Vitamin b12 pill side effects. Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Benefits, Side Effects, and Optimal Dosage

08.03.202213.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the potential side effects of vitamin B12 supplements. How much vitamin B12 do you need daily. Which foods are rich in vitamin B12. When should you consult a doctor about vitamin B12 supplementation.

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Understanding Vitamin B12: Essential Functions and Sources

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a crucial water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in various bodily functions. It is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and proper nervous system function. While most people obtain adequate amounts of vitamin B12 through their diet, some individuals may require supplementation.

Natural sources of vitamin B12 include:

Eggs
Cheese
Fish
Shellfish
Liver
Kidney
Red meat

Is vitamin B12 deficiency common? While not widespread in the general population, certain groups are at higher risk of deficiency, including older adults, vegetarians, vegans, and individuals with gastrointestinal disorders that affect nutrient absorption.

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B12

The National Institutes of Health has established specific recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B12 intake:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for individuals 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

For adults over 50, it’s advisable to aim for the RDA through B12-rich foods or supplements containing 25 to 100 mcg of B12. Why is this recommendation higher for older adults? As we age, our ability to absorb vitamin B12 from food sources may decrease, necessitating higher intake or supplementation.

Potential Side Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation

While vitamin B12 is generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses, excessive intake can lead to various side effects. These may include:

Mild diarrhea
Itching
Skin rash
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting

Can vitamin B12 supplementation cause more severe side effects? In rare cases, injectable vitamin B12, used to treat significant deficiencies, may lead to more serious complications such as:

Pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
Vein thrombosis
Sensation of swelling
Polycythemia vera (a rare, slow-growing blood cancer)

Allergic Reactions to Vitamin B12

In extremely rare instances, vitamin B12 can trigger severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). Symptoms may include swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, as well as difficulty swallowing and breathing. If you experience these symptoms after taking vitamin B12, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Interactions Between Vitamin B12 and Other Substances

Certain medications and supplements can interfere with vitamin B12 absorption or serum levels. These include:

Colchicine
Metformin
Proton pump inhibitors
Vitamin C
Chloramphenicol
H3 blockers
Aminosalicylic acid

How can you ensure proper vitamin B12 absorption if you’re taking these medications? Consult your healthcare provider about adjusting your supplement schedule. They may recommend taking vitamin B12 separately from other drugs and supplements, such as one in the morning and one at night, to maximize absorption.

Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Interaction

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B12 absorption. If you’re taking folic acid, inform your doctor, as they may need to adjust your vitamin B12 supplementation accordingly.

Precautions and Contraindications for Vitamin B12 Supplementation

While vitamin B12 is generally safe for most people, there are some instances where caution is advised:

Allergies or sensitivities: Avoid vitamin B12 supplements if you have known sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B12, cobalt, or any other ingredients in the supplement.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Vitamin B12 is considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding when taken at recommended dosages. However, always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

What should you do if you experience adverse effects from vitamin B12 supplements? Discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.

Optimizing Vitamin B12 Intake: Supplements vs. Dietary Sources

While supplements can be beneficial for those with deficiencies, obtaining vitamin B12 from food sources is generally preferable. Here’s why:

Natural absorption: The body is better equipped to regulate the absorption of vitamins from whole foods.
Additional nutrients: B12-rich foods often contain other essential nutrients that work synergistically with vitamin B12.
Reduced risk of overdose: It’s much harder to consume excessive amounts of vitamin B12 from food sources alone.

How can you ensure adequate vitamin B12 intake through diet? Incorporate a variety of B12-rich foods into your meals, including eggs, cheese, fish, shellfish, and lean meats. For vegetarians and vegans, fortified plant-based milk, cereals, and nutritional yeast can be good sources of vitamin B12.

When to Consult a Healthcare Professional About Vitamin B12

While vitamin B12 supplementation can be beneficial for some individuals, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional in certain situations:

Persistent side effects: If you experience bothersome side effects that don’t subside after stopping supplementation
Suspected deficiency: If you have symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, such as fatigue, weakness, or neurological issues
Chronic health conditions: If you have conditions that may affect B12 absorption, such as pernicious anemia or Crohn’s disease
Medication interactions: If you’re taking medications that may interfere with B12 absorption
Pregnancy or breastfeeding: To ensure proper dosage and safety for both mother and child

What can you expect during a consultation about vitamin B12? Your healthcare provider may perform blood tests to assess your vitamin B12 levels, evaluate your diet and medical history, and recommend an appropriate course of action, which may include dietary changes, oral supplements, or in some cases, B12 injections.

Monitoring and Adjusting Vitamin B12 Intake

Proper management of vitamin B12 supplementation involves regular monitoring and adjustment as needed. Consider the following steps:

Regular blood tests: Periodic testing can help ensure your B12 levels remain within the optimal range.
Dietary assessment: Regularly evaluate your diet to identify potential gaps in B12 intake.
Supplement review: If taking supplements, periodically reassess their necessity and dosage with your healthcare provider.
Symptom awareness: Stay attuned to any changes in your health that could indicate B12 deficiency or excess.

How often should you have your vitamin B12 levels checked? For most healthy individuals, annual testing is sufficient. However, those with known deficiencies or absorption issues may require more frequent monitoring.

Adjusting Dosage Based on Individual Needs

Vitamin B12 requirements can vary based on factors such as age, diet, and overall health. Your healthcare provider may recommend adjusting your intake based on:

Blood test results
Presence of symptoms
Changes in diet or lifestyle
Onset of new health conditions
Interactions with medications

What signs might indicate a need to adjust your vitamin B12 intake? Persistent fatigue, neurological symptoms, or changes in blood test results could suggest the need for dosage modification. Always consult your healthcare provider before making significant changes to your supplement regimen.

The Future of Vitamin B12 Research and Supplementation

As our understanding of vitamin B12 and its role in human health continues to evolve, researchers are exploring new avenues for supplementation and treatment. Some areas of ongoing research include:

Improved absorption methods: Developing new formulations that enhance B12 absorption, particularly for individuals with absorption disorders
Personalized supplementation: Tailoring B12 intake based on genetic factors and individual metabolic profiles
Novel delivery systems: Exploring alternative methods of B12 administration, such as sublingual tablets or nasal sprays
Long-term effects: Investigating the long-term impacts of B12 supplementation on various health outcomes

How might these advancements change vitamin B12 supplementation in the future? As research progresses, we may see more targeted and efficient supplementation strategies, potentially reducing side effects and improving outcomes for those with B12 deficiencies.

Emerging Research on Vitamin B12 and Health

Recent studies have highlighted potential connections between vitamin B12 and various health conditions, including:

Cognitive function and neurodegenerative diseases
Cardiovascular health
Bone density and osteoporosis risk
Mood disorders and mental health

What implications do these findings have for vitamin B12 supplementation? While more research is needed to fully understand these relationships, they underscore the importance of maintaining adequate B12 levels throughout life. As our knowledge expands, recommendations for B12 intake and supplementation may be refined to address specific health concerns and preventive strategies.

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Your doctor will give you the right dosage of vitamin B-12 supplement, especially if you will inject it. Taking too much can cause side effects like nausea, headache, dizziness, and in rarely, blood clots or cancer.

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Vitamin B-12 is water-soluble and absorbed in the intestines. After it’s absorbed, it’s used to make DNA and red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 that isn’t being used is stored in the liver. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

Don’t take vitamin B-12 supplements if you have sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, and any other ingredients. Vitamin B-12 is safe to take in recommended dosages if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Health Conditions
- Featured
  - Breast Cancer
  - IBD
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
  - Acid Reflux
  - ADHD
  - Allergies
  - Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  - Bipolar Disorder
  - Cancer
  - Crohn’s Disease
  - Chronic Pain
  - Cold & Flu
  - COPD
  - Depression
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Heart Disease
  - High Cholesterol
  - HIV
  - Hypertension
  - IPF
  - Osteoarthritis
  - Psoriasis
  - Skin Disorders and Care
  - STDs
Discover
- Wellness Topics
  - Nutrition
  - Fitness
  - Skin Care
  - Sexual Health
  - Women’s Health
  - Mental Well-Being
  - Sleep
- Product Reviews
  - Vitamins & Supplements
  - Sleep
  - Mental Health
  - Nutrition
  - At-Home Testing
  - CBD
  - Men’s Health
- Original Series
  - Fresh Food Fast
  - Diagnosis Diaries
  - You’re Not Alone
  - Present Tense
- Video Series
  - Youth in Focus
  - Healthy Harvest
  - No More Silence
  - Future of Health
Plan
- Health Challenges
  - Mindful Eating
  - Sugar Savvy
  - Move Your Body
  - Gut Health
  - Mood Foods
  - Align Your Spine
- Find Care
  - Primary Care
  - Mental Health
  - OB-GYN
  - Dermatologists
  - Neurologists
  - Cardiologists
  - Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
  - Weight Management
  - Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
  - Are You a Workaholic?
  - How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
  - Health News
  - Find a Diet
  - Find Healthy Snacks
  - Drugs A-Z
  - Health A-Z
Connect
- - Breast Cancer
  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - Psoriatic Arthritis
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis
  - Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Description of the drug in 1998

Date of approval: 07/31/1998

Content

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Composition and form of release
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect
Indications
Contraindications
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Precautionary measures
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Composition and formulation

1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂) 200 or 500 mcg; in ampoules of 1 ml, in a cardboard box 10 pcs.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

hematopoietic , stimulating cell metabolism .

Participates in the transfer of methyl fragments, the formation of choline, methionine, creatine, nucleic acids, the maturation of erythrocytes, promotes the accumulation of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes.

Indications

Anemia (Addison-Birmer, alimentary macrocytic, iron deficiency,
posthemorrhagic, aplastic, caused by toxic substances and drugs), cirrhosis of the liver,
hepatitis, myelosis, polyneuritis, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, children
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Down’s disease, skin diseases, peripheral nerve injuries.

Contraindications

Thromboembolism, angina.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar.

Addison-Birmer anemia – 100-200 mcg every other day; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and with macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg or more per injection (daily for the first week, and then with intervals between injections of up to 5-7 days). Simultaneously appoint folic acid. In the period of remission, in the absence of funicular myelosis phenomena, 100 mcg is administered for maintenance therapy 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena, 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month.

For iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia (especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

In diseases of the central nervous system and neurological diseases with pain syndrome, it is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 mcg per injection, and when the condition improves, 100 mcg/day; course – up to 2 weeks.

In traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves – 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

For hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, 30–60 mcg per day or 100 mcg every other day for 25–40 days.

With dystrophies in young children, Down’s disease and cerebral palsy – 15-30 mcg every other day.

In case of funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, sometimes 15-30 mcg is injected into the spinal canal (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mcg).

Side effects

Excitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions.

Interactions

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Incompatible (in one syringe) with thiamine bromide, riboflavin.

Precautions

In angina pectoris, use with caution and in lower doses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light.

Keep out of reach of children.

Expiry date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging.

Update date: 04/30/2020

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰

Analogs

Description selection

Lec. form	Dosage
instant tablets	5000 mcg
injection	0. 2 mg/ml

instant tablets

5000 mcg

injection

0.2 mg/ml

All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics

Product description Vitamin B12 (solution for injection, 0.2 mg/ml) based on the official instructions, approved by the manufacturer in 1998

Date approved: 07/31/1998

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Composition and form of release
Dosage and administration
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Composition and form of release

1 ampoule with 1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin 200 or 500 mcg; in a box of 10 pcs. , complete with an ampoule knife.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar. For Addison-Birmer anemia (in combination with folic acid)
– 100-200 mcg once a day, for 2 days; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms
funicular myelosis and macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg and
more per injection (in the first week daily, and then at intervals between injections up to 5-7 days). During
remissions – 100 mcg 2 times a month (maintenance therapy), in the presence of neurological phenomena
(funicular myelosis) – 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. With iron deficiency and
posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia
(especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary
anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

Vitamin b12 pill side effects. Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Benefits, Side Effects, and Optimal Dosage

Understanding Vitamin B12: Essential Functions and Sources

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B12

Potential Side Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation

Allergic Reactions to Vitamin B12

Interactions Between Vitamin B12 and Other Substances

Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Interaction

Precautions and Contraindications for Vitamin B12 Supplementation

Optimizing Vitamin B12 Intake: Supplements vs. Dietary Sources

When to Consult a Healthcare Professional About Vitamin B12

Monitoring and Adjusting Vitamin B12 Intake

Adjusting Dosage Based on Individual Needs

The Future of Vitamin B12 Research and Supplementation

Emerging Research on Vitamin B12 and Health

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

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Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

Read this next

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Content

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Composition and formulation

Pharmacological action

Indications

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Interactions

Precautions

Storage conditions

Expiry date

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg 0.004 ‰

Description selection

Contents

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Composition and form of release

Dosage and administration

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Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰