Vitamin b12 pill side effects. Vitamin B12 Side Effects: Understanding Risks and Benefits of Supplementation

07.03.202213.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the potential side effects of vitamin B12 supplements. How much vitamin B12 do you need daily. Can vitamin B12 supplements interact with other medications. When should you consult a doctor about vitamin B12 supplementation.

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The Importance of Vitamin B12 in the Body

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a crucial nutrient that plays a vital role in various bodily functions. It is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and proper neurological function. While most people obtain sufficient amounts of vitamin B12 through their diet, some individuals may require supplementation.

How does vitamin B12 work in the body? This water-soluble vitamin is absorbed in the intestines and then utilized to produce DNA and red blood cells. Any excess vitamin B12 is stored in the liver for future use. However, when taking supplements, it’s possible to ingest more than your body requires, potentially leading to side effects.

Key Functions of Vitamin B12

DNA synthesis
Red blood cell formation
Neurological function support
Energy production
Mood regulation

Common Side Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplements

While oral vitamin B12 supplements are generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses, some individuals may experience side effects, particularly when using injectable forms or high doses. It’s important to be aware of these potential adverse reactions to ensure safe supplementation.

What are the most common side effects of vitamin B12 supplements? The following symptoms have been reported:

Mild diarrhea
Itching
Skin rash
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting

These side effects are typically mild and resolve on their own. However, if you experience persistent or severe symptoms, it’s advisable to consult your healthcare provider.

Rare but Serious Side Effects of Vitamin B12

While uncommon, some individuals may experience more severe side effects from vitamin B12 supplementation, particularly when using injectable forms. These rare but serious side effects warrant immediate medical attention.

Can vitamin B12 supplements cause severe adverse reactions? In rare cases, the following serious side effects have been reported:

Pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure (early in treatment)
Vein thrombosis
Sensation of swelling
Polycythemia vera (a rare, slow-growing blood cancer)

Additionally, vitamin B12 can, in very rare instances, trigger severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, as well as difficulty swallowing and breathing. If you experience these symptoms after taking vitamin B12, seek emergency medical assistance immediately.

Interactions Between Vitamin B12 and Other Medications

Certain medications can interfere with the absorption or serum levels of vitamin B12, potentially leading to deficiency. Understanding these interactions is crucial for individuals taking specific drugs or supplements.

Which medications can affect vitamin B12 levels in the body? The following agents have been linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B12:

Colchicine
Metformin
Proton pump inhibitors
Vitamin C
Chloramphenicol
H2 blockers
Aminosalicylic acid

If you’re taking any of these medications, you may need to consult your healthcare provider about vitamin B12 supplementation. In some cases, it may be necessary to take vitamin B12 separately from other drugs and supplements to ensure optimal absorption.

Special Considerations for Folic Acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B12 absorption. If you’re taking folic acid, inform your doctor, as you may need to adjust your vitamin B12 supplementation accordingly.

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B12

Understanding the appropriate intake of vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing deficiency or excess. The National Institutes of Health has established recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B12 based on age and life stage.

How much vitamin B12 do you need daily? The RDAs for vitamin B12 are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for individuals 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

For individuals over 50 years of age, it’s recommended to obtain the RDA through vitamin B12-fortified foods or supplements containing 25 to 100 mcg of B12. This is because older adults may have difficulty absorbing naturally occurring vitamin B12.

Natural Sources of Vitamin B12

While supplements can be beneficial for those with deficiencies, obtaining vitamins through dietary sources is generally preferable. Vitamin B12 is naturally present in various animal-based foods and can also be found in fortified products.

Which foods are rich in vitamin B12? The following foods are excellent sources of this essential nutrient:

Eggs
Cheese
Fish
Shellfish
Liver
Kidney
Red meat

For individuals following a vegetarian or vegan diet, fortified foods such as plant-based milk alternatives, breakfast cereals, and nutritional yeast can provide vitamin B12. However, these individuals may need to consider supplementation to ensure adequate intake.

When to Consult a Healthcare Provider

While vitamin B12 supplementation is generally safe, there are instances where professional medical advice is necessary. Recognizing when to seek help can prevent complications and ensure optimal health.

When should you consult a doctor about vitamin B12 supplementation? Consider seeking medical advice in the following situations:

You experience persistent or severe side effects after taking vitamin B12 supplements
You have a pre-existing medical condition that may affect vitamin B12 absorption
You’re taking medications that may interact with vitamin B12
You’re pregnant or breastfeeding and concerned about your vitamin B12 intake
You follow a strict vegetarian or vegan diet and are unsure about your vitamin B12 status
You’re over 50 years old and want to ensure adequate vitamin B12 intake

Your healthcare provider can help determine if you have a vitamin B12 deficiency, recommend appropriate dosages, and monitor your response to supplementation.

Precautions and Considerations for Vitamin B12 Supplementation

While vitamin B12 is essential for health, it’s important to approach supplementation with caution and awareness. Understanding the potential risks and taking appropriate precautions can help ensure safe and effective use of vitamin B12 supplements.

What precautions should you take when using vitamin B12 supplements? Consider the following guidelines:

Avoid taking vitamin B12 supplements if you have known sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B12, cobalt, or any other ingredients in the supplement.
If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, including vitamin B12.
Discontinue use immediately if you notice any adverse effects after starting vitamin B12 supplements.
Seek medical attention if your symptoms worsen or become severe.
Always follow the recommended dosage provided by your healthcare provider or as indicated on the supplement label.
Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you’re taking to avoid potential interactions.

By following these precautions and maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider, you can maximize the benefits of vitamin B12 supplementation while minimizing potential risks.

Monitoring Vitamin B12 Levels

Regular monitoring of vitamin B12 levels may be necessary for individuals at risk of deficiency or those taking high-dose supplements. Your healthcare provider can recommend appropriate testing and follow-up to ensure your vitamin B12 status remains optimal.

Vitamin B12 is a crucial nutrient that plays vital roles in various bodily functions. While supplementation can be beneficial for those with deficiencies, it’s important to be aware of potential side effects and interactions. By understanding the recommended dietary allowances, recognizing natural sources of vitamin B12, and knowing when to consult a healthcare provider, you can make informed decisions about your vitamin B12 intake. Always prioritize safety and consult with a medical professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Your doctor will give you the right dosage of vitamin B-12 supplement, especially if you will inject it. Taking too much can cause side effects like nausea, headache, dizziness, and in rarely, blood clots or cancer.

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Vitamin B-12 is water-soluble and absorbed in the intestines. After it’s absorbed, it’s used to make DNA and red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 that isn’t being used is stored in the liver. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

Don’t take vitamin B-12 supplements if you have sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, and any other ingredients. Vitamin B-12 is safe to take in recommended dosages if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Health Conditions
- Featured
  - Breast Cancer
  - IBD
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
  - Acid Reflux
  - ADHD
  - Allergies
  - Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  - Bipolar Disorder
  - Cancer
  - Crohn’s Disease
  - Chronic Pain
  - Cold & Flu
  - COPD
  - Depression
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Heart Disease
  - High Cholesterol
  - HIV
  - Hypertension
  - IPF
  - Osteoarthritis
  - Psoriasis
  - Skin Disorders and Care
  - STDs
Discover
- Wellness Topics
  - Nutrition
  - Fitness
  - Skin Care
  - Sexual Health
  - Women’s Health
  - Mental Well-Being
  - Sleep
- Product Reviews
  - Vitamins & Supplements
  - Sleep
  - Mental Health
  - Nutrition
  - At-Home Testing
  - CBD
  - Men’s Health
- Original Series
  - Fresh Food Fast
  - Diagnosis Diaries
  - You’re Not Alone
  - Present Tense
- Video Series
  - Youth in Focus
  - Healthy Harvest
  - No More Silence
  - Future of Health
Plan
- Health Challenges
  - Mindful Eating
  - Sugar Savvy
  - Move Your Body
  - Gut Health
  - Mood Foods
  - Align Your Spine
- Find Care
  - Primary Care
  - Mental Health
  - OB-GYN
  - Dermatologists
  - Neurologists
  - Cardiologists
  - Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
  - Weight Management
  - Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
  - Are You a Workaholic?
  - How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
  - Health News
  - Find a Diet
  - Find Healthy Snacks
  - Drugs A-Z
  - Health A-Z
Connect
- - Breast Cancer
  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - Psoriatic Arthritis
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis
  - Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Description of the drug in 1998

Date of approval: 07/31/1998

Content

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Composition and form of release
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect
Indications
Contraindications
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Precautionary measures
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Composition and formulation

1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂) 200 or 500 mcg; in ampoules of 1 ml, in a cardboard box 10 pcs.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

hematopoietic , stimulating cell metabolism .

Participates in the transfer of methyl fragments, the formation of choline, methionine, creatine, nucleic acids, the maturation of erythrocytes, promotes the accumulation of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes.

Indications

Anemia (Addison-Birmer, alimentary macrocytic, iron deficiency,
posthemorrhagic, aplastic, caused by toxic substances and drugs), cirrhosis of the liver,
hepatitis, myelosis, polyneuritis, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, children
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Down’s disease, skin diseases, peripheral nerve injuries.

Contraindications

Thromboembolism, angina.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar.

Addison-Birmer anemia – 100-200 mcg every other day; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and with macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg or more per injection (daily for the first week, and then with intervals between injections of up to 5-7 days). Simultaneously appoint folic acid. In the period of remission, in the absence of funicular myelosis phenomena, 100 mcg is administered for maintenance therapy 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena, 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month.

For iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia (especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

In diseases of the central nervous system and neurological diseases with pain syndrome, it is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 mcg per injection, and when the condition improves, 100 mcg/day; course – up to 2 weeks.

In traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves – 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

For hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, 30–60 mcg per day or 100 mcg every other day for 25–40 days.

With dystrophies in young children, Down’s disease and cerebral palsy – 15-30 mcg every other day.

In case of funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, sometimes 15-30 mcg is injected into the spinal canal (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mcg).

Side effects

Excitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions.

Interactions

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Incompatible (in one syringe) with thiamine bromide, riboflavin.

Precautions

In angina pectoris, use with caution and in lower doses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light.

Keep out of reach of children.

Expiry date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging.

Update date: 04/30/2020

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰

Analogs

Description selection

Lec. form	Dosage
instant tablets	5000 mcg
injection	0. 2 mg/ml

instant tablets

5000 mcg

injection

0.2 mg/ml

All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics

Product description Vitamin B12 (solution for injection, 0.2 mg/ml) based on the official instructions, approved by the manufacturer in 1998

Date approved: 07/31/1998

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Composition and form of release
Dosage and administration
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Composition and form of release

1 ampoule with 1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin 200 or 500 mcg; in a box of 10 pcs. , complete with an ampoule knife.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar. For Addison-Birmer anemia (in combination with folic acid)
– 100-200 mcg once a day, for 2 days; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms
funicular myelosis and macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg and
more per injection (in the first week daily, and then at intervals between injections up to 5-7 days). During
remissions – 100 mcg 2 times a month (maintenance therapy), in the presence of neurological phenomena
(funicular myelosis) – 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. With iron deficiency and
posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia
(especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary
anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

Vitamin b12 pill side effects. Vitamin B12 Side Effects: Understanding Risks and Benefits of Supplementation

The Importance of Vitamin B12 in the Body

Key Functions of Vitamin B12

Common Side Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplements

Rare but Serious Side Effects of Vitamin B12

Interactions Between Vitamin B12 and Other Medications

Special Considerations for Folic Acid

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B12

Natural Sources of Vitamin B12

When to Consult a Healthcare Provider

Precautions and Considerations for Vitamin B12 Supplementation

Monitoring Vitamin B12 Levels

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

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Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Content

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Composition and formulation

Pharmacological action

Indications

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Interactions

Precautions

Storage conditions

Expiry date

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg 0.004 ‰

Description selection

Contents

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Composition and form of release

Dosage and administration

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Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰