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108 49 blood pressure. Understanding Blood Pressure 108/49: Causes, Risks, and Management

by alexxlab

What are the implications of a blood pressure reading of 108/49. How does this reading compare to normal blood pressure ranges. What potential health risks are associated with low blood pressure. How can individuals manage and improve low blood pressure naturally.

Содержание

Decoding a Blood Pressure Reading of 108/49

A blood pressure reading of 108/49 mmHg is considered low blood pressure, also known as hypotension. The first number, 108, represents the systolic pressure (pressure when the heart beats), while 49 represents the diastolic pressure (pressure when the heart is at rest between beats). This reading falls below the generally accepted normal range of 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg.

Components of Blood Pressure Measurement

  • Systolic pressure: 108 mmHg
  • Diastolic pressure: 49 mmHg

Is a blood pressure of 108/49 concerning? While this reading indicates low blood pressure, it may not necessarily be problematic unless it causes symptoms or is a sudden drop from your usual blood pressure.

Symptoms and Risks Associated with Low Blood Pressure

Low blood pressure can lead to various symptoms and potential health risks. Common symptoms include:

  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Fainting (syncope)
  • Blurred vision
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Lack of concentration

Do these symptoms always occur with low blood pressure? Not necessarily. Some individuals may have chronically low blood pressure without experiencing any symptoms, while others may be more sensitive to fluctuations in their blood pressure.

Causes of Low Blood Pressure

Several factors can contribute to low blood pressure, including:

  1. Dehydration
  2. Blood loss
  3. Certain medications (e.g., diuretics, beta-blockers)
  4. Endocrine disorders (e.g., thyroid problems, adrenal insufficiency)
  5. Heart problems
  6. Pregnancy
  7. Nutritional deficiencies
  8. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)

Can low blood pressure be a sign of an underlying health condition? In some cases, yes. Persistent low blood pressure may indicate an underlying health issue that requires medical attention.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Low Blood Pressure

While a blood pressure reading of 108/49 may not always require immediate medical attention, it’s essential to monitor your symptoms and overall health. Seek medical care if you experience:

  • Frequent fainting episodes
  • Severe dizziness that affects daily activities
  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Signs of shock (cold, clammy skin; rapid, shallow breathing; weak pulse)

Should you consult a doctor for asymptomatic low blood pressure? If you consistently have low blood pressure readings but don’t experience symptoms, it’s still advisable to discuss this with your healthcare provider during routine check-ups.

Natural Ways to Manage Low Blood Pressure

If you’re looking to manage low blood pressure naturally, consider the following strategies:

  1. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day
  2. Increase salt intake: Consult your doctor about adding more salt to your diet
  3. Eat smaller, more frequent meals: This can help prevent blood pressure drops after eating
  4. Wear compression stockings: These can help improve blood flow
  5. Avoid sudden position changes: Stand up slowly to prevent dizziness
  6. Exercise regularly: Gentle exercises can help improve circulation
  7. Limit alcohol consumption: Alcohol can lower blood pressure further

Are these natural remedies effective for everyone with low blood pressure? While these strategies can be helpful for many individuals, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best approach for your specific situation.

Dietary Considerations for Low Blood Pressure

Certain dietary changes may help manage low blood pressure:

  • Increase fluid intake: Aim for 8-10 glasses of water per day
  • Consume more salt: Under medical supervision, consider adding more salt to your diet
  • Eat foods high in vitamin B12: Include foods like eggs, meat, and fortified cereals
  • Incorporate more folate-rich foods: Leafy greens, legumes, and citrus fruits are good sources
  • Consider caffeine: Moderate caffeine intake may temporarily boost blood pressure

Can dietary changes alone normalize blood pressure? While dietary modifications can be beneficial, they should be part of a comprehensive approach to managing low blood pressure, which may include other lifestyle changes and medical interventions as recommended by your healthcare provider.

Monitoring Blood Pressure at Home

Regular blood pressure monitoring can help you track your progress and identify any concerning trends. Here are some tips for accurate home blood pressure monitoring:

  1. Use a validated device: Choose a blood pressure monitor that has been clinically validated
  2. Measure at consistent times: Take readings at the same time each day
  3. Prepare properly: Rest for 5 minutes before measuring and avoid caffeine or exercise for 30 minutes prior
  4. Position yourself correctly: Sit with your back supported and feet flat on the floor
  5. Take multiple readings: Record 2-3 readings and calculate the average
  6. Keep a log: Record your readings over time to identify patterns

How often should you measure your blood pressure at home? For individuals with known low blood pressure, measuring once or twice daily can be helpful. However, consult your healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

Potential Complications of Chronic Low Blood Pressure

While low blood pressure is often less concerning than high blood pressure, chronic hypotension can lead to potential complications:

  • Falls and injuries: Dizziness and fainting increase the risk of falls
  • Shock: Severe hypotension can lead to inadequate blood flow to organs
  • Cognitive impairment: Reduced blood flow to the brain may affect cognitive function
  • Cardiovascular issues: Chronic low blood pressure may strain the heart

Are these complications common in all cases of low blood pressure? No, these complications are more likely in severe or prolonged cases of hypotension and may not affect everyone with low blood pressure readings.

Preventing Complications

To minimize the risk of complications associated with low blood pressure:

  1. Follow your treatment plan: Adhere to any medications or lifestyle changes recommended by your doctor
  2. Stay vigilant: Be aware of your symptoms and any changes in your condition
  3. Avoid triggers: Identify and avoid situations that may worsen your low blood pressure
  4. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management can support overall cardiovascular health

Medical Treatments for Low Blood Pressure

In some cases, medical interventions may be necessary to manage low blood pressure. Potential treatments include:

  • Fludrocortisone: A medication that helps increase blood volume
  • Midodrine: A drug that tightens blood vessels and increases blood pressure
  • Droxidopa: Used to treat neurogenic orthostatic hypotension
  • IV fluids: In cases of severe dehydration or blood loss
  • Treating underlying conditions: Addressing any medical issues contributing to low blood pressure

Are these medications suitable for everyone with low blood pressure? No, the appropriate treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the hypotension. Your healthcare provider will determine the best course of action based on your individual circumstances.

Living with Low Blood Pressure: Lifestyle Adaptations

Managing low blood pressure often requires ongoing lifestyle adjustments. Consider the following strategies:

  1. Plan your activities: Schedule demanding tasks for times when your blood pressure is typically higher
  2. Rise slowly: Take your time when getting up from a lying or sitting position
  3. Stay cool: Avoid prolonged exposure to hot environments, which can lower blood pressure
  4. Dress appropriately: Wear layers to adjust to temperature changes easily
  5. Elevate the head of your bed: This can help reduce morning dizziness
  6. Stay informed: Keep up-to-date on your condition and any new management strategies

Can these lifestyle adaptations completely resolve low blood pressure? While these strategies can significantly improve quality of life for many individuals with low blood pressure, they may not eliminate the condition entirely. Consistent management and regular medical check-ups are essential.

The Importance of Cardiovascular Health

Maintaining overall cardiovascular health is crucial, even when dealing with low blood pressure. Focus on:

  • Regular cardiovascular exercise: Engage in activities like walking, swimming, or cycling
  • Heart-healthy diet: Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
  • Stress management: Practice relaxation techniques such as meditation or deep breathing
  • Adequate sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night
  • Limiting alcohol and avoiding tobacco: These substances can impact cardiovascular health

Does focusing on cardiovascular health help manage low blood pressure? Yes, a strong cardiovascular system can better adapt to blood pressure fluctuations and may help mitigate some of the symptoms associated with low blood pressure.

Understanding Blood Pressure Variability

Blood pressure naturally fluctuates throughout the day. Factors that can influence these variations include:

  1. Time of day: Blood pressure typically follows a circadian rhythm
  2. Physical activity: Exercise can temporarily increase blood pressure
  3. Emotional state: Stress or anxiety may cause short-term spikes
  4. Meals: Blood pressure often drops slightly after eating
  5. Medications: Some drugs can affect blood pressure readings
  6. Hydration status: Dehydration can lower blood pressure

Should you be concerned about blood pressure fluctuations? Some variability is normal, but consistent low readings or sudden drops should be discussed with your healthcare provider.

Tracking Blood Pressure Patterns

To better understand your blood pressure patterns:

  • Keep a detailed log of readings, including time of day and circumstances
  • Note any symptoms experienced alongside low readings
  • Record relevant lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, exercise, stress levels)
  • Share this information with your healthcare provider during check-ups

The Role of Exercise in Managing Low Blood Pressure

Regular physical activity can play a crucial role in managing low blood pressure. Benefits include:

  1. Improved circulation
  2. Strengthened cardiovascular system
  3. Enhanced body’s ability to regulate blood pressure
  4. Reduced risk of fainting or dizziness
  5. Increased overall energy levels

What types of exercises are best for individuals with low blood pressure? Low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, and cycling are often recommended. However, it’s essential to start slowly and gradually increase intensity under medical supervision.

Exercise Precautions

When exercising with low blood pressure, keep these safety measures in mind:

  • Stay hydrated before, during, and after exercise
  • Avoid sudden changes in position during workouts
  • Listen to your body and stop if you feel dizzy or lightheaded
  • Wear compression stockings if recommended by your doctor
  • Choose cooler times of day for outdoor activities

Psychological Aspects of Living with Low Blood Pressure

Dealing with chronic low blood pressure can have psychological impacts. Common experiences include:

  1. Anxiety about potential symptoms or fainting
  2. Frustration with activity limitations
  3. Worry about long-term health implications
  4. Social isolation due to symptom management
  5. Stress related to ongoing medical management

How can individuals cope with the psychological challenges of low blood pressure? Strategies such as joining support groups, practicing mindfulness, and seeking professional counseling can be beneficial in managing the emotional aspects of this condition.

Building Resilience

To build psychological resilience while living with low blood pressure:

  • Educate yourself about your condition
  • Set realistic goals and celebrate small victories
  • Develop a strong support network
  • Practice self-compassion
  • Engage in activities that bring joy and fulfillment

By addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of low blood pressure, individuals can work towards a better quality of life and improved overall well-being.

108/49 blood pressure – is it good or bad?

Home > Resources > Blood pressure lookup > 108/49

Maintaining a healthy blood pressure throughout your life is one of the most important things you can do for long-term health and longevity. Whether you’re looking up a blood pressure of 108/49 for yourself or a loved one or simply out of your own curiosity, you’re taking the right steps by being informed and empowering yourself or someone else to be their own best advocate.

According to the American Heart Association, a blood pressure reading of 108/49 would be considered
hypotension, or low blood pressure. Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is defined by a systolic reading (the top number) of less than 90 or a diastolic reading (the bottom number) of less than 60. Low blood pressure generally isn’t considered an issue unless it causes symptoms (such as dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting) or unless it drops suddenly.

Okay, now you know how to classify a blood pressure of 108/49, but now what do you do with that information? Read on to learn more or look up another blood pressure reading.

What is a good blood pressure reading?

According to the American Heart Association, a normal blood pressure reading is lower than 120/80. While there is no specific number for low blood pressure, most experts say blood pressure is too low when it causes symptoms or drops suddenly. In general, though, low blood pressure can be considered anything under 90/60.

More information about a blood pressure reading of 108/49

A blood pressure reading of 108/49 is pronounced “108 over 49.” You may also see it written colloquially as 108/49 bp.

In a blood pressure reading of 108/49, 108 is called the systolic number and 49 is called the diastolic number. Systolic refers to the part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries, and diastolic refers to the part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood. You may also hear the systolic and diastolic numbers referred to as the top number and the bottom number.

Systolic and diastolic readings are measured in mmHg, which is a unit of pressure equal to the pressure that can support a column of mercury 1 millimeter high. Hg is the chemical symbol for mercury. For a blood pressure reading of 108/49, you would pronounce it “108 over 49 millimeters of mercury.”

How do you measure blood pressure?

In a doctor’s office, blood pressure is traditionally taken manually by a doctor or nurse with a sphygmomanometer. A sphygmomanometer is a medical instrument with an inflatable cuff and pressure meter or dial. The sphygmomanometer is placed snugly around the upper arm and is inflated by hand, and the doctor or nurse listens to the brachial artery with a stethoscope as they gradually reduce the pressure of the cuff. When the whooshing sound of blood is first heard through the stethoscope, the doctor or nurse makes note of the reading on the pressure meter. This indicates the systolic blood pressure reading. When the sound disappears, the reading on the pressure meter indicates the diastolic pressure reading.

Blood pressure can also be taken at home using a number of a digital devices. They typically consist of an inflatable cuff and digital display and simply work by placing the cuff around the upper arm and pressing a button, after which the cuff inflatess, deflates, and displays a reading. The most popular blood pressure machines for home use are made by Omron, Beurer, and Paramed, amongst many others.

One thing to keep in mind is that blood pressure can vary by time of day and activity level, so if you’re taking it at home it’s important to check it around the same time each day and rest for a few minutes ahead of time to limit as many variables as possible. It can also be affected by eating.

Blood pressure tends to rise in the hours before waking and then drop in the afternoon and evening before dropping to its lowest point while sleeping, so one popular recommendation is to check it just after waking up and just before bed to identify trends in how it varies from morning until night. Because of this, you might find that if your blood pressure is 108/49 in the morning, it might be lower before bed, and vice versa. Of course, these are just general rules of thumb and may vary by the individual.

Relevant HSA expenses

If you have an HSA as part of your health insurance plan, you’ll be pleased to find that blood pressure monitors, blood pressure cuffs, and wrist blood pressure monitors are all eligible, including smart blood pressure monitors like the offerings from Qardio and Withings.

How the heck do you pronounce sphygmomanometer?

Sphygmomanometer is pronounced sfig-moh-muh-‘nah-mi-ter. Easy!

Explore blood pressure readings similar to 108/49

The following table shows related blood pressure readings because sometimes just one number can make all the difference.

Please note that if a field is blank, it’s not an accident—it simply means a record doesn’t exist for that particular blood pressure. This could be because going forward or backward would create a blood pressure reading that wouldn’t make sense, or because that blood pressure simply doesn’t exist in our records.

← Prev systolic numNext systolic num →
107/49 blood pressure109/49 blood pressure
← Prev diastolic numNext diastolic num →
108/48 blood pressure108/50 blood pressure

Sources

  • Understanding blood pressure readings – American Heart Association
  • High blood pressure – Mayo Clinic
  • Get the most out of home blood pressure monitoring – Mayo Clinic
  • Blood pressure – Wikipedia
  • How to pronounce sphygmomanometer – Dictionary.com

Disclaimer

The information on this page is intended to be an educational reference and is not to be taken as medical advice. If you think you’re having a hypertensive or hypotensive emergency, or if you’re having any kind of medical emergency, please call 911 immediately.

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Meta-Analysis

. 2019 Jan;49(1):95-108.

doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1.

Christoph Centner 
1
, Patrick Wiegel 
2
 
3
, Albert Gollhofer 
2
, Daniel König 
2

Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [email protected].
  • 2 Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
  • 3 Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

  • PMID:

    30306467

  • PMCID:

    PMC6349784

  • DOI:

    10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1

Free PMC article

Meta-Analysis

Christoph Centner et al.

Sports Med.

2019 Jan.

Free PMC article

. 2019 Jan;49(1):95-108.

doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1.

Authors

Christoph Centner 
1
, Patrick Wiegel 
2
 
3
, Albert Gollhofer 
2
, Daniel König 
2

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [email protected].
  • 2 Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
  • 3 Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

  • PMID:

    30306467

  • PMCID:

    PMC6349784

  • DOI:

    10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1

Abstract


Background:

The combination of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has recently been shown to promote muscular adaptations in various populations. To date, however, evidence is sparse on how this training regimen influences muscle mass and strength in older adults.


Purpose:

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively identify the effects of low-load BFR (LL-BFR) training on muscle mass and strength in older individuals in comparison with conventional resistance training programmes. Additionally, the effectiveness of walking with and without BFR was assessed.


Methods:

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The systematic literature research was performed in the following electronic databases from inception to 1 June 2018: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and CENTRAL. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-analysis with inverse variance weighting was conducted.


Results:

A total of 2658 articles were screened, and 11 studies with a total population of N = 238 were included in the meta-analysis. Our results revealed that during both low-load training and walking, the addition of BFR elicits significantly greater improvements in muscular strength with pooled effect sizes (ES) of 2.16 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.70) and 3.09 (95% CI 2.04 to 4.14), respectively. Muscle mass was also increased when comparing walking with and without BFR [ES 1.82 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.32)]. In comparison with high-load training, LL-BFR promotes similar muscle hypertrophy [ES 0.21 (95% CI – 0.14 to 0.56)] but lower strength gains [ES – 0.42 (95% CI – 0.70 to – 0.14)].


Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis reveals that LL-BFR and walking with BFR is an effective interventional approach to stimulate muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in older populations. As BFR literature is still scarce with regard to potential moderator variables (e.g. sex, cuff pressure or training volume/frequency), further research is needed for strengthening the evidence for an effective application of LL-BFR training in older people.

Conflict of interest statement

Christoph Centner, Patrick Wiegel, Albert Gollhofer and Daniel König declare that they have no conflict of interest relevant to the content of this review.

Figures

Fig. 1

Flow chart presenting the search…

Fig. 1

Flow chart presenting the search process and study selection


Fig. 1

Flow chart presenting the search process and study selection

Fig. 2

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 2

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus HL training on muscular strength. …


Fig. 2

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus HL training on muscular strength. Different letters for the same study represent different muscular strength assessment methods. CI confidence interval, HL high-load, IV inverse variance, LL-BFR low-load blood flow restriction, Random random effects model

Fig. 3

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 3

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus HL training on muscle mass.…


Fig. 3

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus HL training on muscle mass. Different letters for the same study represent different assessment methods for muscle mass. CI confidence interval, HL high-load, IV inverse variance, LL-BFR low-load blood flow restriction, Random random effects model

Fig. 4

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 4

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus LL training on muscular strength.…


Fig. 4

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus LL training on muscular strength. Different letters for the same study represent different muscular strength assessment methods. CI confidence interval, IV inverse variance, LL low-load, LL-BFR low-load blood flow restriction, Random random effects model

Fig. 5

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 5

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of walking + BFR versus normal walking on…


Fig. 5

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of walking + BFR versus normal walking on muscular strength. Different letters for the same study represent different muscular strength assessment methods. BFR blood flow restriction, CI confidence interval, IV inverse variance, Random random effects model

Fig. 6

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 6

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of walking + BFR versus normal walking on…


Fig. 6

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of walking + BFR versus normal walking on muscle mass. Different letters for the same study represent different muscle mass assessment methods. BFR blood flow restriction, CI confidence interval, IV inverse variance, Random random effects model

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Blood pressure in a child: norm and pathology

Speaking of high blood pressure, we usually imagine a middle-aged or elderly person with hypertension.

Speaking of high blood pressure, we usually imagine a middle-aged or elderly person with hypertension.

However, pressure problems can also occur in childhood. We are talking about this today with the neurologist of LLC “Expert Tula Clinic” Sycheva Anna Georgievna.

－ Anna Georgievna, first of all, I would like to know what is upper and lower blood pressure?

Upper pressure, called systolic in medical practice, is the pressure that occurs during the contraction phase of the heart muscle (systole). Lower, or diastolic, is the pressure that occurs during the relaxation phase of the heart muscle (diastole).

－ What are the age norms for blood pressure in children?

Like many indicators in the human body, systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) pressure has its own minimum and maximum normal values. They are measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

For example, in newborns, the norm indicators are:

– minimum systolic – 60 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 40 mm Hg.

– maximum systolic – 90 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 50 mm Hg.

By the age of one month:

– minimum systolic – 80 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 40 mm Hg.

– maximum systolic – 96 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 60 mm Hg.

By year:

– minimum systolic – 90 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 50 mm Hg.

– maximum systolic – 112 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 74 mm Hg.

After a year and up to 10-12 years, normal pressure does not change significantly.

By the age of 10-12 there are such normal indicators:

– minimum systolic – 110 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 70 mmHg

– maximum systolic – 126 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 82 mm Hg.

At 13-15 years old:

– minimum systolic – 110 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 70 mm Hg.

– maximum systolic – 136 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 86 mm Hg.

－ When can changes in blood pressure in children be considered normal, and when should a doctor be consulted?

It may vary depending on various factors. For example, in the morning, its indicators may be closer to the minimum normal (physiological) limits, and increase during the day depending on the level of physical activity, the presence of stress factors, overwork, etc. If the numbers are within the physiological limits, then everything is in order, but if not, this is a reason to consult a doctor.

－ Tell me, what can cause abnormalities in blood pressure in children?

If we talk about its decrease, which develops not due to blood loss (for example, with injuries and other acute serious conditions), then it can be observed during or after colds, with physical and mental overload, living in highlands ( is an adaptation to the environment), autonomic vascular disorders.

The reasons for high blood pressure in a child are much more numerous. There are whole groups of diseases in which arterial hypertension occurs. These are some pathologies of the cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system, kidneys and adrenal glands.

The most common causes of hypertension in children are obesity, hormonal dysfunction during adolescence, and autonomic vascular disorders.

－ What are the symptoms of high and low blood pressure in children?

We will not consider signs of hypotension during blood loss. In other cases, among the main manifestations: headache, dizziness, increased fatigue, decreased performance.

Hypertension is no less common in children, especially in adolescence, but its symptoms (headache, dizziness, nausea), compared to adults, are mild. It is all the more important for parents to remember this, especially if there are predisposing factors or diagnosed diseases. Among them, for example, the load during sports, transitional adolescence, overweight, chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, etc. Such children should measure the pressure even in the complete absence of complaints on their part.

－ Please tell me how to measure the pressure of a child?

Optimum conditions must be met for testing. First, the room must be quiet; secondly, it is better if the child sits steadily on a chair, his legs are not crossed. For children under two years of age, the procedure is performed lying down. And finally, the child’s hand should lie quietly on the table or side table, the cuff of the device should be at the level of the heart, the angle between the shoulder and forearm should be 90 degrees.

Children’s tonometer is used for measurement. Its cuff is superimposed on the region of the brachial artery, 2-3 cm above the elbow. The index finger of the hand should pass between the skin of the shoulder and the cuff. A phonendoscope is placed on the area of ​​the cubital fossa. After closing the valve of the device, air is pumped into the cuff until the pulse beats completely disappear in the phonendoscope and after that a little more (about 30 mm Hg). Then, by slightly opening the valve, the air is slowly released and the arrow of the device is monitored. The moment of the appearance of the first beat, the sound in the tonometer reflects the upper (systolic) pressure. Listening is performed until the sounds disappear completely – this moment shows the lower (diastolic) pressure.

Three full measurements are made, from which the measurement with the minimum values ​​is taken. An interval of at least 15 minutes is observed between measurements.

It is also acceptable to use semi-automatic digital blood pressure monitors, where the upper and lower digits are fixed automatically by the device. In any case, before measuring the pressure of a child, you must carefully read the instructions for its use.

－ What problems does abnormal blood pressure indicate in children?

Low blood pressure in a child may, first of all, indicate excessive physical and / or mental stress, disruption of the daily routine, overwork.

If the pressure is elevated, this may indicate both some temporary changes (for example, restructuring of the hormonal and autonomic nervous system), and the presence of diseases that we talked about earlier.

Exceeding the normal range is always a reason to see a doctor, especially for hypertension.

－ Is exercise good for children with hypotension and hypertension?

Sports load – the concept is quite extensive and it is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. In general, there are no significant restrictions with hypotension, however, the load must be increased gradually and under the supervision of a specialist.

Hypertension is another matter. In case of diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, sports are limited, however, the physiotherapy doctor, depending on the specific diagnosis, can choose the appropriate set of physical exercises for the child. With excess body weight, vegetative vascular disorders, a wider range of sports activities are allowed in puberty – for example, walking, running, cycling, football, basketball. Power sports are excluded, as well as those where there are jerky loads. For an individual solution to this issue, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

－ Anna Georgievna, which doctor should I contact if my child has changes in blood pressure?

First of all, to the pediatrician. Already at this stage, he can prescribe clarifying studies, according to the results of which, if necessary, he will refer you to narrow specialists: a cardiologist, neurologist, nephrologist, endocrinologist.

For reference

Sycheva Anna Georgievna

Graduate of the pediatric faculty of the Astrakhan State Medical Institute named after A.V. Lunacharskogo 1981 years old (currently – Astrakhan State Medical University).

In 1982 she completed her internship at the 1st Moscow Medical Institute. THEM. Sechenov with a degree in Pediatrics.

In 1995, she underwent professional retraining at the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute with a degree in Neurology.

Currently working as a neurologist at the Expert Tula Clinic LLC.

The benefits and harms of zucchini: 13 reasons to love this vegetable – Useful articles – tsn.ua

Why zucchini is useful, and to whom they are contraindicated, we tell in the material TSN.ua.

Young zucchini is popularly called a natural medicine. By the number of useful properties, zucchini is compared with cucumber or green leaf lettuce. Useful properties of zucchini are used in a variety of areas. Even in cosmetology, zucchini seeds are actively used as part of creams, not to mention traditional medicine.

Benefits of zucchini

  1. Eating zucchini does not irritate the stomach and intestines, so they are useful for people with problems with the gastrointestinal tract. They can be used even when digestive problems worsen, when a medical diet is needed.
  2. Zucchini contain potassium , which is necessary for the work of the heart muscle, as well as for recovery after illness.
  3. Zucchini is recommended to use for hypertension.
  4. Zucchini is useful for liver diseases.
  5. Zucchini juice is capable of calm the nervous system , because it contains an important combination of vitamin B6 and magnesium for its health.
  6. Zucchini is an excellent diuretic that helps with swelling.
  7. Zucchini has antiallergic properties .
  8. Sugar and trace elements contained in zucchini are useful for diabetics .
  9. The property of zucchini, which helps to remove excess salt from the body, is useful for arthritis. Regular consumption of zucchini helps to improve the functioning of the joints.
  10. 100 g of zucchini provides the daily requirement of the body for silicon . This component is involved in the production of collagen in the body, which is responsible for skin elasticity and joint health.
  11. Another advantage and benefit of zucchini is the content of cobalt. This micronutrient is involved in metabolism and amino acid synthesis, and is also required for health pancreas.
  12. Zucchini is a good cleanser. To free the body from toxins, it is enough to consume 200 g of zucchini daily for a week.
  13. Zucchini removes excess fluid from the body, helps women fight such a problem as cellulite. Zucchini is one of the most popular dietary low-calorie foods – 100 grams of zucchini contains only 24 kilocalories.

Benefits of zucchini for women

Zucchini has a positive effect on the reproductive system, improves ovarian function, reduces inflammation in the pelvic organs, reduces pain during critical days. For women suffering from mood swings during menopause, the use of zucchini will help normalize the state of the body, increase hemoglobin.

Zucchini – benefits for men

Zucchini is also no less useful for the male reproductive system. It normalizes potency, increases testosterone levels, restores male strength, and helps to avoid many urological problems.

Benefits of zucchini for pregnant women and children

Zucchini contains almost everything that is needed for the health of a child and a future mother. Vitamin A is responsible for the formation of all organs and systems of the child, B vitamins affect the development of the central nervous system of the fetus, improve the nervous system of the child. Vitamin C strengthens the immune system and helps fight viruses. Calcium improves the condition of teeth, nails and hair. Potassium and sodium normalize the water balance and remove excess fluid, which is usually important for pregnant women. Magnesium strengthens the cardiovascular system. Pectin has a positive effect on the functioning of the intestines, improving its peristalsis. For children at an early age, often suffering from constipation, zucchini should be regularly added to the daily diet.