Causes and when to see a doctor

Many conditions can cause pain in the sternum, including injuries, pneumonia, bronchitis, and costochondritis. Gastrointestinal problems, such as acid reflux, can cause pain behind the sternum.

People may believe that their sternum pain is a heart attack symptom. However, it is possible to differentiate the two.

In this article, learn about the causes of sternum pain and the differences between sternum pain and heart problems.

The sternum is a flat T-shaped bone that sits at the front of the chest and connects to the ribs with cartilage. It forms part of the rib cage, a series of bones that protects the heart and lungs from injuries.

People often refer to the sternum as the breastbone.

Sternum pain can result from problems with muscles and bones near the sternum, as well as the sternum itself.

Substernal pain is discomfort occurring behind or below the sternum. It often results from gastrointestinal conditions.

Some of the most common causes of sternum and substernal pain are:

• costochondritis
• sternum fracture
• sternoclavicular joint injury
• collarbone injuries
• muscular strain or bruise
• hernia
• acid reflux
• pleurisy
• bronchitis
• pneumonia

Costochondritis is inflammation of the cartilage between the sternum and ribs. The medical term for this area is the costochondral joint.

The symptoms of costochondritis include:

• sharp pain on the side of the sternum area
• pain that worsens with a deep breath or a cough
• discomfort in the ribs

Inflammation in the costochondral joint may occur due to injury, infection, or irritation. A person may experience costochondritis due to:

• impact trauma
• respiratory tract infections
• severe coughing
• physical strains

Learn more about costochondritis here.

Like fractures in other parts of the body, sternum fractures can cause a lot of pain. Sternum fractures usually occur as a direct result of trauma, such as a car accident or sports injury.

People who believe they may have a sternum fracture should seek immediate medical attention in case of additional damage to the heart and lungs.

Symptoms of a sternum fracture include:

• pain during inhaling or coughing
• swelling over the sternum
• difficulty breathing

Learn more about fractures here.

The sternoclavicular joint connects the top of the sternum to the collarbone. Injuries to this joint generally cause pain and discomfort at the top of the sternum in the upper chest area.

People experiencing sternum pain due to a sternoclavicular joint injury will often experience the following:

• mild pain or swelling in the upper chest area
• difficulty or pain when moving the shoulder
• popping or clicking around the joint

The collarbone connects to the top corners of the sternum by cartilage. Due to the direct connection between the two structures, injuries to the collarbone may cause pain in the sternum area.

Collarbone trauma

Impact and stress trauma can damage, or even fracture, a person’s collarbone. Collarbone trauma may affect its connection to the sternum and the surrounding musculature. This may mean a person feels pain either in or around their sternum.

Depending on the location of collarbone trauma, other symptoms may include:

• severe pain when raising the arm
• bruising or swelling in the upper chest area
• abnormal positioning or sagging of the shoulder
• clicking and grinding in the shoulder joint

A great many muscles connect to the sternum and ribs. Injuries or trauma can result in bruising these muscles, which may cause them to ache. Strenuous or repetitive movements can also cause strains in these muscles.

Learn more about muscle strains here.

Most hernias occur in the abdomen. However, a hiatal hernia can affect the chest area and cause substernal pain.

A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach moves past the diaphragm and into the chest. Symptoms of a hiatal hernia include:

• frequent burping
• heartburn
• vomiting blood
• a feeling of fullness
• trouble swallowing

People with substernal pain and symptoms of a hiatal hernia should see a doctor for prompt treatment.

Learn more about hernias here.

Acid reflux happens when stomach acid wears away the lining of the windpipe (esophagus). This happens primarily in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Acid reflux may cause substernal pain and discomfort in the chest.

Pain in this region can also result from inflammation or a spasm of the windpipe. People with GERD should talk with their doctor about preventing further damage to this area.

Learn the difference between heartburn, acid reflux, and GERD here.

Pleura are sheets of tissue between the lungs and ribcage. Inflammation to these tissues is pleurisy.

Pleurisy can cause a sharp, stabbing pain at the site of irritation, which may worsen if a person breathes deeply, coughs, or wheezes.

If inflammation occurs toward the upper middle chest, pleurisy may cause substernal pain.

Learn more about pleurisy here.

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the primary airways of the lungs. The condition can cause:

• chest pain
• severe coughing spells
• shortness of breath
• wheezing

Inflammation of the primary airways may cause substernal pain.

Learn more about bronchitis here.

Pneumonia is a common lung infection that causes air sacs in the lungs to inflame and fill with fluid. The medical term for these air sacs is alveoli.

Pneumonia can cause sharp chest pains, which a person may feel behind their sternum.

Other symptoms of pneumonia include.

• severe coughing
• shortness of breath
• fever
• sweating
• nausea and vomiting
• loss of appetite
• confusion

Infectious bacteria, viruses and fungi can cause pneumonia.

Learn more about pneumonia here.

Symptoms of sternum pain vary depending on the cause. The most common symptom is discomfort and pain in the center of the chest, which is the location of the sternum.

Other associated symptoms may include:

• pain or discomfort in the ribs
• pain that worsens during deep breathing or coughing
• mild, aching pain in the upper chest
• swelling in the upper chest
• stiffness in the shoulder joints
• severe pain when raising the arms
• signs of collarbone trauma, such as bruising or swelling
• difficulty breathing
• grinding or popping sensation in joints near the sternum
• frequent belching
• heartburn
• feeling too full
• throwing up blood

People experiencing chest pain may worry they are having a heart attack. However, sternum pain differs from heart attack pain.

People who are having a heart attack experience specific signs before the heart attack itself, whereas most sternum pain starts suddenly.

A heart attack often occurs with the following symptoms:

• pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the center of the chest
• sweating
• nausea
• shortness of breath
• lightheadedness

However, anyone who thinks they are having a heart attack should seek immediate medical attention.

While sternum pain is not usually serious, there are some causes of sternum pain that require immediate medical attention.

A person should seek emergency medical attention if the pain:

• started as a result of direct trauma
• is accompanied by heart attack symptoms
• is persistent and does not improve over time
• is accompanied by intense vomiting or vomiting blood

A person should also speak to a doctor if the pain in their sternum gets worse or does not improve over time.

Physical trauma, costochondritis, and muscle strains are common causes of sternum pain.

Conditions such as pneumonia, pleurisy and GERD can also cause pain in nearby tissue that people may mistake for sternum pain.

Read the article in Spanish.

What causes pain behind your sternum?

This is an automatically translated article.

Posted by Master, Doctor Mai Vien Phuong – Department of Examination & Internal Medicine – Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital

The sternum connects the two sides of your rib cage together. The sternum lies in front of many major organs located in the ribcage and intestines, including the heart, lungs, and stomach. As a result, many conditions unrelated to the sternum can cause pain in the breastbone and surrounding area.

1. Is this the cause?

Your first reaction to chest pain, especially severe or constant chest pain, may be to think it’s a heart attack. But in many cases, chest pain has nothing to do with your heart. This is especially true if you’re under 40 and don’t have any serious existing health problems or conditions.
Sternum pain is actually more likely to be caused by conditions involving your muscles, bones, or digestive tract than by the heart or the breastbone itself.

2. Osteoarthritis is the most common cause

The most common cause of sternum pain is sternitis, when the cartilage that connects the ribs to the breastbone becomes inflamed.
Symptoms of osteitis include:
Sharp or stabbing pain on one side of the sternum area Pain or discomfort in one or more ribs Pain or discomfort that gets worse when you cough or take a deep breath Osteoarthritis doesn’t always have a specific cause, but it’s often the result of chest trauma, stress from physical activity, or joint conditions like osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is not a serious condition and should not cause concern.
See a doctor if pain persists or if you have other symptoms that may indicate a more serious underlying condition.

Bạn không cần phải lo lắng nếu thấy có dấu hiệu của viêm xương ức

3. What other musculoskeletal conditions cause sternum pain?

Conditions or injuries to the muscles and bones around the sternum can also cause sternum pain.
This includes:
Joint trauma Injury to the collarbone (clavicle) Fracture Hernia Surgery on the sternum (such as open heart surgery) This is not the only musculoskeletal condition that can cause bone loss Your breasts are damaged, but they are among the most common.
Injury to the sternum joint The sternum joint (SC joint) connects the top of the sternum to the collarbone (clavicle). Damage to this joint can cause pain and discomfort in the sternum and the upper chest area where this joint is located.
Common symptoms of this joint injury include:
Feeling mild pain or tenderness and swelling around your upper chest and collarbone Heard popping or snapping in the joint area Feeling stiffness around the joint or not be able to fully move your shoulder Collar injury The collarbone is directly connected to your sternum, so an injury, dislocation, fracture, or other injury to the collarbone can affect the sternum .
Common symptoms of a collarbone injury include:
Bruises or bumps around the collarbone injury area Severe pain when you try to move your arm upwards Swelling or pain around the collarbone area On , clicking, or noise when you lift your arm Unusual forward sagging of your shoulder Sternum fracture A sternum fracture can cause a lot of pain, as the sternum is involved in many upper body movements. . This type of injury is usually caused by blunt force trauma to the chest. Examples of this include fastening your seat belt in a car accident or having your chest hit while you are playing sports or performing other high-impact physical activities.
Common symptoms include:
Pain when you breathe in or cough Difficulty breathing Pops, clicks or noises when you move your arm Swelling and pain above the breastbone

Chơi thể thao hoặc va đập mạnh có thể dẫn đến nguy cơ bị gãy xương ức

Muscle strain or hernia Pulling or straining muscles in the chest can cause pain around the sternum.
Common symptoms of a pulled muscle include:
Pain around the pulled muscle Discomfort when using the affected muscle Bruising or pain around the affected muscle A hernia can also cause sternum pain. A hernia occurs when an organ is pushed or pulled from an area where it normally lies into a nearby part of the body.
The most common type is a hiatal hernia. This happens when your stomach moves through your diaphragm into the chest cavity.
Com

4. What gastrointestinal diseases cause pain behind the sternum?

Your sternum is located right in front of several major digestive organs. Conditions that affect your esophagus, stomach, and intestines can all cause sternum pain. Heartburn or acid reflux after meals are the most common gastrointestinal causes of sternum pain.
Heartburn Ợ Sour occurs when acid from the stomach leaks into the esophagus and causes chest pain. It is common to eat immediately after eating. Pain often gets worse when you lie down or lean forward.
sour usually goes away without treatment after a short time.
Acid Reflux Acid reflux is similar to heartburn, but happens when stomach acid or even what’s in your stomach starts to bother or wear down the lining of your esophagus. It may be part of a chronic condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Symptoms of acid reflux include:
Burning in your chest Unusual bitter taste in your mouth Difficulty swallowing Cough Sore throat or hoarseness Feeling like you have a lump in your throat

Trào ngược axit là một trong những nguyên nhân phổ biến nhất gây ra đau xương ức

5.

What respiratory conditions cause retrosternal pain?

Conditions that affect the lungs, windpipe (windpipe), and other parts of the body that help you breathe can cause pain behind the breastbone.
Pleurisy Pleurisy occurs when your pleura becomes inflamed. The pleura is made up of tissue in your chest cavity and around your lungs. In some cases, fluid can build up around this tissue. This is called a pleural effusion.
Common symptoms include:
Sharp pain when you breathe in, sneeze, or cough Feeling like you can’t get enough air Unusual cough Fever (in rare cases) Bronchitis Bronchitis occurs when the bronchial tubes that bring air into the lungs become inflamed. It usually happens when you have the flu or a cold.
Pain from bronchitis can also make your sternum sore when you inhale and exhale. It can last only a short time (acute bronchitis) or become a long-term condition (chronic bronchitis) from smoking or an infection.
Common bronchitis symptoms include:
A persistent dry cough that makes you cough up mucus Wheezing Shortness of breath Pain or discomfort in your chest Flu or cold symptoms can be accompanied by inflammation bronchi include:
High fever Exhaustion Runny nose Diarrhea Vomiting Pneumonia Pneumonia occurs when your lungs become infected with a virus or bacteria.
Common symptoms of pneumonia include:
Shortness of breath High fever Persistent cough

Đau do viêm phế quản cũng khiến cho xương ức của bạn bị đau khi hít thở

6. Can other conditions cause pain behind the sternum?

Other conditions affecting your digestive tract or chest muscles can cause pain behind the sternum.
Stomach ulcers A stomach ulcer (a peptic ulcer) occurs when you have pain on the lining of your stomach or at the bottom of your esophagus.
Symptoms of a stomach ulcer include:
Stomach pain, especially on an empty stomach, response to antacids Feeling bloated Nausea Loss of appetite Panic attack A panic attack occurs when you suddenly feel afraid, as if something dangerous or threatening is happening, with no actual reason to be afraid. It is often the result of stress or a symptom of a mental health condition, such as generalized anxiety disorder or depression.
Symptoms of a panic attack include:
Feeling like something bad is about to happen Feeling dizzy or light-headed Difficulty breathing or swallowing Sweating Alternating sensations of heat and cold Stomach cramps Chest pain Is it a heart attack? Sternum pain can sometimes be the result of a heart attack. This is less likely if you are under 40 or in good overall health. A heart attack will happen if you are over 40 years old and have a pre-existing condition, such as heart disease.
A life-threatening heart attack. You should go to the emergency room right away if you have any symptoms other than breastbone pain that could be signs of a heart attack, especially if they appear without an obvious cause or if you have ever had a heart attack. previous heart attack.
Symptoms of a heart attack include:
Chest pain in the middle or left side of the chest

Đau giữa ngực hoặc bên trái của ngực có thể là dấu hiệu của đau tim

Pain or discomfort in your upper body, including your arms, shoulders and jaw Feeling dizzy or lightheaded Shortness of breath Sweating Nausea The more of these symptoms you have, the more likely you are chances are you are having a heart attack.
When to see your doctor See a doctor immediately if you have heart attack symptoms or symptoms that cause you severe, persistent pain that interferes with your daily life.
You should also see a doctor if you have any of the following symptoms:
Sternum pain and general chest pain without an obvious cause Sweating, dizziness or nausea without a specific cause Shortness of breath Pain spreading from your chest throughout your upper body Chest tightness If you are experiencing other symptoms and they last more than a few days, talk to your doctor.
When suffering from musculoskeletal-related diseases, patients should go to Vinmec International General Hospitals for timely diagnosis and treatment. Vinmec has a Department of Orthopedic Surgery specializing in examination and treatment of traumatic diseases including fractures and dislocations, orthopedic diseases including orthopedic surgeries,… which includes pathologies. on bones and joints: orthopedic treatment for rheumatic diseases in children, osteomyelitis, bone and soft tissue tumors….; some sports injuries such as damage to ligaments, loss of function of the shoulder joint, muscle atrophy. ..

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Creation date: 04/27/2021
Update date: 06/16/2023

Pain in the breasts is not a symptom, which can be characterized not only as unacceptable, but also as anxious. Yogo is called one of the widest drives for training to the doctor. І tse naivіrnіsha reaction – vіdrazu vimagati respect for the medical staff. That is why sometimes an ill attack by the first one signals a serious illness, which requires indispensable help.

Zagalni Vidomosti

Personing the sore of a submarine in the thoracic Klitzi can be familiarized with small problems, such yak non -laid, so I Nabhatato Bilsh Seryoznikh, a lifetime, the attacks of angina picecifardom subarc Maocardium. In any case, it should be respectfully placed before the appearance of such pains, especially associated with physical urges or stressful situations.

Causes of pain in the chest є:

• myocardial infarction may be more frequent than others, with a different degree of severity from mild to intense. Bіl with a heart attack do not pass quickly. It is impossible to take pain syndrome for help and relief. About myocardial infarction, it was remembered that when there were pronounced pains in the chest, with stress and physical anxiety, it was necessary to induce young people to milk.
• attacks of angina pectoris also cause pain until the appearance, which is similar to that in myocardial infarction, however, it is more ill. Most of the attacks of angina are three times approximately 15 minutes.
• the stove can sound like a burning pain behind the sternum.
• anxiety state, panic can include symptoms from the side of the chest, for example, tachycardia (parts, strong beats of the heart), the surface of the breath. Before other symptoms of anxiety, anxiety, fear of the breath, fear of death can be seen.
• Virazkov’s ailment and ailment of the zhovchny mіkhur also call for pain, as it can spread to the chest.
• legenous artery embolism – the presence of a blood clot in the artery, which goes from the heart to the leg. Before the factors of risk of thromboembolism of the legenous artery, surgical intervention for the rest of 6 years, wearing of plaster casts, trivale sitting in airplanes, cars, camps, which surround the friability. Symptoms of thromboembolism include rapt relapses, rapt bleed in the chest, which becomes more and more severe in case of respiratory distress, and sometimes coughing up blood.

Symptoms

Symptoms that appear in major congestion of the chest emptying organs are often similar, but they can sometimes be differentiated.

• An unbearable pain, which irradiates in the neck or hand, indicative of acute ischemia or myocardial infarction. Patients often compare myocardial ischemic pain with dyspepsia.
• Pain, indications for anxiety, which are known in peace, characteristic for angina pectoris.
• Zhahlivyy bіl, scho іrradiyuє in the back, to tell about the expansion of the thoracic aorta.
• A stinging pain that rises from the epigastric tube in the throat, which increases in the supine position and changes when taking antacids, is a sign of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
• High body temperature, chills and cough are indicative of pneumonia.
• Deviated posterior bulging with legenous artery embolism and pneumonia.
• Bіl can be provoked by dihannyam, ruh or by both factors, both in case of important and mild illnesses; qi provocative factors are not specific.
• Short (less than 5 s), hostile, recurrent episodes were rarely a sign of serious pathology.

What can you do to help?

To relieve tension in the chest cavity, take a pain reliever, for example, paracetamol. Apply hot and let the mud relax. If the pain is connected with the intake of їzhi, or else you blame the empty heart, try eating hard.

How can you get a doctor

Tell you about the history of heart disease in your homeland, about the symptoms that are present in these people, and about the medicines you take.

Carry out a look around to find out whether there were any cases of heart disease.

Carry out the necessary obstezhennja, including ECG, test with physical urges, angiography of the coronary vessels (a series of x-rays of the vessels of the heart), follow-up of the drain and other.

Non-gain medical assistance required, as may be available:

• ill at the chest, loss of soundness or cough attack after physical rights;
• pesky white or vice at the chest cleft, which expands on the shoulder, back, neck and lower slit;
• bіl in the chest klitz trivalіstyu ponad 15 min, scho will not get better after resignation;
• bіl i vіdchuttya zdavleniya thoracic clitiny in poddnanny s unstable or accelerated heart rate, superficial breathlessness, tedium or vomit, increased sweating, confusion, restlessness or incontinence;
• rapt strong pain in the breasts and recurrent episodes or coughing up blood.

• be a stove;
• bolus in breast cancer following the intake of hedgehogs, which requires regular intake of antacids.

Prevention of heart attack and angina pectoris

Exercise regularly, walk around. Never in any way start doing sports or physical culture against the backdrop of great adventures. Before taking the cob, see the doctor and change your mind, that the program you have chosen will bring you only mischief.

Look out for the best fit for you.

Treat under controlled risk factors for atherosclerosis, for example, high arterial pressure, cholesterol levels, diabetes.

Patients who suffer from diabetes should have their blood levels checked regularly.

Eat regularly.

Obov’yazkovo regularly see the doctor and carry out the necessary follow-up. Whether it be a problem of health, it is easier to overcome it, or to get into a disease at an early stage.

Wow! Symptom card is recognized as exclusive for lighting purposes. Do not engage in self-deception; with good food, as if you are suffering from illness and ways of yogo rejoicing, go to the doctor. Our site does not bear responsibility for the references, caused by the wrong placement on the new information.

What to do if it hurts in the chest? article on the website of the Transfiguration Clinic

Any pain tells us that something is wrong with our body. Chest pain is one of the most common symptoms that lead to medical attention. Pain, discomfort in the chest area can be symptoms of damage to many organs and systems:

• cardiovascular;
• digestive;
• respiratory;
• musculoskeletal, etc.

To begin with, let’s figure out why such different diseases manifest themselves so similarly. All internal organs of a person are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, the nerve bundles of which depart from the brain, and then branch to all organs. Therefore, sometimes pains in the heart are similar to pains in the esophagus or stomach – they are transmitted to the common bundle, and from it to another organ. In addition, the nerves that control the musculoskeletal system pass there, so osteochondrosis can be manifested by pain behind the sternum.

So, the cause of chest pain can be both serious, for example, myocardial infarction, and quite banal, for example, heartburn. Therefore, you should not postpone visiting a doctor if you experience chest pain.

Angina – real pain in the heart

One of the most common and dangerous causes of chest pain is heart disease. In the first place due to the development of heart pain is angina pectoris. The cause of pain in angina pectoris is a lack of nutrition of the heart muscle, which occurs with a spasm of the heart vessels or an atherosclerotic plaque in them. The onset of pain is usually preceded by physical activity. The pain has a pressing, compressive character, is localized behind the sternum and disappears 5-15 minutes after the cessation of the load or the intake of nitroglycerin. Despite the restored physical well-being, do not forget about a visit to the doctor, because angina pectoris is a precursor of myocardial infarction. To establish the diagnosis of angina pectoris and prescribe appropriate treatment, it is necessary to conduct a complete blood count, a general urinalysis, a biochemical blood test, a lipid spectrum, an ECG, a Holter monitoring, an ultrasound of the heart and blood vessels, a treadmill test, as well as a daily self-monitoring of blood pressure twice a day. day.

A general blood and urine test, a biochemical blood test are prescribed to determine the general condition of the body in order to more accurately calculate the dosage of prescribed drugs. The content of blood lipids indicates the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis, allows you to accurately calculate the dosage of lipid-lowering drugs and further monitor their effectiveness. After an attack, it is imperative to do an ECG in order to immediately exclude myocardial infarction. But after the end of an angina attack, there may not be any changes in the ECG, so it is also necessary to conduct Holter monitoring to track the presence of attacks per day. Ultrasound of the heart and blood vessels will show the existing changes in the heart muscle, the patency of the vessels, which will determine the further tactics of treating the disease. The treadmill test is performed in remission of the disease to determine exercise tolerance.

Always afraid of myocardial infarction

Pain in acute myocardial infarction is very strong, unbearable, sometimes even with the development of pain shock. Patients describe these pains as “like a horse has stepped on the chest”, “like a concrete slab on the chest”. This is often accompanied by a feeling of fear, panic, fear of death. The skin turns pale, intense sweating appears, blood pressure may fall. With the development of myocardial infarction, the pain does not stop as quickly as it happens with angina pectoris, since it is not just a lack of nutrition, but the death of a part of the muscle. The first thing to do is to call an ambulance, since myocardial infarction is an extremely dangerous disease that requires treatment in a hospital. Timely treatment will help reduce the affected area and keep a larger volume of the heart in a healthy state. Also, the development of myocardial infarction is dangerous for its complications: arrhythmias, expansion of the heart cavities, heart aneurysms, the formation of heart failure, and many others.

After discharge from the hospital, it is necessary to continue monitoring your health with a cardiologist. Regular monitoring of cardiac ultrasound, Holter monitoring, blood and urine tests, compliance with treatment recommendations is a guarantee of the absence of relapses.

Heartburn – a wolf in sheep’s clothing

Yes, often the cause of chest pain is diseases of the cardiovascular system, but do not forget about diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The reason for the development of pain in GERD is the reflux of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus, that is, the effect of acid on the lining of the esophagus. Often this is combined with an inflammatory process due to the reproduction in the stomach of a specific bacterium – Helicobacter pylori. With GERD, pain can also be localized behind the sternum and have a burning character. In this case, the pain is not associated with the load, it can be provoked by the intake of certain products, it is aggravated in the supine position or during movements. Taking antacids, the vertical position of the body alleviate the condition. For the diagnosis of GERD, it is necessary to conduct a general blood and urine test, a biochemical blood test, a blood test for antibodies to toxocara, ascaris, giardia and opisthorchia, a stool test, FGS, an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and kidneys. FGS will allow assessing the condition of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, without which it is impossible to correctly establish the diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment. All discomfort during this unpleasant procedure can be minimized with the help of sedation (medicated sleep). Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and kidneys will allow to exclude concomitant pathology, for example, varicose veins of the esophagus, chronic pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, and so on. Despite the seeming safety of heartburn, it is necessary to consult a doctor for treatment, as ulcers and cancer of the esophagus can become a consequence of GERD.

Osteochondrosis – upright posture disease

Also, pain in the chest can occur with osteochondrosis.