What are AST and ALT. How are these enzymes related to liver health. What causes elevated levels of AST and ALT. How are high AST and ALT levels diagnosed. What are the implications of elevated liver enzymes.

The Significance of AST and ALT in Liver Health

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are enzymes primarily found in the liver. These enzymes play a crucial role in amino acid metabolism and are often used as biomarkers for liver health. When liver cells are damaged, these enzymes are released into the bloodstream, causing their levels to rise. Understanding the significance of high AST and ALT levels is essential for diagnosing and monitoring various liver conditions.

What are AST and ALT?

AST, also known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), is an enzyme found not only in the liver but also in muscles and other organs. ALT, on the other hand, is more specific to the liver. Both enzymes are involved in the transfer of amino groups during the metabolism of amino acids. When liver cells are damaged or die, these enzymes are released into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels detectable through blood tests.

Normal Ranges for AST and ALT

The normal ranges for AST and ALT can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and the specific testing method used. However, generally accepted ranges are:

• AST: 10 to 40 units per liter (U/L)
• ALT: 7 to 56 U/L

It’s important to note that these ranges may differ based on factors such as age, sex, and overall health status. Your healthcare provider will interpret your results based on your individual circumstances.

Common Causes of Elevated AST and ALT Levels

There are numerous reasons why AST and ALT levels may be elevated. Some of the most common causes include:

1. Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, or autoimmune)
2. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
3. Cirrhosis
4. Alcohol abuse
5. Certain medications (e.g., acetaminophen, statins)
6. Obesity
7. Metabolic syndrome
8. Muscle damage or injury
9. Heart conditions (for AST)

Understanding the underlying cause of elevated liver enzymes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. In some cases, the elevation may be temporary and resolve on its own, while in others, it may indicate a more serious liver condition requiring immediate attention.

Diagnosing High AST and ALT Levels

Diagnosis of high AST and ALT levels typically begins with a blood test, often as part of a routine health screening or in response to symptoms suggestive of liver problems. The process of diagnosis may involve several steps:

Blood Tests

A comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) or liver function tests (LFTs) are commonly used to measure AST and ALT levels. These tests may also include other markers of liver function, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and bilirubin.

Medical History and Physical Examination

Your healthcare provider will review your medical history, including any pre-existing conditions, medications, alcohol consumption, and family history of liver disease. A physical examination may be performed to check for signs of liver problems, such as jaundice or abdominal tenderness.

Additional Tests

Depending on the initial findings, your doctor may recommend further tests to determine the underlying cause of elevated liver enzymes. These may include:

• Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI)
• Viral hepatitis screening
• Autoimmune markers
• Liver biopsy (in some cases)

The combination of these diagnostic tools helps healthcare providers accurately identify the cause of high AST and ALT levels and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Interpreting AST to ALT Ratio

The ratio of AST to ALT can provide valuable information about the nature and severity of liver damage. This ratio is particularly useful in differentiating between alcoholic liver disease and other forms of liver injury.

AST:ALT Ratio in Alcoholic Liver Disease

In alcoholic liver disease, the AST:ALT ratio is typically greater than 2:1. This occurs because alcohol consumption induces the release of mitochondrial AST, leading to a more significant increase in AST compared to ALT. A ratio greater than 3:1 is highly suggestive of alcoholic liver disease.

AST:ALT Ratio in Other Liver Conditions

For most other causes of liver damage, the AST:ALT ratio is usually less than 1:1. In cases of viral hepatitis or drug-induced liver injury, ALT levels often exceed AST levels. However, as liver disease progresses to cirrhosis, the ratio may increase due to decreased ALT production in damaged liver cells.

Implications of Persistently Elevated Liver Enzymes

Persistently elevated AST and ALT levels can have significant implications for overall health and may indicate the presence of chronic liver disease. Some potential consequences of long-term liver enzyme elevation include:

• Increased risk of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis
• Higher likelihood of developing hepatocellular carcinoma
• Impaired liver function and metabolism
• Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
• Potential complications in other organ systems

Given these potential risks, it’s crucial to identify and address the underlying cause of elevated liver enzymes promptly. Regular monitoring and appropriate management can help prevent the progression of liver disease and associated complications.

Management Strategies for High AST and ALT Levels

The management of high AST and ALT levels depends on the underlying cause. However, some general strategies can be beneficial in many cases:

Lifestyle Modifications

• Limiting or avoiding alcohol consumption
• Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
• Avoiding unnecessary medications and supplements
• Managing underlying conditions such as diabetes or high cholesterol

Treating Underlying Conditions

Specific treatments may be necessary depending on the cause of elevated liver enzymes. For example:

• Antiviral medications for viral hepatitis
• Immunosuppressive drugs for autoimmune hepatitis
• Weight loss interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Discontinuation or adjustment of medications causing liver injury

In some cases, a combination of treatments may be required to effectively manage liver enzyme levels and prevent further liver damage.

Monitoring and Follow-up for Elevated Liver Enzymes

Regular monitoring is essential for patients with elevated AST and ALT levels. The frequency of follow-up tests and evaluations depends on the severity of the elevation and the underlying cause. Your healthcare provider may recommend:

Periodic Blood Tests

Repeat liver function tests may be performed at regular intervals to track changes in enzyme levels and assess the effectiveness of treatment.

Imaging Studies

Follow-up ultrasounds or other imaging studies may be recommended to monitor liver structure and detect any progression of liver disease.

Lifestyle Assessments

Your healthcare provider may regularly assess your adherence to lifestyle modifications and their impact on liver enzyme levels.

By maintaining close communication with your healthcare team and following recommended monitoring protocols, you can effectively manage elevated liver enzymes and reduce the risk of long-term liver damage.

Emerging Research and Future Directions

The field of hepatology is continuously evolving, with ongoing research aimed at improving our understanding of liver enzyme elevations and their implications. Some areas of current interest include:

Non-invasive Fibrosis Assessment

Researchers are developing and refining non-invasive methods to assess liver fibrosis, such as transient elastography and serum biomarker panels. These techniques may provide valuable information about liver health without the need for invasive liver biopsies.

Genetic Factors

Studies are exploring the role of genetic variations in determining individual susceptibility to liver enzyme elevations and the progression of liver disease. This research may lead to more personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment.

Novel Therapeutic Targets

Ongoing investigations are identifying new therapeutic targets for various liver diseases, potentially leading to more effective treatments for conditions associated with elevated AST and ALT levels.

As research in these areas progresses, our ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat liver conditions associated with elevated enzymes is likely to improve, leading to better outcomes for patients with liver disease.

AST Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test

What is an AST Test?

AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme that is found mostly in the liver, but it’s also in muscles and other organs in your body. When cells that contain AST are damaged, they release the AST into your blood. An AST blood test measures the amount of AST in your blood. The test is commonly used to help diagnose liver damage or disease.

Other names: SGOT test, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase test; aspartate transaminase test

What is it used for?

An AST blood test is often part of a routine blood screening to check the health of your liver. The test may help diagnose or monitor liver problems. It may also help diagnose other health conditions.

Why do I need an AST blood test?

You may get an AST blood test as part of your routine checkup or if you have symptoms of liver damage. These may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Lack of appetite
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Jaundice, a condition that causes your skin and eyes to turn yellow
• Swelling and/or pain in your abdomen (belly)
• Swelling in your ankles and legs
• Dark-colored urine (pee) and/or light-colored stool (poop)
• Frequent itching

Even if you don’t have symptoms, your health care provider may order an AST blood test if you’re more likely to develop liver disease because of:

• A family history of liver disease
• Alcohol use disorder
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Taking certain medicines that can cause liver damage
• Hepatitis or exposure to hepatitis

What happens during an AST blood test?

A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.

Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?

You don’t need any special preparations for an AST blood test. But an AST test is usually ordered with other blood tests. You usually need to fast (not eat or drink) for up to 12 hours before these tests. Your provider will let you know if there are any special instructions to follow.

Are there any risks to the test?

There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.

What do the results mean?

High levels of AST in the blood may be a sign of hepatitis, cirrhosis, mononucleosis, or other liver diseases. High AST levels may also be a sign of heart problems or pancreatitis.

If your results are not in the normal range, it doesn’t always mean that you have a medical condition that needs treatment. Many things can affect your results, such as certain medicines and your age, sex, and diet. To learn what your results mean, talk with your provider.

Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results.

Is there anything else I need to know about an AST blood test?

Your health care provider may order an ALT blood test with your AST blood test. ALT stands for alanine transaminase, which is another type of liver enzyme. If you have high levels of AST and/or ALT, it may mean that you have some type of liver damage.

You may also have an AST test as part of a group of liver function tests that measure ALT, and other enzymes, proteins, and substances in the liver.

References

1. American Liver Foundation. [Internet]. New York: American Liver Foundation; c2017. Diagnosing Liver Disease – Liver Biopsy and Liver Function Tests; [updated 2020 Feb 17; cited 2022 Feb 14]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: https://liverfoundation. org/for-patients/about-the-liver/diagnosing-liver-disease/
2. Hinkle J, Cheever K. Brunner & Suddarth’s Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. 2nd Ed, Kindle. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2014. Aspartate Aminotransferase; p. 68–69.
3. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Blood Tests; [cited 2022 Feb 14]; [about 15 screens]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
4. Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA).: OneCare Media; c2022. Aspartate Aminotransferase: The Test; [modified 2021 Nov 9; cited 2022 Feb 14; [about 14 screens]. Available from: https://www.testing.com/test/aspartate-aminotransferase-ast/
5. University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; c2017. Health Encyclopedia: Aspartate Transaminase; [cited 2017 Mar 13]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://www. urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=aspartate_transaminase

Mildly Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels in the Asymptomatic Patient

PAUL T. GIBONEY, M.D.

Mild elevations in liver chemistry tests such as alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase can reveal serious underlying conditions or have transient and benign etiologies. Potential causes of liver transaminase elevations include viral hepatitis, alcohol use, medication use, steatosis or steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. The history should be thorough, with special attention given to the use of medications, vitamins, herbs, drugs, and alcohol; family history; and any history of blood-product transfusions. Other common health conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, and thyroid disease, can cause or augment liver transaminase elevations. The recent American Gastroenterological Association guideline regarding the evaluation and management of abnormal liver chemistry tests proposes a practical, algorithmic approach when the history and physical examination do not reveal the cause. In addition to liver chemistries, an initial serologic evaluation includes a prothrombin time; albumin; complete blood count with platelets; hepatitis A, B, and C serologies; and iron studies. Depending on the etiology, management strategies may include cessation of alcohol use, attention to medications, control of diabetes, and modification of lifestyle factors such as obesity. If elevations persist after an appropriate period of observation, further testing may include ultra-sonography and other serum studies. In some cases, biopsy may be indicated.

Hepatic transaminase tests such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) often are part of standard laboratory panels in asymptomatic outpatients, similar to screening tests for blood donors and for life insurance applicants. The evaluation of an abnormal ALT or AST level in an asymptomatic patient therefore is a common challenge encountered by primary care physicians.

According to the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), 1 to 4 percent of the asymptomatic population may have elevated serum liver chemistries.¹ This is consistent with the usual definition of an elevated transaminase level of the top 2.5 percent of the population range. Although one study² of 19,877 asymptomatic young Air Force trainees found that only 0.5 percent had elevated ALT levels, physicians who have more patients with obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia will have to address this issue more often.

Given the frequency of this problem, physicians should develop an informed approach to the investigation of transaminase elevations. An audit of primary care practices found that these abnormalities are not always investigated appropriately and that opportunities to intervene in treatable cases sometimes are missed. ³ No controlled clinical trials have compared approaches to the management of abnormal transaminase levels. However, the AGA recently published a technical review¹ and a position statement⁴ on the evaluation of liver chemistry tests. This article reviews the interpretation of ALT and AST levels and summarizes the AGA recommendations on addressing reported elevations.

Key clinical recommendation	Label	References
An algorithmic approach to evaluating mildly abnormal liver functions is recommended.	C	1
In the asymptomatic patient with negative serum testing and mild transaminase elevations, a period of lifestyle modification can be tried.	C	1
If abnormalities persist at the six-month follow-up visit, an ultrasonography of the liver is the recommended imaging modality.	C	1
ALT and AST are not useful screening tests in an otherwise healthy population.	C	1,10
The AST/ALT ratio is only somewhat helpful in diagnosis.	C	5,7

Markers of Hepatic Injury and Necrosis

ALT and AST are two of the most reliable markers of hepatocellular injury or necrosis. Their levels can be elevated in a variety of hepatic disorders. Of the two, ALT is thought to be more specific for hepatic injury because it is present mainly in the cytosol of the liver and in low concentrations elsewhere. AST has cytosolic and mitochondrial forms and is present in tissues of the liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, pancreas, and lungs, and in white and red blood cells. AST is less commonly referred to as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and ALT as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase.

Although levels of ALT and AST can be extremely elevated (exceeding 2,000 U per L in cases of hepatocyte injury and necrosis related to drugs, toxins, ischemia, and hepatitis), elevations less than five times the upper limit of normal (i.e., about 250 U per L and below) are much more common in primary care medicine. The range of possible etiologies at this level of transaminase elevation is broader (Table 1^5,6) and the tests less specific. It also is important to recall that patients with normal ALT and AST levels can have significant liver disease in the setting of chronic hepatocyte injury (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatitis C).

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The ratio of AST to ALT has some clinical utility, but has important limitations. In many forms of acute and chronic liver injury or steatosis (fatty infiltration of the liver), the ratio is less than or equal to 1. This is particularly true in patients with hepatitis C. However, an AST/ALT ratio greater than 2 characteristically is present in alcoholic hepatitis. A recent study⁷ of 140 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; confirmed by liver biopsy) or alcoholic liver disease found a mean AST/ALT ratio of 0.9 in patients with NASH and 2.6 in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Within the population studied, 87 percent of patients with an AST/ALT ratio of 1.3 or less had NASH (87 percent sensitivity, 84 percent specificity). The severity of NASH as measured by the degree of fibrosis increased, as did the AST/ALT ratio. A mean ratio of 1.4 was found in patients with cirrhosis related to NASH. Wilson’s disease, a rare problem, can cause the AST/ALT ratio to exceed 4.⁵ While these ratios are suggestive of certain conditions, there is too much overlap between groups to rely on them exclusively when making a diagnosis.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a less specific marker of hepatocellular necrosis and usually does not add diagnostic information to that obtained with ALT and AST testing. An exception to this is the transient but massive rise of LDH in cases of ischemic hepatitis and its sustained elevation that, along with elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, suggests malignant infiltration of the liver.⁵

Elevations of ALT and AST are not exclusive to liver pathology. Hyperthyroidism has been found in several studies to increase serum levels of liver enzymes including ALT and AST.⁸ Genetic influences on the level of ALT also are possible. A study⁹ of Danish twins showed that genetic factors accounted for 33 to 66 percent of the variation in ALT, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, LDH, and bilirubin in patients 73 to 94 years of age. The AGA technical review states that serum ALT has diurnal variation, may vary day to day, and may be affected by exercise. It also notes that serum AST may be 15 percent higher in black men than white men.¹

Another cause of elevated liver transaminase levels is muscle injury. Strenuous exercise or myopathy can cause elevations (especially of AST) without causing any other symptoms. A creatine kinase or other muscle marker can be obtained to confirm or exclude such a process.

Annual screening of healthy, asymptomatic patients for liver disease using ALT and AST levels is not useful. A Japanese study¹⁰ assessed the accuracy of ALT and AST for detecting hepatitis C, excess alcohol use, and fatty liver disease in male bank employees and found the positive predictive value of the test to be low. Only 3.9 percent of the men with an abnormal ALT level had hepatitis C; 8 percent were excessive users of alcohol; and 35.7 percent had fatty liver.

Management

A thorough medical history and physical examination are the cornerstone of the evaluation of patients with mildly elevated liver transaminase levels.¹ The history should attempt to identify risk factors for disease, with special attention directed toward family history, medications, vitamins, herbal supplements, drug use, alcohol use, abnormal liver testing, blood-product transfusions, and symptoms of liver disease. Table 2⁶ lists selected medications and herbal supplements that may cause elevated transaminase levels. Physicians should ask patients directly about their use of illicit drugs, herbal supplements, and other alternative “supplements” because these sometimes are omitted from the patient’s initial response to questions.

The presence of other significant health conditions that can cause or augment liver transaminase elevations also should be noted; examples are diabetes, heart disease (including congestive heart failure), thyroid disease, muscle disease, and cancer. Physical findings and sequelae of liver dysfunction are given in Table 3.

Once the history and physical examination are completed, additional testing can help discern the etiology of the transaminase elevation (Figure 1). ⁴

INITIAL LABORATORY EVALUATION

Additional laboratory tests should be obtained when the history and physical examination show no obvious etiology for ALT and AST elevations. Ferritin, total iron-binding capacity, and serum iron can be used to look for hemochromatosis, while hepatitis A, B, and C serologies are used to rule out acute or chronic hepatitis.

Despite the emergence of widespread vaccination, hepatitis B remains a common cause of chronic liver disease in adults. Testing for hepatitis C is essential because its incidence has increased in the past decade, and new treatment strategies have been developed that can address this frequently missed problem.¹¹

A prothrombin time (PT) and serum albumin should be ordered to identify patients with abnormalities of protein synthesis and liver function. Evaluation should be accelerated for patients with impaired hepatic synthetic function. A complete blood count with platelets also should be ordered. In addition to ruling out infection, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia can, along with an elevated PT, suggest advanced liver disease. An elevated mean red cell volume suggests heavy alcohol intake. Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are markers for hepatic cholestasis and should be ordered as part of the initial laboratory evaluation. While sometimes useful, they often are normal in the presence of hepatic injury.

LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION

If the patient is asymptomatic and the initial serum testing is negative, a period of lifestyle modification can be attempted. Effective lifestyle modification includes complete abstinence from alcohol, control of diabetes and hyperlipidemia, weight loss in overweight patients, and stopping or changing potentially hepatotoxic medications and supplements. Such lifestyle changes directly impact several of the causes of mild transaminase elevation (Table 1).^5,6 These seemingly small modifications may be all that is needed to correct the abnormalities.

FOLLOW-UP AND IMAGING STUDIES

A repeat set of liver chemistries should be obtained after six months. If the patient’s presentation changes or the physician has concern for an evolving process, shorter intervals can be used. If abnormalities persist at the six-month follow-up visit, ultra-sonography of the liver is recommended. Computed tomography of the abdomen also is used in this setting, although clinical trials have not demonstrated an advantage of this more expensive modality.

Steatohepatitis (or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) often is discovered by imaging. This condition may be the most frequent cause of mild liver chemistry elevations and is especially common in patients who are obese, and those who have diabetes or hyperlipidemia. One study¹² of patients referred to a hospital-based gastroenterology practice found that in 83 percent of patients with elevated transaminase levels whose serum evaluation was otherwise negative, liver biopsy revealed steatosis or steatohepatitis. In 10 percent of the patients, however, liver biopsy was normal—a reminder that, at times, mildly elevated transaminase levels do not represent any underlying pathology. Excellent reviews of the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have been published.^13,14

If the diagnosis is not apparent from the ultrasound examination, further testing is suggested for alpha₁-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha₁-antitrypsin levels), Wilson’s disease (serum ceruloplasmin), celiac disease (antigliadin and anti-endomysial antibody), and autoimmune hepatitis (antinuclear antibody, anti–smooth-muscle antibody), as well as for nonhepatic causes of transaminase elevation. According to the AGA, the decision to perform a liver biopsy needs to be made on an individual basis, taking into consideration the patient’s age, lifestyle, liver chemistry abnormalities, desire for prognostic information, and associated comorbid conditions.¹ Only with chronic mild transaminase elevations would an asymptomatic patient be considered a possible candidate for biopsy.

The norm of ALT and AST in the blood test in women: what you need to know

Contents

• 1 The norm of ALT and AST in the blood of women: what indicators are the norm and what do the deviations say?
  • 1.1 Blood test norm for women: ALT and AST
  • 1.2 What is a blood test?
  • 1.3 What do ALT and AST mean?
  • 1.4 Why is it important to know the norms of ALT and AST?
  • 1.5 How are ALT and AST analyzed?
  • 1.6 How do I prepare for an ALT and AST test?
  • 1.7 Norm of ALT and AST in women: age characteristics
  • 1.8 What diseases can affect the level of ALT and AST in the blood of women?
  • 1.9 What should I do if my ALT and AST levels are elevated?
  • 1.10 What factors can increase blood levels of ALT and AST?
  • 1.11 Can I decode the results of ALT and AST analysis myself?
  • 1.12 Q&A:
    • • 1. 12.0.1 What is ALT and AST in a blood test?
      • 1.12.0.2 What causes ALT and AST levels to rise?
      • 1.12.0.3 What are the norms for ALT and AST in women?
      • 1.12.0.4 Can elevated levels of ALT and AST in women be associated with medication?
      • 1.12.0.5 Can elevated levels of ALT and AST in women indicate cancer?
      • 1.12.0.6 What should be done if the level of ALT and AST in the blood of a woman is elevated?
  • 1.13 Related video:

Find out what the norm of alt and ast means in a blood test for women. Which values ​​are normal, and which may indicate diseases. The importance of timely and correct decoding of a blood test for maintaining health.

The results of a biochemical blood test are one of the key indicators of the health of the body. It is especially important to correctly interpret the level of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase), as they are a reflection of the work of the liver. Blood tests for AST and ALT are often prescribed in combination with other indicators to assess liver function, determine the nature of the disease and monitor the progress of treatment.

For women, normal levels of AST and ALT may differ slightly from those for men, in addition, during pregnancy and some other conditions, there may be significant changes in enzyme levels. Therefore, it is important to know the features of the interpretation of the results and the possible causes of deviations from the norm.

In this article we will tell you what are the norms of the levels of AST and ALT in the blood in women, what means their increase or decrease, as well as what factors can affect the result of the tests. If you find deviations from the norm, do not panic, perhaps this is a temporary phenomenon, but additional consultation with a doctor and diagnosis of the condition of the liver is necessary.

Blood test norm for women: ALT and AST

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) are enzymes that are found in the cells of the liver, heart, muscles and other tissues of the body. Their level in the blood can be increased in diseases of these organs, as well as in other pathologies.

ALT in women is between 7 and 31 units per liter of blood, depending on age and lifestyle. For example, in women over 60, this figure may be higher. Also, in women who play sports or take certain medications, ALT levels may be elevated.

The norm of AST in women is from 7 to 31 units per liter of blood. An increase in AST levels can be associated with diseases of the liver, cardiovascular system, as well as muscle injuries.

It is important to remember that ALT and AST levels may differ depending on the laboratory where the blood was tested. Therefore, the doctor should interpret the results, taking into account all the factors affecting the level of these enzymes.

What is a blood test?

A blood test is a laboratory study of a biological fluid that circulates through a person’s blood vessels. This analysis is one of the most common methods for diagnosing many diseases, as well as monitoring the state of the body, both in case of deterioration and improvement of its health.

A blood test goes through many stages, from taking blood to interpreting the results. When conducting an analysis, various factors should be taken into account, such as age, gender, physical condition, the presence of chronic diseases and the use of drugs.

Various blood tests, such as hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, ALT, AST and many others, may indicate various diseases or abnormalities in the body.

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What do ALT and AST mean?

ALT and AST are enzymes found in liver cells. ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) can be used as indicators of liver damage. These enzymes are released from liver cells into the bloodstream when an organ is damaged or diseased, and their levels can indicate how severe the damage is.

Normal levels of ALT and AST in a woman’s blood may vary depending on age, general health, and the laboratory that performs the test. Generally, ALT and AST levels are slightly higher in men than in women.

High levels of ALT and AST in a woman’s blood may indicate the presence of liver disease or other diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver tumors. However, elevated levels of ALT and AST may also be indicative of other non-liver related conditions, such as heart failure.

Why is it important to know the norms of ALT and AST?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are enzymes found in liver and heart cells. If their level in the blood is elevated, this may indicate damage to the cells of these organs.

Measurement of ALT and AST levels in the blood is an important blood test that provides information about the condition of the liver and heart in women. Elevated levels of ALT and AST may indicate various diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, heart failure, and others.

ALT and AST values ​​may be indicative and may vary depending on the woman’s age, sex and lifestyle. Therefore, it is important to know the norm of ALT and AST for women in order to make it easier to determine the presence of any diseases.

If ALT and AST are elevated, see a doctor who can diagnose and suggest treatment. Treatment may be aimed at eliminating the causes of increased enzyme levels, as well as restoring liver and heart function.

How are ALT and AST analyzed?

The ALT and AST test is a common blood test. Usually, blood is taken from a vein in the elbow for analysis. Before passing the analysis, you must follow the rules of preparation.

In particular, fatty and protein foods, as well as alcohol, must be avoided approximately 24 hours before the analysis. 2-3 hours before blood collection, you should completely exclude food and drinks.

After the blood has been collected, it is sent to a laboratory where it is analyzed for ALT and AST levels. The results of the analysis are usually ready in a few days.

When analyzing ALT and AST, be aware that the results may vary depending on age, sex, physical activity and the use of certain medications. Therefore, before the analysis, it is necessary to consult a doctor and follow the recommendations for preparation.

How to prepare for ALT and AST analysis?

The analysis of ALT and AST requires some preparation in order for the results to be accurate and reliable. Here are some tips to help you properly prepare for this analysis.

• Refusal of food 8-12 hours before the test. It is best to take the test in the morning on an empty stomach so as not to affect the results. This means that 8-12 hours before blood collection, you need to refuse food.
• Medication withdrawal. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking any medications. Some medicines may interfere with the results of the test. If your doctor thinks you need to stop taking your medication, it’s best to follow their advice.
• Refusal of alcohol one day before the analysis. Alcohol can interfere with test results, so alcohol should be avoided the day before the test.
• Maintaining rest and avoiding exercise. Physical activity can also affect the results of the test, so the day before the test, you should avoid physical activity and keep calm.
• Blood collection compliance. To obtain accurate and reliable results, you must follow the rules for collecting blood. The blood collection process itself should not take more than 5-7 minutes and take place in a sterile environment.

By following these guidelines, you can be confident that your ALT and AST results will be reliable and will help your doctor make the right diagnosis and treatment.

The norm of ALT and AST in women: age characteristics

ALT and AST are important indicators of the functional state of the liver, determined in the blood.

It is possible to establish the norm of ALT and AST in the blood of women only taking into account age characteristics.

So, for example, in women under the age of 50, the ALT norm is up to 31 units per liter of blood, and in women over 50 years old – up to 35 units.

The norm of AST for women under the age of 50 is up to 31 units per liter of blood, after 50 years – up to 35 units.

It should also be noted that during pregnancy, women may experience changes in ALT and AST levels, which usually return to normal after childbirth.

In any case, if you find abnormalities in ALT and AST, you should contact a specialist for further diagnosis and treatment.

What diseases can affect the blood levels of ALT and AST in women?

Blood levels of ALT and AST in women can increase as a result of various diseases. For example, hepatitis is one of the main causes of elevated levels of ALT and AST. This is due to the fact that these enzymes are found in high concentration in the liver, and in hepatitis, the liver tissue can be damaged, which leads to the release of large amounts of ALT and AST into the blood.

Other diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver and cancer can also affect ALT and AST levels. Elevated levels of these enzymes may be associated with muscle damage, so people with myopathy or other muscle conditions may also experience elevated blood levels of ALT and AST.

In addition, diseases that affect the biliary tract, such as gallstones and cholangitis, can also increase ALT and AST levels. The levels of these enzymes may also increase in women with cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction or arrhythmias.

1. Hepatitis;
2. Cirrhosis of the liver;
3. Oncological diseases;
4. Muscular diseases;
5. Gallstone disease;
6. Cholangitis;
7. Cardiovascular disease;

What if ALT and AST levels are high?

If ALT and AST levels are elevated in a woman’s blood test, a doctor should be consulted for diagnosis and possible causes. Perhaps an increase in the level of these indicators may indicate diseases of the liver or other organs.

Your doctor may order additional tests, such as an ultrasound of the liver, a CT scan, or a liver biopsy, for diagnosis. In addition, it is necessary to analyze urine and blood for the presence of infections, viruses and other pathological processes.

If the reason for the increase in ALT and AST levels is related to the disease, it is necessary to undergo treatment prescribed by a doctor. This may include medication, diet, and other measures, depending on the specific disease and its stage.

In addition, women who have high ALT and AST levels should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions and watch their diet. It is recommended to increase the amount of vegetables and fruits consumed, reduce the intake of fatty and fried foods, and also pay attention to the quantitative and qualitative composition of food.

• see a doctor for diagnosis;
• complete the required tests;
• get treated by a doctor;
• lead a healthy lifestyle and watch your diet.

What factors can increase blood levels of ALT and AST?

Preparations. In addition to drugs that fight liver disease, many drugs can increase blood levels of ALT and AST, such as antiviral drugs, anabolic steroids, anticancer drugs, and others.

Alcohol. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage and possible increase in blood levels of ALT and AST.

Wrong diet. Excessive consumption of fatty and fried foods can lead to impaired liver function and increased levels of ALT and AST in the blood.

Inflammatory diseases of the liver. Viral, alcoholic or autoimmune hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, fatty degeneration cause liver inflammation, which increases the level of ALT and AST in the blood.

Examples of drugs that can increase ALT and AST in the blood Drug Group

code the results of the analysis of ALT and AST?

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are enzymes that are found in liver cells without penetrating into the blood. They are released into the blood only under pathological conditions of the organ. Changes in the levels of these enzymes indicate damage to liver and/or heart cells.

ALT and AST analysis results may only be decoded by qualified medical personnel after examining the patient and performing other investigations.

Although regular analysis of ALT and AST levels helps to identify possible diseases in the very early stages, you should not try to diagnose yourself. The best solution is to consult with your doctor.

Q&A:

What is ALT and AST in a blood test?

ALT and AST are enzymes found in the cells of the liver, heart, muscles, and other organs. If their blood levels are elevated, this may indicate damage to the cells of these organs.

What causes an increase in ALT and AST levels?

Elevated levels of ALT and AST in the blood may be associated with diseases of the liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis), cardiovascular system (heart attack, cardiomyopathy), muscles (muscular dystrophy) and other organs. It can also be caused by taking certain medications, alcohol, or toxic substances.

What are the norms of ALT and AST in women?

Guideline values ​​for ALT and AST may vary slightly depending on the laboratory and age of the woman. Typically, the ALT level should not exceed 31 U/L, and the AST level should not exceed 30 U/L.

Can high levels of ALT and AST in women be related to medication?

Yes, some medicines can increase blood levels of ALT and AST, such as antibiotics, antiparkinsonian drugs, and some antiviral drugs. Therefore, if you are taking any medications, tell your doctor before taking a blood test.

Can elevated levels of ALT and AST in women indicate cancer?

No, elevated levels of ALT and AST are not specific to cancer and are not the main sign of cancer.

What should be done if the level of ALT and AST in the blood of a woman is elevated?

The first step is to see a doctor who will conduct additional tests and determine the cause of the increased values. Depending on the diagnosis, appropriate treatments and recommendations for lifestyle and diet changes will be prescribed.

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ALT and AST what is it?

ALT ( alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) – belong to aminotransferase enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism. They are also called liver enzymes. They are found mainly in the cells of the liver and in other organs: the pancreas, heart, kidneys, muscle tissue. A small amount of ALT and AST may appear in the blood due to physiological processes. However, in case of liver diseases (infectious or toxic hepatitis, tumor), damage to the liver cells occurs, the permeability of cell membranes is impaired and a large amount of ALT and AST enzymes are released into the blood – as a result, a cytolytic syndrome develops.

ALT and AST transaminases are specific markers of liver disease. Indications for their appointment may be the following:

• Presence of symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin and sclera, lethargy.
• laboratory diagnostics of liver diseases: viral hepatitis A, B, C, toxic hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (steatohepatitis), alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis of the liver.
• Monitoring the dynamics of therapy for liver diseases.

Norms for the content of liver enzymes in the blood:

Age	Men	Women	Units
0-1 years	13-45		U/ml
1-60 years old	10-40	7.0-35.0
60-90 years old	13.0-40.0	10.0-28.0
Over 90 years old	6. 0-38	5.0-24.0

Reasons for increasing ALT, AST (hepatic and extrahepatic)

The level of ALT in acute viral or drug-induced hepatitis can rise 50 times or more. With steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, the increase in ALT is moderate – no more than 5 times.