What are the most effective medicines for lowering a fever. How do different fever reducers compare in terms of efficacy and safety. What precautions should be taken when using fever-reducing medications.

Understanding Fever and Its Treatment Options

Fever is a common symptom of various illnesses, often leaving individuals seeking quick relief. When faced with elevated body temperature, many turn to over-the-counter (OTC) medications for respite. But with numerous options available, choosing the right fever reducer can be challenging. This comprehensive guide aims to demystify fever treatment, comparing the main types of OTC fever reducers: acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

What defines a fever?

A fever is generally considered to be a body temperature above 38째C (100.4째F). It’s important to note that normal body temperature can vary slightly from person to person and throughout the day. Fevers are often the body’s natural response to fighting infections or other medical conditions.

Acetaminophen: A Potent Fever Reducer

Acetaminophen, known by the brand name Tylenol in many countries, is a widely used antipyretic (fever-reducing) and analgesic (pain-relieving) medication. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it’s believed to work by altering the body’s pain perception and temperature regulation.

What forms does acetaminophen come in?

Acetaminophen is available in various forms to suit different needs and preferences:

• Tablets
• Extended-release tablets
• Chewable tablets
• Disintegrating tablets
• Capsules
• Liquid solution or suspension
• Syrup
• Rectal suppositories

Common brand names include Tylenol, Feverall, and Mapap. The variety of forms makes acetaminophen a versatile option for fever reduction across different age groups and situations.

What are the potential side effects of acetaminophen?

While acetaminophen is generally safe when used as directed, it can cause side effects in some individuals. These may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Trouble sleeping
• Allergic reactions
• Serious skin reactions, including severe rash (rare)

It’s crucial to be aware of these potential side effects and consult a healthcare professional if they occur or persist.

Important Warnings and Precautions for Acetaminophen Use

While acetaminophen is widely used and generally safe, there are important considerations to keep in mind to prevent adverse effects.

How can acetaminophen overdose be prevented?

Acetaminophen overdose is a serious concern due to its presence in many OTC medications. To prevent overdose:

• Do not exceed 4,000 mg of acetaminophen in a 24-hour period from all sources
• Avoid taking multiple products containing acetaminophen simultaneously
• Carefully read labels of all medications to identify acetaminophen content
• In case of suspected overdose, contact poison control or emergency services immediately

What is the link between acetaminophen and liver damage?

Excessive acetaminophen use can lead to liver damage, potentially resulting in liver failure, need for transplantation, or even death. To minimize this risk:

• Strictly adhere to recommended dosages
• Be cautious when taking multiple medications, checking for acetaminophen content
• Avoid alcohol consumption when taking acetaminophen

NSAIDs: Alternative Fever Reducers

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) offer another effective option for fever reduction. This class includes medications such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen.

How do NSAIDs work to reduce fever?

NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation, pain, and fever. This action not only helps lower body temperature but also provides additional anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects.

What are the common forms and brands of NSAIDs?

NSAIDs are available in various forms, including:

• Tablets
• Capsules
• Liquid suspensions
• Topical gels or creams (for localized pain relief)

Popular brands include Advil and Motrin (ibuprofen), Bayer (aspirin), and Aleve (naproxen).

Comparing Acetaminophen and NSAIDs for Fever Reduction

When choosing between acetaminophen and NSAIDs for fever reduction, several factors should be considered.

Which is more effective for fever reduction?

Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs are generally effective in reducing fever. Some studies suggest that ibuprofen may be slightly more effective than acetaminophen, particularly in children. However, the difference is often minimal, and individual responses may vary.

What are the key differences in side effects?

While both types of medications can cause side effects, there are some differences:

• Acetaminophen is generally well-tolerated but carries a risk of liver damage with excessive use
• NSAIDs may cause gastrointestinal issues, such as stomach upset or ulcers, especially with prolonged use
• NSAIDs may increase the risk of cardiovascular events in some individuals

It’s important to consider these potential side effects when choosing a fever reducer, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions.

Special Considerations for Fever Treatment in Children

Treating fever in children requires extra care and attention to ensure safety and effectiveness.

What are the recommended dosages for children?

Dosages for children should be based on weight rather than age. Always follow the dosing instructions provided with the medication or consult a healthcare professional. Some general guidelines include:

• Acetaminophen: 10-15 mg per kg of body weight every 4-6 hours
• Ibuprofen: 5-10 mg per kg of body weight every 6-8 hours

It’s crucial to use the appropriate formulation for the child’s age and to measure doses accurately using the provided dosing device.

Are there any fever reducers to avoid in children?

Certain fever reducers should be avoided or used with caution in children:

• Aspirin: Generally not recommended for children due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome
• Adult formulations: Always use children’s formulations to ensure appropriate dosing

Always consult a pediatrician before administering any new medication to a child, especially infants and young children.

Non-Medicinal Approaches to Fever Reduction

While medications can be effective in reducing fever, there are also non-medicinal approaches that can help manage elevated body temperature.

What are some natural ways to reduce fever?

Several home remedies and lifestyle adjustments can help alleviate fever symptoms:

• Rest: Allowing the body to recuperate is crucial for recovery
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent dehydration associated with fever
• Cool compresses: Applying a cool, damp cloth to the forehead can provide comfort
• Lukewarm baths: A tepid bath can help lower body temperature gradually
• Light clothing: Wearing lightweight, breathable clothing can aid in temperature regulation
• Room temperature: Maintaining a comfortable, cool environment can help manage fever

These methods can be used alongside medication or as initial steps in fever management.

When to Seek Medical Attention for a Fever

While many fevers can be managed at home, certain situations warrant professional medical attention.

What are the signs that a fever requires medical evaluation?

Consult a healthcare provider if any of the following occur:

• Fever above 39.4째C (103째F) that doesn’t respond to treatment
• Fever lasting more than three days
• Severe headache or neck stiffness
• Confusion or altered mental state
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe abdominal pain
• Seizures
• Signs of dehydration

For infants and young children, lower temperature thresholds and additional symptoms may necessitate medical evaluation. When in doubt, it’s always best to consult a healthcare professional.

Understanding the various options for fever reduction and their appropriate use can help individuals make informed decisions about managing fever symptoms. Whether opting for acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or non-medicinal approaches, it’s crucial to consider individual health factors, potential side effects, and proper dosing. By combining this knowledge with attentive care and seeking medical advice when necessary, fever can be effectively managed while prioritizing overall health and well-being.

Best Fever Reducers: Options and Helpful Information

Best Fever Reducers: Options and Helpful Information

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Medically reviewed by Mohamed Jalloh — By University of Illinois — Updated on March 8, 2019

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Introduction

When you or your child has a fever, you want something that works quickly and works well. But with so many over-the-counter (OTC) medications available, it can be tough to know which one is best for you.

You can choose between two main types of OTC fever reducers: acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs include ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen. In general, no particular one of these fever-reducing drugs is better than the others. Instead, you should compare the drug forms, side effects, and other factors to choose a fever reducer that will work well for you or your child. Here’s what you need to know to make an informed decision.

Acetaminophen is a fever reducer and a pain reliever. It’s not fully understood how this drug works. Acetaminophen doesn’t decrease swelling or inflammation. Instead, it likely changes the way your body senses pain. It also helps cool your body to bring your fever down.

Forms and brand-name versions

Acetaminophen comes in several forms. These include:

• tablets
• extended-release tablets
• chewable tablets
• disintegrating tablets
• capsules
• liquid solution or suspension
• syrup

You take any of these forms by mouth. Acetaminophen is also available as a rectal suppository.

Common brand-name drugs that contain acetaminophen include Tylenol, Feverall, and Mapap.

Find acetaminophen online.

Side effects

When taken as directed, acetaminophen is generally safe and well-tolerated. However, in some cases, it can cause side effects such as:

• nausea
• vomiting
• trouble sleeping
• allergic reaction
• serious skin reactions, including severe rash

Warnings

Overdose

Because acetaminophen is found in many over-the-counter medications, it’s easy to take too much of it. That makes overdose a concern. You should not take more than 4,000 mg of acetaminophen in a 24-hour period.

This limit includes acetaminophen from all sources, including over-the-counter and prescription forms. Other common OTC drugs that contain acetaminophen include Alka-Seltzer Plus, Dayquil, Nyquil, Excedrin, Robitussin, and Sudafed. To be safe, avoid taking more than one product that contains acetaminophen at a time.

In case of overdose, call your local poison control center or 911 right away.

Liver damage

If you take too much acetaminophen, it can also cause liver damage. In severe cases, this can lead to liver failure, the need for a liver transplant, or death. Again, only take one medication that contains acetaminophen at a time, and always carefully follow the dosage instructions on the medication package.

Alcohol

Taking acetaminophen and drinking alcohol can also cause liver damage. In general, you should not take acetaminophen if you have three or more drinks that contain alcohol every day.

Extended fever or drug reaction

Stop taking acetaminophen if your fever gets worse or lasts more than three days. Also stop using it if you develop new symptoms such as skin redness or swelling. In these cases, call your doctor right away. They could be a signs of a more serious condition.

Drug interactions

Acetaminophen can interact with other drugs. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well. Examples of drugs that can cause dangerous interactions when used with acetaminophen include:

• warfarin, a blood thinner
• isoniazid, a tuberculosis drug
• certain seizure medications such as carbamazepine and phenytoin

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include drugs such as:

• ibuprofen
• aspirin
• naproxen

NSAIDs help decrease inflammation, pain, and fever. They do this by blocking the body’s production of a substance called prostaglandin. This substance promotes inflammation and fever by causing the release of various chemical signals in your body.

Forms and brand-name versions

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen comes in several forms. These include:

• tablets
• chewable tablets
• capsules
• liquid suspension

You take ibuprofen by mouth. Common brand-name products that contain ibuprofen include Advil and Motrin.

Shop for ibuprofen on Amazon.

Aspirin

Aspirin comes in these forms:

• tablets
• delayed-release tablets
• chewable tablets
• gum

You take any of these forms by mouth. Aspirin also comes as a rectal suppository. Common brand-name products that contain aspirin include Bayer Aspirin and Ecotrin.

Purchase aspirin here.

Naproxen

Naproxen comes in these forms:

• tablets
• delayed-release tablets
• capsules
• liquid suspension

You take naproxen by mouth. A common brand-name product that contains naproxen is Aleve.

Find naproxen online.

Side effects

The most common side effect of NSAIDs is an upset stomach. To help prevent stomach upset, take ibuprofen or naproxen with food or milk. You can take aspirin with food or a full glass of water.

NSAIDs can also have more serious side effects. The more serious side effects of ibuprofen or naproxen can include:

• stomach problems such as bleeding and ulcers
• heart problems such as heart attack and stroke
• kidney problems

The more serious side effects of aspirin can include:

• stomach problems such as bleeding and ulcers
• allergic reactions, with symptoms such as:
  • breathing trouble
  • wheezing
  • swelling of face
  • hives
  • shock

Warnings

Talk with your doctor before taking an NSAID if any of these warnings pertain to you.

History of heart disease

If you have a history of heart disease, you have increased risk of heart attack or stroke when taking ibuprofen or naproxen. The risk is still higher if you take more of these medications than directed or if you take them for a long time.

History of stomach ulcers or bleeding problems

If this applies to you, you have an increased risk of ulcers or bleeding when taking ibuprofen or naproxen. The risk is still higher if you:

• take these medications for a long time
• take other medications that contain NSAIDs
• take any blood thinner drugs or steroids
• are 60 years or older

Extended fever or drug reaction

There are several instances that indicate you should not continue to treat your fever with an NSAID. Stop taking NSAIDs if:

• your fever gets worse or lasts more than three days
• you develop any new symptoms
• you have skin redness or swelling
• you have ringing in your ears or hearing loss
• you have signs of a stomach bleed

Signs of stomach bleeding include:

• faintness
• blood in your vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
• bloody or black stools
• stomach pain that does not improve

Stop taking the drug and call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms. These effects could be signs of a more serious condition.

Alcohol

If you have three or more drinks that contain alcohol per day, you’re at higher risk of ulcers or bleeding when taking ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen. Taking NSAIDs and drinking alcohol can cause severe stomach problems.

Problems in children

Avoid using aspirin in children and adolescents who are younger than 12 years and are recovering from chickenpox or flu symptoms.

Call your child’s doctor right away if your child has nausea and vomiting along with certain behavior changes. These include aggressive behavior, confusion, or loss of energy. These behavior changes may be early signs of a rare condition called Reye’s syndrome. If left untreated, Reye’s syndrome can be life-threatening.

Learn more about why aspirin and children don’t mix: Reye’s syndrome »

Drug interactions

NSAIDs can interact with other medications you may be taking. For example, NSAIDs can interact with:

• warfarin, a blood thinner
• celecoxib, another NSAID
• cyclosporine, a drug that weakens your immune system
• diuretics and other medications to treat high blood pressure

Fever reducers can affect people of different ages differently. Follow these age guidelines to help determine which fever reducer is best for you or your child.

Adults (ages 18 years and older)

Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin are generally safe for reducing fever in adults.

Children (ages 4-17 years)

Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are generally safe for reducing fever in children who are 4-17 years old.

Do not give aspirin to children unless your doctor says it’s okay.

Naproxen is safe in children ages 12 years and older. If your child is younger than 12 years of age, talk to your doctor before giving your child naproxen.

Children (ages 3 years and younger)

Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are generally safe for reducing fever in young children. However, be sure to talk to your child’s doctor first if your child is younger than 2 years.

Do not give aspirin to young children unless your doctor says it’s okay.

For infants younger than 3 months, call your doctor first before giving any medication.

When choosing a fever reducer, you have a few options. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin can each help treat a fever. They each come with their own unique considerations, including what drugs they interact with, who they’re safe to treat, and their possible side effects. While there is no one best fever reducer, there may be a fever reducer that is the best option for you. Consider the information in this article carefully to make a healthy choice.

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Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

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Last medically reviewed on July 29, 2016

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Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Acetaminophen – acetaminophen tablet, coated. (2012, December)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=e4cfbe12-d712-4ca6-8400-14eec2eca019
• Advil – ibuprofen sodium tablet, coated. (2015, September)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=5be198b8-396e-4b44-8819-e2e3b5d2ad0e
• Advil – ibuprofen capsule, liquid filled. (2016, June)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f01c10a-9434-91a4-2ee4-352315a6b610
• Aspirin 325 MG – aspirin tablet. (2016, February)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=28c48336-c238-0141-e054-00144ff8d46c
• Motrin IB – ibuprofen tablet, film coated. (2015, September)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=5bca517f-94a5-428c-b716-80c6b0b86980
• U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2014, August). Acetaminophen
  nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html
• U. S. National Library of Medicine. (2016, June). Aspirin
  nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682878.html
• U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2015, September). Ibuprofen
  nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682159.html

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Mar 8, 2019

Written By

University of Illinois-Chicago

Edited By

Juan Armstrong

Jul 29, 2016

Medically Reviewed By

Mohamed Jalloh

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Medically reviewed by Mohamed Jalloh — By University of Illinois — Updated on March 8, 2019

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Medication for fever: Options to consider

Two over-the-counter (OTC) options can help reduce a fever. They are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil), and acetaminophen (Tylenol).

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a fever as any temperature at 100.4ºF (38ºC) or above.

A fever is the immune system’s response to illness. It is an attempt to kill viruses and bacteria by raising the body’s temperature a few degrees.

While it is a natural process, it can be uncomfortable and become dangerous if a person’s temperature becomes too high.

Medications for fever do not treat the underlying condition causing the fever, but they can help reduce it and other symptoms of the illness.

People who are pregnant should consult a doctor before taking OTC medication for a fever. Parents and caregivers should also consult a doctor before administering any medications to a child.

This article outlines the medications available to treat a fever at home. It also discusses when to seek medical attention.

The following table provides a general overview of the medications a person can take to treat a fever. People should always check the medication label.

Ibuprofen is a type of NSAID sold under several brand names, including Advil and Motrin. It is a form of propionic acid and can help reduce fever as well as other symptoms, such as pain.

Depending on the dose, a person can get ibuprofen OTC at stores and pharmacies or via prescription. It comes in various forms, including tablets or capsules.

A 2022 article notes that people in their third trimester of pregnancy should not take ibuprofen.

Children can take ibuprofen, but parents and caregivers should speak with a pediatrician before giving them the medication.

Side effects

Side effects can include:

• constipation
• gas
• bloating
• diarrhea
• dizziness
• feeling nervous
• ringing in the ears

It can also cause nausea and vomiting.

Learn more about ibuprofen.

Naproxen is another type of NSAID, commonly sold under the brand name Aleve. Similar to ibuprofen, it is a form of propionic acid and can treat additional symptoms other than a fever.

A person can take naproxen sodium as a tablet or capsule. Liquid forms are available for younger children, although a parent or caregiver should talk with the child’s doctor first.

People who are in their third trimester of pregnancy should not take naproxen.

Side effects

Side effects can include:

• gas
• constipation
• dizziness
• headache
• excessive thirst
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• lightheadedness
• symptoms of a cold
• ringing in the ears
• sleeping difficulties
• hearing problems
• a burning or tingling sensation in the legs and arms

Learn more about naproxen.

Aspirin is another common form of NSAID that consists of acetylated salicylates. A common brand name is Bayer. This medication comes in several different formulas, including regular strength, and different forms such as tablets.

Caregivers should not give aspirin to children or teens without first consulting a doctor. A 2022 article notes an association between taking aspirin and the development of Reye’s syndrome, which can be fatal.

People who are pregnant should speak with a doctor before taking aspirin.

Side effects

Side effects include:

• nausea
• heartburn
• vomiting
• stomach pain

Learn more about aspirin.

Acetaminophen, commonly sold under the brand name Tylenol, is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent to treat pain and fever. Companies often add acetaminophen to other medications that treat allergies, colds, flu, and other medical conditions.

Acetaminophen is available OTC or as a prescription.

For teenagers and adults, it commonly comes in the form of tablets and capsules. Younger children may be able to take it in a liquid form, but caregivers should speak with a paediatrician first.

Side effects

The United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) states that side effects are rare in adults and children if a person takes the correct dose.

However, in rare cases, a person can experience an allergic reaction.

In some cases, NSAIDs can lead to serious adverse effects, including problems affecting the liver, heart, and blood circulation.

Compared to prescription-strength medications, OTC NSAIDs typically cause fewer side effects.

Acetaminophen can lead to liver failure or other issues with the liver.

People can also experience an allergic reaction to fever-reducing medications. People should seek medical help if they experience:

• rash
• inflamed, peeling, or blistering skin
• itching
• hives
• hoarse voice
• difficulty swallowing
• difficulty breathing
• swelling of the face, tongue, throat, lips, hands, feet, eyes, lower legs, or ankles

A person should take fever-reducing medications only as a medical professional advises.

There are several formulas of NSAIDs and acetaminophen with differing doses. A person should follow the instructions on the packaging and pay attention to the maximum number of doses allowed in 24 hours.

When treating an underlying condition, a person should follow the doctor’s recommendations regarding how much to take and when to take it.

A person should also be mindful of other medications that may contain acetaminophen. Companies often mix it with other ingredients to create OTC medications for colds, flu, and other issues.

Can a person take acetaminophen and NSAIDs at the same time?

A person can take acetaminophen and ibuprofen at the same time.

Learn more about acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

A person may find that certain home remedies may help reduce their fever. Other options include:

• resting
• taking lukewarm baths
• drinking plenty of fluids
• wearing loose clothing

A fever breaks when a person’s temperature drops below 100.4ºF (38°C), but they may still feel ill due to the underlying condition. Dropping the fever can help alleviate some symptoms and help people feel better overall.

Learn more

Find out more about treating a fever:

• How to reduce a fever
• Treatment tips for breaking a fever
• What are the best home remedies for fever?
• How to bring down a fever in babies

A person should seek medical help if they are unable to lower the fever on their own or if they suspect a more serious underlying condition. They should also contact a doctor if:

• a person experiences worsening symptoms
• they have a weakened immune system
• they reach a fever of 104°F (40ºC) or higher
• they are concerned about a fever in a child or older adult

A person can take NSAIDs and acetaminophen to help treat a fever at home. These medications can also help to treat additional symptoms, such as pain.

A person should consult a doctor if their fever lasts longer than a few days, causes additional symptoms, or does not go down with medication.

How to reduce the temperature at home: antipyretic drugs

We talk about the main groups of antipyretic drugs: what are the pitfalls, what should not be used with certain drugs, why they are needed at all and whether it is possible to do without them.

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High fever is a frequent companion of diseases. When and how should it be brought down, and is it possible to do without drugs?

Contents of the article

Do not self-medicate! In our articles, we collect the latest scientific data and the opinions of authoritative health experts. But remember: only a doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

An increase in temperature is a protective reaction of the body to serious external or internal stimuli, such as infections, poisoning with any toxins, inflammatory processes, and others. Normally, the temperature of the human body does not exceed 37.1 degrees Celsius, but during the period of illness it rises, and depending on how much, different types of temperature are distinguished:

• subfebrile – up to 37.9 degrees Celsius, does not require the use of antipyretics, usually accompanies sluggish inflammatory processes;
• febrile – from 38 to 38.9 degrees Celsius, the body actively fights irritants, many microorganisms cannot withstand such a temperature, so it should be brought down only if the patient clearly feels unwell;
• pyretic – from 39 to 41 degrees Celsius, the protective reaction is out of control, doctors recommend lowering this temperature so as not to overload the body systems;
• hyperpyretic – over 41 degrees, in this case the patient needs medical help, it is unlikely that he will be able to get off with conventional means. If the child has a temperature, an ambulance should be called already at 40 degrees.

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In general, raising the temperature is rather beneficial: firstly, as we have already said, many microbes do not like it, and secondly, it has been proven that in this way the body helps the immune system work – it hunts for irritants more efficiently. But, like everywhere else, there are nuances: in this mode, the load on the heart and nervous system may increase, and children may experience convulsions. The temperature still needs to be brought down, and not only when it is too high (38.5 degrees and above), but also earlier – if there is a possibility of convulsions or if the patient’s condition requires it. There are two main ways to reduce the temperature: take an antipyretic or use folk methods (however, the methods can be combined).

Best antipyretics for high fever

Almost all fever reducers are non-steroidal (meaning they are not hormonal) anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In addition to fighting fever, they also reduce inflammation and reduce pain. Such a complex action allows the patient to feel better faster, because pains of various types are frequent companions of temperature. The only active substance commonly used in medicines with a different mechanism of action is paracetamol.

However, all antipyretics act in the same way: they affect the processes taking place in the hypothalamus, as a result of which less heat begins to form in the body, and more is released, due to which it, of course, cools down, and usually quite quickly – already after half an hour after taking a tablet, syrup or suppository, the temperature drops. Antipyretics are symptomatic treatment, they are not taken in courses, unlike other drugs, such as antibiotics. The purpose of fever-lowering drugs is to give temporary relief to a sick patient. At the same time, each of them has certain side effects, so when taking them, you need to weigh the pros and cons. Let’s talk about the main means used in Russia: about their action and some features. We note in advance that it is impossible to list all contraindications, side effects, interactions within the framework of this article, before using this or that drug, you need to read the instructions, and even better, consult a doctor who can weigh the risks for you personally. In addition, a particular person may have hypersensitivity to absolutely any drug or even be allergic to it, so even “banal” antipyretics should be used with caution at least the first time.

Paracetamol

There are many drugs with this active ingredient: panadol, calpol, tylenol, cefecon P, efferalgan – the list can be continued for a very long time. Paracetamol interacts with the hypothalamus, affecting the thermoregulatory center. This is one of the safest remedies, it can be used by both children and pregnant women, it helps to lower the temperature, thanks to it the pain subsides, but it does not fight inflammation very effectively. However, paracetamol is extremely common. The key recommendation of doctors when taking it is to follow the instructions in order to prevent an overdose.

Interaction: enhances the effect of coumarins, as well as drugs that harm the liver. Works worse with barbiturates. Some drugs may speed up or slow down absorption.

Contraindications: liver and kidney diseases, alcohol dependence.

Side effects: disruption of the circulatory system, kidneys, allergies.

Ibuprofen

Another drug that seems to be in all first aid kits. Demand for it is always stable (except perhaps during the coronavirus pandemic, for some time it was believed that ibuprofen should not be used for Covid-19 infection). Preparations with its content (a few examples) – nurofen, MIG, ibusan, bumidol. Ibuprofen, unlike paracetamol, also has an anti-inflammatory function – it weakens inflammatory processes, in addition, of course, it reduces the activity of thermoregulatory centers and drowns out pain. It works for a long time – up to 8 hours.

Interaction: reduces the effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), enhances the action of an anticoagulant, should not be taken together with thrombolytics, barbiturates and ethanol, works worse with antacids, anesthetizes better in combination with caffeine.

Contraindications: Do not use in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or while breastfeeding, gastrointestinal ulcers during exacerbation, asthma, kidney or liver dysfunction, certain diseases of the cardiovascular, circulatory system, skin.

Side effects: dysfunctions of ECT, liver, kidneys, allergies, reactions from the nervous system, circulatory system.

Acetylsalicylic acid

It is also the good old aspirin, as well as bufferin, mikristin, acylpyrine and others. Acetylsalicylic acid is useful not only for high temperature, inflammation and pain, but also for cardiovascular diseases. Like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it affects the centers of thermoregulation and pain sensitivity, reduces inflammation. This active substance primarily works as an antipyretic for adults.

Interaction: should not be used together with paracetamol, caffeine, ethanol, glucocorticoids, diuretics, diabetes drugs, works worse with antacids.

Contraindications: certain diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal ulcers, acute liver or kidney failure. Do not take children, adolescents under 15 years of age, pregnant women with rare exceptions and breastfeeding.

Side effects: allergic reactions, disorders of the liver, gastrointestinal tract or kidneys, blood disorders.

Metamizole sodium

This name is not well known, but everyone knows the drug behind it – analgin (as well as baralgin M or optalgin). Basically, all these drugs are used as painkillers and sometimes anti-inflammatory, however, they also have antipyretic properties due to increased heat transfer. In many countries, the use of metamizole sodium has been questioned due to toxicity, but there is evidence that this toxicity occurs in people with a certain genetic defect.

Interaction: becomes stronger in combination with caffeine, codeine, barbiturates, toxic with antidepressants, oral contraceptives, should not be used with radiopaque agents. When injected, it must not be mixed with other drugs.

Contraindications: pregnancy, breast-feeding, impaired hematopoiesis, impaired liver and kidney function.

Side effects: allergy, hypotension, nephritis, blood diseases.

There are also a variety of medicines that combine several active ingredients at once. In this case, relief may come earlier, but, firstly, the side effects may be cumulative, and secondly, if the temperature needs to be brought down repeatedly, it may turn out that you have to choose between exceeding the daily dose (that is, the probable overdose) and the actual high temperature.

Paracetamol and ibuprofen-based single drugs are considered the most reliable and safe antipyretic drugs. If the regimen is followed, they have a minimum number of side effects, they can be used in the treatment of children, including infants, and these drugs have a lot of forms – syrups, suppositories, and tablets, so it is easy to choose a convenient method of use. Antipyretics are the easiest way to quickly reduce the temperature in an adult or child.

How to reduce the temperature at home without medication

If you suddenly find yourself somewhere where there is no pharmacy and you don’t have a supply of medicines with you, or you don’t want to use antipyretics for whatever reason, there are some folk methods of lowering the temperature. Perhaps they do this task more slowly than drugs specially designed for this purpose, but still they work.

• Rubbing with alcohol or vodka. Alcohol is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:1, vodka is used as is: moisten a cotton pad or a small towel with liquid and wipe the forehead, armpits, back of the hands. This should increase heat transfer (although some doctors doubt the effectiveness of the method). Not allowed for children.
• Rubbing with vinegar. Vinegar 9% is taken, diluted in proportion to a tablespoon per half liter of water. The solution can wipe the patient as a whole (for children – only the legs), for adults – make a compress on the head.
• Wiping with water.
• Tea with raspberries, cranberries, currants or juice from these berries also have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. If we talk about decoctions – calendula, lime blossom, birch buds, oregano.
• Cool or cold plentiful drink.
• Cold water compresses.

Here are some more video tips:

If the temperature does not decrease with either folk remedies or antipyretic drugs, you should consult a doctor, this is especially important if the patient is a child, as children tolerate high temperatures worse. However, it is not useful for an adult to lie down for several days with a temperature of over 40 degrees, so medical assistance should not be neglected.

The best antipyretic for children – articles from the company Elamed

What is the article about:

In our article you will find answers to the following questions:

• at what temperature should an antipyretic be given to a child;
• what kind of antipyretic to give the child;
• what to do if a child has a fever after an antipyretic;
• which antipyretics are suitable for children under one year old.

Reading time: 8 minutes

What is an antipyretic and how does it work?

Before talking about antipyretic for children, let’s define the terms.

Antipyretics are medicines that can reduce fever.

The essence of elevated temperature is that the body produces more heat than it can give to the environment and because of this it overheats. You can remove heat by lowering heat production and increasing heat transfer. Antipyretics work in two of these ways.

They:

1. Influence the thermoregulation centers in the brain (decrease in heat production).
2. Stimulates perspiration.
3. Improve blood flow.
4. Improve blood circulation in the skin.
5. Eliminate vasospasm and thus improve heat transfer to the outside.

Important! It is not enough to simply give antipyretics to children with a high fever. For the medicine to work properly, the child needs to drink plenty of fluids, otherwise the drug will not be able to improve blood circulation and increase sweating.

At what temperature should a child be given antipyretics?

From the point of view of the World Health Organization, it is possible to give an antipyretic to a child in the following cases:

• up to and including 3 months of age – at a temperature of 38°C;
• at the age of 4 months – at a temperature of 39°C;
• children at risk – at a temperature of 37. 5 ° C.

Risk group:

• children who already had febrile, i.e. caused by fever, convulsions;
• children with congenital heart disease;
• children with diseases of the central nervous system.

Important! If a child has a temperature, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician, even if it is relatively low and it is too early to give an antipyretic.

What antipyretics can children take?

Currently, doctors around the world agree that the only suitable antipyretic drugs for children are paracetamol and ibuprofen. They are both effective and safe, sold without a prescription and in a variety of dosage forms: tablets, syrups, rectal suppositories.

But analgin or aspirin should not be taken before the age of 15: salicylic acid derivatives can cause a serious illness in a small child – Reye’s syndrome. Also, you can not give the child nimesulide. It is a very effective antipyretic, but it can cause liver damage in children. However, sometimes pediatricians still risk prescribing it, but without the recommendation of a doctor, parents should not resort to using this drug.

Let’s take a closer look at the permitted medicines.

Paracetamol

Paracetamol has antipyretic and analgesic effects. This is a safe drug. Even if you accidentally exceed the dose several times, there are usually no undesirable consequences, although such experiments should not be specially set up.

Side effects when taking paracetamol are rare. However, the longer the child drinks this medicine, the higher their likelihood.

Therefore, children under 6 years of age should not take paracetamol for more than 3 days, and children 6 years of age and older should not take it longer than 5 .

How much antipyretic to give to a child depends on the child’s weight. The best option for a single dose is 10-15 mcg / kg. Those. if the child weighs 10 kg, he can be given 100-150 mg of paracetamol at a time. You can repeat the reception no sooner than after 4 hours . In total, paracetamol can be taken no more than 5 times a day , and the daily dose of the drug cannot be more than 60 mg / kg.

Not every parent will be able to correctly calculate the dose of the drug, but this is not important. Children’s paracetamol is usually supplied with detailed instructions, which describe the dose in tablets / spoons of syrup / suppositories for a single dose of a child of a certain age.

What to choose: tablets, syrup or suppositories?

What to choose: tablets, syrup or suppositories?
The choice of the form of the drug depends on the required speed of effect, the presence of allergies and the age of the small patient.

When you urgently need to bring down the heat, it is better to use liquid dosage forms – syrups, drops. They need to be heated to body temperature: this way you can help the drug to absorb faster.

When the temperature rises moderately, but you need to ensure a good night’s sleep for yourself and your child, use antipyretic suppositories for children. They are also recommended for infants up to 6 months old, children experiencing nausea, and babies with a tendency to allergic reactions.

Allergy to paracetamol itself is rare, but to dyes, sweeteners and flavorings that are added to children’s syrups are a common story.

A 4-5 year old child can usually swallow tablets. If he does not feel sick, then it is best to give him paracetamol in the age dosage in the form of tablets. This form of the drug is quickly and well absorbed, practically does not give allergic reactions and is inexpensive.

Paracetamol removes fever well in ARVI, but is ineffective in diseases caused by bacteria, because this drug does not fight inflammation. Therefore, if you gave the baby paracetamol, but soon after the antipyretic the child again begins to feel a fever, more serious illnesses can be assumed than SARS.

Ibuprofen

The second antipyretic for children, ibuprofen, relieves pain, fever and inflammation.

It is not inferior to paracetamol either in efficiency or safety.

However, ibuprofen is contraindicated in babies under the age of six months , therefore it is not available in the form of suppositories.

Ibuprofen is not limited in time: if needed, it can be taken for longer than a week.

The optimal single dose of ibuprofen is 5–10 mgc/kg. You can take the medicine a second time after 6 hours, only 4 times a day. In this case, the daily dose of ibuprofen cannot be higher than 20 mg / kg.

Everything written earlier about the tactics of choosing dosage forms of paracetamol, about the instructions for this drug, about the risk of allergies associated with the components of sweet syrups, fully applies to ibuprofen.

A few general remarks

Neither paracetamol nor ibuprofen can cure any disease. These are symptomatic remedies, their purpose is to fight high fever.

Antipyretic is not taken on any schedule, such as “twice a day before meals, a teaspoon”. Antipyretics are given only at high temperatures. When it is not there, it is not worth giving medicines “just for every fireman”. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor temperature fluctuations in a patient using regular measurements with a thermometer or daily monitoring with a special thermograph.

Ibuprofen and paracetamol can be combined, i.e. if one drug did not bring down the temperature, another one can be given after an hour and a half. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain the recommended time intervals between taking the same drugs: this is 4 hours for paracetamol and 6 hours for ibuprofen. Giving both medicines at the same time does not make sense.

It is advisable to have both ibuprofen and paracetamol in your first aid kit. If there is a child under 3 years old in the house, then the last drug should be bought in the form of syrup and rectal suppositories.

Most important: self-administration of an antipyretic simply allows you to calmly wait for the pediatrician, but does not cure anything.

Things to remember:

1. Antipyretics are needed for children with a temperature of 38°C and above.
2. The only suitable antipyretics for children are ibuprofen and paracetamol.
3. Paracetamol fights fever and pain. A child under 6 years of age can take it for 3 days in a row, and from 6 years and older – 5 days.
4. A single dose of paracetamol is given at the rate of 10-15 mcg/kg (with a weight of 10 kg, a child is given 100-150 mg of paracetamol). Re-admission is possible no sooner than after 4 hours . The total intake of paracetamol should be no more than 5 per day, and the daily dose of the drug cannot be higher than 60 mg / kg.
5. Up to six months it is better to use rectal suppositories, after – suppositories or syrups, from 4 years old, when the child usually already knows how to swallow pills, you can offer him medicine in this form. If the child is sick, suppositories remain the only available form.