108 49 blood pressure: Blood Pressure 108 over 49

09.08.202304.07.2023 by alexxlab

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108/49 blood pressure – is it good or bad?

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Maintaining a healthy blood pressure throughout your life is one of the most important things you can do for long-term health and longevity. Whether you’re looking up a blood pressure of 108/49 for yourself or a loved one or simply out of your own curiosity, you’re taking the right steps by being informed and empowering yourself or someone else to be their own best advocate.

According to the American Heart Association, a blood pressure reading of 108/49 would be considered
hypotension, or low blood pressure. Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is defined by a systolic reading (the top number) of less than 90 or a diastolic reading (the bottom number) of less than 60. Low blood pressure generally isn’t considered an issue unless it causes symptoms (such as dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting) or unless it drops suddenly.

Okay, now you know how to classify a blood pressure of 108/49, but now what do you do with that information? Read on to learn more or look up another blood pressure reading.

What is a good blood pressure reading?

According to the American Heart Association, a normal blood pressure reading is lower than 120/80. While there is no specific number for low blood pressure, most experts say blood pressure is too low when it causes symptoms or drops suddenly. In general, though, low blood pressure can be considered anything under 90/60.

How do you measure blood pressure?

In a doctor’s office, blood pressure is traditionally taken manually by a doctor or nurse with a sphygmomanometer. A sphygmomanometer is a medical instrument with an inflatable cuff and pressure meter or dial. The sphygmomanometer is placed snugly around the upper arm and is inflated by hand, and the doctor or nurse listens to the brachial artery with a stethoscope as they gradually reduce the pressure of the cuff. When the whooshing sound of blood is first heard through the stethoscope, the doctor or nurse makes note of the reading on the pressure meter. This indicates the systolic blood pressure reading. When the sound disappears, the reading on the pressure meter indicates the diastolic pressure reading.

Blood pressure can also be taken at home using a number of a digital devices. They typically consist of an inflatable cuff and digital display and simply work by placing the cuff around the upper arm and pressing a button, after which the cuff inflatess, deflates, and displays a reading. The most popular blood pressure machines for home use are made by Omron, Beurer, and Paramed, amongst many others.

One thing to keep in mind is that blood pressure can vary by time of day and activity level, so if you’re taking it at home it’s important to check it around the same time each day and rest for a few minutes ahead of time to limit as many variables as possible. It can also be affected by eating.

Blood pressure tends to rise in the hours before waking and then drop in the afternoon and evening before dropping to its lowest point while sleeping, so one popular recommendation is to check it just after waking up and just before bed to identify trends in how it varies from morning until night. Because of this, you might find that if your blood pressure is 108/49 in the morning, it might be lower before bed, and vice versa. Of course, these are just general rules of thumb and may vary by the individual.

Relevant HSA expenses

If you have an HSA as part of your health insurance plan, you’ll be pleased to find that blood pressure monitors, blood pressure cuffs, and wrist blood pressure monitors are all eligible, including smart blood pressure monitors like the offerings from Qardio and Withings.

How the heck do you pronounce sphygmomanometer?

Sphygmomanometer is pronounced sfig-moh-muh-‘nah-mi-ter. Easy!

Explore blood pressure readings similar to 108/49

The following table shows related blood pressure readings because sometimes just one number can make all the difference.

Please note that if a field is blank, it’s not an accident—it simply means a record doesn’t exist for that particular blood pressure. This could be because going forward or backward would create a blood pressure reading that wouldn’t make sense, or because that blood pressure simply doesn’t exist in our records.

← Prev systolic num	Next systolic num →
107/49 blood pressure	109/49 blood pressure

← Prev diastolic num	Next diastolic num →
108/48 blood pressure	108/50 blood pressure

Sources

Understanding blood pressure readings – American Heart Association
High blood pressure – Mayo Clinic
Get the most out of home blood pressure monitoring – Mayo Clinic
Blood pressure – Wikipedia
How to pronounce sphygmomanometer – Dictionary.com

Disclaimer

The information on this page is intended to be an educational reference and is not to be taken as medical advice. If you think you’re having a hypertensive or hypotensive emergency, or if you’re having any kind of medical emergency, please call 911 immediately.

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Meta-Analysis

. 2019 Jan;49(1):95-108.

doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1.

Christoph Centner¹, Patrick Wiegel^{2

3}, Albert Gollhofer², Daniel König²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [email protected].
² Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
³ Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

PMID:
30306467
PMCID:
PMC6349784
DOI:
10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1

Free PMC article

Meta-Analysis

Christoph Centner et al.

Sports Med.

2019 Jan.

Free PMC article

. 2019 Jan;49(1):95-108.

doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1.

Authors

Christoph Centner¹, Patrick Wiegel^{2

3}, Albert Gollhofer², Daniel König²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [email protected].
² Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
³ Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

PMID:
30306467
PMCID:
PMC6349784
DOI:
10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1

Abstract

Background:

The combination of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has recently been shown to promote muscular adaptations in various populations. To date, however, evidence is sparse on how this training regimen influences muscle mass and strength in older adults.

Purpose:

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively identify the effects of low-load BFR (LL-BFR) training on muscle mass and strength in older individuals in comparison with conventional resistance training programmes. Additionally, the effectiveness of walking with and without BFR was assessed.

Methods:

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The systematic literature research was performed in the following electronic databases from inception to 1 June 2018: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and CENTRAL. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-analysis with inverse variance weighting was conducted.

Results:

A total of 2658 articles were screened, and 11 studies with a total population of N = 238 were included in the meta-analysis. Our results revealed that during both low-load training and walking, the addition of BFR elicits significantly greater improvements in muscular strength with pooled effect sizes (ES) of 2.16 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.70) and 3.09 (95% CI 2.04 to 4.14), respectively. Muscle mass was also increased when comparing walking with and without BFR [ES 1.82 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.32)]. In comparison with high-load training, LL-BFR promotes similar muscle hypertrophy [ES 0.21 (95% CI – 0.14 to 0.56)] but lower strength gains [ES – 0.42 (95% CI – 0.70 to – 0.14)].

Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis reveals that LL-BFR and walking with BFR is an effective interventional approach to stimulate muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in older populations. As BFR literature is still scarce with regard to potential moderator variables (e.g. sex, cuff pressure or training volume/frequency), further research is needed for strengthening the evidence for an effective application of LL-BFR training in older people.

Conflict of interest statement

Christoph Centner, Patrick Wiegel, Albert Gollhofer and Daniel König declare that they have no conflict of interest relevant to the content of this review.

Figures

Fig. 1

Flow chart presenting the search…

Fig. 1

Flow chart presenting the search process and study selection

Fig. 1

Flow chart presenting the search process and study selection

Fig. 2

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 2

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus HL training on muscular strength. …

Fig. 2

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus HL training on muscular strength. Different letters for the same study represent different muscular strength assessment methods. CI confidence interval, HL high-load, IV inverse variance, LL-BFR low-load blood flow restriction, Random random effects model

Fig. 3

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 3

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus HL training on muscle mass.…

Fig. 3

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus HL training on muscle mass. Different letters for the same study represent different assessment methods for muscle mass. CI confidence interval, HL high-load, IV inverse variance, LL-BFR low-load blood flow restriction, Random random effects model

Fig. 4

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 4

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus LL training on muscular strength.…

Fig. 4

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of LL-BFR versus LL training on muscular strength. Different letters for the same study represent different muscular strength assessment methods. CI confidence interval, IV inverse variance, LL low-load, LL-BFR low-load blood flow restriction, Random random effects model

Fig. 5

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 5

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of walking + BFR versus normal walking on…

Fig. 5

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of walking + BFR versus normal walking on muscular strength. Different letters for the same study represent different muscular strength assessment methods. BFR blood flow restriction, CI confidence interval, IV inverse variance, Random random effects model

Fig. 6

Forest plot demonstrating the effects…

Fig. 6

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of walking + BFR versus normal walking on…

Fig. 6

Forest plot demonstrating the effects of walking + BFR versus normal walking on muscle mass. Different letters for the same study represent different muscle mass assessment methods. BFR blood flow restriction, CI confidence interval, IV inverse variance, Random random effects model

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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McClean ZJ, Zhang J, Khaledi N, Yacoub M, Aboodarda SJ.
McClean ZJ, et al.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2023 Jun 6. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05242-z. Online ahead of print.
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References

1. Slysz J, Stultz J, Burr JF. The efficacy of blood flow restricted exercise: a systematic review & meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2016;19(8):669–675. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.09.005.
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  PubMed
1. Hughes L, Paton B, Rosenblatt B, Gissane C, Patterson SD. Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(13):1003–1011. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097071.
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1. Scott BR, Loenneke JP, Slattery KM, Dascombe BJ. Exercise with blood flow restriction: an updated evidence-based approach for enhanced muscular development. Sports Med. 2015;45(3):313–325. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0288-1.
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1. Karabulut M, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben MG. The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on leg muscle strength in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(1):147–155. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1204-5.
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1. Takarada T, Takazawa H, Sato Y, Takebayashi S, Tanaka Y, Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88:2097–2106. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2097.
  –
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Publication types

MeSH terms

Blood pressure in a child: norm and pathology

Speaking of high blood pressure, we usually imagine a middle-aged or elderly person with hypertension.

However, pressure problems can also occur in childhood. We are talking about this today with the neurologist of LLC “Expert Tula Clinic” Sycheva Anna Georgievna.

－ Anna Georgievna, first of all, I would like to know what is upper and lower blood pressure?

Upper pressure, called systolic in medical practice, is the pressure that occurs during the contraction phase of the heart muscle (systole). Lower, or diastolic, is the pressure that occurs during the relaxation phase of the heart muscle (diastole).

－ What are the age norms for blood pressure in children?

Like many indicators in the human body, systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) pressure has its own minimum and maximum normal values. They are measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

For example, in newborns, the norm indicators are:

– minimum systolic – 60 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 40 mm Hg.

– maximum systolic – 90 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 50 mm Hg.

By the age of one month:

– minimum systolic – 80 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 40 mm Hg.

– maximum systolic – 96 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 60 mm Hg.

By year:

– minimum systolic – 90 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 50 mm Hg.

– maximum systolic – 112 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 74 mm Hg.

After a year and up to 10-12 years, normal pressure does not change significantly.

By the age of 10-12 there are such normal indicators:

– minimum systolic – 110 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 70 mmHg

– maximum systolic – 126 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 82 mm Hg.

At 13-15 years old:

– minimum systolic – 110 mm Hg.

– minimum diastolic – 70 mm Hg.

– maximum systolic – 136 mm Hg.

– maximum diastolic – 86 mm Hg.

－ When can changes in blood pressure in children be considered normal, and when should a doctor be consulted?

It may vary depending on various factors. For example, in the morning, its indicators may be closer to the minimum normal (physiological) limits, and increase during the day depending on the level of physical activity, the presence of stress factors, overwork, etc. If the numbers are within the physiological limits, then everything is in order, but if not, this is a reason to consult a doctor.

－ Tell me, what can cause abnormalities in blood pressure in children?

If we talk about its decrease, which develops not due to blood loss (for example, with injuries and other acute serious conditions), then it can be observed during or after colds, with physical and mental overload, living in highlands ( is an adaptation to the environment), autonomic vascular disorders.

The reasons for high blood pressure in a child are much more numerous. There are whole groups of diseases in which arterial hypertension occurs. These are some pathologies of the cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system, kidneys and adrenal glands.

The most common causes of hypertension in children are obesity, hormonal dysfunction during adolescence, and autonomic vascular disorders.

－ What are the symptoms of high and low blood pressure in children?

We will not consider signs of hypotension during blood loss. In other cases, among the main manifestations: headache, dizziness, increased fatigue, decreased performance.

Hypertension is no less common in children, especially in adolescence, but its symptoms (headache, dizziness, nausea), compared to adults, are mild. It is all the more important for parents to remember this, especially if there are predisposing factors or diagnosed diseases. Among them, for example, the load during sports, transitional adolescence, overweight, chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, etc. Such children should measure the pressure even in the complete absence of complaints on their part.

－ Please tell me how to measure the pressure of a child?

Optimum conditions must be met for testing. First, the room must be quiet; secondly, it is better if the child sits steadily on a chair, his legs are not crossed. For children under two years of age, the procedure is performed lying down. And finally, the child’s hand should lie quietly on the table or side table, the cuff of the device should be at the level of the heart, the angle between the shoulder and forearm should be 90 degrees.

Children’s tonometer is used for measurement. Its cuff is superimposed on the region of the brachial artery, 2-3 cm above the elbow. The index finger of the hand should pass between the skin of the shoulder and the cuff. A phonendoscope is placed on the area of the cubital fossa. After closing the valve of the device, air is pumped into the cuff until the pulse beats completely disappear in the phonendoscope and after that a little more (about 30 mm Hg). Then, by slightly opening the valve, the air is slowly released and the arrow of the device is monitored. The moment of the appearance of the first beat, the sound in the tonometer reflects the upper (systolic) pressure. Listening is performed until the sounds disappear completely – this moment shows the lower (diastolic) pressure.

Three full measurements are made, from which the measurement with the minimum values is taken. An interval of at least 15 minutes is observed between measurements.

It is also acceptable to use semi-automatic digital blood pressure monitors, where the upper and lower digits are fixed automatically by the device. In any case, before measuring the pressure of a child, you must carefully read the instructions for its use.

－ What problems does abnormal blood pressure indicate in children?

Low blood pressure in a child may, first of all, indicate excessive physical and / or mental stress, disruption of the daily routine, overwork.

If the pressure is elevated, this may indicate both some temporary changes (for example, restructuring of the hormonal and autonomic nervous system), and the presence of diseases that we talked about earlier.

Exceeding the normal range is always a reason to see a doctor, especially for hypertension.

－ Is exercise good for children with hypotension and hypertension?

Sports load – the concept is quite extensive and it is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. In general, there are no significant restrictions with hypotension, however, the load must be increased gradually and under the supervision of a specialist.

Hypertension is another matter. In case of diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, sports are limited, however, the physiotherapy doctor, depending on the specific diagnosis, can choose the appropriate set of physical exercises for the child. With excess body weight, vegetative vascular disorders, a wider range of sports activities are allowed in puberty – for example, walking, running, cycling, football, basketball. Power sports are excluded, as well as those where there are jerky loads. For an individual solution to this issue, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

－ Anna Georgievna, which doctor should I contact if my child has changes in blood pressure?

First of all, to the pediatrician. Already at this stage, he can prescribe clarifying studies, according to the results of which, if necessary, he will refer you to narrow specialists: a cardiologist, neurologist, nephrologist, endocrinologist.

For reference

Sycheva Anna Georgievna

Graduate of the pediatric faculty of the Astrakhan State Medical Institute named after A.V. Lunacharskogo 1981 years old (currently – Astrakhan State Medical University).

In 1982 she completed her internship at the 1st Moscow Medical Institute. THEM. Sechenov with a degree in Pediatrics.

In 1995, she underwent professional retraining at the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute with a degree in Neurology.

Currently working as a neurologist at the Expert Tula Clinic LLC.

The benefits and harms of zucchini: 13 reasons to love this vegetable – Useful articles – tsn.ua

Why zucchini is useful, and to whom they are contraindicated, we tell in the material TSN.ua.

Young zucchini is popularly called a natural medicine. By the number of useful properties, zucchini is compared with cucumber or green leaf lettuce. Useful properties of zucchini are used in a variety of areas. Even in cosmetology, zucchini seeds are actively used as part of creams, not to mention traditional medicine.

Benefits of zucchini

Eating zucchini does not irritate the stomach and intestines, so they are useful for people with problems with the gastrointestinal tract. They can be used even when digestive problems worsen, when a medical diet is needed.
Zucchini contain potassium , which is necessary for the work of the heart muscle, as well as for recovery after illness.
Zucchini is recommended to use for hypertension.
Zucchini is useful for liver diseases.
Zucchini juice is capable of calm the nervous system , because it contains an important combination of vitamin B6 and magnesium for its health.
Zucchini is an excellent diuretic that helps with swelling.
Zucchini has antiallergic properties .
Sugar and trace elements contained in zucchini are useful for diabetics .
The property of zucchini, which helps to remove excess salt from the body, is useful for arthritis. Regular consumption of zucchini helps to improve the functioning of the joints.
100 g of zucchini provides the daily requirement of the body for silicon . This component is involved in the production of collagen in the body, which is responsible for skin elasticity and joint health.
Another advantage and benefit of zucchini is the content of cobalt. This micronutrient is involved in metabolism and amino acid synthesis, and is also required for health pancreas.
Zucchini is a good cleanser. To free the body from toxins, it is enough to consume 200 g of zucchini daily for a week.
Zucchini removes excess fluid from the body, helps women fight such a problem as cellulite. Zucchini is one of the most popular dietary low-calorie foods – 100 grams of zucchini contains only 24 kilocalories.

Benefits of zucchini for women

Zucchini has a positive effect on the reproductive system, improves ovarian function, reduces inflammation in the pelvic organs, reduces pain during critical days. For women suffering from mood swings during menopause, the use of zucchini will help normalize the state of the body, increase hemoglobin.

Zucchini – benefits for men

Zucchini is also no less useful for the male reproductive system. It normalizes potency, increases testosterone levels, restores male strength, and helps to avoid many urological problems.

Benefits of zucchini for pregnant women and children

Zucchini contains almost everything that is needed for the health of a child and a future mother. Vitamin A is responsible for the formation of all organs and systems of the child, B vitamins affect the development of the central nervous system of the fetus, improve the nervous system of the child. Vitamin C strengthens the immune system and helps fight viruses. Calcium improves the condition of teeth, nails and hair. Potassium and sodium normalize the water balance and remove excess fluid, which is usually important for pregnant women. Magnesium strengthens the cardiovascular system. Pectin has a positive effect on the functioning of the intestines, improving its peristalsis. For children at an early age, often suffering from constipation, zucchini should be regularly added to the daily diet.

108 49 blood pressure: Blood Pressure 108 over 49

108/49 blood pressure – is it good or bad?

What is a good blood pressure reading?

More information about a blood pressure reading of 108/49

How do you measure blood pressure?

Relevant HSA expenses

How the heck do you pronounce sphygmomanometer?

Explore blood pressure readings similar to 108/49

Sources

Disclaimer

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Affiliations

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Blood pressure in a child: norm and pathology

The benefits and harms of zucchini: 13 reasons to love this vegetable – Useful articles – tsn.ua

Benefits of zucchini

Benefits of zucchini for women

Zucchini – benefits for men

Benefits of zucchini for pregnant women and children

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