An inflammation of the stomach: Gastritis – Symptoms and causes

08.01.197922.11.2021 by alexxlab

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Indigestion, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diagnosis

Overview

What is gastritis?

Your stomach has a protective lining of mucus called the mucosa. This lining protects your stomach from the strong stomach acid that digests food. When something damages or weakens this protective lining, the mucosa becomes inflamed, causing gastritis. A type of bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common bacterial cause of gastritis.

What’s the difference between gastritis and indigestion?

Gastritis symptoms can mimic indigestion symptoms. Indigestion is pain or discomfort in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food. It may be a feeling of burning between your lower ribs. You may hear indigestion referred to by its medical term, dyspepsia.

How common is gastritis?

Acute (sudden) gastritis affects about 8 out of every 1,000 people. Chronic, long-term gastritis is less common. It affects approximately 2 out of 10,000 people.

Who might get gastritis?

Your risk of developing gastritis goes up with age. Older adults have thinner stomach linings, decreased circulation and a slower metabolism of mucosal repair. Older adults are also more likely to be on medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can cause gastritis. About two-thirds of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori. Fortunately, it is less common in the United States. In the United States, H. pylori is found more often in older adults and lower socioeconomic groups.

What are the types of gastritis?

There are two main types of gastritis:

Erosive (reactive): Erosive gastritis causes both inflammation and erosion (wearing away) of the stomach lining. This condition is also known as reactive gastritis. Causes include alcohol, smoking, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, viral or bacterial infections and stress from illnesses or injuries.
Non-erosive: Inflammation of the stomach lining without erosion or compromising the stomach lining.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes gastritis?

Gastritis occurs when something damages or weakens the stomach lining (mucosa). Different things can trigger the problem, including:

Alcohol abuse: Chronic alcohol use can irritate and erode the stomach lining.
Autoimmune disease: In some people, the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells in the stomach lining.
Bacterial infection: H. pylori bacteria are the main cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (stomach ulcers). The bacteria break down the stomach’s protective lining and cause inflammation.
Bile reflux: The liver makes bile to help you digest fatty foods. “Reflux” means flowing back. Bile reflux occurs when bile flows back into the stomach instead of moving through the small intestine.
Medications: Steady use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids to manage chronic pain can irritate the stomach lining.
Physical stress: A sudden, severe illness or injury can bring on gastritis. Often, gastritis develops even after a trauma that doesn’t involve the stomach. Severe burns and brain injuries are two common causes.

What are the symptoms of gastritis?

Many people with gastritis don’t have symptoms. People who do have symptoms often mistake them for indigestion. Other signs of gastritis include:

Is gastritis contagious?

Gastritis isn’t contagious, but the bacteria, H. pylori, can be contagious via the fecal-to-oral route. Good hand washing before handling of foods and proper sanitation (sewer and water systems) are the first line of defense against spread. Many people can develop gastritis after being infected with H. pylori bacteria.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is gastritis diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and history and perform a physical exam. Your provider may also order one or more of these tests:

Breath test: During an H. pylori breath test, you swallow a capsule or liquid containing urea, a harmless radioactive material. You then exhale into a balloon-like bag. H. pylori bacteria change urea into carbon dioxide. If you have the bacteria, the breath test will show an increase in carbon dioxide.
Blood test: A blood test checks for antibodies titers that fight H. pylori bacteria.
Stool test: This test checks for H. pylori bacteria in your stool (poop).
Upper endoscopy: Your doctor uses an endoscope (a long thin tube with an attached camera) to see your stomach. The doctor inserts the scope through your esophagus, which connects your mouth to your stomach. An upper endoscopy procedure allows your provider to examine the stomach lining. You may also have a tissue sample (biopsy) taken from your stomach lining to test for infection.
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) exam: During an upper GI exam, you swallow a chalky substance called barium. The liquid coats your stomach lining, providing more detailed X-ray images.

Management and Treatment

How is gastritis treated?

Treatment for gastritis varies depending on the cause. Certain medications kill bacteria, while others alleviate indigestion-type symptoms. Your healthcare provider might recommend:

Antibiotics: Antibiotics can treat the bacterial infection. You may need to take more than one type of antibiotic for couple of weeks.
Antacids: Calcium carbonate medications reduce stomach acid exposure. They can help relieve inflammation. Antacids, such as Tums® and Rolaids®, also treat heartburn.
Histamine (h3) blockers: Cimetidine (Tagamet®), ranitidine (Zantac®) and similar medications decrease the production of stomach acid.
Proton pump inhibitors: These medications, such as omeprazole (Prilosec®) and esomeprazole (Nexium®), reduce the amount of acid your stomach produces. Proton pump inhibitors also treat stomach ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

What are the complications of gastritis?

If left untreated, gastritis can lead to serious problems, such as:

Anemia: H. pylori can cause gastritis or stomach ulcers (sores in your stomach).that bleed, thereby lowering your red blood counts (called anemia).
Pernicious anemia: Autoimmune gastritis can affect how your body absorbs vitamin B12. You’re at risk of pernicious anemia when you don’t get enough B12 to make healthy red blood cells.
Peritonitis: Gastritis can worsen stomach ulcers. Ulcers that break through the stomach wall can spill stomach contents into the abdomen. This rupture can spread bacteria, causing a dangerous infection called bacterial transloction or peritonitis. It also can lead to a widespread inflammation called sepsis. Sepsis can be fatal.
Stomach cancer: Gastritis caused by H. pylori and autoimmune disease can cause growths in the stomach lining. These growths increase your risk of stomach cancer.

Prevention

How can I prevent gastritis?

H. pylori is one of the top causes of gastritis, but most people don’t know they’re infected. The bacteria are easily transmitted. You can lower your risk of infection by practicing good hygiene, including hand-washing.

You also can take steps to minimize indigestion and heartburn. These conditions are linked to gastritis. Preventive measures include:

Avoiding fatty, fried, spicy or acidic foods.
Cutting back on caffeine.
Eating smaller meals throughout the day.
Managing stress.
Not taking NSAIDs.
Reducing alcohol consumption.
Not lying down for 2 to 3 hours after a meal.

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the prognosis (outlook) for people with gastritis?

Most cases of gastritis improve quickly with treatment. For most people, medications relieve gastritis. Your healthcare provider will recommend the most appropriate treatment based on what’s causing gastritis. Antacids reduce stomach acid, while antibiotics clear up bacterial infections. You can also make changes like reducing your alcohol consumption and managing pain without NSAIDs.

Living With

When should I call the doctor?

You should call your healthcare provider if you experience:

Blood in your stool (poop).
Bloody vomit.
Extreme weakness or fatigue that may indicate anemia.
Uncontrolled GERD.
Unexplained weight loss.
Signs of gastritis recurring (coming back).

What questions should I ask my doctor?

If you have gastritis, you may want to ask your healthcare provider:

Why did I get gastritis?
Should I get tested for H. pylori?
Should I get tested for anemia?
Can I get gastritis again?
What steps can I take to avoid getting gastritis again?
Should I make any dietary changes?
What medications or supplements should I avoid?
Do I need to cut out alcohol?
Should I look out for signs of complications?

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Gastritis is a common but generally treatable condition. You may be surprised to learn that your indigestion is actually due to gastritis. Some people with gastritis don’t have any symptoms. Tests can help your healthcare provider determine the cause of gastritis. This allows you to receive the appropriate treatment.

Indigestion, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diagnosis

Overview

What is gastritis?

What’s the difference between gastritis and indigestion?

How common is gastritis?

Acute (sudden) gastritis affects about 8 out of every 1,000 people. Chronic, long-term gastritis is less common. It affects approximately 2 out of 10,000 people.

Who might get gastritis?

What are the types of gastritis?

There are two main types of gastritis:

Erosive (reactive): Erosive gastritis causes both inflammation and erosion (wearing away) of the stomach lining. This condition is also known as reactive gastritis. Causes include alcohol, smoking, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, viral or bacterial infections and stress from illnesses or injuries.
Non-erosive: Inflammation of the stomach lining without erosion or compromising the stomach lining.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes gastritis?

Gastritis occurs when something damages or weakens the stomach lining (mucosa). Different things can trigger the problem, including:

Alcohol abuse: Chronic alcohol use can irritate and erode the stomach lining.
Autoimmune disease: In some people, the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells in the stomach lining.
Bacterial infection: H. pylori bacteria are the main cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (stomach ulcers). The bacteria break down the stomach’s protective lining and cause inflammation.
Bile reflux: The liver makes bile to help you digest fatty foods. “Reflux” means flowing back. Bile reflux occurs when bile flows back into the stomach instead of moving through the small intestine.
Medications: Steady use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids to manage chronic pain can irritate the stomach lining.
Physical stress: A sudden, severe illness or injury can bring on gastritis. Often, gastritis develops even after a trauma that doesn’t involve the stomach. Severe burns and brain injuries are two common causes.

What are the symptoms of gastritis?

Many people with gastritis don’t have symptoms. People who do have symptoms often mistake them for indigestion. Other signs of gastritis include:

Is gastritis contagious?

Diagnosis and Tests

How is gastritis diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and history and perform a physical exam. Your provider may also order one or more of these tests:

Breath test: During an H. pylori breath test, you swallow a capsule or liquid containing urea, a harmless radioactive material. You then exhale into a balloon-like bag. H. pylori bacteria change urea into carbon dioxide. If you have the bacteria, the breath test will show an increase in carbon dioxide.
Blood test: A blood test checks for antibodies titers that fight H. pylori bacteria.
Stool test: This test checks for H. pylori bacteria in your stool (poop).
Upper endoscopy: Your doctor uses an endoscope (a long thin tube with an attached camera) to see your stomach. The doctor inserts the scope through your esophagus, which connects your mouth to your stomach. An upper endoscopy procedure allows your provider to examine the stomach lining. You may also have a tissue sample (biopsy) taken from your stomach lining to test for infection.
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) exam: During an upper GI exam, you swallow a chalky substance called barium. The liquid coats your stomach lining, providing more detailed X-ray images.

Management and Treatment

How is gastritis treated?

Treatment for gastritis varies depending on the cause. Certain medications kill bacteria, while others alleviate indigestion-type symptoms. Your healthcare provider might recommend:

Antibiotics: Antibiotics can treat the bacterial infection. You may need to take more than one type of antibiotic for couple of weeks.
Antacids: Calcium carbonate medications reduce stomach acid exposure. They can help relieve inflammation. Antacids, such as Tums® and Rolaids®, also treat heartburn.
Histamine (h3) blockers: Cimetidine (Tagamet®), ranitidine (Zantac®) and similar medications decrease the production of stomach acid.
Proton pump inhibitors: These medications, such as omeprazole (Prilosec®) and esomeprazole (Nexium®), reduce the amount of acid your stomach produces. Proton pump inhibitors also treat stomach ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

What are the complications of gastritis?

If left untreated, gastritis can lead to serious problems, such as:

Anemia: H. pylori can cause gastritis or stomach ulcers (sores in your stomach).that bleed, thereby lowering your red blood counts (called anemia).
Pernicious anemia: Autoimmune gastritis can affect how your body absorbs vitamin B12. You’re at risk of pernicious anemia when you don’t get enough B12 to make healthy red blood cells.
Peritonitis: Gastritis can worsen stomach ulcers. Ulcers that break through the stomach wall can spill stomach contents into the abdomen. This rupture can spread bacteria, causing a dangerous infection called bacterial transloction or peritonitis. It also can lead to a widespread inflammation called sepsis. Sepsis can be fatal.
Stomach cancer: Gastritis caused by H. pylori and autoimmune disease can cause growths in the stomach lining. These growths increase your risk of stomach cancer.

Prevention

How can I prevent gastritis?

You also can take steps to minimize indigestion and heartburn. These conditions are linked to gastritis. Preventive measures include:

Avoiding fatty, fried, spicy or acidic foods.
Cutting back on caffeine.
Eating smaller meals throughout the day.
Managing stress.
Not taking NSAIDs.
Reducing alcohol consumption.
Not lying down for 2 to 3 hours after a meal.

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the prognosis (outlook) for people with gastritis?

Living With

When should I call the doctor?

You should call your healthcare provider if you experience:

Blood in your stool (poop).
Bloody vomit.
Extreme weakness or fatigue that may indicate anemia.
Uncontrolled GERD.
Unexplained weight loss.
Signs of gastritis recurring (coming back).

What questions should I ask my doctor?

If you have gastritis, you may want to ask your healthcare provider:

Why did I get gastritis?
Should I get tested for H. pylori?
Should I get tested for anemia?
Can I get gastritis again?
What steps can I take to avoid getting gastritis again?
Should I make any dietary changes?
What medications or supplements should I avoid?
Do I need to cut out alcohol?
Should I look out for signs of complications?

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and can be caused by several different processes.

What is it?

Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and can be caused by several different processes.

Who gets it and what happens?

The stomach has a protective lining of mucus that prevents stomach acid or other things from irritating the stomach tissue. Inflammation can develop if the stomach’s protective lining is damaged or weakened.

Conditions of substances that increase your risk of gastritis include:

Bacterial infection. Many people infected with Helicobacter pylori develop a chronic gastritis.
Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as: aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen.
Increased age. Aging causes the stomach lining to begin to thin.
Alcohol use.
Significant stress such as major surgery, injury or severe infection.
Bile reflux.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms can include:

Upper abdominal pain, often gnawing, burning or aching that can change with eating
Nausea
Vomiting
Feeling very full after eating only a small amount of food
Decreased appetite

How is it diagnosed?

There are several tests that may be performed. You may be tested for an infection with H. pylori which may be done with a blood, stool or breath test. An upper endoscopy may be performed to actually look with a camera in your esophagus, stomach and small intestine. Small tissue samples can be taken and examined under a microscope. Sometime x-rays of the upper GI tract will be obtained.

How is it Gastritis treated?

Treatment is directed at the cause of the inflammation. Irritating medications may be stopped. If H. pylori infection is diagnosed, antibiotic therapy will be prescribed.

Medications may be used to decrease the levels of acid in the stomach; this can improve your symptoms and create an environment in which the stomach tissue is more likely to heal. Medications include those that reduce the production of stomach acid (proton pump inhibitors or histamine-2 blockers), and/or neutralize the acid already present in the stomach (antacids).

What can I do?

Stop smoking
Avoid alcohol
Avoid spicy, acidic, fried or fatty foods
Avoid coffee and caffeinated beverages
Avoid NSAID’s (non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as: aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen and Celebrex) if possible.
Eat smaller more frequent meals
Manage your stress levels, as stress can make the inflammation worse.

Gastritis

US Pharm. 2017;42(12):11.

Gastritis is a term used to describe an inflammation of the stomach lining. Inflammation occurs when cells in the lining of the stomach are irritated or damaged. Some cells in the stomach lining produce protective mucus, and when they are damaged, less mucus is produced, leaving the stomach inadequately protected against digestive acids. Exposure to digestive acids causes more inflammation and irritation, potentially resulting in erosion of the stomach lining and, ultimately, ulcers. In addition to treating or removing the underlying cause of the inflammation, medication is used to neutralize the stomach acid and reduce the amount of acid produced to help the stomach heal.

A common cause of gastritis is infection with Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium that causes ulcers. Other risk factors include excessive alcohol intake, frequent vomiting, medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress, radiation for cancer treatment, autoimmune diseases, and some medical procedures. Acute, or sudden, gastritis is the most common type, occurring in 8 out of 1,000 people, while the slower-developing chronic gastritis is much less common, occurring in only 1 out of 10,000 people.

Gastritis is not always symptomatic, and even when symptoms occur, they are not the same in all people. The most frequently experienced symptoms include nausea, vomiting, indigestion, lack of appetite, and upper abdominal pain or discomfort. There are no definitive tests for gastritis; physicians rely on the medical history and a physical examination of the patient to make an accurate diagnosis. Sometimes, an upper endoscopy is used to aid in diagnosis. During an endoscopy, a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is passed through the mouth and into the stomach, allowing for direct viewing of the stomach lining.

The Best Treatment Is Prevention

When the specific underlying reason for gastritis is known, physicians focus first on resolving the cause. For example, when the bacterium H pylori is the source of gastritis, antibiotics are prescribed; if aspirin or another medication is the cause, then that medication is discontinued. With the underlying problem resolved, gastritis can improve quickly. Medications like antacids may be used to improve gastritis symptoms. They work by neutralizing the stomach acid and reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach.

H pylori is passed from person to person through fecal-oral transmission. Infection can occur when fecal matter from a bowel movement is ingested by a person who doesn’t wash his or her hands. The bacteria may also be passed from soiled hands to surfaces like countertops and doorknobs, where they are then passed along to someone else. In both cases, H pylori is ingested along with the food. The habit of regularly washing one’s hands can go a long way toward preventing H pylori infection and resulting gastritis.

Although NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen) decrease pain and inflammation, they also interfere with a hormone needed to produce the mucus that protects the stomach lining. Using the lowest effective NSAID dose for the shortest duration is another best practice for reducing the risk of gastritis.

Don’t Let Gastritis Become Chronic

Chronic or untreated gastritis may lead to bleeding in the stomach, ulcers that can perforate and cause infection in the abdomen, and nausea and vomiting caused by obstructions. Also, chronic infection with H pylori increases the risk of developing stomach cancer. Some measures may be taken to heal the stomach lining once gastritis occurs. Eating smaller meals throughout the day, rather than three big meals, can minimize the production of stomach acid. A reduction in alcohol consumption will lessen irritation and inflammation of the stomach lining. Quitting smoking and reducing stress may also help reduce the damage to the stomach lining that causes gastritis. Eating vegetables in the cabbage family may help with H pylori because they contain sulforaphane, a substance known to have antibacterial effects. If you have questions about gastritis treatment or prevention, your local pharmacist can help.

Gastritis Illustration Video | Gastritis Treatment Procedure

The lining of the stomach produces acid and enzymes to help in digestion of food. To protect itself from the acids, the stomach lining also produces a thick layer of mucus.

Gastritis is a condition where the stomach lining becomes inflamed and produces less acid, enzymes and mucus. Severe inflammation of the stomach lining that lasts for a day or two is called acute gastritis, while inflammation that develops slowly and lasts for a long time is referred to as chronic gastritis.

Causes.

The causes of gastritis include:

Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection.

Overuse of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Excessive alcohol consumption.

Stress.

Backflow of bile from the small intestine into the stomach.

Digestive disorders such as Pernicious anemia.

Exposure to radiation.

Traumatic injuries, severe burns, critical illness and major surgeries.

Signs and Symptoms.

The signs and symptoms of gastritis include:

Nausea or stomach upset.

Abdominal bloating or pain.

Indigestion.

Gnawing or burning feeling in the stomach.

Loss of appetite.

Vomiting blood.

Black, tarry stools.

Diagnosis.

Your doctor will ask question regarding yours and your family’s medical history and conduct a complete physical examination.

Diagnostic tests for gastritis include:

Blood, stool and breath tests for detecting the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Endoscopy: Your doctor passes a narrow tube attached to a lens (endoscope) through your throat into the stomach and upper intestine to check for inflammation.

Biopsy: During endoscopy, a tissue sample of the stomach lining is removed and tested in the lab for the presence of inflammatory cells and damaged epithelium. Helicobacter pylori infection can also be detected from biopsy.

Barium swallow test: You will be given a white, metallic liquid (containing barium) to swallow, which will coat your digestive tract followed by X-rays. Ulcers and other abnormalities can be clearly detected through X-ray imaging.

Fecal occult blood test: Your doctor will check for the presence of blood in your stool.

Treatment.

Your doctor treats gastritis based on its cause.

Treatment for gastritis includes:

Treating the bacterial infection

with a combination of antibiotics.

Blocking acid producing cells

with proton pump inhibitors.

Reducing acid production

with histamine blockers.

Antacids to neutralize the stomach acids and provide pain relief.

Vitamin B12 supplements to treat pernicious anemia.

Apart from these interventions, you should avoid hot and spicy food and food that causes irritation such as lactose from dairy products or gluten from wheat. You should also stop prolonged use of NSAIDS and alcohol.

Gastritis is a common gastrointestinal problem that can cause severe pain and discomfort. Early and efficient treatment of the condition with simple lifestyle changes and other medications goes a long way in preventing the development of serious complications such as peptic ulcers and cancer. You should consult your doctor if you experience the symptoms of gastritis, so that your doctor can administer specific therapy for treating the underlying cause.

digestive system disease | Britannica

digestive system disease, any of the diseases that affect the human digestive tract. Such disorders may affect the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), pancreas, liver, or biliary tract. A prevalent disorder of the digestive system is gastroesophageal reflux disease (i.e., the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus), which causes heartburn on a regular basis in some individuals. Cirrhosis of the liver primarily results from excessive alcohol consumption, but it may also develop after infection with the hepatitis C virus. Other common diseases of the digestive system include peptic ulcers, colorectal cancer, and gallstones. Many disorders of the digestive system can be prevented by a diet low in fats and high in fruits and vegetables, limited alcohol consumption, and periodic medical examinations.

This article discusses the common infections, inflammations, ulcers, and cancers that affect each organ of the digestive tract. For a detailed discussion of the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, see digestive system, human.

Britannica Quiz

44 Questions from Britannica’s Most Popular Health and Medicine Quizzes

How much do you know about human anatomy? How about medical conditions? The brain? You’ll need to know a lot to answer 44 of the hardest questions from Britannica’s most popular quizzes about health and medicine.

Mouth and oral cavity

Besides local disease, features characteristic of systemic disorders are often present on the mouth and in the oral cavity. The lips may be fissured and eroded at the corners in riboflavin deficiency. Multiple brown freckles on the lips associated with polyps in the small intestine is characteristic of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Aggregates of small yellow spots on the buccal mucosa and the mucosa behind the lips due to the presence of enlarged sebaceous glands just below the mucosal surface indicate Fordyce disease.

The most common mouth ulcers are due to aphthous stomatitis. These ulcers affect one out of every five Caucasians. The manifestations of this condition range from one or two small painful vesicles rupturing to form round or oval ulcers, occurring once or twice a year and lasting seven to 10 days, to deep ulcers of one centimetre (about half an inch) or more in diameter. The ulcers are frequently multiple, occur anywhere in the mouth, and may persist for months at a time. Symptoms range from a mild local irritation to severe distressing pain that prevents talking and eating. Scarring can be seen at the sites of previous ulcers. Aphthous ulceration is sometimes associated with stress, but it may also be a reflection of an underlying malabsorptive disease such as celiac disease. Treatment is directed to the predisposing cause. Topical and systemic corticosteroids are the most effective treatment. Local anesthetic agents and analgesics may permit easier talking and eating. In a more serious condition, Behçet syndrome, similar ulcers occur in the mouth and on the genitalia, and the eyes may become inflamed.

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Discoloration of the tongue, commonly white, is due to deposits of epithelial debris, effete (or worn-out) bacteria, and food. It also occurs in circumstances in which there is reduced saliva production. This may be acute, as in fever, when water loss through the skin is excessive. Discoloration of the tongue becomes chronic following atrophy of the salivary glands and in the absence of good oral hygiene. If the person is a heavy smoker, the deposit is coloured brown. Black discoloration of the tongue with the formation in the centre of a dense pellicle of furlike filiform papillae (black hairy tongue) may be due to a fungus with pigmented filaments. Occasionally it simply represents excessive elongation of the filiform papillae.

A bald tongue (atrophic glossitis), with a smooth surface due to complete atrophy of the papillae, is associated with malnutrition, severe iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, and pellagra, a disorder of skin and mucous membranes due to niacin deficiency. The condition is endemic in underdeveloped countries in which there are periods of famine.

A deeply fissured tongue (scrotal tongue) may be due to a congenital variation in the supporting tissue of the tongue, but it can be caused by syphilis, scarlet fever, or typhoid fever. There is a mild degree of inflammation in the fissures, which causes a slight burning discomfort.

Geographic tongue, or migrating exfoliative glossitis, describes areas of denudation of the surface of the tongue of various shapes and sizes. These areas gradually become re-epithelialized with regrowth of the filiform papillae, only for the inflammatory process to begin elsewhere in the tongue. Thus, the bald zones move around the tongue. These changes usually give rise to no symptoms or, at the most, to a mild burning sensation. The cause is unknown, and the condition may persist for years. There is no treatment.

Vincent disease (trench mouth) is an ulcerating, necrotizing infection of the gingiva (gums) characterized by spontaneous bleeding from affected areas and foul odour of the breath arising from the gangrenous tissue. It is endemic in countries where there is severe malnutrition and poor oral hygiene. The infection probably involves several organisms, including spirochetes and fusiform bacilli. It is uncertain if it is transmitted by the exchange of saliva in kissing, but its epidemic increase in wartime and its frequency in the sexually promiscuous suggest this. Vincent disease is treated with antibiotics followed by trimming of the gum margins to eliminate subgingival pockets.

Oral cancer is sometimes caused by chronic thermal irritation in heavy smokers and is often preceded by leukoplakia (plaquelike patches arising on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, gum, or tongue). Similarly, oral cancer can be caused by the habit of keeping tobacco in the space between the cheek and the teeth. These cancers arise from the squamous cells that line the oral mucosa. Cancers of the salivary glands and of the mucous membranes of the cheeks cause pain, bleeding, or difficulty in swallowing. The lymphomas and other tumours of lymphoid origin may first appear in the tonsillar or pharyngeal lymph nodes. Cancer of the tongue and of the bony structures of the hard palate or sinuses may project into the mouth or may burrow deep into the surrounding tissues.

Acute Gastritis | Duration, Treatment & Healing of Stomach

Treatment options and prevention for acute gastritis

Many cases of acute gastritis will go away on their own. When treatment is needed, it begins with addressing the underlying cause. If medications such as NSAIDs are contributing to gastritis, your physician will likely advise you to stop taking them or to reduce the dose. If you use cocaine or consume alcohol in excess, quitting these substances will often go a long way to alleviating gastritis.

Reducing stomach acid

Reducing stomach acid often plays an important role in treating acute gastritis. This can be done in several ways including the following.

Antacids: Aluminum hydroxide (Tums) work by directly neutralizing stomach acid. This makes them very fast-acting but generally not a good long-term solution and less effective than options which reduce acid production.
h3 antagonists: These include famotidine (Pepcid) and ranitidine (Zantac). These block one pathway of stomach acid production but not others.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): These include omeprazole (Prilosec), esomeprazole (Nexium), pantoprazole (Protonix) or lansoprazole (Prevacid). These medications block multiple pathways of stomach acid production at once, causing significant reductions in stomach acidity. This makes them very effective at reducing symptoms caused by excess stomach acidity, but also means they cause significant changes from the digestive system’s natural balance. They have been associated with a number of side effects[8]. Several are now available over-the-counter, but given the known risks it’s worth talking with your physician before starting a PPI regimen.

Triple therapy for H. pylori

For gastritis caused by H. pylori infection, treatment consists of both acid suppression and antibiotics. H. pylori can be a difficult bacteria to fully eliminate, and it can cause serious complications if insufficiently treated. Therefore a combination of two antibiotics is often used along with a PPI, a regimen known as triple therapy. A 2019 study found the levels of vitamin D can increase the eradication rate of H. pylori infection treatments.

Prevention

As with many medical conditions, prevention of gastritis consists mainly of avoiding known risk factors. Some of these are easier to avoid than others. Not using cocaine and only consuming alcohol in moderation can not only reduce the risk of gastritis but also improves many other facets of your overall health.

Another major step you can take to reduce the risk of gastritis is limiting the use of anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve). If you find yourself taking anti-inflammatories multiple times a week or in doses approaching the recommended limits, it’s worth talking with your physician about other options for pain control.

Avoiding H. pylori is more difficult. Unfortunately, it’s still not known exactly how H. pylori infection is transmitted. Current theories suggest it may be passed from person to person, either directly in body fluids or through contaminated food or water. Therefore, the best steps to avoid H. pylori infection would include washing hands thoroughly and maintaining sanitary living conditions. It’s also advisable to only consume food that is properly prepared and water that is known to be from a safe drinking source.

As with H. pylori, it’s also hard to prevent gastritis caused by rarer conditions such as severe illness or autoimmune disease. In those cases, the best option is to treat the underlying condition to the best extent possible and to appropriately treat any gastritis that does occur.

90,000 Gastritis: symptoms and treatment of gastritis

Gastritis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining. Gastritis is a leading disease of the digestive system and is directly related to defects in nutrition; it can be detected already in childhood. Today, every third adult has some form of gastritis.

Causes of gastritis

A feature of gastritis is the variety of its forms: acute gastritis with a sharp onset and severe symptoms, as well as many forms of chronic gastritis (with low or high acidity, with mucosal atrophy, erosions, or autoimmune, infectious, reflux).

Chronic gastritis usually occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to the stomach walls of irritating factors or untreated acute gastritis.

These factors include :

ingestion of irritating food (spicy, salty, very hot food, food too dry, acidic food),
drinking and smoking,
consumption of carbonated drinks, products with preservatives and dyes,
taking certain medications (aspirin, diclofenac),
constant stress,
sedentary,
weakened immunity,
hormonal shifts,
exposure to allergens,
microbial exposure Helicobacter pylori,

The most common causes of acute gastritis are:

poisoning or foodborne infections,
exposure to chemicals, alcohol, alkalis, very spicy foods.

Acute gastritis requires treatment most often in a hospital.

Symptoms of gastritis

Gastritis can be asymptomatic for a long time, but exacerbations occur when exposed to provoking factors. Typically, the manifestations of gastritis include:

feeling of heaviness in the stomach after eating a rich meal,
pain in the stomach on an empty stomach or after eating,
nausea or vomiting, belching,
a sharp decrease in appetite and weight loss.

Signs can appear all together or only some of them.

The manifestations of gastritis largely depend on its form, common in all forms of gastritis may be heaviness in the stomach, a feeling of bloating, nausea and weakness, the tongue is coated with a gray or white bloom, there may be dry mouth or drooling.

General symptoms with gastritis – general weakness with dizziness, headaches, severe sweating and fever up to 37.0-37.3 ° C, decreased pressure, increased heart rate, dry hair or nails, pallor, irritability.

With increased or normal acidity , stomach pain, heartburn or sour belching, a feeling of severe heaviness after eating and constipation are added to the symptoms. With pronounced acidity at the height of pain or heartburn, there may be vomiting. Pain in this case occurs at night or on an empty stomach.

At low acidity are characterized by decreased appetite and unpleasant taste in the mouth, morning sickness, belching of air, transfusion or a feeling of rumbling in the abdomen, diarrhea alternating with constipation.With a prolonged course of such gastritis, there may be anemia and weight loss, general weakness. The pain in the abdomen is usually aching and dull in nature.

Gastritis proceeds with periods of exacerbation, when all the symptoms are especially acute and severe, and periods of remission, when there are practically no symptoms or they are very weak.

Diagnostics and treatment of gastritis in TN-Clinic.

In establishing the diagnosis of gastritis, in addition to the typical symptoms, it is necessary to conduct a gastroscopy, which you can do in TN-Clinic.In order to accurately determine the type of gastritis, a highly qualified gastroenterologist on the basis of the described complaints, if necessary, will prescribe a number of studies to identify the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (a causative agent that provokes the development of chronic gastritis), determination of the acidity of gastric juice, biopsy, etc. All studies are carried out during the gastroscopy procedure …

Based on the results of the examination, the gastroenterologist will develop an individual treatment plan, which includes drug therapy and a special diet.Drug treatment is prescribed taking into account all factors: acidity, the presence of Helicobacter, the severity of pain, etc. A special diet is developed by a professional dietitian. When compiling a nutritional program, a nutritionist takes into account the data of analyzes, examinations, individual characteristics of the body, the course of the disease, possible concomitant pathologies and other factors. In the future, adherence to a properly composed diet will help avoid relapses of gastritis, normalize digestion and eliminate painful symptoms.

Your questions are answered

How is the diagnosis of gastritis confirmed or excluded?

Reply

During gastroscopy, material (biopsy) is taken for histological examination. Based on the results of this study, the diagnosis is confirmed or not – “Gastritis”. Only in this way is the diagnosis confirmed.

What treatment for gastritis can be?

Reply

It all depends on the form of gastritis. Treatment can be medication and non-medication. For some, diet, physical therapy or special exercises will be enough. Someone will need to take medication. Treatment can be prescribed by a doctor after a study (gastroscopy).

From whom and how is the “helicobacter pylori” infection transmitted?

Reply

“Helicobacter pylori” is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, from a sick person to a healthy person, mainly to children.For adults, no. “Helicobacter pylori” gets infected during childhood. After it is treated, re-infection does not occur.

Is it possible to completely cure chronic gastritis, or now you will have to go on a diet all your life?

Reply

It all depends on the form of gastritis. Atrophic gastritis is difficult to cure, but it is also possible. Some forms of gastritis do not need diets. Much more important is the regularity of food.Frequent meals, in small portions from 3 to 5 times a day. more useful.

What complications can occur with gastritis?

Reply

Acute gastritis may cause bleeding. The chronic form of gastritis can degenerate into cancer.

What kind of examination do you need to undergo? Do you need to take any tests?

Reply

If it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of gastritis, then gastroscopy with biopsy.

Is it possible to inherit gastritis?

Reply

Practically no, impossible. There are very rare forms of gastritis that can be inherited, but such cases are rare and very, very rare.

What is atrophic gastritis?

Reply

Atrophic gastritis is the most unfavorable form of gastritis.It most often degenerates into cancer.

Can gastritis degenerate into an ulcer?

Reply

Gastritis itself cannot be reborn into an ulcer. These are different diseases. But against the background of gastritis, an ulcer is much easier to develop.

Questions left

You can always make an appointment and get detailed information from the specialists of our advisory department by phones:

+7 (495) 210-02-48 +7 (495) 799-02-06

Make an appointment

What is a stomach ulcer – symptoms, causes and treatment of a stomach ulcer

Stock! Discount 20% on the first appointment for new patients of the clinic with the promo code “FIRST20”.

Stomach ulcer is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that requires constant medical supervision and competent treatment. It affects the lining of the stomach and sometimes the duodenum. If you do not diagnose peptic ulcer disease in a timely manner and do not treat it, it can lead to dangerous consequences up to oncology.

With the symptoms of this disease, you can contact the Treatment and Diagnostic Center “Kutuzovsky” for the advice of an experienced gastroenterologist.

How is a stomach ulcer formed and how dangerous it is

In fact, a peptic ulcer is a defect in the mucous membrane of the stomach or the part of the intestine that follows it. The ulcer looks like a local inflammation, which is much less protected from the corrosive acidic environment of the stomach than healthy areas of the mucous membrane.

The inflamed area is irritated by hydrochloric acid and other aggressive substances contained in gastric juice. Therefore, without treatment and correction of the diet, the condition only gets worse.

This can lead to dangerous consequences such as:

Internal bleeding.
Perforation, or perforation of an ulcer, when a defect forms at the site of inflammation, through which the contents of the stomach or intestines enter the abdominal cavity. This is an extremely dangerous condition in which an urgent operation is required.
Oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, provoked by an ulcer without timely treatment. If an ulcer is present in the stomach for more than six months, the patient may be referred for monitoring to an oncologist.

Like any chronic pathology, a stomach ulcer can go into a phase of exacerbation or remission. The task of the doctor in the treatment of ulcers is to mitigate the acute manifestations of the disease as quickly as possible and prevent serious complications.

What symptoms indicate an ulcer

You can recognize peptic ulcer by persistent discomfort associated with the digestive system.

The first and main symptom of the disease is burning pain. It is usually felt at night or between meals when you are hungry.Taking a soothing heartburn medication or having lunch will decrease the pain intensity. Pain caused by a stomach ulcer does not have to recur on a daily basis; it may come back every few days or less.

What other symptoms of a stomach ulcer usually bother in the acute phase:

Decreased appetite and weight;
Sour or bitter belching;
Severity in the stomach;
Nausea and vomiting;
Black stools (with an ulcer, this indicates hidden bleeding).

These signs accompany not only an ulcer, but also most other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract – from the most harmless to serious. It is important not to delay contacting a gastroenterologist at the Kutuzovsky Medical Center if you are worried about these symptoms. Only a specialist will be able to distinguish peptic ulcer from other gastrointestinal pathologies in adults and prescribe the correct treatment.

Causes of the disease

The onset and exacerbation of stomach ulcers can be triggered by factors such as:

Power supply errors over time;
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is a common cause of gastritis or ulcers on the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum;
The habit of smoking on an empty stomach, as well as frequent consumption of alcohol;
Severe stress and nervous strain;
Metabolic disorders.

In addition, some people have a genetic predisposition to peptic ulcer disease.

Diagnosis of stomach ulcers

At the first sign of a stomach ulcer, the doctor should order an examination. This is important to locate the inflamed areas in the stomach or intestines and to confirm that they are indeed present.

What diagnostic methods are used to detect a stomach ulcer and establish the cause of its appearance:

Endoscopic examination of the stomach and duodenum;
X-ray of the abdominal organs, with or without contrast;
Stool analysis – general, occult blood, coprogram;
Blood test – general clinical and biochemical;
Helicobacter pylori breath test.

If the diagnosis is confirmed, it is important to find out what caused the ulcer. This information will be given to the doctor by talking with the patient. Be ready to answer in detail the specialist’s questions during the consultation and tell about all unpleasant symptoms, your eating habits, medications taken, etc.

How to treat ulcers

It is important that the treatment of stomach ulcers is prompt and timely, otherwise the disease can lead to serious consequences.

Provided that the therapy is selected correctly, the ulcer heals and stops bothering the person in a fairly short time (from 2 weeks to 1 month, in rare cases – a little longer).It is usually not about complete recovery, but about the phase of remission, into which chronic peptic ulcer disease passes.

What means and methods of treatment will the attending physician recommend, depending on the reasons that provoked the exacerbation:

Antibacterial medicines, if peptic ulcer disease is caused by H. pylori.
Refusal of NSAIDs – anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs that irritate the mucous membranes. The doctor can, together with other specialized specialists, choose a sparing replacement for these drugs, if there is a need to take them constantly in connection with the pain syndrome.
Preparations that relieve the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. For 1-2 weeks, while healing is in progress, prescription medications can be taken that reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Thanks to their action, the inflamed area of the mucous membrane is less irritated.

At the same time, one cannot be guided by popular advice on how to treat a stomach ulcer: the process must be controlled by a doctor. Delaying and trying to alleviate the condition on your own can be very dangerous.

Prevention of peptic ulcer

In order not to face the symptoms of a stomach ulcer and not to treat it for several weeks, it is worth adhering to preventive measures.

Their basic principle is to avoid influences that provoke the disease:

Strong alcoholic beverages. Under the influence of alcohol, more gastric juice is secreted, and the gastrointestinal mucosa is irritated.
Smoking, especially on an empty stomach. Tobacco smoke weakens the protection of the mucous membrane from an aggressive environment, irritates the inner surface of the stomach and esophagus.
Medicines that irritate the mucous membranes. Take NSAIDs only if absolutely necessary and on the advice of your doctor.
Stress. Often, peptic ulcer disease is provoked by psychological reasons, so it is important to maintain a normal emotional state. Adequate amount of sleep, walks, sports – simple measures will help maintain the health of all systems and organs, including the stomach.

For prevention purposes, it is important to regularly repeat the examination of the gastrointestinal tract if you have previously been diagnosed with an exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease.

Special diet for peptic ulcer

A therapeutic diet for stomach ulcers is indicated not only in the phase of exacerbation of the disease, but also after the healing of inflammation on the mucous membrane. Chronic digestive problems require special nutrition throughout life.

What can peptic ulcer patients eat:

Porridge with water or milk;
Diet boiled poultry meat;
Lean fish and other healthy products that do not irritate the stomach lining.

All heavy, spicy, fatty foods will have to be excluded from the menu. It is better to choose foods that are soft in consistency and chew them thoroughly. You need to eat a little, but quite often. Detailed dietary advice and a complete list of permitted foods will be given by your healthcare professional at your appointment.

Make an appointment with a doctor in Moscow with stomach ulcer symptoms

At the first signs of illness, you can seek help from a specialist – a gastroenterologist at the Kutuzovsky Medical Center. At the appointment, the doctor will listen carefully to you, prescribe the necessary diagnostic examinations, select the methods of treatment and give detailed recommendations on the diet.We have a reception 7 days a week, including Saturday and Sunday.

The content of this article has been reviewed and confirmed to medical standards by a top-quality gastroenterologist. categories Grankova Tatyana Mikhailovna.

Publication checked by:

Diet for gastritis of the stomach | POSITIVEMED: POSITIVEMED

Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.This disease is quite common, especially in large cities.

If the “sore” nevertheless overcomes, then each meal can give a person a happy strong unpleasant sensations. But pain can be prevented by following certain rules of food intake.

What you can eat with gastritis

One of the important rules is that food for gastritis should be regular. Do not allow too long intervals between snacks. Eat preferably 5 times a day every 3 hours.Servings should be small, about 300 grams per meal.

There are two types of gastritis:

with low acidity;
with high acidity.

In the first case, it is recommended to eat foods that stimulate the production of gastric juice. And in the second – on the contrary, such products must be completely excluded. That is why it is so important to consult a gastroenterologist and go through all the necessary examinations, and not prescribe a diet for yourself.

Diet for gastritis with low acidity

To stimulate the secretion of gastric juice, with gastritis with low acidity in the first days after an exacerbation, meat and fish broths should be eaten as often as possible . After a while, when the acute pain has passed, you can add mashed soups and liquid cereals to the menu . steamed fish or meat cutlets, boiled chicken, vegetable purees, cottage cheese, boiled eggs and steamed omelets will be useful.Also allowed jelly and berry mousses .

It is necessary to give up all fatty and fried, vegetables rich in dietary fiber, tough meat, smoked meats, whole milk, any carbonated drinks and fresh pastries made from butter dough (this also includes bread).

What foods can be eaten with gastritis with high acidity

The first two to three weeks after the aggravation of the menu should be very gentle. It is allowed to eat chicken broth soups with the addition of chopped cereals and milk soups.Milk lowers acidity, so you should not give it up. Non-fat milk can be added to tea or cereals. Allowed young vegetables , boiled or steamed. It is best to puree them. A few weeks after an exacerbation, if the condition has returned to normal, you can eat boiled soft-boiled eggs, fish and lean meat with – boiled, baked without oil and fatty sauces, or steamed. Like vegetables, meat and fish need to be minced.The most suitable option is cutlets, soufflés, meatballs or dumplings. Flour is also allowed – you can eat white crackers, biscuits and pastries from unleavened dough .

The diet for gastritis with high acidity prohibits pancakes, buns and rye bread. You can also not eat fatty and fried foods, dairy products, sausages, smoked meats and canned food. Avoid onions, cabbage, tomatoes, mushrooms, pickles and pickles, limit your intake of raw fruits – however, you can eat baked apples and berry jelly.

Where to get diagnostics of gastrointestinal diseases?

For effective treatment of gastritis, timely and reliable diagnosis is required. Many laboratories offer testing under the “gastropanel” program, which provides an opportunity to get a complete picture of the disease and allows you to make recommendations for treatment. In our medical center, you can pass all the necessary tests for gastritis, as well as many other complex and single tests.

Everything about gastritis: how to recognize and treat it

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All about gastritis: how to recognize and treat it

All about gastritis: how to recognize and treat it – RIA Novosti, 10/18/2021

All about gastritis: how to recognize and treat it

Gastritis is considered one of the most common diseases that affects adults and children. On symptoms and treatment – in the material RIA Novosti. RIA Novosti, 18.10.2021

2021-01-18T20: 44

2021-10-18T12: 17

society

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health – society

health

russia

healthy lifestyle (healthy lifestyle)

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MOSCOW, 18 Jan – RIA Novosti. Gastritis is considered one of the most common diseases that occurs in adults and children. On symptoms and treatment – in the material RIA Novosti. What is gastritis? Gastritis is an inflammatory process of the gastric mucosa, which develops over the years and leads to a violation of its main functions, especially secretory. With the disease, epithelial cells atrophy, their regeneration worsens and the mucous membrane becomes thinner.Because of this, incoming food is poorly digested and nutrients are less absorbed. According to statistics, gastritis accounts for 80-85% of all stomach diseases. Its risk increases with age, but it also occurs in children. The disease can be asymptomatic without causing discomfort to the patient. In most cases, gastritis can be cured with proper diagnosis of its cause. Causes and symptoms of the disease In the 90s of the last century, scientists established the bacterial origin of the disease. It turned out that many stomach ulcers and gastritis are caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which can exist in the aggressive environment of the stomach.In addition, the disease occurs due to autoimmune processes, when the body itself destroys the mucous membrane. Another reason is long-term use of medications, for example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as exposure to other chemicals. Unhealthy diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, frequent stress, metabolic disorders, allergic reactions, viral infections, weakened immunity, radiation, overeating, diseases of other organs, parasites can also lead to gastritis.Symptoms of gastritis typically include heaviness after eating, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, belching, and bloating. Appetite may also disappear, general weakness may occur. With an exacerbation of gastritis, the same symptoms appear. Complications of the disease include anemia, ulcers, rupture of the stomach wall, bleeding, tumors on the mucous membrane. Types of gastritis There are two forms of the disease: acute and chronic. Acute gastritis is of the following types: Chronic gastritis becomes when inflammation of the stomach with specific symptoms recurs regularly for a long time.It comes with increased and decreased acidity. Home Therapy Basics It is important how the food was cooked. “Food should be eaten mashed, boiled or steamed,” the doctor continued. “Some dishes are baked without a crust. You can eat fish and non-coarse meats, but you should chew them well. Salt is moderately limited, very cold and hot dishes are excluded Diet: 5-6 times a day Before going to bed, you can drink milk, cream.With gastritis with low acidity, the diet is physiologically complete, with moderate stimulation of the secretion of the digestive organs. Recommended soups on low-fat vegetable broths, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, low-fat meats, jelly, compote, vegetables in the form of puddings, cutlets, cocoa, coffee with milk, butter, sunflower oil. “Traditional medicine in the treatment of gastritis Experts agree that attempts to cure gastritis at home can threaten complications and will not lead to anything good. Treatment At the first sign of illness, you should immediately consult a doctor.Drug therapy includes antisecretory drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice, gastroprotectors, antispasmodics, prokinetics, antibacterial drugs in the presence of infection, drugs that promote the healing of mucosal erosions. Treatment of acute gastritis in the initial stage, as a rule, begins with gastric lavage. Then food cannot be eaten during the day, later the list of permitted foods is expanded. Treatment of chronic gastritis is a whole range of measures aimed at improving the patient’s condition.They are prescribed by a doctor.

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MOSCOW, January 18 – RIA Novosti. Gastritis is considered one of the most common diseases that affects adults and children. On symptoms and treatment – in the material RIA Novosti.

What is gastritis?

Gastritis is an inflammatory process of the gastric mucosa, which develops over the years and leads to a violation of its main functions, especially secretory. With the disease, epithelial cells atrophy, their regeneration worsens and the mucous membrane becomes thinner. Because of this, incoming food is poorly digested and nutrients are less absorbed.According to statistics, gastritis accounts for 80-85% of all stomach diseases. Its risk increases with age, but it also occurs in children. The disease can be asymptomatic without causing discomfort to the patient. In most cases, gastritis can be cured with proper diagnosis of its cause.

Causes and symptoms of the disease

In the 90s of the last century, scientists established the bacterial origin of the disease. It turned out that many stomach ulcers and gastritis are caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which can exist in the aggressive environment of the stomach.In addition, the disease occurs due to autoimmune processes, when the body itself destroys the mucous membrane.

January 18, 07:38

The doctor named diseases indicated by low iron levels Another reason is long-term use of drugs, for example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as exposure to other chemicals. Unhealthy diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, frequent stress, metabolic disorders, allergic reactions, viral infections, weakened immunity, radiation, overeating, diseases of other organs, parasites can also lead to gastritis.

Symptoms of gastritis typically include heaviness after eating, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, belching, and bloating. Appetite may also disappear, general weakness may occur. With an exacerbation of gastritis, the same symptoms appear.

Complications of the disease include anemia, ulcers, rupture of the stomach wall, bleeding, tumors on the mucous membrane.

Types of gastritis

There are two forms of the disease: acute and chronic. Acute gastritis is of the following types:

–
Catarrhal gastritis.Most often it appears as a result of allergies, malnutrition or poisoning. It has a mild form, in which the upper layer of the mucous membrane is affected.
–
Fibrinous gastritis. With it, diphtheria inflammation of the mucous membrane occurs, and the stomach is covered with a film of protein – fibrin. Symptoms for this disease are vomiting, abdominal pain and fever.
–
Erosive gastritis. It affects the mucous membrane and causes the formation of erosion on it;
–
Phlegmonous gastritis.It is characterized by purulent inflammation of the stomach walls. It occurs due to injuries, complications after ulcers and other serious diseases.

Chronic gastritis becomes when inflammation of the stomach with specific symptoms recurs regularly over time. It comes with increased and decreased acidity.

Basics of home therapy

“Treatment of gastritis at home means normalizing the lifestyle, observing the work and rest regimen and dietary recommendations, exercising,” Svetlana Gruk, a gastroenterologist at the MedicCity clinic, told RIA Novosti.- You also need to fully sleep, give up smoking and alcohol, take drugs that restore the gastric mucosa and relieve inflammation. If gastritis is with high acidity, then strong causative agents of gastric secretion are limited. For example, spicy, fatty, fried food, alcohol, coffee, flour, fermented milk products. “

It is important in what way the dish was cooked. doctor.- Individual dishes are baked without a crust. Fish and coarse meats can be eaten, but chew well. Table salt is moderately limited, very cold and hot dishes are excluded. Diet: 5-6 times a day. Before going to bed, you can drink milk, cream. With gastritis with low acidity, the diet is physiologically complete, with moderate stimulation of the secretion of the digestive organs. Soups based on low-fat vegetable broths, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, low-fat meats, jelly, compote, vegetables in the form of puddings, cutlets, cocoa, coffee with milk, butter, sunflower oil are recommended. “

January 7, 07:00 HYBRH How to get rid of heartburn? Gastroenterologist answers

Traditional medicine in the treatment of gastritis

“Folk remedies are not only not indicated in the treatment of gastritis, but can also aggravate the patient’s condition. Treatment tactics directly depend on the etiology of the disease, concomitant diseases of the patient,” commented the specialist.

Experts agree that attempts to cure gastritis at home can lead to complications and will not lead to anything good.

Treatment

At the first sign of illness, you should immediately consult a doctor.

“The doctor will prescribe the necessary examinations to establish the etiology of the disease, assess the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa, select medications, and also give recommendations for spa treatment for gastritis during the period of subsiding exacerbation of the disease,” Svetlana Gruk emphasized.

Drug therapy includes antisecretory drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice, gastroprotectors, antispasmodics, prokinetics, antibacterial drugs in the presence of infection, drugs that promote the healing of mucosal erosions.

Treatment of acute gastritis in the initial stage, as a rule, begins with gastric lavage. Then food cannot be eaten during the day, later the list of permitted foods is expanded.

Treatment of chronic gastritis is a whole range of measures aimed at improving the patient’s condition. They are prescribed by a doctor.

16 July 2020, 09:07

The oncologist named the symptoms that are mistaken for gastritis 90,000 Gastroduodenitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Gastroduodenitis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa that spreads to the mucous membranes of the duodenum.In this case, the duodenum suffers from a secondary process at the moment when the inflammation passes to it from the gastric mucosa.

Gastroduodenitis belongs to the category of chronic gastritis due to the secondary involvement of the duodenum. The risk group includes children and young people to a greater extent, because by the time of mature and middle age, the peculiarity of the functioning of the valve between the stomach and the duodenum disappears.

The main causes of gastroduodenitis lie in unhealthy diet, stress and genetic predisposition.Side factors for the development of the disease are Helicobacter bacteria, smoking, chronic tonsillitis, caries, intestinal infections and diseases of the liver, pancreas or gallbladder.

In the case of the presence of an underlying disease, gastroduodenitis is in the nature of a secondary disease. In the event that the development of pathology occurred by itself, it is primary.

Symptoms and signs

The primary signs of gastroduodenitis are pain.Acute gastroduodenitis is manifested by the following symptoms:

feeling of heaviness;
Acute pain in the navel and in the pit of the stomach;
nausea and vomiting;
Belching with air or acidic liquid contents;

90,017 dizziness;

severe heartburn.

Symptoms of gastroduodenitis appear in a short period of time, but are pronounced. Moreover, often the secondary form has signs of the underlying disease to a greater extent.

The acute form of pathology has a cyclical nature of the onset of symptoms. The severity of the signs depends on:

the depth and area of the lesion by inflammation;
acidity level;
general condition of the body.

Chronic gastroduodenitis has the following symptoms:

Overcrowding and heaviness in the epigastric region;
aching pain on an ongoing basis before meals and a couple of hours after;
heartburn before meals;
pains are accompanied by nausea;
mild pain during palpation;
White coating on the tongue, bitterness or metallic taste in the mouth;
irritability, fatigue, insomnia, weight loss with the same level of appetite;
constipation with a high level of acidity;
Frequent change of constipation and diarrhea with reduced secretion.

During exacerbations, these symptoms become pronounced. Intense pain is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, heartburn.

Do you have symptoms of gastroduodenitis?

Only a doctor can accurately diagnose the disease.
Do not delay the consultation – call

+7 (495) 775-73-60

Reasons for the emergence and development

All causes of gastroduodenitis can be divided into several groups:

endogenous or internal – lack of mucus production, high acid production, disorders in hormonal secretion, genetic predisposition, chronic diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx, for example, caries or inflammation of the tonsils, as well as the liver and biliary tract;
exogenous or external – irregular diet, alcohol abuse, psychological factors, for example, stress and overload, abuse of hot or cold, fatty and spicy, rough food, prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory or antibacterial drugs, infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

In practice, the disease develops and progresses under the influence of several factors at the same time.

Classification

There are a number of signs for the identification of types of gastroduodenitis – the severity of the inflammatory process and the level of acidity.

According to the severity of inflammation, it happens:

superficial gastroduodenitis – an acute form with swelling and thickening of the folds of the membrane;
hypertrophic gastroduodenitis – redness and white bloom, as well as hemorrhages with small dots;
mixed gastroduodenitis – a hypertrophic form with the addition of atrophy of the mucous membranes;
erosive gastroduodenitis – a large number of erosive places or ulcers on the surface in the form of a film or plaque, is the last stage before the ulcer.

According to the acidity level, there are:

Increased acidity is accompanied by increased gastric secretion – the most common;
normal secretion;
decreased secretion accompanies malignant neoplasms of the stomach.

There are a number of atypical forms of gastroduodenitis that are characterized by the absence of symptoms.

Complications

The most important negative consequence is the transition of gastroduodenitis to gastric and duodenal ulcers.As a result of the appearance of these diseases, the risk of bleeding and gastric perforation increases. In addition, the damaged mucous membrane becomes a favorable environment for the development of stomach cancer.

When to see a doctor

If you suspect the development of gastroduodenitis or the appearance of primary symptoms, you should contact a gastroenterologist for help. After all, the neglected form of pathology brings tremendous discomfort and limits the activity of the usual life.At the same time, the risk of opening bleeding or perforation increases with the delay in the visit to the doctor.

In JSC “Medicine” (the clinic of Academician Roitberg) specialists of various fields work, there is the most modern equipment and various types of examinations are carried out. You can make an appointment and choose a doctor on the website, by phone +7 (495) 775-73-60 or at the administrators at the clinic: Moscow, 2nd Tverskoy-Yamskaya pereulok, 10.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of gastroduodenitis can be carried out in two directions:

endoscopy – determines the degree of damage and the condition of the mucous membranes;
histology – determines the relevance of inflammation of the mucous membranes, shows the presence of atrophy and the degree of its development.

As additional survey measures are used:

fluoroscopy;
pH meter using a special probe;
Ultrasound provides a general overview.

In the process of diagnosis, it is extremely important to determine the type and form of the course of the disease, which are the determining factor in choosing a treatment method.

Treatment

Treatment of gastroduodenitis is complex, consisting of drug therapy and diet therapy.With the development of concomitant pathologies or exacerbation of the disease, sometimes radical methods of treatment are required.

In the presence of a bacterial component of the pathology, the use of antibiotics is necessary. In a general sense, drug treatment consists of the following groups of drugs:

pain relievers;
enzymes;
sedatives;

90,017 antacids;

stimulants of reparative processes.

Diet therapy involves the use of several developed techniques:

increased and normal secretion – diet number 1;
decreased secretion – diet number 2;
during the period of remission – diet number 15;
the presence of constipation in remission – diet number 3;
the presence of diarrhea in remission – diet number 4.

Diet therapy

Diets 1, 2 and 15 have a number of general rules:

temperature regime of food and drink at the average level – excluding hot and cold;
To exclude spices of spicy, pungent or other sharp taste;
food should be finely chopped, and the consistency of the dish should be soft;
fractional and frequent meals – a portion of no more than two handfuls 5-6 times a day;
meals equally distant from each other – no more than 2-3 hours between meals;
last meal 2 hours before bedtime.

Drug treatment

If there is a positive reaction in the results of studies on the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, it is imperative to use antibiotics, and in case of a negative reaction, such drugs are not required.

The course of drug therapy includes drugs in order to increase acidity in gastroduodenitis, relieve pain, reduce acidity instead of antisecretory agents, and normalize the work of the esophagus.

Folk recipes

Additional home treatment can be obtained through the use of traditional medicine recipes. Before you start using it, you should consult your doctor. Among the popular recipes are the following – infusion of flax seeds, a decoction of oats for healing, a decoction of fresh mint instead of regular tea, nettle boiled in milk with the addition of honey, infusion of calendula, a mixture of chamomile leaves, St. John’s wort, nettle and plantain.

Prevention

Prevention of gastroduodenitis has two directions – prevention of exacerbations of chronic gastroduodenitis and prevention of the development of pathology. The complex of preventive measures includes:

healthy lifestyle;
exclusion of bad habits;
moderate physical activity;
alcohol restriction;
compliance with the daily routine – sleep, rest and work;
taking vitamins;
strengthening the immune system;
timeliness of treatment of infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

What is gastritis? Symptoms, causes, methods of treatment and prevention of gastritis

Contents:

Gastritis is very common – from 80 to 90% of the population are faced with this ailment. Mostly middle-aged and older people are ill, but recently the disease has become very “younger”, and now you can meet many school-age children who already have gastritis.

This disease should not be underestimated.If gastritis is left untreated, it becomes chronic, and over time it can develop into a stomach ulcer. The danger of an ulcer is that it sometimes leads to cancer.

Gastritis – what is this disease?

Very few people do not know what gastritis is. The disease is so common that almost everyone has heard of it.

Gastritis is a stomach disorder in which the stomach lining becomes inflamed and becomes unable to repair itself, which leads to a change in acidity and digestive problems.Food can no longer be fully absorbed, which is why a person does not receive the necessary nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and this negatively affects health and well-being.

Many factors lead to the onset of the disease, including malnutrition, chronic stress and the gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori. This bacterium is highly contagious and is transmitted through common objects such as dishes in the kitchen or kissing.

How is gastritis manifested?

Symptoms and signs of the disease are:

Sharp and sharp pain in the stomach, behind the breastbone.
Nausea.
Flatulence.
There may be vomiting in some cases.
Frequent heartburn, burning sensation in the esophagus.
Sour or rotten odor from the mouth.
Discomfort in the stomach on an empty stomach.
Taste in the mouth can be unpleasant.
A plaque appears on the tongue.
Belching with a sour smell and taste.
Heaviness in the stomach, feeling of fullness.
Fast satiety, although very little food was eaten.
Loss of appetite.
Feeling of general weakness.
Disorders of digestion in the form of diarrhea, stools may be mucus or bloody.

Types of gastritis

There are two main forms of the disease: acute, which occurs suddenly, and chronic, which develops gradually, if gastritis is not treated at the acute stage.

As a result, inflammation of the stomach leads to a violation of acidity – it can both increase and decrease.

Acute gastritis

The acute form begins very quickly and is usually triggered by some external factor, for example, when eating unhealthy food, alcohol, chemical toxins or Helicobacter pylori ingestion.

Severe stomach pain occurs about half an hour after eating and does not go away within one or two hours.

Chronic gastritis

In almost 90% of cases, the disease becomes chronic if the acute form of gastritis is not treated. This means that all the symptoms of the acute form are constantly present, but not so pronounced.

Chronic gastritis is terrible because, without treatment, inflammation of the gastric mucosa becomes permanent, and this leads to cell atrophy.

At the moment, there are many classifications of this type of disease, the most popular is the classification of McKay and Strickland.According to her, chronic gastritis is of 4 types:

A. Has an autoimmune character.
V. It is manifested as a result of organ damage by a specific bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
C. Occurs due to chemical damage to the gastric mucosa.
AB. It is characterized by a combination of bacterial infections and autoimmune lesions.

Low acidity

This is gastritis, which occurs due to low acidity in the stomach.The acid is very important as it disinfects food from pathogenic bacteria and breaks down fat. If the acidity is low, bacteria multiply, and inflammation of the stomach walls occurs.

The main symptom of this form is putrid breath and belching with the smell of a rotten egg. This is because, due to a lack of gastric juice, food cannot be completely digested, and decay processes begin.

With increased acidity

When acidity is elevated, gastric juice begins to eat away at the walls of the stomach, which causes inflammation.The danger is that ulcers and even cancer can develop.

Signs of gastritis in this form are manifested in the form of frequent heartburn, stomach pain before meals and after sleep, a sour smell comes from the mouth, and food intake is accompanied by belching.

Why does it arise?

Initially, gastritis can be triggered by such possible reasons:

poisoning;
the use of harmful, fatty, fried, spicy, salty and low-quality food;
alcohol abuse;
90,038 taking certain medications;
food allergies;
ingestion of chemical and toxic substances into the stomach;
infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
infection in the upper respiratory tract and esophagus;
Chronic stress and nervous strain, constant fatigue.

In response to these reasons, an acute manifestation of gastritis begins. If it is not treated and the causes are not eradicated, then the acute form becomes chronic.

How is it diagnosed?

It is impossible to diagnose gastritis by external signs and symptoms alone. But the presence of symptoms is the reason for contacting a doctor who will prescribe tests to establish a diagnosis.

Usually, in this case, a general blood test, feces analysis, urease test and fibrogastroscopy are prescribed, which allows you to establish the degree of inflammation of the stomach walls and determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori.

Gastritis treatment

Treatment of gastritis is always complex, since you cannot remove only unpleasant symptoms – you need to eradicate the cause that caused the disease. Therapy most often includes the following tablets for gastritis:

If an acute attack occurs, then usually the first thing to take is enterosorbents:

Very often use Meverin for gastritis. Meverin relieves intestinal cramps and relieves pain.Also, No-Shpu can be used as antispasmodics.

If the patient has vomiting or is severely nauseous, then appoint Cerucal or Motilium .

For gastritis with high acidity, antacids Almagel and Maalox are indicated.

But if the acidity is low, then there is a need for enzyme preparations – Creon , Mezim , Panzinorm .

If the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is found, antibiotics are prescribed Amoxil or Clarithromycin .

How to eat with gastritis?

Nutrition for gastritis plays a decisive role. It’s not enough to just treat an acute attack, and then return to chips, beer, stress and fried potatoes – the disease will not keep you waiting long for a relapse. Therefore, a diet for gastritis is required.

With increased acidity, table number 1 is assigned, and with reduced acidity, table number 2 is assigned

The diet should be healthy and varied. Meals only in small portions and about 5 or 6 times a day.It is necessary to completely exclude all fried, fatty, salty, spicy and harmful, alcohol, coffee, too hot and cold food.

What can you eat with gastritis? You can use pasta, boiled lean meat and fish, boiled vegetables, potatoes, unfried light soups in meat broth, fruits (best of all, bananas, peaches and apricots). There are many types of porridge: semolina, oatmeal, rice and buckwheat.

At low acidity, acidic products are allowed – kefir and yogurt, milk and cottage cheese.

Permitted sweets are sweet fruit jam, mousse, jelly, marshmallow, marshmallow. But chocolate and sweets, cookies and cakes should not be consumed.

If you have a stomach ache and you do not know what the reason is, coffee may be to blame, or pancreatic inflammation may be. Be sure to see your doctor and read our new article on pancreatitis for informational purposes.

How often do you think about the bad? Did you know that negative thoughts can affect health and even lead to disease.Read only interesting facts about the power of thought and psychosomatics in our new interview with a psychologist .

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This editorial material has been verified for accuracy by gastroenterologist Medical Center Medical Plaza – Raspopova Irina Ivanovna .

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