin was deputy. head of the flight training center
and didn’t fly! I turned around, became a test pilot, and they didn’t let him into the sky.
So he insisted – he wanted to take the helm again, he wanted to fly into space again.

Gagarin had a break in flights from November 27, 1967 to March 13, 1968.
He quickly regained his skills. Last control flight, March 22, with him
carried out by the squadron commander Lieutenant Colonel A.M. Ustenko, who, having appreciated everything
actions Yu.A. Gagarin in the air with “excellent”, gave permission for independent
flying. In July 1988, Ustenko wrote “Although Yu.A. Gagarin was already famous
man all over the world, a sense of modesty never left him. He is not
demanded a special attitude towards himself, was the same as many of his comrades, although
inner composure, accuracy and perseverance, great strength was felt
in this person. He had a manner of speaking quietly, often and skillfully
used humor, which, accordingly, equalized everyone, and made him even more
earthy and attractive. Internal discipline, accuracy
postponed, of course, an imprint on his entire professional training. Yu.A.
Gagarin wrote down all instructions for flights in detail. Led, like all pilots,
flight preparation book. Flight schemes and their own actions at each stage
were described competently and were always thoroughly studied. Special occasions in flight
he knew very well and worked out almost all the actions on simulators in the cockpit
aircraft. I took the accumulated tablet on the flight, where the schemes of approaches to
alternate airfields and communication procedures when reaching them. Yu.A. Gagarin in the cockpit
aircraft felt confident. He thoroughly prepared for flights, not
deviating from rules and regulations. Blindly knew the location of taps, toggle switches. IN
piloting technique did not allow sudden movements. On remarks in the air
reacted in a timely manner.

Former head of the Cosmonaut Training Center N.F. Kuznetsov claims that
Seregin in flight became ill with a heart, so their plane crashed into the ground.
Like, Seregin unfastened his seat belts to make it easier to breathe, and then
fell on the handle, and Gagarin could not pull it out. “I don’t want to put
doubt the qualifications of Kuznetsov, Hero of the Soviet Union, objected Titov. – Well,
unfastened the seat belts, which are attached to the ejection seat, but easier from
it won’t. There are also parachute straps. We must rely on facts. And the facts
testifying to the poor health of Seregin, no. Version of the wrong
actions or indiscipline of the pilots was rejected. On the last
seconds of flight, Gagarin and Seregin piloted the MiG-15 without roll and slip,
“squeezed” everything possible out of technology, trying to get out of a dive and avoid
ground collision.

According to many, Gagarin foresaw his death. Shortly before
death, he invited his brothers to visit, took a picture with them. wife,
who was in the Kuntsevo hospital, promised that he would visit her after the flights –
March 27th. And suddenly, as Gagarin’s personal driver said, on March 26 in the evening
changes his mind and goes to his wife. And on the day of her husband’s death, Valentina Ivanovna
found a place. She called home several times from the hospital, but the phone was silent;
then she called the neighbors. They said that everything is fine at home, just a phone
turned off. When V. Tereshkova, P. Popovich, A. Nikolaev came to her hospital
and N. Kamanin, she immediately realized that trouble had happened. March 28 at eight o’clock
evening, two buckets of remains were delivered to the mortuary of the Burdenko hospital.
The astronauts were called in for identification. “Nature has decreed that no
there was no more gossip,” cosmonaut Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov sighs. – On
On the table lay two right ears with a piece of skull bone and hair. Moreover, for
one ear had a mole, like a wart on a leg. This was Yura’s mole. Its even
when sheared, he asked to be careful not to hurt. We then cut our hair
put in an envelope and gave to Valya. “We arrived at the crematorium at 9morning. At the door
Leonov, Tereshkova and other cosmonauts were already standing “They won’t let us in!” —
Gagarin’s brother Valentin says.