Vitamin b12 pill side effects: Vitamin B-12 – Mayo Clinic

09.03.202213.07.2023 by alexxlab

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Your doctor will give you the right dosage of vitamin B-12 supplement, especially if you will inject it. Taking too much can cause side effects like nausea, headache, dizziness, and in rarely, blood clots or cancer.

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Vitamin B-12 is water-soluble and absorbed in the intestines. After it’s absorbed, it’s used to make DNA and red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 that isn’t being used is stored in the liver. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

Don’t take vitamin B-12 supplements if you have sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, and any other ingredients. Vitamin B-12 is safe to take in recommended dosages if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Health Conditions
- Featured
  - Breast Cancer
  - IBD
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
  - Acid Reflux
  - ADHD
  - Allergies
  - Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  - Bipolar Disorder
  - Cancer
  - Crohn’s Disease
  - Chronic Pain
  - Cold & Flu
  - COPD
  - Depression
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Heart Disease
  - High Cholesterol
  - HIV
  - Hypertension
  - IPF
  - Osteoarthritis
  - Psoriasis
  - Skin Disorders and Care
  - STDs
Discover
- Wellness Topics
  - Nutrition
  - Fitness
  - Skin Care
  - Sexual Health
  - Women’s Health
  - Mental Well-Being
  - Sleep
- Product Reviews
  - Vitamins & Supplements
  - Sleep
  - Mental Health
  - Nutrition
  - At-Home Testing
  - CBD
  - Men’s Health
- Original Series
  - Fresh Food Fast
  - Diagnosis Diaries
  - You’re Not Alone
  - Present Tense
- Video Series
  - Youth in Focus
  - Healthy Harvest
  - No More Silence
  - Future of Health
Plan
- Health Challenges
  - Mindful Eating
  - Sugar Savvy
  - Move Your Body
  - Gut Health
  - Mood Foods
  - Align Your Spine
- Find Care
  - Primary Care
  - Mental Health
  - OB-GYN
  - Dermatologists
  - Neurologists
  - Cardiologists
  - Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
  - Weight Management
  - Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
  - Are You a Workaholic?
  - How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
  - Health News
  - Find a Diet
  - Find Healthy Snacks
  - Drugs A-Z
  - Health A-Z
Connect
- - Breast Cancer
  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - Psoriatic Arthritis
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis
  - Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Description of the drug in 1998

Date of approval: 07/31/1998

Content

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Composition and form of release
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect
Indications
Contraindications
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Precautionary measures
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Composition and formulation

1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂) 200 or 500 mcg; in ampoules of 1 ml, in a cardboard box 10 pcs.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

hematopoietic , stimulating cell metabolism .

Participates in the transfer of methyl fragments, the formation of choline, methionine, creatine, nucleic acids, the maturation of erythrocytes, promotes the accumulation of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes.

Indications

Anemia (Addison-Birmer, alimentary macrocytic, iron deficiency,
posthemorrhagic, aplastic, caused by toxic substances and drugs), cirrhosis of the liver,
hepatitis, myelosis, polyneuritis, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, children
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Down’s disease, skin diseases, peripheral nerve injuries.

Contraindications

Thromboembolism, angina.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar.

Addison-Birmer anemia – 100-200 mcg every other day; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and with macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg or more per injection (daily for the first week, and then with intervals between injections of up to 5-7 days). Simultaneously appoint folic acid. In the period of remission, in the absence of funicular myelosis phenomena, 100 mcg is administered for maintenance therapy 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena, 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month.

For iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia (especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

In diseases of the central nervous system and neurological diseases with pain syndrome, it is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 mcg per injection, and when the condition improves, 100 mcg/day; course – up to 2 weeks.

In traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves – 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

For hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, 30–60 mcg per day or 100 mcg every other day for 25–40 days.

With dystrophies in young children, Down’s disease and cerebral palsy – 15-30 mcg every other day.

In case of funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, sometimes 15-30 mcg is injected into the spinal canal (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mcg).

Side effects

Excitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions.

Interactions

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Incompatible (in one syringe) with thiamine bromide, riboflavin.

Precautions

In angina pectoris, use with caution and in lower doses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light.

Keep out of reach of children.

Expiry date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging.

Update date: 30.04.2020

Vitamin B12 ampoules: instructions for use

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Vitamin B12 in ampoules: instructions for use

Content:

The role of vitamin B12 in the body
Indications for use of cyanocobalamin
Treatment regimen with cyanocobalamin
How to inject
Storage conditions of vitamin B12 in ampoules
Dosage of vitamin B12 in ampoules
Contraindications and side effects

Lack of vitamin B12 leads to a number of diseases. This is an important substance for the functioning of all systems, which reduces susceptibility to infections, increases endurance, physical and mental activity.

The role of vitamin B12 in the body

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) was first discovered in 1948. Scientists isolated a new substance from raw liver and prescribed it to treat pernicious anemia.

Over the past 70 years, cyanocobalamin has been well studied by scientists and physicians, as a result of which it was possible to establish its effect on the body:

blocking the stress hormone;
improvement of blood clotting;
synthesis of amino acids;
reduction in the amount of cholesterol in the blood;
detoxification of the body with alcoholism;
improvement of liver function.

Cyanocobalamin helps athletes withstand heavy loads, accelerates weight loss and prevents the development of cardiovascular diseases.

It plays a special role in the functioning of the central nervous system. Vitamin complements the main therapy for cerebral palsy in children, Down’s disease, intercostal neuralgia, etc.

Back to article content

Indications for use of cyanocobalamin

Vitamin B12 in ampoules is used as an additional therapy. It enhances the effect of drugs, helps the body to overcome many diseases. In rare cases, it is prescribed as the only remedy for the prevention of anemia.

Indication for vitamin B12:

chronic migraine;
Down syndrome;
cerebral palsy;
neuralgia;
radiation sickness;
alcohol poisoning;
dystrophy;
anemia;
radiculitis;
diseases of the pancreas and liver;
gastritis;
photodermatosis;
sclerosis.

Reception of cyanocobalamin is indicated for beriberi, frequent respiratory diseases. The lack of a substance in the body leads to a deterioration in the condition of hair, nails and teeth. For this reason, the drug is taken in ampoules not only for medical purposes, but also for cosmetic purposes.

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Cyanocobalamin regimen

When Vitamin B12 is prescribed, the Instructions for Use will help calculate the correct dosage. The treatment regimen looks like this:

For the prevention of anemia and vitamin deficiency – from 200 to 500 mcg per day. The course of treatment is from 7 to 15 days.
For the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system – 200 mcg per day daily for the first 3 days. Then 300 mcg daily for 4 days.
If cyanocobalamin is used in complex therapy, then the dosage is from 200 to 500 mcg per day.

Vitamin B12 should only be taken at the dosage recommended by your doctor. It is not recommended to use the drug on its own, since it is rather difficult to determine an individual treatment regimen.

Back to article content

How to inject

Vitamin B12 injections can be given in different ways:

subcutaneously;
intramuscularly;
intravenously;
into the spinal cord.

The instructions say that cyanocobalamin cannot be used simultaneously with drugs that increase blood clotting, as well as with vitamins B1 and B6. If there is an allergy to B1, then B12 can exacerbate it.

You can administer the drug intramuscularly and intravenously on your own. For injection into the spinal cord, you should consult an experienced doctor.

Back to article content

Storage conditions for vitamin B12 ampoules

Vitamin B12 in ampoules should be stored in a dry, dark place, at an air temperature of no more than 25 degrees. Some complex preparations require storage in the refrigerator. This point must be specified in the instructions.

Do not use the substance after the expiry date stated on the package.

Return to the content of article

Vitamin B12 dosage in ampoules

The dosage of vitamin B12 is determined individually and depends on the age of the patient. The maximum daily dose is:

children – 400 mcg;
adults – 1000 mcg.

The dosage increases gradually, you need to start with a small portion of the drug. This is necessary to exclude allergic reactions.

Back to article content

Contraindications and side effects

Subject to the instructions for use and the doctor’s recommendations, the drug has no side effects. In exceptional cases, unpleasant symptoms may occur:

nervous excitement;
tachycardia;
headache;
pain in the region of the heart;
increased blood pressure;
dizziness.

If there is an individual intolerance to the drug, then an allergic reaction occurs in the form of skin itching, rash, runny nose. In the event of side effects, the injection is stopped, the treatment method is reviewed together with the doctor.

Before starting injections, you should study the list of contraindications:

angina;
erythrocytosis;
thrombosis;
varicose veins;
pregnancy and lactation;
haemorrhoids;
oncological diseases.

Vitamin b12 pill side effects: Vitamin B-12 – Mayo Clinic

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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How we reviewed this article:

Read this next

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Content

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Composition and formulation

Pharmacological action

Indications

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Interactions

Precautions

Storage conditions

Expiry date

Vitamin B12 ampoules: instructions for use

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