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Adverse reaction of antibiotics: Antibiotic hypersensitivity and adverse reactions: management and implications in clinical practice

by alexxlab

Antibiotics – Side effects – NHS

Antibiotics can have side effects such as diarrhoea and feeling sick.

These side effects are usually mild and should pass once you finish your course of treatment.

If you get any additional side effects, contact your GP or the doctor in charge of your care for advice.

Antibiotic allergic reactions

Rarely, some people may have an allergic reaction to antibiotics, especially penicillin and cephalosporins.

In most cases, the allergic reaction is mild to moderate and can take the form of:

  • a raised, itchy skin rash (urticaria, or hives)
  • coughing
  • wheezing
  • tightness of the throat, which can cause breathing difficulties

These mild to moderate allergic reactions can usually be successfully treated by taking antihistamines.

But if you’re concerned, or your symptoms do not get better with treatment, call your GP for advice. If you cannot contact your GP, call NHS 111.

In rare cases, an antibiotic can cause a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis.

Call 999 or go to A&E now if:

  • you have a skin rash that may include itchy, red, swollen, blistered or peeling skin
  • you’re wheezing
  • you have tightness in your chest or throat
  • you have trouble breathing or talking
  • your mouth, face, lips, tongue or throat start swelling

You could be having a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital.

Tetracyclines and sensitivity to light

Tetracyclines can make your skin sensitive to sunlight and artificial sources of light, such as sun lamps and sunbeds.

Avoid prolonged exposure to bright light while taking these medicines.

Fluoroquinolones

Severe aches and pains

In very rare cases, fluoroquinolone antibiotics can cause disabling, long-lasting or permanent side effects affecting the joints, muscles and nervous system.

Stop taking fluoroquinolone treatment straight away and see your GP if you get a serious side effect including:

  • tendon, muscle or joint pain – usually in the knee, elbow or shoulder
  • tingling, numbness or pins and needles

Heart problems

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics can cause serious side effects in people who are at risk of heart valve problems.

Stop taking fluoroquinolone treatment straight away and see your GP if you get a serious side effect including:

  • swollen ankles, feet and legs (oedema)
  • new heart palpitations (heartbeats that suddenly become more noticeable)
  • sudden shortness of breath

Reporting side effects

The Yellow Card Scheme allows you to report suspected side effects from any type of medicine you’re taking.

It’s run by a medicines safety watchdog called the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

Page last reviewed: 11 November 2022
Next review due: 11 November 2025

Update on the adverse effects of antimicrobial therapies in community practice

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8 side effects of taking antibiotics that even doctors rarely talk about / AdMe

The most common side effects of taking antibiotics are nausea and diarrhea. Almost everyone knows about them – either from doctors or from their own experience. But American scientists have found that at least 20% of people who have taken antibiotics at least once in their lives experienced other side effects from drugs. It is about them that we will tell in this article.

We are in ADME We want to emphasize that different people may experience different side effects from taking medications. You can always find a complete list of them in the instructions for the drug.

1. Sun sensitivity

©Depositphotos, ©Depositphotos

Some antibiotics (tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and sulfones) can affect how your skin reacts to UV radiation. Too much sunlight while taking medication can increase the chance of burning or severe skin flaking.

These same antibiotics can cause a rash even if the person has been in the sun for only 15 minutes.

  • What to do?

It is better not to be in the sun between 10 a. m. and 2 p.m., use sunscreen and hide your skin under clothing.

2. Headache or dizziness

Headache and dizziness are two other common complaints of people who take antibiotics. But usually they disappear after the completion of the course of treatment.

  • What to do?

If your head hurts a little, you can take painkillers. If the pain is unbearable, then it is better to consult a doctor. Most likely, he will change the antibiotic.

3. Fever

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Fever can be a side effect of more than just antibiotics. If it manifested itself against their background, then, , you may have an allergic reaction to the medicine, which is accompanied by a fever . Otherwise, it is a separate and unpleasant side effect.

Fever can occur with almost any antibiotic, but is most commonly associated with beta-lactams, cephalexin, minocycline, and sulfonamide.

  • What to do?

If you get a fever while taking an antibiotic, it will most likely go away on its own pretty soon. But if the fever is strong and lasts too long, you need to try to bring it down and contact your doctor to change the antibiotic.

4. Fungal infection

©Depositphotos, ©Depositphotos

Antibiotics change the bacterial environment of our bodies, making us vulnerable to fungi. They can occur in the mouth (stomatitis), on the skin or under the nails.

  • What to do?

If your doctor has prescribed you a long course of treatment, it is better to start taking antifungal drugs immediately along with antibiotics.

5. Heart problems

This is rare, but antibiotics can cause heart problems. They usually lead to arrhythmia or low blood pressure.

These side effects are most commonly caused by erythromycin and some fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin.

  • What to do?

See a doctor to change the antibiotic.

6. Teeth staining

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Tetracycline antibiotics may cause staining or discoloration of teeth in children under 8 years of age . And if you take them during pregnancy, then there is a high chance that the newborn baby will have problems with tooth enamel.

  • What to do?

Recently, scientists have found that the more modern antibiotic doxycycline (from the tetracycline group) does not bind to calcium so strongly that it does not cause tooth staining. Therefore, it can be taken without fear of such consequences. But, of course, only on doctor’s orders.

7. Allergy

©Depositphotos, ©Depositphotos

One of the most dangerous reactions of the body to antibiotics is an allergy. In this case, a person may develop an itchy rash, swelling of the eyelids, lips, tongue and even throat, leading to anaphylaxis . Sometimes in such situations, a dose of adrenaline received in an ambulance can save the patient.

But an allergic reaction to a single antibiotic does not mean that you should not take them at all.

  • What to do?

Be sure to tell your doctor if you have any allergies and take other antibiotics. Also, be careful when you start taking a new medicine that you have never tried before. At the first symptoms of an allergy, you should consult a doctor or an ambulance.

8. Unwanted pregnancy

©Depositphotos

If you take the antibiotic rifamycin and oral contraceptives at the same time, the effectiveness of the latter decreases. As a result, the chance of an unwanted pregnancy increases. Other antibiotics reduce the effect of oral contraceptives to a lesser extent.

  • What to do?

Use an additional barrier method of contraception while taking antibiotics and for a week after completing the course. More information about the terms of additional protection is written in the instructions for oral contraceptives.

If you experience any of the side effects while taking antibiotics, do not self-medicate, do not ignore feeling unwell. Be sure to go to the doctor and consult.

Were you aware of any of these side effects of medications?

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Bright Side/8 Antibiotic Side Effects Even Doctors Rarely Tell About

HPV, Antibiotic Allergy, Gastrointestinal Problems

Content

  • 1 HPV, antibiotic allergy, gastrointestinal problems
    • 1. 1 Dangerous side effects
    • 1.2 HPV
    • 1.3 Antibiotic allergy
    • 1 .4 Problems with the gastrointestinal tract
    • 1.5 Related videos:
    • 1.6 Q&A:
        • 1.6.0.1 What side effects can the HPV vaccine have?
        • 1.6.0.2 What types of allergies to antibiotics are there?
        • 1.6.0.3 Can antibiotics affect the gastrointestinal tract?
        • 1.6.0.4 What manifestations of dysbacteriosis can occur after taking antibiotics?
        • 1.6.0.5 How do I know if I’m allergic to antibiotics?
        • 1.6.0.6 How common are serious HPV vaccine side effects?
        • 1.6.0.7 How long does dysbiosis last after taking antibiotics?

This article will talk about how HPV, antibiotic allergies and gastrointestinal problems can be related. You will learn about the characteristics of the manifestation of each of these conditions and tips for their prevention and treatment.

Sometimes the cure can be much more dangerous than the disease itself, especially for those who are susceptible to side effects. Some, such as HPV, antibiotic allergies, or gastrointestinal problems, are so severe that they can even be life-threatening.

HPV (Human Papilloma Viruses) are ubiquitous throughout the world, and more and more people have to seek help for side effects from their treatment. Allergies to antibiotics can also be very dangerous, and many people don’t realize this until they encounter the problem.

Gastrointestinal problems can present with many different symptoms, and many of them can be very painful and uncomfortable. If you experience any discomfort in the area of ​​​​the stomach or intestines, it is always worth contacting a specialist in order to avoid difficulties in the future.

Dangerous side effects

HPV (human papillomavirus) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. In this case, women may be at risk of developing cervical cancer, and men – cancer of the head and neck of the penis. Also, the infection can cause the formation of warts, which can be dangerous to human health.

Allergy to antibiotics can occur in anyone, regardless of age and health. This condition can cause severe skin irritation, swelling, itching, and difficulty breathing. Therefore, in case of allergy to antibiotics, you should immediately stop taking them and consult a doctor.

Gastrointestinal problems can occur when a person has an unhealthy diet, certain medications, or chronic diseases. Symptoms can range from heartburn and gas to severe pain and bleeding. It is necessary to monitor your diet and consult a doctor if there are deviations in the work of the gastrointestinal tract.

  • In the case of HPV, it is necessary to use barrier contraception, regularly visit a gynecologist and take tests.
  • When taking antibiotics, you must follow the dosage and regularly undergo medical examinations.
  • To maintain a healthy gastrointestinal tract, include more vegetables, fruits, and healthy protein foods in your diet.
Side effect
Symptoms
Treatment
Features of HPV infection Wart formation, risk of cancer Barrier contraception, regular gynecological examination
Allergy to antibiotics Skin irritation, swelling, itching, breathing difficulties 9023 0

 Stop taking antibiotics and see a doctor
Problems with the gastrointestinal tract Pain, heartburn, gas, bleeding Follow the correct dosage of medications, control your diet, see a doctor

HPV

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause cervical cancer, other genital cancers, and cancer of the throat and mouth.

Some types of HPV are high risk and can cause cancer in 90% of cases. Vaccination against HPV can prevent the development of cervical cancer and other types of cancer associated with the virus.

HPV symptoms are absent in most cases and the person may not know they are infected with the virus. However, in women, HPV may be detected during a Pap test or colposcopy.

In addition to cancer, HPV can also cause warts and flat warts on the skin and mucous membranes of the genitals, mouth and throat.

  • HPV prevention tips:
    • get vaccinated;
    • avoid sexual intercourse or engage in monogamous relationships;
    • use condoms;
    • have regular check-ups with a gynecologist and monitor the health of your genitals.

Allergy to antibiotics

Allergy to antibiotics is one of the most common side effects of antibiotics. The possibility of developing allergic reactions to antibiotics exists in every fifth patient.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction to antibiotics can range from mild skin rashes and itching to anaphylactic shock. At the first sign of an allergy, you should immediately consult a doctor.

To prevent the development of an allergy to antibiotics, it is necessary to clarify the history of the patient’s drug use before prescribing antibiotics. Often, patients who have previously experienced an allergic reaction to certain types of antibiotics may be allergic to other antibiotics.

If you have an allergic reaction to an antibiotic, your doctor may prescribe a different antibiotic. With severe manifestations of allergies, the use of antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids may be required.

Most common antibiotics causing allergies

Antibiotic name
Probability of developing allergies

902 23

Penicillins 1% to 10%
Cephalosporins 1% to 5%
Sulfonamides 1% to 4%
Tetracyclines 1% to 3%

An allergic reaction to antibiotics can be dangerous and even fatal, so it is important to carefully monitor patients when using antibacterial drugs and strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations.

Problems with the gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in our body: it performs the function of digestion of food, which then enters the cells as a source of energy and nutrients. However, the gastrointestinal tract can be affected by many factors that can cause it to malfunction.

One of the most common problems with the gastrointestinal tract is gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining. This can occur due to smoking, drinking alcohol, excessive caffeine intake, and also due to breakdowns in the stomach’s defense mechanism.

Certain types of medicines may also cause adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Prolonged use of antibiotics can cause dysbacteriosis – a violation of the normal intestinal microflora, which leads to a violation of digestion and the immune system.

  • Prevention of gastrointestinal problems includes:
  • Proper nutrition: Avoid excess fatty, very sweet, savory and salty foods. Try to eat small meals, but often. Eat slowly, chew your food well.
  • Quit bad habits: Stress and nervousness often lead to gastrointestinal problems, so it is recommended to avoid stressful situations, avoid drinking alcohol, smoking, and engage in outdoor activities such as yoga and meditation.
  • Good sleep: A stable sleep schedule will help the body to maintain the proper functioning of all organs.

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Q&A:

What side effects can the HPV vaccine have?

The main side effects of the HPV vaccine are pain and redness at the injection site, headache, nausea and fever. Very rarely, serious allergic reactions can occur, but such cases are extremely rare. As with any vaccine, dizziness or loss of consciousness may occur, but these are very rare and are usually due to other factors.

What types of allergies to antibiotics are there?

There are several different types of allergy to antibiotics, including the common allergy of skin rash, pruritus and angioedema, anaphylactic shock, urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis. The types of allergies to antibiotics depend on which antibiotic was used and how the body reacts to it.

Can antibiotics affect the gastrointestinal tract?

Yes, antibiotics can affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing dysbiosis and other digestive problems. Antibiotics destroy both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria in the intestines, which can lead to disruption of the normal microflora. In addition, some people may be allergic to certain antibiotics and develop allergic reactions such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

What manifestations of dysbacteriosis can occur after taking antibiotics?

After taking antibiotics, dysbacteriosis can occur, which is manifested by diarrhea, heartburn, constipation, gas formation and other digestive problems. This is because antibiotics destroy both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria in the intestines, which can lead to disruption of the normal microflora. This can cause various digestive problems and even lead to the development of other diseases.

How do I know if I’m allergic to antibiotics?

Signs of an allergy to antibiotics may include rash, itching, swelling and redness of the skin, hives, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing. If you notice any of these symptoms while taking antibiotics, you should see your doctor for diagnosis and appropriate action.

How common are serious HPV vaccine side effects?

Serious side effects from the HPV vaccine are very rare and occur in an extremely small percentage of cases – less than 1%. However, as with any vaccine, there may be some minor problems, such as pain and redness at the injection site, headache, nausea, and fever. In any case, all side effects of the HPV vaccine should be described in the instructions for use.