What causes an orgasm. How does an orgasm feel. How long does an orgasm typically last. What are the different types of orgasms. What are the health benefits of orgasms. How do orgasms differ between males and females. Can orgasms help with sleep and stress relief.

The Science Behind Orgasms: Physiological Responses and Sensations

An orgasm is widely considered the pinnacle of sexual excitement, characterized by intense physical pleasure and powerful sensations. But what exactly happens in the body during this climactic moment? Let’s explore the physiological mechanisms and sensory experiences associated with orgasms.

During an orgasm, the body undergoes a series of rapid changes:

• Muscles in the genitals, pelvic area, and anus contract rhythmically
• Blood vessels dilate, increasing blood flow to erogenous zones
• The brain releases a surge of endorphins and other feel-good chemicals
• Heart rate and breathing quicken
• Skin may flush, particularly on the face, neck, and chest

These physical responses contribute to the intense pleasure and release of tension that define the orgasmic experience. But how does it actually feel? While individual experiences vary, many describe orgasms as waves of pleasure radiating from the genitals throughout the body, often accompanied by a sense of euphoria or altered consciousness.

Gender Differences in Orgasmic Response

While the basic physiological processes are similar, there are some notable differences in how males and females typically experience orgasms:

Female Orgasms

• Vaginal and anal muscles contract approximately once per second, 5-8 times
• The vagina may become very wet or even ejaculate fluid
• Clitoris may become highly sensitive post-orgasm
• May last around 20-35 seconds on average

Male Orgasms

• Penile and anal muscles contract about once per second, 5-8 times
• Typically involves ejaculation of 1-2 tablespoons of semen
• Glans (head) of the penis may become very sensitive after orgasm
• Usually lasts between 10-60 seconds

Do these differences impact overall sexual satisfaction? Research suggests that while the physiological responses may differ, both males and females can experience equally intense and fulfilling orgasms.

The Role of Hormones and Neurotransmitters in Orgasmic Pleasure

The intense pleasure of an orgasm is largely due to a complex interplay of hormones and neurotransmitters released in the brain. Understanding this neurochemical cascade can shed light on why orgasms feel so good and have such profound effects on our mood and well-being.

Key Players in the Orgasmic Cocktail

• Oxytocin: Often called the “love hormone,” oxytocin promotes bonding and feelings of closeness
• Dopamine: This neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward
• Serotonin: Helps regulate mood and can contribute to feelings of happiness and relaxation
• Endorphins: Natural opioids that reduce pain and induce euphoria
• Prolactin: May contribute to the feeling of sexual satiety after orgasm

The release of these chemicals not only contributes to the immediate pleasure of orgasm but can also have lasting effects on mood, stress levels, and even physical health. For instance, oxytocin has been linked to reduced anxiety and improved cardiovascular health.

How long do these neurochemical effects last? While the acute surge of pleasure chemicals subsides relatively quickly, some effects, like increased relaxation and improved mood, can persist for hours or even days after an orgasm.

Types of Orgasms: Beyond the Basics

While many people are familiar with clitoral and penile orgasms, the world of sexual pleasure is far more diverse. Exploring different types of orgasms can lead to more varied and fulfilling sexual experiences.

Exploring the Spectrum of Orgasmic Experiences

1. Clitoral orgasms: Often described as intense and localized
2. Vaginal orgasms: May feel deeper and more diffuse throughout the body
3. G-spot orgasms: Can lead to female ejaculation in some cases
4. Anal orgasms: Possible for both males and females through stimulation of nerve-rich anal tissues
5. Blended orgasms: Combination of multiple types, often described as particularly intense
6. Prostate orgasms: Unique to males, accessed through anal stimulation
7. Nipple orgasms: Less common but possible through focused stimulation
8. Mental orgasms: Achieved through fantasy or meditation without physical touch

Can everyone experience all these types of orgasms? While the potential exists for most people, individual anatomy, sensitivity, and preferences play a significant role in determining which types of orgasms are most accessible or enjoyable for each person.

The Health Benefits of Orgasms: More Than Just Pleasure

While the immediate pleasure of orgasms is well-known, their potential health benefits are often overlooked. Regular sexual activity and orgasms can contribute to overall well-being in numerous ways.

Physical Health Benefits

• Improved cardiovascular health
• Boosted immune function
• Natural pain relief
• Better sleep quality
• Possible reduction in prostate cancer risk for males

Mental Health Benefits

• Stress reduction
• Improved mood and reduced depression symptoms
• Increased self-esteem and body confidence
• Enhanced emotional intimacy with partners

How often should one orgasm to reap these benefits? While there’s no universal “ideal” frequency, research suggests that regular sexual activity (solo or partnered) can contribute to better overall health. However, it’s important to note that these benefits are part of a holistic approach to health and shouldn’t be viewed as a substitute for other aspects of a healthy lifestyle.

Orgasm Disorders: When Pleasure Becomes Problematic

While orgasms are generally associated with pleasure and positive experiences, some individuals face challenges in this area of their sexual health. Orgasm disorders can affect people of all genders and can significantly impact quality of life and relationships.

Common Orgasm Disorders

1. Anorgasmia: Difficulty or inability to reach orgasm despite adequate stimulation
2. Premature ejaculation: Reaching orgasm too quickly, affecting an estimated 1 in 3 males
3. Delayed ejaculation: Difficulty reaching orgasm, even with prolonged stimulation
4. Painful orgasms: Also known as dysorgasmia, can affect both males and females
5. Persistent genital arousal disorder: Ongoing feelings of genital arousal not relieved by orgasm

What causes these disorders? The origins can be complex, involving physical, psychological, and relationship factors. Some potential contributors include:

• Hormonal imbalances
• Neurological conditions
• Medications (especially antidepressants)
• Psychological issues like anxiety, depression, or past trauma
• Relationship problems or communication issues

Is treatment available for orgasm disorders? Yes, many orgasm disorders can be effectively treated through a combination of medical interventions, therapy, and lifestyle changes. It’s important for individuals experiencing persistent issues with orgasms to consult a healthcare provider or sex therapist for personalized guidance.

The Role of Mental State in Orgasmic Experience

While the physical aspects of orgasms are well-documented, the mental and emotional components play an equally crucial role in the overall experience. The mind-body connection is particularly strong when it comes to sexual pleasure, and understanding this relationship can lead to more satisfying sexual encounters.

Factors Influencing the Mental Experience of Orgasm

• Stress levels and ability to relax
• Body image and self-confidence
• Emotional connection with a partner (if applicable)
• Past experiences and associations with sex
• Cultural and religious beliefs about sexuality
• Presence of distractions or anxiety

How can one improve their mental state for better orgasms? Practicing mindfulness, addressing underlying psychological issues, and fostering open communication with partners are all strategies that can enhance the mental aspects of sexual experiences. Some individuals find that techniques like meditation or guided imagery can help them achieve more intense or satisfying orgasms.

The Power of the Mind: Mental Orgasms

Interestingly, some people report the ability to achieve orgasms through mental stimulation alone, without any physical touch. These “thinking off” or hands-free orgasms demonstrate the profound influence of the mind on sexual response. While not common, this phenomenon highlights the potential for expanding our understanding of sexual pleasure beyond purely physical sensations.

Orgasms Across the Lifespan: Changes and Adaptations

Sexual response and the experience of orgasms can vary significantly throughout a person’s life. Understanding these changes can help individuals navigate their sexual health and maintain satisfying intimate relationships as they age.

Adolescence and Early Adulthood

• Exploration and discovery of sexual response
• Potentially more intense or frequent orgasms due to hormonal surges
• Learning to navigate consent and healthy sexual relationships

Adulthood

• Generally stable sexual function, with individual variations
• Potential changes due to pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting
• Influence of stress, work, and relationship dynamics on sexual satisfaction

Midlife and Beyond

• Hormonal changes (e.g., menopause, andropause) may affect orgasmic response
• Potential need for more stimulation or different techniques to achieve orgasm
• Increased focus on emotional intimacy and non-genital pleasure

How can individuals maintain a satisfying sex life as they age? Adapting to physical changes, maintaining open communication with partners, and exploring new forms of intimacy can all contribute to ongoing sexual satisfaction. It’s also important to address any health issues that may impact sexual function with a healthcare provider.

The Social and Cultural Context of Orgasms

Orgasms don’t occur in a vacuum; they are deeply influenced by the social and cultural context in which individuals live. Understanding these influences can shed light on differences in orgasmic experiences across populations and help address barriers to sexual satisfaction.

Cultural Variations in Orgasmic Experience

• Differing attitudes towards sexual pleasure and its importance
• Varying levels of sex education and awareness of sexual anatomy
• Cultural taboos or restrictions on certain sexual practices
• Gender roles and expectations regarding sexual behavior
• Religious beliefs impacting views on sexuality and orgasm

How do these cultural factors impact individual experiences? They can influence everything from the frequency of orgasms to the types of stimulation people are comfortable exploring. For example, cultures with more open attitudes towards sexuality may see higher rates of orgasm, particularly among women.

The Orgasm Gap

Research has consistently shown a disparity in orgasm frequency between heterosexual men and women, often referred to as the “orgasm gap.” This phenomenon is influenced by various factors, including:

• Lack of knowledge about female sexual anatomy and pleasure
• Prioritization of male pleasure in heterosexual encounters
• Societal myths about female orgasms (e.g., the idea that all women should orgasm from penetration alone)
• Communication barriers between partners about sexual needs and preferences

What can be done to address the orgasm gap? Education, open communication, and a shift in cultural attitudes towards prioritizing mutual pleasure in sexual encounters are all important steps. Encouraging exploration of diverse forms of stimulation and moving away from a solely penetration-focused model of sex can also help bridge this gap.

Technological Advancements and the Future of Orgasms

As technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, its impact on human sexuality and orgasmic experiences is becoming increasingly significant. From sex toys to virtual reality, new technologies are reshaping how people explore and experience sexual pleasure.

Innovations in Sexual Technology

• Smart sex toys that can be controlled remotely or sync with multimedia content
• Virtual and augmented reality platforms for immersive sexual experiences
• Teledildonics enabling long-distance intimate interactions
• AI-powered devices that learn and adapt to individual preferences
• Haptic feedback systems for more realistic sensations

How might these technologies change our understanding and experience of orgasms? They have the potential to expand the range of sensations available, enable new forms of intimacy for long-distance partners, and provide therapeutic tools for individuals with sexual dysfunction. However, they also raise important questions about the nature of intimacy and the potential for technology dependence in sexual experiences.

Ethical Considerations and Future Directions

As sexual technology becomes more advanced, it’s crucial to consider the ethical implications and potential societal impacts. Some key areas of concern include:

• Privacy and data security in connected sexual devices
• The impact of hyper-realistic virtual sexual experiences on real-world relationships
• Potential for addiction to technologically-mediated sexual experiences
• Ensuring inclusivity and avoiding the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes in sex tech design

What does the future hold for orgasms and sexual pleasure? While it’s impossible to predict with certainty, it’s likely that technology will continue to play an increasingly significant role in how people experience and understand sexual pleasure. Balancing innovation with ethical considerations and maintaining a focus on human connection will be crucial as we navigate this evolving landscape.

What is it, what does it feel like, and how long does it last?

Many people regard the orgasm as the peak of sexual excitement. It is a powerful feeling of physical pleasure and sensation. Orgasms usually result from sexual stimulation and involve the muscles, blood vessels, and a release of feel-good chemicals known as endorphins.

A note about sex and gender

Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. Click here to learn more.

Was this helpful?

This article explains what an orgasm is in people of different sexes. It also looks at why orgasms occur and explains some common misconceptions.

Fast facts on orgasms

• Orgasms release endorphins, known as feel-good hormones, which may make people feel sleepy, relaxed, or happy afterwards.
• Orgasms do not only occur during sexual stimulation.
• People of all genders can experience orgasm disorders.
• An estimated 1 in 3 males have experienced premature ejaculation.
• Transgender people are able to orgasm after gender reassignment surgery.

Was this helpful?

According to the American Psychological Association, an orgasm is when a person reaches peak pleasure. The body releases tension, and the perineal muscles, anal sphincter, and reproductive organs rhythmically contract.

Males will usually ejaculate when reaching an orgasm and females will experience vaginal wall contractions. Females may also ejaculate during sexual activity or when experiencing an orgasm.

Learn more about female ejaculation here.

Orgasm models

Sex researchers have defined orgasms within staged models of sexual response. Although the orgasm process can differ greatly between individuals, several basic physiological changes tend to occur in most incidences.

The following models are patterns that occur in all forms of sexual response and do not solely relate to penile-vaginal intercourse.

Master and Johnson’s 4-phase model

In 1966, researchers named William Masters and Virginia Johnson came up with a four-phase model:

1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasm
4. resolution

Kaplan’s 3-stage model

Kaplan’s model differs from most other sexual response models by including desire — most models tend to avoid including nongenital changes. It is also important to note that desire does not precede all sexual activity. The three stages in this model are:

1. desire
2. excitement
3. orgasm

During an orgasm, people may experience an intense feeling of pleasure in the genitals and throughout the body. Orgasms can feel different for each individual.

After an orgasm, the face, neck, or chest may flush. People may also feel sleepy, relaxed, or happy afterwards due to a release of endorphins.

For females

For females, the muscles in the vagina and anus may contract roughly once per second, for around five to eight times. Heart and breathing rates may increase.

Before and during an orgasm, the vagina may become wet, and it may even ejaculate this fluid. Research suggests the percentage of females who ejaculate can range from 10–70%.

Directly after an orgasm, the clitoris may feel more sensitive or uncomfortable to touch.

For males

For males, the muscles in the penis and anus may contract around once every second, between five to eight times. Heart and breathing rates may increase.

The penis may release around 1–2 tablespoons of semen. People may not ejaculate during an orgasm, but both usually occur simultaneously.

Directly after an orgasm, the head of the penis may feel more sensitive or uncomfortable to touch.

According to a 2016 article, research suggests that female orgasms may last for around 20–35 seconds.

Q:

How long does a male orgasm last for?

Anonymous

A:

While the length of an orgasm varies for each individual, orgasms tend to last between 10–60 seconds.

Jennifer Litner, PhD, LMFT, CSTAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

Was this helpful?

Orgasms can help people to sleep better. Research from 2019 finds that orgasms achieved with a partner resulted in good sleep outcomes. Orgasms achieved through masturbation resulted in better sleep quality and reduced the time taken to fall asleep.

The body releases a hormone called oxytocin during an orgasm. Oxytocin may have a variety of health benefits, such as:

• regulating anxiety
• reducing the risk of heart disease
• reducing the risk of cancer, such as ovarian cancer

In addition, there is some evidence that frequent ejaculation in males might reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Research finds that healthcare professionals diagnosed prostate cancer less frequently in those who had high ejaculation rates.

There are many different types of orgasms, some of which are detailed below:

• Clitoral orgasm: This is when an orgasm occurs due to stimulation of the clitoris. A 2019 article notes that 60% of female orgasms occur due to clitoral stimulation.
• Vaginal orgasm: This is when an orgasm occurs vaginal stimulation. The American Psychological Association states that vaginal orgasms are related to the indirect stimulation of the clitoris during sex.
• Blended orgasm: This occurs when clitoral and vaginal orgasms occur together.
• Anal orgasm: Some females experience orgasms during anal sex.
• G-spot orgasm: An orgasm can occur as a result of stimulation of the G-spot.
• Multiple orgasms: A person can experience a series of orgasms over a short time. Masters and Johnson note that females have a shorter refractory (recovery) period, which allows them to experience multiple orgasms in a shorter period of time.
• Imagery-induced: Orgasms can occur as a response to imagery without physical stimulation. Research from 1992 states that orgasms can occur as a result of self-induced imagery. Newer research from 2016 notes that mental imagery activates the brain regions connected to orgasm, reward, and bodily stimulation.
• Nipple orgasm: A person may reach an orgasm due to stimulation of the nipples alone. Stimulation of the nipples can activate the part of the brain that also activates with genital stimulation.

The above list is not exhaustive, and research is ongoing regarding the types of orgasms people can experience.

Can males experience multiple orgasms?

According to a 2016 literature review, males can experience multiple orgasms.

However, this is not common. Less than 10% of people in their 20s and less than 7% of those age 30 or over can experience them.

The researchers note two types of male multiple orgasms: sporadic and condensed.

Sporadic multiple orgasms will have intervals of a few minutes. Condensed multiple orgasms consist of two to four orgasmic bursts in the space of a few seconds to 2 minutes.

More research is required to understand what factors can affect a person’s ability to experience multiple orgasms.

The following description of the physiological process of female orgasms in the genitals will use the Masters and Johnson four-phase model.

Excitement

During female stimulation, either physically or psychologically, the blood vessels within the genitals dilate. Increased blood supply causes fluid to pass through the vaginal walls, making the vulva swollen and wet. Internally, the top of the vagina expands.

During this phase, heart rate and breathing quicken, and blood pressure increases. Blood vessel dilation can lead to the person appearing flushed, particularly on the neck and chest.

Plateau

As blood flow to the introitus (vaginal opening) reaches its limit, it becomes firm. Breasts can increase in size, and increased blood flow to the areola causes the nipples to appear less erect. The clitoris pulls back against the pubic bone, seemingly disappearing.

Orgasm

The genital muscles, including the uterus and vaginal opening, experience rhythmic contractions around 0.8 seconds apart. The female orgasm typically lasts longer than the male orgasm, at an average of around 20–35 seconds.

Unlike males, most females do not have a recovery period and so can have further orgasms with repeated stimulation.

Resolution

The body gradually returns to its former state. Swelling reduces while the pulse and breathing slow.

The following description of the bodily process of male orgasms in the genitals uses the Masters and Johnson four-phase model.

Excitement

Male stimulation, either physically or psychologically, can lead to an erection. Blood flows into the corpora (spongy tissue running the length of the penis), causing the penis to grow in size and become rigid. The testicles draw up toward the body as the scrotum tightens.

Plateau

As the blood vessels in and around the penis fill with blood, the glans and testicles increase in size. In addition, thigh and buttock muscles tense, blood pressure rises, the pulse quickens, and the rate of breathing increases.

Orgasm

Semen enters the urethra by a series of contractions in the pelvic floor muscles, the prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, and the vas deferens.

Contractions in the pelvic floor muscles and prostate gland also force the semen out of the penis in a process called ejaculation.

Resolution

The male now enters a temporary recovery phase. This is the refractory period, and its length varies from person to person. It can last from a few minutes to a few days, and this period generally grows longer as a male ages.

During this phase, the penis and testicles return to their original size. The breathing may be heavy and fast, and the pulse will be elevated.

Orgasms typically occur as part of a sexual response cycle. They often take place following the continual stimulation of erogenous zones, such as the genitals, anus, nipples, and perineum.

Orgasms occur following two basic responses to continual stimulation:

• Vasocongestion: This is the process in which body tissues fill up with blood, swelling in size as a result.
• Myotonia: This is the process in which muscles tense, including both voluntary flexing and involuntary contracting.

According to a 2017 article, people can experience an orgasm from stimulation other than in the genital area, such as the ears or nipples. Even mental stimulation can produce an orgasm.

Orgasmic disorders can lead to distress, frustration, and feelings of shame, both for the person experiencing the symptoms and their sexual partner.

Although orgasms occur similarly in all genders, healthcare professionals tend to describe orgasm disorders in gendered terms.

Female orgasmic disorders

Female orgasmic disorders center around the absence or significant delay of orgasms following sufficient stimulation.

Doctors refer to the absence of having orgasms as anorgasmia. This term can either refer to when a person has never experienced an orgasm (primary anorgasmia) or when a person who previously experienced orgasms no longer can (secondary anorgasmia). The condition can occur generally or in specific situations.

Female orgasmic disorders can occur as the result of physical causes, such as gynecological conditions or the use of certain medications, or psychological causes such as anxiety or depression.

Male orgasmic disorders

Male orgasmic disorder (male anorgasmia) involves a persistent and recurrent delay or absence of orgasm following sufficient stimulation.

Male anorgasmia can be a lifelong condition or one that happens after a period of regular sexual functioning. The condition can occur generally or in specific situations.

Male anorgasmia can occur as the result of physical conditions such as low testosterone, psychological conditions such as anxiety, or through the use of certain medications such as antidepressants.

Premature ejaculation

Ejaculation in males is closely associated with an orgasm. Premature ejaculation, where a male ejaculates sooner than they would want to, is a common sexual complaint.

Premature ejaculation may be due to a combination of psychological factors such as guilt or anxiety and biological factors such as hormone levels or nerve damage.

The importance that society places on sex — combined with our incomplete knowledge of the orgasm — has led to several common misconceptions.

Sexual culture has placed the orgasm on a pedestal, often prizing it as the only goal for sexual encounters.

However, orgasms are not as simple or as common as many people would suggest.

In a 2016 study, 14% of women under the age of 35 had never experienced an orgasm from sexual intercourse. The same study reports that 9% of women surveyed, regardless of age, had never experienced an orgasm from sexual intercourse.

Other data in the study reported that only 38% of young women usually had an orgasm during intercourse, while 43% reported infrequent orgasms.

In the United States, as many as 1 in 3 males 18–59 years old report having problems with premature ejaculation at some point in their lives.

Research has shown that orgasms are also not widely considered the most important aspect of a sexual experience. According to the Kinsey Institute, reports of sexual satisfaction from both males and females were more likely when they experienced:

• frequent kissing and cuddling
• sexual caressing from partner
• higher sexual functioning
• more frequent sex

Another misconception is that penile-vaginal stimulation is the main way for people to achieve an orgasm. While this may be true for many people, many more females experience higher sexual arousal following the stimulation of the clitoris.

Orgasms can occur in many ways. Orgasms do not necessarily have to involve the genitals, nor do they have to link with sexual desires, as evidenced by examples of exercise-induced orgasm.

Another common misconception is that transgender people cannot orgasm after gender reassignment surgery.

A 2018 study looked at the effects of gender affirming surgery (GAS) on orgasm.

In participants who had undergone GAS with penile inversion vaginoplasty and then had sexual intercourse, 55.8% reported their orgasms to be more intense than before the surgery. Of the participants, 20.8% reported no difference.

A 2014 study focused on 97 people who underwent single-stage metoidioplasty. The researchers found that none of those who had the surgery had any problems achieving an orgasm.

Johns Hopkins states that achieving an orgasm is possible after phalloplasty.

The journey to an orgasm is a very individual experience that has no singular, all-encompassing definition. In many cases, experts recommend avoiding comparison with other people or preexisting concepts of what an orgasm should be.

Orgasms can be different for each individual and do not only occur through sexual stimulation.

People of all genders can have orgasms, and transgender people can orgasm after gender affirmation surgery. Orgasms can release endorphins, which may cause an increased feeling of relaxation or happiness afterward.

People of any gender may also experience orgasm disorders, such as premature ejaculation or an inability to orgasm. If people have any concerns regarding their orgasms, they can speak with a doctor or sex therapist.

Read this article in Spanish.

What is it, what does it feel like, and how long does it last?

Many people regard the orgasm as the peak of sexual excitement. It is a powerful feeling of physical pleasure and sensation. Orgasms usually result from sexual stimulation and involve the muscles, blood vessels, and a release of feel-good chemicals known as endorphins.

A note about sex and gender

Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. Click here to learn more.

Was this helpful?

This article explains what an orgasm is in people of different sexes. It also looks at why orgasms occur and explains some common misconceptions.

Fast facts on orgasms

• Orgasms release endorphins, known as feel-good hormones, which may make people feel sleepy, relaxed, or happy afterwards.
• Orgasms do not only occur during sexual stimulation.
• People of all genders can experience orgasm disorders.
• An estimated 1 in 3 males have experienced premature ejaculation.
• Transgender people are able to orgasm after gender reassignment surgery.

Was this helpful?

According to the American Psychological Association, an orgasm is when a person reaches peak pleasure. The body releases tension, and the perineal muscles, anal sphincter, and reproductive organs rhythmically contract.

Males will usually ejaculate when reaching an orgasm and females will experience vaginal wall contractions. Females may also ejaculate during sexual activity or when experiencing an orgasm.

Learn more about female ejaculation here.

Orgasm models

Sex researchers have defined orgasms within staged models of sexual response. Although the orgasm process can differ greatly between individuals, several basic physiological changes tend to occur in most incidences.

The following models are patterns that occur in all forms of sexual response and do not solely relate to penile-vaginal intercourse.

Master and Johnson’s 4-phase model

In 1966, researchers named William Masters and Virginia Johnson came up with a four-phase model:

1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasm
4. resolution

Kaplan’s 3-stage model

Kaplan’s model differs from most other sexual response models by including desire — most models tend to avoid including nongenital changes. It is also important to note that desire does not precede all sexual activity. The three stages in this model are:

1. desire
2. excitement
3. orgasm

During an orgasm, people may experience an intense feeling of pleasure in the genitals and throughout the body. Orgasms can feel different for each individual.

After an orgasm, the face, neck, or chest may flush. People may also feel sleepy, relaxed, or happy afterwards due to a release of endorphins.

For females

For females, the muscles in the vagina and anus may contract roughly once per second, for around five to eight times. Heart and breathing rates may increase.

Before and during an orgasm, the vagina may become wet, and it may even ejaculate this fluid. Research suggests the percentage of females who ejaculate can range from 10–70%.

Directly after an orgasm, the clitoris may feel more sensitive or uncomfortable to touch.

For males

For males, the muscles in the penis and anus may contract around once every second, between five to eight times. Heart and breathing rates may increase.

The penis may release around 1–2 tablespoons of semen. People may not ejaculate during an orgasm, but both usually occur simultaneously.

Directly after an orgasm, the head of the penis may feel more sensitive or uncomfortable to touch.

According to a 2016 article, research suggests that female orgasms may last for around 20–35 seconds.

Q:

How long does a male orgasm last for?

Anonymous

A:

While the length of an orgasm varies for each individual, orgasms tend to last between 10–60 seconds.

Jennifer Litner, PhD, LMFT, CSTAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

Was this helpful?

Orgasms can help people to sleep better. Research from 2019 finds that orgasms achieved with a partner resulted in good sleep outcomes. Orgasms achieved through masturbation resulted in better sleep quality and reduced the time taken to fall asleep.

The body releases a hormone called oxytocin during an orgasm. Oxytocin may have a variety of health benefits, such as:

• regulating anxiety
• reducing the risk of heart disease
• reducing the risk of cancer, such as ovarian cancer

In addition, there is some evidence that frequent ejaculation in males might reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Research finds that healthcare professionals diagnosed prostate cancer less frequently in those who had high ejaculation rates.

There are many different types of orgasms, some of which are detailed below:

• Clitoral orgasm: This is when an orgasm occurs due to stimulation of the clitoris. A 2019 article notes that 60% of female orgasms occur due to clitoral stimulation.
• Vaginal orgasm: This is when an orgasm occurs vaginal stimulation. The American Psychological Association states that vaginal orgasms are related to the indirect stimulation of the clitoris during sex.
• Blended orgasm: This occurs when clitoral and vaginal orgasms occur together.
• Anal orgasm: Some females experience orgasms during anal sex.
• G-spot orgasm: An orgasm can occur as a result of stimulation of the G-spot.
• Multiple orgasms: A person can experience a series of orgasms over a short time. Masters and Johnson note that females have a shorter refractory (recovery) period, which allows them to experience multiple orgasms in a shorter period of time.
• Imagery-induced: Orgasms can occur as a response to imagery without physical stimulation. Research from 1992 states that orgasms can occur as a result of self-induced imagery. Newer research from 2016 notes that mental imagery activates the brain regions connected to orgasm, reward, and bodily stimulation.
• Nipple orgasm: A person may reach an orgasm due to stimulation of the nipples alone. Stimulation of the nipples can activate the part of the brain that also activates with genital stimulation.

The above list is not exhaustive, and research is ongoing regarding the types of orgasms people can experience.

Can males experience multiple orgasms?

According to a 2016 literature review, males can experience multiple orgasms.

However, this is not common. Less than 10% of people in their 20s and less than 7% of those age 30 or over can experience them.

The researchers note two types of male multiple orgasms: sporadic and condensed.

Sporadic multiple orgasms will have intervals of a few minutes. Condensed multiple orgasms consist of two to four orgasmic bursts in the space of a few seconds to 2 minutes.

More research is required to understand what factors can affect a person’s ability to experience multiple orgasms.

The following description of the physiological process of female orgasms in the genitals will use the Masters and Johnson four-phase model.

Excitement

During female stimulation, either physically or psychologically, the blood vessels within the genitals dilate. Increased blood supply causes fluid to pass through the vaginal walls, making the vulva swollen and wet. Internally, the top of the vagina expands.

During this phase, heart rate and breathing quicken, and blood pressure increases. Blood vessel dilation can lead to the person appearing flushed, particularly on the neck and chest.

Plateau

As blood flow to the introitus (vaginal opening) reaches its limit, it becomes firm. Breasts can increase in size, and increased blood flow to the areola causes the nipples to appear less erect. The clitoris pulls back against the pubic bone, seemingly disappearing.

Orgasm

The genital muscles, including the uterus and vaginal opening, experience rhythmic contractions around 0.8 seconds apart. The female orgasm typically lasts longer than the male orgasm, at an average of around 20–35 seconds.

Unlike males, most females do not have a recovery period and so can have further orgasms with repeated stimulation.

Resolution

The body gradually returns to its former state. Swelling reduces while the pulse and breathing slow.

The following description of the bodily process of male orgasms in the genitals uses the Masters and Johnson four-phase model.

Excitement

Male stimulation, either physically or psychologically, can lead to an erection. Blood flows into the corpora (spongy tissue running the length of the penis), causing the penis to grow in size and become rigid. The testicles draw up toward the body as the scrotum tightens.

Plateau

As the blood vessels in and around the penis fill with blood, the glans and testicles increase in size. In addition, thigh and buttock muscles tense, blood pressure rises, the pulse quickens, and the rate of breathing increases.

Orgasm

Semen enters the urethra by a series of contractions in the pelvic floor muscles, the prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, and the vas deferens.

Contractions in the pelvic floor muscles and prostate gland also force the semen out of the penis in a process called ejaculation.

Resolution

The male now enters a temporary recovery phase. This is the refractory period, and its length varies from person to person. It can last from a few minutes to a few days, and this period generally grows longer as a male ages.

During this phase, the penis and testicles return to their original size. The breathing may be heavy and fast, and the pulse will be elevated.

Orgasms typically occur as part of a sexual response cycle. They often take place following the continual stimulation of erogenous zones, such as the genitals, anus, nipples, and perineum.

Orgasms occur following two basic responses to continual stimulation:

• Vasocongestion: This is the process in which body tissues fill up with blood, swelling in size as a result.
• Myotonia: This is the process in which muscles tense, including both voluntary flexing and involuntary contracting.

According to a 2017 article, people can experience an orgasm from stimulation other than in the genital area, such as the ears or nipples. Even mental stimulation can produce an orgasm.

Orgasmic disorders can lead to distress, frustration, and feelings of shame, both for the person experiencing the symptoms and their sexual partner.

Although orgasms occur similarly in all genders, healthcare professionals tend to describe orgasm disorders in gendered terms.

Female orgasmic disorders

Female orgasmic disorders center around the absence or significant delay of orgasms following sufficient stimulation.

Doctors refer to the absence of having orgasms as anorgasmia. This term can either refer to when a person has never experienced an orgasm (primary anorgasmia) or when a person who previously experienced orgasms no longer can (secondary anorgasmia). The condition can occur generally or in specific situations.

Female orgasmic disorders can occur as the result of physical causes, such as gynecological conditions or the use of certain medications, or psychological causes such as anxiety or depression.

Male orgasmic disorders

Male orgasmic disorder (male anorgasmia) involves a persistent and recurrent delay or absence of orgasm following sufficient stimulation.

Male anorgasmia can be a lifelong condition or one that happens after a period of regular sexual functioning. The condition can occur generally or in specific situations.

Male anorgasmia can occur as the result of physical conditions such as low testosterone, psychological conditions such as anxiety, or through the use of certain medications such as antidepressants.

Premature ejaculation

Ejaculation in males is closely associated with an orgasm. Premature ejaculation, where a male ejaculates sooner than they would want to, is a common sexual complaint.

Premature ejaculation may be due to a combination of psychological factors such as guilt or anxiety and biological factors such as hormone levels or nerve damage.

The importance that society places on sex — combined with our incomplete knowledge of the orgasm — has led to several common misconceptions.

Sexual culture has placed the orgasm on a pedestal, often prizing it as the only goal for sexual encounters.

However, orgasms are not as simple or as common as many people would suggest.

In a 2016 study, 14% of women under the age of 35 had never experienced an orgasm from sexual intercourse. The same study reports that 9% of women surveyed, regardless of age, had never experienced an orgasm from sexual intercourse.

Other data in the study reported that only 38% of young women usually had an orgasm during intercourse, while 43% reported infrequent orgasms.

In the United States, as many as 1 in 3 males 18–59 years old report having problems with premature ejaculation at some point in their lives.

Research has shown that orgasms are also not widely considered the most important aspect of a sexual experience. According to the Kinsey Institute, reports of sexual satisfaction from both males and females were more likely when they experienced:

• frequent kissing and cuddling
• sexual caressing from partner
• higher sexual functioning
• more frequent sex

Another misconception is that penile-vaginal stimulation is the main way for people to achieve an orgasm. While this may be true for many people, many more females experience higher sexual arousal following the stimulation of the clitoris.

Orgasms can occur in many ways. Orgasms do not necessarily have to involve the genitals, nor do they have to link with sexual desires, as evidenced by examples of exercise-induced orgasm.

Another common misconception is that transgender people cannot orgasm after gender reassignment surgery.

A 2018 study looked at the effects of gender affirming surgery (GAS) on orgasm.

In participants who had undergone GAS with penile inversion vaginoplasty and then had sexual intercourse, 55.8% reported their orgasms to be more intense than before the surgery. Of the participants, 20.8% reported no difference.

A 2014 study focused on 97 people who underwent single-stage metoidioplasty. The researchers found that none of those who had the surgery had any problems achieving an orgasm.

Johns Hopkins states that achieving an orgasm is possible after phalloplasty.

The journey to an orgasm is a very individual experience that has no singular, all-encompassing definition. In many cases, experts recommend avoiding comparison with other people or preexisting concepts of what an orgasm should be.

Orgasms can be different for each individual and do not only occur through sexual stimulation.

People of all genders can have orgasms, and transgender people can orgasm after gender affirmation surgery. Orgasms can release endorphins, which may cause an increased feeling of relaxation or happiness afterward.

People of any gender may also experience orgasm disorders, such as premature ejaculation or an inability to orgasm. If people have any concerns regarding their orgasms, they can speak with a doctor or sex therapist.

Read this article in Spanish.

female and male orgasm in terms of science, why it is needed

Clinically, an orgasm is just a series of involuntary muscle contractions in both a man and a woman, nothing supernatural. In the end, it’s nice. However, from a scientific point of view, this process is of great interest and raises many questions. Some of them still remain without a clear answer. Why do legs give way during orgasm, what does it have to do with sneezing, why do men fall asleep after it, why do women need it, what muscles work during orgasm, and what kind of implant do scientists implant to get it?

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It is unlikely that the average person has seriously studied how an orgasm works, but anyone who has experienced it agrees that it feels like a firework of emotions.

What happens to the body at the moment of orgasm?

On a physical and chemical level, the process of how an orgasm works is somewhat similar to other muscle contractions after a series of efforts, although there are significant differences.

Thus, during sexual excitement, the following changes occur:

• The heart rate can double
• Blood rushes to the genitals
• Muscles are strained
• Chemicals and hormones, such as oxytocin, fill the organism.

What sensations do we experience during an orgasm?

The strength of these phenomena is of course individual, but they occur regardless of which muscles work best in a particular person during orgasm. Interestingly, men and women report the same sensations during orgasm. In one survey, volunteers were asked to describe the sensations they experience during orgasm. Volunteers described, but the doctors could not distinguish between male and female answers. But this does not mean that, for example, the female orgasm strictly works like the male one and vice versa. The biochemistry of this “fireworks” is also interesting. Studies show that during ejaculation, norepinephrine, serotonin, oxytocin, vasopressin, nitric oxide, prolactin and other substances are generated in the body of a man. Why such a strong chemical cocktail? For a feeling of sexual satisfaction. In this sense, male pleasure works like a hammer: extremely crude and simple. A signal with a flashing red light enters the brain: “The work is done, the race is continued!”. The release of prolactin is associated with sexual satiety and the very subsequent drowsiness. The hormone starts the process of “recharging”, the man turns on his side and falls asleep sweetly. This is how the orgasm is arranged in this sex, which is confirmed by experiments with animals. Those of them who were injected with prolactin into the blood were covered with fatigue mixed with drowsiness. Studies have also shown that prolactin-deficient men “recharge” faster. For unknown reasons, four times more prolactin is released during sex than during masturbation.

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Oxytocin and vasopressin are also associated with sleep. They are often secreted along with melatonin, the main hormone that regulates our body’s internal clock. Oxytocin is also thought to reduce stress levels, which can lead to relaxation and drowsiness. Therefore, orgasm is designed in such a way that changes in the body at the hormonal level, even in large doses, are not able to radically change the body.

Features of the male orgasm

Speaking of male orgasm, it is customary to identify it with ejaculation, because in most cases ejaculation occurs very close to the time of actual pleasure. However, in reality, ejaculation is a purely physical process during which some muscles contract and others relax. And orgasm is an emotional experience that can be accompanied by physical reactions of the body.

A man’s orgasm can take place with or without ejaculation. It depends on the state of health, medication, medical interventions or mental problems.

In addition, some Eastern scholars consider ejaculation an unnecessary and even harmful waste of biological material and offer techniques for dissociating orgasm and ejaculation.

Features of the female orgasm

There are many myths around the female orgasm. One of them is that there is a huge difference between clitoral and vaginal orgasms. In fact, there is only one orgasm, and in 99% of cases the clitoris is involved in this process. Only sensations can differ, because during a vaginal orgasm, clitoral stimulation occurs from the other side. A woman can get an orgasm from penetration if her clitoris is located quite high from the entrance to the vagina (more than two centimeters). However, about 70% of women do not reach the peak of pleasure during penetration sex and need additional clitoral stimulation.

Why do you need an orgasm?

Men are simple: orgasm often goes hand in hand with ejaculation. Since ejaculation can lead to pregnancy, scientists believe that the main purpose of the male orgasm is to reproduce. No intrigue. But if male pleasure works in such a primitive way, as science says, then what does she think about women? The causes of the female orgasm have long been hidden from the scientific community, leaving behind a whole trail of theories. One says that women have orgasms because men have them. It’s like nipples on the chest: in women they perform a very specific function, while in men they are a useless organ. Evolution works in such a way that an unnecessary organ, function or process disappears in individuals of both sexes, as in the case of the tail. Therefore, men with nipples, and women with orgasms.

Great, but there is a problem. If this is such a cool anatomical bonus, then why is the female orgasm so much more intense and longer than the male, in addition, can happen several times in a row? Men cannot boast of anything like that, but would like to. Of course, theories about how orgasms work in women are varied, but there is no consensus. Plus, unlike the nipples, nothing has decreased in the anatomical structures involved in the female orgasm. The clitoris is a very sensitive part of the female genital organs that plays a key role in orgasm and is homologous to the penis. Like the same damned nipples – in the male and female sexes, these organs are built from the same anatomical structure.

Orgasm as a social tool

There is a theory that orgasm has nothing to do with reproduction, and instead it developed only for pleasure. Sex that both men and women enjoy plays an important social role. It relieves stress and helps to get closer. If you look at how the orgasm works in men and women and its chemical processes, then the version of only getting pleasure seems to be very consistent. Our ancestors may have had sex to form tighter groups, smooth out conflicts, and reinforce their social role. We see this behavior in other primates these days, such as bonobos, who can use sex to help break up a fight over a banana or stop clan rivalry altogether. And although specialists do not have a final and unified understanding of why an orgasm is needed, the version of its socialization function seems to be preferable.

Not everyone has an orgasm

It’s good when you can experience pleasure. But what about those who have a problem with sex and other joys, not to mention orgasm? For some, anhedonia, the reduction or loss of the ability to experience pleasure, is a big problem. Researchers from the University of Oxford are studying how orgasm works and are working on a special chip. According to experts, the chip will stimulate the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain, where an orgasm begins to form. The researchers say the same type of device has long been successfully used to treat Parkinson’s disease, but a working implant to control pleasure is much more complex and expensive.

While work is in full swing in Oxford, there is already a patent on the other side of the Atlantic. If the Americans have not fully figured out how the female orgasm works, then they certainly brought it closer and made many women happy with their device. The orgasmatron, patented by Dr. Stuart Meloy, is a small box fixed to the spine that can send electrical signals of pleasure at any time the user desires. The history of this device is similar to the discovery of America: Columbus sailed to India, and as a result discovered a new continent. So here – Meloy treated the patient for chronic pain in the joints with the help of his device, consisting of the same box and a pair of electrodes. He connected the electrodes somewhere and turned on the power, the patient began to breathe rapidly and moan characteristically. Taking a breath, the disheveled but pleased madam said to Meloy: “You will have to teach my husband how to handle this thing!” Then Meloy realized that in his hands was not a banal medical instrument, but a unique device with an “Orgasm” button. After how the orgasm in women worked in such a non-trivial way, the device was patented. Today, installing the gadget requires surgery and costs about $3,000.

What else is an orgasm like?

Implants are a good thing, but troublesome and expensive. How about a natural orgasmotron? There is a myth that when we sneeze, we experience something like an orgasm. This is partly true. Sneezing is a reflex that involves tension and release. As in sex, there is a moment before the climax and the firework of sensations itself. It is rather crude to say that sneezing works like an orgasm for our body. Some evidence suggests that sneezing, like orgasm, releases endorphins. There are cases when men and women sneezed with strong sexual arousal. This phenomenon occurs when the nerve endings that regulate the awakening of the genitals during arousal and some automatic functions are intertwined like pasta in a saucepan. After all, the nose, like the genitals, contains erectile tissue, therefore, including excitation, the brain turns on the blowing of the nasopharynx. And this is somewhat similar to how the orgasm we are used to works.

Orgasm is not a necessary condition for reproduction, but makes sexual intercourse attractive. This is the third, extreme and shortest phase in the cycle of human sexual reactions, which include not only physiological, but also emotional changes. And this is perhaps one of the most complex and not fully understood human feelings. One thing is clear, from an evolutionary point of view, orgasm is a great idea.

What kinds of female orgasms really exist

Likbez

Sex

September 3, 2022

The researchers decided not so long ago.

Why a woman has an orgasm

Orgasm is a pleasant feeling at the end of sexual arousal. Most often, it occurs due to stimulation of the genital organs, but the nervous system – the brain and spinal cord – is also involved in its appearance.

Many people still think that the “correct” orgasm is always vaginal, but there are dozens of “extra” orgasms. The popularity of this opinion is explained by the fact that for quite a long time men were mainly engaged in science. Therefore, the study of the female orgasm was not something of a priority. Once upon a time, the vagina was thought to be an everted penis, which supported the theory that penetration was everything in sex. This idea was also helped by Sigmund Freud, who called the clitoral orgasm immature.

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It has now been proven that the clitoris is similar in structure to the penis. Few men can boast that they finish without penis stimulation, and women here are not much different from them. Most people need clitoral stimulation to achieve orgasm, and penetration is just a nice touch.

What types of female orgasms exist

It is a mistake to think that there are any special types of female orgasms. But it can arise in response to different stimuli. True, most likely, this will somehow be connected with the clitoris or the work of the brain.

Evgenia Smolenskaya

Mental Health Center clinical psychologist, sexologist.

Various types of stimulation can be great ways to hit the “gas” to increase arousal to the point where orgasm becomes possible.

How else can a woman have an orgasm

Several options.

From vaginal sex

There is a point of view that if the clitoris is near the entrance to the vagina, then there may be an orgasm in response to penetration, and if not, it will not work to force the body.

Evgenia Smolenskaya

This is not so. There is no difference in the location of the clitoris relative to the vagina. Much more important is the position in which it can be stimulated. For each woman it will be something different – you need to try.

But scientists could not find the G-spot, despite the fact that some cosmetologists and gynecologists even offer to increase its size. But there may be sensitive endings in the anterior wall of the vagina, because the legs of the clitoris pass nearby and this way it turns out to influence it indirectly.

There is no separate cervical orgasm either: there are very few nerve endings in the cervix. But sensations can also be pleasurable through indirect clitoral stimulation.

From anal sex

Although there is no specific anal orgasm, many people, both women and men, enjoy anal stimulation. The fact is that in and around it there are a lot of nerve endings that appeared from the same nerves as on the surface of the clitoris or the glans penis. In addition, friction can stimulate the legs of the clitoris. Therefore, the anus is a very sensitive place.

From stimulation of erogenous zones

Any part of the body can be an erogenous zone. For example, women often enjoy having their nipples interacted with. Sometimes it is even possible to get an orgasm just from touching them. Scientists conducted an experiment and found that during the stimulation of the nipples in the brain, the same zones are activated as when touching the clitoris. So that can also lead to orgasm.

From intense exercise

Orgasm during exercise can happen to both men and women. It is thought to be caused by muscle contraction and recoil into the pelvic floor during exercise.

In addition, sports activities that stimulate the clitoris can also bring pleasure: rope climbing, horseback riding and others.

From sexual fantasies

Many men and women experience an orgasm in their sleep at least once in their lives, and practitioners of tantric sex can reach their peak with the help of special breathing exercises. This suggests the connection of physical sensations with the activation of the cerebral cortex. Therefore, some stimuli from memory or based on expectations (for example, a dream about a fictional attractive person) leads to a rush of blood to the genitals, and the general relaxation of the body helps to achieve orgasm.

Do women have multiple orgasms

Yes. The sexual cycle consists of four stages: arousal – plateau – orgasm – resolution, or sedation. After the final stage, a refractory period follows, when the body can no longer respond to stimulation and even pain occurs. In women who experience multiple orgasms, this stage is shorter than in others. That is why there can be several waves in a row.

Do squirting orgasms really exist

Yes, female ejaculation is real. But its presence and absence is normal. Usually, a white liquid is released during the process, which consists of the secret of the paraurethral glands. This substance is very small – about a teaspoon.

Some women pass a lot of fluid at once. In this case, a certain amount of very dilute urine, which does not have a characteristic odor, is added to the secret of the glands. For example, this may occur due to stress urinary incontinence on the background of strong stimulation.

Jet orgasms are not always pleasurable and should not be the goal.

How to get an orgasm for a woman

There are various ways of stimulation that can lead to an orgasm. To find out what exactly will give pleasure, you need to try different ways, but the shortest way is to influence the clitoris. Try masturbation, petting, cunnilingus, vacuum stimulation on your own or with a partner.

Evgenia Smolenskaya

Control of the “gas pedal” is not a permanent quality, but a skill that is trained by a sufficient number of experiments. That is, in order to learn how to excite yourself, you need to have sex regularly.

But, while accelerating, you should not press the brakes at the same time, that is, subject yourself to an experience that, on the contrary, will extinguish the excitement.