8 causes and when to see a doctor

Testicular pain can have several causes, including a traumatic injury, kidney stones, a hernia, an infection, and various other health conditions. Some are minor but others need urgent medical attention.

Testicular pain may be due to an injury or condition that has started in the testicles or groin, but in many cases, it has causes elsewhere in the body. A person may also experience testicular pain due to reasons such as hernias, pinched nerves, or gastrointestinal issues.

Keep reading to learn about the possible causes of testicular pain and when to see a doctor.

Epididymitis is an infection of the epididymis, which is the organ where sperm matures before exiting the body.

Symptoms of epididymitis can include:

• pain that gradually increases
• a scrotum that feels hot to the touch
• swelling

Sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can cause epididymitis. Urinary tract infections can also lead to epididymitis.

Doctors usually treat the condition with antibiotics.

Hernias occur when tissue pushes through a weak part of the abdominal muscles. An inguinal hernia is one type of hernia that can push into the scrotum, causing testicular pain and swelling.

Doctors may be able to reduce an inguinal hernia or push it back into place. However, a hernia will almost always require surgery (hernia repair).

Kidney stones can cause pain that radiates to the testicles. Doctors call this referred pain, when the pain occurs beyond the area that is causing the problem.

Other symptoms that doctors may associate with kidney stones include:

• blood-tinged urine
• burning when urinating
• nausea
• pain at the top of the penis
• sharp, cramping pain that may radiate from the back to the groin
• urinating frequently
• vomiting

Doctors may advise waiting for the kidney stones to pass. However, if a stone does not pass after some time or a person starts to experience symptoms of an infection, such as a fever or discharge, they should seek treatment as soon as possible.

Treatments can include surgery to remove the stone or shock-wave lithotripsy, which delivers shock waves to break up the stones.

For more research-backed information and resources for men’s health, please visit our dedicated hub.

Was this helpful?

Orchitis is an infection and inflammation of the testicles. Untreated epididymitis can lead to orchitis.

Symptoms of orchitis can include:

• fatigue
• fever
• nausea
• testicular pain
• swelling in one or both testicles
• vomiting

People should seek immediate treatment for orchitis. Sometimes the pain can be so severe that it is similar to testicular torsion, which is a medical emergency.

Treatments for orchitis depend upon the underlying cause. A doctor can prescribe antibiotics for bacterial infections. When a virus causes orchitis, they can recommend supportive treatments, such as over-the-counter pain relievers, rest, and elevating the scrotum.

People with orchitis may need to be evaluated with a scrotal ultrasound on an urgent basis in case the pain/swelling is from testicular torsion.

Testicular torsion is a serious medical condition that occurs when the spermatic cord twists, like a candy cane, and cuts off the blood supply to the testicle. The spermatic cord is the ‘stalk’ of the testicles that contains blood vessels and vas deferens. The vas deferens is the duct that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts before ejaculation.

Typically, testicular torsion is a condition that is more common in young men, usually those under 25.

Symptoms that doctors associate with testicular torsion include:

• nausea
• redness or darkening of the scrotum
• sudden, severe pain that occurs on one side of the scrotum
• swelling in the scrotum
• vomiting

The pain from testicular torsion is sometimes gradual. Some people with this condition experience pain that slowly worsens over several days.

According to the American Urological Association, testicular torsion typically occurs on the left side more than the right.

Treatment involves surgery to correct the testicular twisting. In rare cases where a surgeon cannot repair the torsion, they may remove the testicle.

Usually, testicular torsion only affects one testicle, so removing it does not normally affect a person’s fertility. However, although unlikely, this is possible.

A testicular tumor can cause pain and swelling in the testicular area. Other symptoms may include:

• a dull ache in the groin
• a lump in the testicle
• testicular swelling

Symptoms of a testicular tumor can resemble several other conditions that affect males, such as inguinal hernias and epididymitis. A doctor can help to diagnose the tumor or other underlying condition.

A blow to the testicles can cause bruising, pain, and swelling. A testicle can also rupture or develop a hematocele. A hematocele occurs when blood pools around the testicle and presses on it, affecting blood flow.

If a person has experienced a blow to the testicles and is having pain and swelling, it is best to seek urgent medical attention.

Varicoceles are abnormally large, dilated veins in the testicles. Sometimes, varicoceles do not cause any symptoms.

When they do, a person may notice testicular pain that gets worse with physical activity or over the day. Varicoceles may also affect a person’s fertility.

Doctors do not know what causes varicoceles, but they can usually treat them with surgery.

People should note that most varicoceles are asymptomatic, and therefore doctors often find varicoceles incidentally. If doctors do find them, they usually do not need treatment because the testicular pain is usually a result of something else.

Children may experience pain in the testicles from trauma, whether that be from engaging in sports or playing rough. However, testicular pain in teenagers and younger children can also have the same causes as in adults.

People should seek medical attention if their child is complaining of testicular pain. This is because it may sometimes be a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. It is better to discuss this with healthcare professionals and be cautious than risk serious harm.

It is important to teach children to discuss testicular pain as they would pain in any other part of their body. It may feel like an uncomfortable conversation to have, but it could help them prevent a medical emergency from having a poor outcome.

Additional causes of testicle pain may include:

• Diabetic neuropathy: This nerve damage due to diabetes can also cause pain in the testicles. Managing the underlying diabetes can resolve the problem.
• Hydrocele: This is a fluid buildup that causes swelling of the scrotum. They typically affect babies but can impact males of any age. While they do not usually cause pain, there can be some pain from the swelling. In infants, the hydrocele will typically resolve on their own. In adults, surgery may be necessary.
• Idiopathic testicular pain: This is where the testicular pain is due to an unknown cause. Treatment may include pain management while doctors carry out further investigations.
• Mumps: Most people with mumps recover quickly. However, males who get mumps after puberty can develop complications such as inflammation of the testicles.
• Prostatitis: This is an infection or inflammation of the prostate. Treatment varies depending on the individual but can include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, or warm baths.
• Scrotal masses: The treatment will vary depending on the cause of the mass. Some causes of scrotal masses include epididymitis and cancer.
• Spermatocele: This is where there is a fluid buildup in the testicle and is also known as a spermatic cyst. These may not require treatment, but if they become too large, medicines can ease the pain.
• Urinary tract infection: This is where bacteria enter the urinary tract, which includes the urethra, bladder, and kidneys. One symptom of the infection may be testicular pain. Sometimes, the infection may clear up by itself, but other times may need antibiotics.
• Back pain: Testicular pain may be the result of pinched nerves from slipped or herniated discs.
• Gastrointestinal issues: One example of a gastrointestinal issue that can cause testicular pain is diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is an inflammation of pouches in the intestines.

It is best to see a doctor if any of the following symptoms accompany testicular pain:

• discoloration of the testicles
• nausea
• unusual, bloody, or cloudy discharge from the penis
• testicular swelling
• vomiting
• pain that gets worse over time

Anyone with symptoms of testicular torsion should seek emergency medical attention. Without treatment, any condition that affects blood flow could result in loss of the testicle or surrounding parts.

If a person experiences swelling or pain in one or both testicles, it is best to see a doctor. If the pain is causing nausea and vomiting, they should seek immediate medical attention.

In cases of testicular torsion, the sooner a person seeks help, the more likely they can receive prompt attention for restoring blood flow.

Medical treatments are available for most causes of testicular pain.

Testicular Pain | Men’s Health Center | Henry Ford Health

Section Menu

Many men experience testicle pain since this area is highly sensitive. If you experience a sudden onset of pain — or a lingering ache that doesn’t go away — it’s important to see your doctor.

Our experienced specialists at the Henry Ford Men’s Health Center expertly diagnose and treat all types of testicular pain. We successfully use advanced skills and minimally invasive techniques to give you relief.

What causes testicular pain?

A sack of skin (scrotum) surrounds the testicles. It contains parts of the reproductive system as well as numerous nerves, veins and arteries. Injury, infection and other conditions can affect the area, leading to pain.

We understand testicular pain has many potential causes that can be tricky to diagnose. For instance, you may feel pain in your testicles that actually comes from your groin or abdomen.

Our highly trained urologists identify the cause of your pain and create a treatment plan to provide you relief. Possible causes of testicular pain include:

• Trauma: A blow to the testicles causes acute pain that usually goes away on its own.
• Testicular torsion (twisting of the testicles) can cut off blood supply and needs to be treated immediately.
• Infection: Urinary tract infections and some sexually transmitted diseases can result in testicle pain and inflammation.
• Varicocele: These enlarged veins in the testicles sometimes cause pain.
• Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate can cause pain in your testicles and the surrounding area.
• Nerve conditions: In some cases, nerve damage or overactive nerves in the testicles lead to pain. 
• Epididymitis: When the coiled tube behind your testicles (epididymis) gets inflamed, you may feel pain in your testicles. 
• Testicular cancer: Some tumors cause a chronic dull ache in the testicles.

Testicular pain treatment

Your treatment will depend on what’s causing your testicular pain. Once we accurately diagnose the problem, we’ll work with you on a targeted treatment plan. Our options include:

• Pain relievers: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can help relieve mild pain.
• Antibiotics: If you have an infection, we’ll prescribe a course of antibiotics to clear it and eliminate associated pain. 
• Microsurgical varicocelectomy : If enlarged veins in your testicles (varicoceles) cause your pain, we consider surgery. We successfully treat varicoceles using advanced, minimally invasive techniques. 
• Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord: Our highly skilled surgeons are among only a few in the country who perform this complex procedure. We treat the testicular nerves causing pain without affecting the artery or your sexual function.

If you have testicular pain, consult our specialists at the Henry Ford Men’s Health Center. We have effective treatments to help you find relief.

Periodic testicular pain: causes and treatment

Periodic testicular pain can be a sign of various diseases. It is necessary to consult a specialist for an accurate diagnosis and treatment. The article describes the main causes of pain and how to avoid them.

One of the most common symptoms associated with men’s health is testicular pain. The pain may be sharp or dull, intermittent or constant. If pain in the testicle occurs periodically, then this may indicate serious disorders in the body that require mandatory treatment.

There are many causes that can lead to intermittent testicular pain. These include inflammatory processes, diseases of the genitourinary system, damage, testicular prolapse, the presence of a tumor, and many others. One of the most common causes is a varicocele, which is an enlargement of the veins in the testicles. This condition can lead to reduced sperm quality and even infertility.

Depending on the cause of testicular pain, your doctor may prescribe appropriate treatment. Some cases can be resolved with medication, while others require drastic measures, such as surgery. The best way to avoid the development of diseases and disorders in the testicles is regular medical check-ups. It is important not to ignore any symptoms that indicate problems in the body, but to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.

Description of symptoms

Periodic testicular pain may present in different ways, depending on its cause. However, as a rule, it is discomfort at the level of one or both testicles.

In some cases, pain may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as:

• testicular edema
• testicular swelling
• testicular discoloration
• testicular fluid discharge
• tumor detection testicle

If testicular pain is accompanied by one or more of these symptoms, a doctor should be consulted to diagnose and determine the cause of the pain.

If the pain in the testicle is severe and does not go away after a few days, you should also consult a doctor for additional tests.

Possible causes of testicular pain

Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, the tube on the back of the testicle that stores and matures sperm. Epididymitis usually causes sharp pain in the testicle and may lead to swelling. Viruses or bacteria are usually the cause of this disease.

Varicocele is an enlargement of the veins in the testicular region, which leads to the expansion and damage of blood vessels. Varicocele can cause heartburn in the testicle. It can be quite often associated with infertility and can be treated with surgery.

Testicular hernia is a condition in which potentially dangerous organs protrude beyond the musculature in the scrotum. It can cause testicular tenderness and requires immediate medical attention.

Spinal osteochondrosis is a disease that can lead to constant pain in the testicle and leg. This is a spinal problem that can be a serious cause of testicular pain.

Testicular Injury is the most obvious and possibly serious cause of testicular pain. Injury can cause damage or rupture of the testicle, which means that medical attention is needed immediately.

Association of testicular pain with inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system

Pain in the testicle can be associated with various diseases of the genitourinary system. At the same time, such pains may differ in nature, severity and accompanying symptoms.

One of the most common variant associated with testicular pain is epididymitis. In addition, epididymitis may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, testicular swelling, and discomfort when urinating.

Another possible cause of testicular pain is orchitis. In this case, the disease can cause soreness and swelling of the testicle, as well as fever and general malaise.

In addition, pain in the testicles can be associated with other diseases of the genitourinary system, such as prostatitis or cystitis. With these diseases, typical symptoms are frequent visits to the toilet, discomfort when urinating, and soreness in the genitourinary area.

In general, at the first sign of testicular pain and accompanying symptoms, a urologist should be consulted. The specialist will conduct the necessary examination, diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Self-medication in this case not only may not lead to the desired results, but also aggravate the situation.

Poisoning and intoxication as a cause of pain in the testicles

Poisoning and intoxication can cause recurrent pains in the testicles. This may be due to exposure to toxic substances in the body, for example, when working in a factory, eating expired foods, or interacting with poisonous plants.

Symptoms of testicular pain from poisoning may include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal and testicular pain.

For the treatment of poisoning and intoxication, seek immediate medical attention. Doctors can administer treatments depending on the type of toxic substance and the patient’s level of intoxication.

• In cases where the cause of poisoning is unknown, various detoxification methods can be used, such as oxygen therapy, hemodialysis, or the use of hyperbaric oxygen products.
• Various medications can be used to relieve symptoms and improve the general condition of the patient.

In any case, the treatment of poisoning and intoxication should only be carried out under the supervision of qualified specialists in a hospital setting.

Kidney stones

Kidney stones , also known as nephrolithiasis, is a disease associated with the formation of stones in the kidneys and urinary tract. This can lead to a number of symptoms, including occasional testicular pain in men.

Kidney stones do not always cause discomfort, but when they begin to travel in the urinary tract, it can lead to pain in the testicles, back and abdomen. Sharp stones can also damage the walls of the urinary tract, causing bleeding and infections. A very large stone can completely block the urinary canal, leading to renal colic and blocking the flow of urine.

Treatment for urolithiasis depends on the size and location of the stones in the urinary tract. Small stones can pass on their own with urine, but larger stones require medical attention. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove stones from the urinary tract using surgical methods or lithotripsy.

For the prevention of urolithiasis, it is recommended to drink enough fluids and reduce the intake of foods high in calcium and oxalate. Avoid excessive consumption of foods rich in protein, salt and fat, as this can contribute to the formation of stones in the urinary tract.

Prolapse of the testicle or its large vessels

Prolapse of the testicle, or the so-called torsion of the testicle, occurs when the testicle expands or rotates on its axis, resulting in impaired blood supply and intense pain.

This may be due to physical stress or injury, but is often the result of genetic factors or unusual anatomical features.

If testicular prolapse is suspected, a doctor should be consulted immediately, who can examine and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Large testicular vessels can also become immobile, which can lead to torsion-like symptoms and testicular pain.

Such problems can be caused by genetic factors, as well as damage or injury.

Depending on the cause of the problem, treatment may be required, including surgery.

Testicular cysts

Testicular cysts is one of the most common causes of testicular pain in men.

In testicular cysts, fluid forms inside the testicle, which leads to an increase in its size and pressure on the surrounding tissues. This can cause pain, discomfort, and a feeling of heaviness in the testicle.

In most men, testicular cysts do not cause serious problems and do not require treatment. However, if the size of the cyst increases or other symptoms appear, such as blood in the urine or pain in the lower back, a urologist should be consulted for advice and further treatment.

Diagnosis of testicular cysts usually includes an ultrasound examination of the testis and spermatic cord. In some cases, a biopsy of testicular tissue may be required.

Testicular cystosis treatment depends on its size and symptoms. If the cyst is small and does not cause discomfort, then observation and regular visits to the doctor to control its size may be sufficient. If there is pain and other symptoms, it may be necessary to remove the cyst surgically.

In general, testicular cystosis is a relatively benign condition that usually does not require treatment. However, if you experience testicular pain and other symptoms, you should consult a doctor for advice and further treatment.

Umbilical hernia and its effect on the testicles

Umbilical hernia is one of the most common causes of testicular pain. It occurs due to the protrusion of internal organs through a weak spot in the abdominal wall – the umbilical ring.

In the presence of a hernia of the umbilical collar in men, compression of the spermatic cord, which goes from the testicle to the abdominal cavity, is possible. This can lead to intermittent pain in the testicles and abdomen, especially during exercise or exertion.

Treatment of umbilical hernia usually requires surgery. The operation consists in restoring the umbilical ring and strengthening the abdominal wall. After surgery, pain in the testicles and abdomen usually disappears.

If you’re experiencing umbilical hernia and occasional testicular pain, don’t put off seeing your doctor. Temporary relief can lead to worsening of the problem in the future.

Injury to the testicle

Injury to the testicle can cause intermittent pain in this area. The injury can be caused by a blow, a fall, a sports injury, an accident, or surgery to the scrotum.

Testicular trauma accompanied by severe pain and swelling of the scrotum. Sometimes bruising may appear. If the injury was severe, surgery may be required.

The consequences of testicular injury may vary and depend on the degree of injury. If the injury was mild, then after some time everything goes away on its own. With a serious injury, problems with the duration of an erection and even infertility can occur.

If you have a testicular injury, you should see a doctor and get the necessary treatment. Lack of treatment can lead to serious consequences.

Testicular cancer and its symptoms

Testicular cancer is a fatal disease that almost always begins with changes that are invisible to the patient. In the early stages, testicular cancer may present with short-term discomfort in the testicles, as well as painful swelling. In turn, in the subsequent stages of testicular cancer, more noticeable signs appear – an increase in the size of the testicle, its weight and the presence of discomfort.

One of the key symptoms of testicular cancer is severe pain that may worsen over weeks or months. In addition, with testicular cancer, various pressures and discomforts, discomfort in the lower abdomen and dysfunction of the genitourinary system can occur.

Regular diagnostic tests such as testicular palpation, ultrasound and computed tomography are recommended to detect testicular cancer. If testicular cancer is suspected, a urologist should be consulted.

Testicular cancer treatment depends on the stage of the disease and includes various methods such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The most important thing is not to neglect the disease: testicular cancer can be cured if treated early.

Diagnosing testicular pain

If you have intermittent testicular pain, you should see a doctor who will conduct a series of tests to diagnose the cause of the pain. It is important not to delay going to the doctor, as early diagnosis can prevent serious problems in the future.

The first step in diagnosing testicular pain is to collect information about the patient’s complaints. The doctor will ask questions about the duration and frequency of pain, the features of their manifestation and associated symptoms.

Next, a visual examination and a digital examination of the testis are performed. This allows you to detect signs of inflammation, compaction and other abnormalities.

Additional testing may include urinalysis, blood tests, urogenital ultrasound, X-ray, CT, or MRI. If the cause of the pain is an infection, a urine culture or prostate reduction may be required.

Other specialists, such as a urologist or oncologist, may also be consulted, depending on the problems found.

It should be remembered that the diagnosis of pain in the testicles can take a long time and include several stages. However, only by establishing the exact cause of the pain, the doctor will be able to offer effective treatment and prevent possible complications.

Additional research methods

To clarify the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe additional research methods:

• Ultrasound examination – allows you to assess the condition of the testicle, determine the presence of tumor formations and other changes.
• Test for tumor markers in the blood – can be used to diagnose malignant ovarian tumors.
• Imaging – can be used to obtain more detailed information about changes in the ovary and surrounding tissues.
• Biopsy – May be needed if ovarian cancer is suspected.

Additional research methods will help clarify the diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment depending on the identified changes.

Advantages and disadvantages of test methods

Test methods
Advantages of
Disadvantages

Ultrasound	Safe, no need for radiation, inexpensive	Does not always allow accurate characterization changes, false positive and false negative results are possible
Test for tumor markers in the blood	Relatively inexpensive, can detect malignant tumors at an early stage	Markers do not always reliably indicate the presence of a tumor, they can also occur in other diseases
Tomography	Gives a more detailed picture of the condition of the ovary and surrounding tissues	Expensive, not always available, requires the use of radiation
Biopsy	Accurate tumor characterization	Invasive, risk of complications, possibility of false positives

Who needs to seek medical help?

Intermittent testicular pain may be a sign of a serious condition requiring medical attention. If the disease is not treated in time, it can lead to serious complications, including infertility.

First of all, you should consult a urologist or andrologist. Also, depending on the symptoms found, it may be necessary to consult an endocrinologist, neurologist, oncologist or other specialist.

If you experience severe pain in the testicle or surrounding areas, accompanied by vomiting, nausea, or fever, you should immediately call an ambulance or see a doctor. This may be a sign of a very serious condition, such as a testicular twist or other injury.

• If you experience any of the following symptoms, you should also seek medical attention immediately:
• Testicular enlargement or redness around it
• Erectile dysfunction or infertility
• Change in the shape or size of the testicle

Sometimes testicular pain can be innocent and go away on its own, but to avoid serious problems, it is always best to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Non-surgical treatment of testicular disease

If the pain in the testicle is not acute, but is caused by a chronic disease such as varicocele, hydrocele or epididymitis, conservative treatment methods are used.

One of the methods of conservative treatment is the use of drugs. For the treatment of varicocele, drugs are used that improve blood circulation in the testicular area and help reduce venous nodes. Hydroceles are often treated with diuretics, which reduce the accumulation of fluid in the scrotum.

One of the most effective methods of conservative treatment of epididymitis is antibiotics. Anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics may also be used to control inflammation.

In addition, physiotherapeutic procedures such as ultrasound therapy, massage and electrical stimulation are prescribed to eliminate pain symptoms and improve blood circulation in the testicular area. Some patients also resort to simple home remedies such as cold and hot compresses to reduce swelling and relieve pain.

However, in case of serious complications, such as testicular necrosis or damage, surgery may be required. Therefore, if you have intermittent pain in the testicle, you should immediately consult a doctor to determine the cause of the pain and choose the most appropriate treatment.

Treatment of testicular cysts

Testicular cysts can be treated medically or surgically. In some cases, the cyst may resolve solely on observation. However, some cystic lesions require surgery.

The cyst may be treated with medication if it does not cause severe pain or increase in size. Usually, a doctor will prescribe drugs such as hormonal contraceptives, which can help slow the growth of the cyst and relieve symptoms.

However, if the cyst is large or causes severe pain, surgery may be required. The operation can be performed both in open and laparoscopic format. During laparoscopic surgery, doctors make several small incisions and remove the cyst through them, which reduces the risk of complications and the patient’s recovery rate.

After surgery, the patient may be given anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics to relieve pain and prevent infections. The recovery process depends on the size of the operation and can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks.

In general, the treatment of testicular cysts should be under the direction of a physician. Do not try to self-medicate, as this can lead to complications.

Treatment of testicular cancer

Treatment of testicular cancer depends on many factors such as the stage of the disease, the type and size of the tumor, the age and general condition of the patient. In some cases, a combination of several treatments may be required.

One of the key methods of treatment is surgical removal of the tumor, which can be performed either by open surgery or by laparoscopy. In this case, not only the tumor can also be removed, but also the surrounding tissues and lymph nodes, depending on the degree of spread of cancer cells.

Chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy may be used to eliminate remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy is carried out by introducing special drugs into the body that destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy, in turn, is based on the use of high-energy rays that are aimed at the tumor and destroy cancer cells.

Also an important component of the treatment is the rehabilitation of the patient after the procedures. This may include appropriate diet, exercise, psychotherapy, and/or social service support.

• Testicular cancer treatment may be effective depending on the stage of the disease
• Surgical removal of the tumor is a key treatment
• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are complementary treatments
• Rehabilitation after procedures is an important part of treatment

Recovery waiting period after surgery or conservative treatment

The recovery period after testicular surgery can last several weeks. In the first days after the operation, the patient may feel pain and discomfort in the testicle area. To reduce pain, your doctor may prescribe pain medication.

It is important to keep the wound clean and dry after surgery. It is necessary to avoid stress and trips to the bath, sauna and swimming pool for several weeks after the operation. You should also avoid cycling and active sports during the first 2-3 weeks after surgery.

Non-surgical treatments that may be used to treat intermittent testicular pain may also require a recovery period. For example, when using anticancer therapy, side effects such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, as well as changes in the circulatory system can occur. In such cases, the doctor may prescribe additional procedures or drugs to improve the patient’s condition.

In general, the recovery period after surgery or conservative treatment of a testicular disease should be carried out under the supervision of a physician. It is important to monitor your well-being and consult a doctor in a timely manner in case of any symptoms or complications.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What could be the causes of periodic testicular pain?

Periodic testicular pain can be caused by a variety of causes: inflammatory diseases, trauma, tumors, and even rare genetic disorders. The most common causes are varicocele, hydrocele, and epididymitis.

How is the cause of intermittent testicular pain diagnosed?

Diagnosis of the cause of periodic pain in the testicle includes examination by a urologist, general and biochemical blood tests, uroflowmetry, ultrasound of the bladder, PCR diagnostics. In some cases, an MRI scan may be required.

How is intermittent testicular pain treated?

Treatment of intermittent testicular pain depends on its cause. In the case of varicocele, surgery may be prescribed, with hydrocele and epididymitis, conservative treatment aimed at eliminating inflammation and pain. Rarely, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be needed to treat the tumor.

Can periodic testicular pain be prevented?

You can prevent the occurrence of periodic pain in the testicles by observing a healthy lifestyle, preventing injuries and inflammations, and promptly contacting doctors for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases of the genitourinary system.

What role does the emotional state play in occasional testicular pain?

Psychosomatic factors may exacerbate intermittent testicular pain. The emotional state of the patient can influence the awareness and perception of pain, so every possible step should be taken to reduce the level of stress and anxiety.

What complications can occur if periodic testicular pain is ignored?

Ignoring periodic pain in the testicle can lead to various complications: reduced potency, infectious diseases, phimosis, gangrene and even cancerous tumors. Therefore, in case of intermittent pain in the testicle, it is necessary to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

When should I see a doctor immediately if I have intermittent testicular pain?

Seek immediate medical attention if intermittent testicular pain is accompanied by: severe testicular pain and swelling, discharge of blood or purulent fluid, fever, urinary problems. This may indicate serious problems in the genitourinary system that require immediate medical attention.

Why testicles hurt and what to do about it

Likbez

Health

August 12, 2021

It’s definitely not worth waiting for it to go away on its own. We need a urologist here.

The testicles, or testicles, are the organ of the male reproductive system, which produces the germ cells, spermatozoa, and the hormone testosterone. Testicles can hurt for various reasons.

1. Trauma

The testicles are easily damaged because they are located in the scrotum, a fold of skin, and are not protected by muscles or bones. This can happen during sports, at home or at the time of a fight. After a direct blow, severe pain will appear, which will radiate to the stomach.

What to do

Pain usually resolves in less than an hour. To speed up the process, you can:

• take an over-the-counter pain reliever;
• lie down to rest;
• apply an ice pack to the scrotum;
• put on supportive underwear.

It is also recommended not to exercise for several days.

If the pain lasts for more than an hour, the scrotum is swollen, nausea, vomiting, fever, you should see a doctor as soon as possible.

2. Varicocele

This is the name given to the expansion of the veins of the scrotum, which can impair sperm production, reduce testicles and infertility. The disease usually develops very slowly. First there is discomfort in the scrotum, then a sharp or dull pain. It occurs or intensifies if you have to stand for a long time, during physical exertion, but passes in the supine position.

Over time, changes appear on the scrotum, one testicle swells, and almost always on the left. Sometimes you can feel the tortuous dilated veins above it, resembling a bag of worms.

What to do

If the above symptoms appear, you should go to a urologist. He will do an examination and perform an ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis. Then an operation is performed, the purpose of which is to block the dilated veins so that the blood flows around healthy vessels.

3. Inguinal hernia

This is a disease in which part of the intestine or other tissues of the abdomen protrude through weak points in the muscles of the groin due to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Symptoms are not always present. But sometimes there is swelling, discomfort, or burning, which can be aggravated by bending over, coughing, or lifting heavy things. If the hernia descends to the scrotum, then the latter will increase in size and begin to hurt. In extreme cases, a dangerous complication may appear – strangulated hernia, which leads to impaired blood circulation.

What to do

A hernia does not always hurt, but if it does, a surgeon should be consulted. The doctor will suggest surgery to avoid complications. First of all, infringement.

4. Prostatitis

This is the name for inflammation of the prostate gland, which is located directly under the bladder. The disease can develop for various reasons. But any form of prostatitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• pain and burning during urination;
• frequent trips to the toilet, especially at night;
• difficult urination;
• cloudy or bloody urine;
• sudden strong urge to urinate;
• pain in the lower back, groin or abdomen;
• painful ejaculation;
• discomfort in the penis, testicles, perineum;
• flu-like condition due to bacterial infection in the prostate.

What to do

If these symptoms appear, you should consult a urologist. The doctor will prescribe an examination: blood and urine tests, ultrasound of the prostate. Then the specialist will select the treatment. It can be:

• antibiotics that kill the infection;
• alpha-blockers, they relax the muscles in the prostate area and make it easier to urinate;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief.

5. Orchitis

Inflammation of one or both testicles. The main cause is bacterial infections, sometimes sexually transmitted diseases. Sometimes orchitis can be caused by the mumps (mumps) virus.

Due to inflammation, the testicles not only hurt, but also swell. The temperature rises, nausea and vomiting appear. Without treatment, testicular tissue can collapse, and then an abscess will form. And in some men, the testicles atrophy, which leads to infertility.

What to do

It all depends on the type of infection. For a bacterial infection, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics, and for a viral infection, over-the-counter pain medications, bed rest, tight clothing, and cold compresses. Viral orchitis usually improves after 3 to 10 days, and scrotal pain disappears after a few weeks.

6. Epididymitis

This is an inflammation of a small area on the back of the testicle where sperm is stored. Sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia cause epididymitis. In addition to pain in the testicles, the disease manifests itself as follows:

• swelling and redness of the scrotum, it becomes hot to the touch;
• painful urination;
• frequent urination;
• discharge from the penis;
• pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen;
• blood in semen;
• sometimes – fever.

What to do

With these symptoms, the urologist will prescribe antibiotics. And if the infection has led to the appearance of an abscess on the scrotum, then surgery will be needed.

7. Testicular torsion

It rotates around its axis, due to which the spermatic cord, through which the vessels pass to the testicle, is pinched. As a result, blood flow deteriorates. Most often, torsion occurs between the ages of 12 and 18. Why is unknown, but possibly due to activity, injury, or genetic predisposition. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

• sudden severe pain in the scrotum;
• unusual testicular position;
• nausea and vomiting;
• swelling of the scrotum;
• abdominal pain;
• frequent urination;
• increased body temperature.

What to do

When the first symptoms appear, call an ambulance. After all, if you do not unwind the testicle within six hours, then there is a high probability that its tissues will die and the organ will have to be removed.

The treatment will require surgery under anesthesia. The surgeon will incise the scrotum, return the testis to its normal position, and secure it with a few stitches to prevent torsion from recurring.

8. Hydrocele

This is the name of the swelling of the scrotum, which appears due to the accumulation of fluid in the membranes of the testis. Typically, a hydrocele develops spontaneously in boys under one year of age, causes no pain, and resolves on its own without treatment. In men, the cause is most often an injury or infection, therefore, in addition to an increase in the scrotum, there is discomfort or a feeling of heaviness.

What to do

If the scrotum is swollen, you need to see a urologist. The most important thing is to exclude dangerous causes of hydrocele, such as infection, tumor, inguinal hernia, impaired blood flow, or testicular torsion.

And to eliminate the hydrocele, an operation is performed under anesthesia or local anesthesia. The doctor will simply cut open the scrotum and release the fluid, and then sew up the wound. To prevent swelling from occurring again, a tube is left in the scrotum for several days to let the fluid out. Since the hydrocele may recur, a re-examination is carried out later.

9. Spermatocele

This is an abnormal sac (cyst) of sperm that develops in the epididymis, a small duct behind it. Usually spermatocele does not affect well-being. If the cyst is enlarged, the following symptoms may appear:

• pain or discomfort in affected testicle;
• feeling of heaviness;
• mass behind and above the testis.

What to do

Spermatocele should only be treated if symptoms are severe. Then surgery may be needed. The doctor will make an incision in the scrotum and remove the cyst. Sometimes they do it easier – with the help of a needle, the contents of the spermatocele are sucked out.

10. Diabetic neuropathy

Peripheral nerves are affected in men with diabetes mellitus. One of the complications is pain in the testicles. Symptoms come on gradually, usually with burning, numbness, tingling, decreased ability to perceive temperature, and sometimes increased sensitivity to touch, where the slightest touch causes pain. Also often there are problems with potency.

What to do

Endocrinologists can only stop the occurrence of other complications of diabetes. To do this, specialists help the patient maintain their glucose levels in the normal range with diet and medication.

OTC pain relievers are usually used to reduce pain, but antidepressants and anticonvulsants are sometimes added depending on symptoms and general condition.

11. Testicular cancer

This is a rare malignant tumor that most often occurs in men 15-35 years of age. The reasons for the development of this cancer are unknown. Usually only one testicle is affected, and symptoms appear only in advanced stages:

• enlarged testis or lump in it;
• feeling of heaviness in the scrotum;
• dull pain in abdomen and groin;
• swelling of the scrotum;
• testicular pain or discomfort;
• breast enlargement, it may start to hurt;
• back pain.

What to do

In case of any changes, you need to go to the urologist. After examination and confirmation of the diagnosis, the testicle will be removed.