What is buspirone used for. How does buspirone work. What are the common side effects of buspirone. How should buspirone be taken. Can buspirone worsen anxiety. What precautions should be taken when using buspirone.

Understanding Buspirone: The Generic Alternative to Buspar

Buspirone, originally marketed under the brand name Buspar, is an anxiolytic medication primarily used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). While Buspar is no longer available on the market, its generic equivalent, buspirone, continues to be prescribed and offers the same therapeutic benefits. This article delves into the various aspects of buspirone, providing valuable insights for those considering or currently using this medication.

The Mechanism of Action: How Buspirone Works to Alleviate Anxiety

Buspirone belongs to a class of medications known as anxiolytics. Unlike other anti-anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines or barbiturates, buspirone has a unique mechanism of action. It works by altering the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly serotonin and dopamine. This modulation of brain chemistry helps to reduce anxiety symptoms and promote a sense of calmness.

Key Points About Buspirone’s Mechanism:

• Targets specific neurotransmitters in the brain
• Does not act as a sedative like some other anti-anxiety medications
• May enhance the effects of antidepressants when used in combination
• Takes several weeks to reach full therapeutic effect

Indications and Uses: When Is Buspirone Prescribed?

Buspirone is primarily prescribed for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). GAD is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life, occurring on most days for at least six months. Buspirone can help individuals with GAD experience reduced anxiety, improved clarity of thought, and decreased worry.

Common Symptoms Buspirone May Alleviate:

• Excessive worry and anxiety
• Irritability
• Difficulty concentrating
• Sleep disturbances
• Increased heart rate
• Sweating

Is buspirone effective for other anxiety disorders? While primarily approved for GAD, some healthcare providers may prescribe buspirone off-label for other anxiety-related conditions. However, its efficacy in these cases may vary, and it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Dosage and Administration: How to Take Buspirone Correctly

Proper administration of buspirone is crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic benefits while minimizing side effects. Typically, buspirone is taken orally in tablet form, usually twice daily. The dosage and frequency may vary depending on individual needs and response to the medication.

Key Points for Taking Buspirone:

1. Follow the prescribed dosage and schedule carefully
2. Take consistently with or without food, but maintain consistency
3. Do not alter dosage without consulting your healthcare provider
4. Allow several weeks for the medication to reach full effectiveness
5. Do not abruptly discontinue use without medical guidance

How long does it take for buspirone to start working? Patients should be aware that the full benefits of buspirone may not be apparent for 3-4 weeks after starting treatment. It’s important to continue taking the medication as prescribed, even if immediate improvements are not noticed.

Side Effects: Understanding Potential Reactions to Buspirone

Like all medications, buspirone can cause side effects. While many people tolerate the medication well, it’s important to be aware of potential adverse reactions. Common side effects are typically mild and may subside as the body adjusts to the medication.

Common Side Effects of Buspirone:

• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Nervousness
• Lightheadedness
• Difficulty sleeping
• Excitement or restlessness

Can buspirone cause serious side effects? While less common, some individuals may experience more severe reactions. These can include allergic reactions, chest pain, or severe muscle stiffness. It’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention if any serious side effects occur.

Drug Interactions: Medications to Avoid While Taking Buspirone

Buspirone can interact with various medications and substances, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. It’s essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.

Notable Interactions to Be Aware Of:

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Certain antifungal medications
• Some antibiotics
• Grapefruit juice
• St. John’s Wort

How does alcohol affect buspirone? Alcohol can increase the sedative effects of buspirone and may exacerbate side effects such as dizziness and drowsiness. It’s generally advisable to avoid alcohol while taking this medication.

Precautions and Warnings: Important Considerations for Buspirone Use

While buspirone is generally considered safe and effective when used as prescribed, there are certain precautions and warnings to keep in mind. These are particularly important for specific populations or individuals with certain medical conditions.

Key Precautions:

• Inform your doctor of any kidney or liver problems
• Discuss any history of drug abuse or dependence
• Use caution if operating heavy machinery or driving, especially when first starting the medication
• Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding

Is buspirone safe for long-term use? Current evidence suggests that buspirone is safe for long-term use when taken as prescribed. However, regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are important to monitor the medication’s effectiveness and any potential long-term effects.

Comparing Buspirone to Other Anxiety Medications

Buspirone stands out from other anxiety medications due to its unique mechanism of action and side effect profile. Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone does not cause physical dependence and has a lower risk of abuse. It also doesn’t typically cause the sedation often associated with other anti-anxiety medications.

Advantages of Buspirone Over Other Anxiolytics:

• Lower risk of dependence and abuse
• Does not impair cognitive function as significantly
• Less likely to cause withdrawal symptoms
• Can be used long-term with fewer concerns about tolerance

How does buspirone compare to SSRIs for anxiety treatment? While both can be effective for anxiety, buspirone typically has fewer sexual side effects and weight gain issues compared to SSRIs. However, SSRIs may be more effective for individuals with comorbid depression.

Managing Expectations: What to Anticipate When Starting Buspirone

When beginning treatment with buspirone, it’s important to have realistic expectations about its effects and timeline. Understanding what to anticipate can help patients remain committed to their treatment plan and communicate effectively with their healthcare provider.

Key Points for New Buspirone Users:

1. Full effects may not be noticeable for 3-4 weeks
2. Initial side effects may occur but often subside
3. Regular communication with your healthcare provider is crucial
4. Dosage adjustments may be necessary to find the optimal level
5. Combining buspirone with therapy may enhance overall treatment outcomes

Can buspirone make anxiety worse initially? Some patients may experience a temporary increase in anxiety symptoms when first starting buspirone. This is typically short-lived and should subside as the body adjusts to the medication. If anxiety worsens significantly or persistently, it’s important to consult with your healthcare provider.

Lifestyle Considerations While Taking Buspirone

While buspirone can be an effective tool in managing anxiety, combining medication with lifestyle changes can often lead to better overall outcomes. Adopting healthy habits and coping strategies can complement the effects of buspirone and contribute to improved mental well-being.

Lifestyle Tips for Buspirone Users:

• Engage in regular physical exercise
• Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation or deep breathing
• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
• Limit caffeine and alcohol intake
• Consider joining support groups or seeking therapy

How can diet affect buspirone’s efficacy? While there are no specific dietary restrictions for buspirone users, maintaining a balanced diet rich in nutrients can support overall mental health. It’s also important to be aware that grapefruit and grapefruit juice can interact with buspirone and should be avoided.

Monitoring and Follow-Up: Ensuring Optimal Treatment with Buspirone

Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are essential components of successful treatment with buspirone. These check-ins allow healthcare providers to assess the medication’s effectiveness, make necessary adjustments, and address any concerns or side effects.

Key Aspects of Buspirone Monitoring:

1. Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider
2. Tracking of anxiety symptoms and improvements
3. Reporting any new or persistent side effects
4. Discussing any changes in overall health or other medications
5. Evaluating the need for dosage adjustments

How often should buspirone dosage be reassessed? The frequency of reassessment can vary depending on individual response and needs. Initially, more frequent check-ins may be necessary, with follow-ups becoming less frequent as treatment stabilizes. However, any significant changes in symptoms or side effects should prompt a consultation with your healthcare provider.

Special Populations: Considerations for Specific Groups Using Buspirone

While buspirone is generally safe for most adults, certain populations may require special considerations or closer monitoring when using this medication. Understanding these specific needs can help ensure safe and effective treatment for all individuals.

Special Considerations for:

• Elderly patients
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Individuals with kidney or liver impairment
• Patients with a history of substance abuse
• Children and adolescents

Is buspirone safe for use during pregnancy? The safety of buspirone during pregnancy has not been definitively established. Pregnant women or those planning to become pregnant should discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider to make an informed decision about treatment.

Alternative and Complementary Approaches to Anxiety Management

While buspirone can be an effective treatment for anxiety, it’s often most beneficial when used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Exploring alternative and complementary approaches can provide additional tools for managing anxiety and improving overall mental health.

Complementary Approaches to Consider:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Mindfulness and meditation practices
• Acupuncture
• Herbal supplements (under medical supervision)
• Regular exercise routines

Can natural remedies be used alongside buspirone? Some natural remedies may be safely used in conjunction with buspirone, but it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before adding any supplements or alternative treatments to your regimen. Some natural products can interact with buspirone or affect its efficacy.

The Future of Anxiety Treatment: Emerging Research and Developments

As our understanding of anxiety disorders continues to evolve, researchers are constantly exploring new treatment options and refining existing approaches. While buspirone remains a valuable tool in the treatment of anxiety, ongoing research may lead to new medications or therapeutic strategies in the future.

Areas of Current Research Interest:

• Novel anxiolytic compounds
• Personalized medicine approaches to anxiety treatment
• Combination therapies involving medication and psychotherapy
• Neuroimaging studies to better understand anxiety’s impact on the brain
• Potential applications of buspirone for other mental health conditions

What new developments are on the horizon for anxiety treatment? While it’s difficult to predict future breakthroughs, ongoing research is exploring areas such as ketamine-based treatments, psychedelic-assisted therapy, and advanced neurobiological interventions. These emerging fields may offer new options for individuals who don’t respond well to current treatments like buspirone.

Buspar (buspirone): Side effects, dosage, uses

Buspar is a discontinued brand name version of the drug buspirone, which treats anxiety. Although Buspar is no longer available on the market, people can instead take the generic form, which is chemically identical. A person should only take buspirone as their doctor directs, as it can have side effects.

Buspirone may help individuals with anxiety feel more relaxed, think more clearly, and worry less. The medication may also help with feelings of irritability and other anxiety-related symptoms, such as an increased heartbeat, sweating, and difficulty sleeping.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Buspar for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in 1986. A doctor can diagnose a person with GAD if they have been experiencing excessive anxiety and worry on most days over a period of at least 6 months.

Although Buspar is no longer available, the FDA confirmed that its withdrawal from the market was not due to concerns regarding safety or effectiveness.

In this article, we provide more information on buspirone, including how to take it, common side effects, and whether it can make anxiety worse.

Buspirone belongs to a class of medications called anxiolytics, or anti-anxiety medications. Doctors prescribe it to treat symptoms of anxiety disorders or the disorders themselves in the short term.

Buspirone works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. It is not an antidepressant, but older research suggests that it may enhance the action of antidepressant medication.

The drug does not have a link to other anti-anxiety medications, such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines.

People take buspirone by mouth, usually in tablet form, and they will generally need to take it twice a day. Although a person can take the drug with or without food, they should be consistent across doses and take it the same way each time.

It is important to take buspirone according to the instructions on the label and as a doctor has directed. A person should not take buspirone more or less often than their prescription states.

A doctor may start a person on a low dosage of buspirone and gradually increase it. It may take several weeks to determine the most effective dosage for a person.

The National Alliance on Mental Illness notes that a person should not operate heavy machinery or drive a vehicle until they know how the medication affects them, as it may cause dizziness or tiredness. They should also avoid the use of alcohol, which can increase these symptoms.

It may take 3–4 weeks before a person starts to feel the benefits of buspirone, so they should not stop taking the medication without speaking with their doctor first.

If a person misses a dose, they should take it as soon as they remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, they should skip the missed dose and continue with their regular schedule. A person should not double dose to make up for a missed tablet.

Buspirone may cause several side effects. A person should speak with their doctor if the symptoms do not go away or are severe. Side effects can include:

• headaches
• dizziness
• nausea
• confusion
• diarrhea
• fatigue
• nervousness
• weakness
• increased sweating
• difficulty falling or staying asleep
• excitement
• feelings of anger or hostility
• lightheadedness
• numbness

Certain side effects can be serious, and they may sometimes be cause for concern. A person should speak with their doctor if they experience:

• swelling by the mouth, throat, lips, tongue, or eyes
• a rash
• itching
• a fast or irregular heartbeat
• blurred vision
• uncontrollable shaking
• hives
• agitation
• fever
• severe muscle stiffness or twitching
• hallucinations
• loss of coordination
• vomiting

A person needs to take buspirone continuously for several weeks for it to be fully effective.

If a person misses doses or abruptly stops taking the medication without consulting a doctor, they may feel more anxious.

There are no known problems associated with the long-term use of buspirone, and doctors consider it a safe and effective medication when a person uses it according to their prescription.

A person should seek immediate medical care if they or someone else has overdosed on buspirone.

It is also essential to call 911 immediately if a person:

• has collapsed
• is having trouble breathing
• has had a seizure
• is unresponsive to attempts to wake them

If someone has chest pain, changes in blood pressure, fainting, or muscle cramps, they should see a doctor as soon as possible. A person should also contact their doctor if they experience any serious or persistent side effects or notice symptoms of an allergic reaction. These symptoms might include swelling in the face or throat.

It is advisable for people to discuss all other medications that they are taking with their doctor, as certain medications, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, may interact with buspirone.

People should also seek medical advice before taking buspirone when pregnant or breastfeeding, as the drug may carry potential risks for them or the baby.

Buspar is a discontinued branded version of buspirone, an anxiolytic medication that treats anxiety disorders.

A person may need to take buspirone for 3–4 weeks before they feel the benefits of it. They should not stop taking the medication without consulting a professional.

Common side effects of the drug include headaches, fatigue, dizziness, and nausea. Serious side effects may include a rash, hallucinations, uncontrollable shaking, and swelling around the mouth, throat, or eyes.

A person should contact a doctor if they overdose on buspirone or experience serious or persistent side effects or an allergic reaction.

Buspirone does not generally make anxiety worse, but missing doses or abruptly stopping the medication may have adverse effects.

Buspar (buspirone): Side effects, dosage, uses

Buspar is a discontinued brand name version of the drug buspirone, which treats anxiety. Although Buspar is no longer available on the market, people can instead take the generic form, which is chemically identical. A person should only take buspirone as their doctor directs, as it can have side effects.

Buspirone may help individuals with anxiety feel more relaxed, think more clearly, and worry less. The medication may also help with feelings of irritability and other anxiety-related symptoms, such as an increased heartbeat, sweating, and difficulty sleeping.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Buspar for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in 1986. A doctor can diagnose a person with GAD if they have been experiencing excessive anxiety and worry on most days over a period of at least 6 months.

Although Buspar is no longer available, the FDA confirmed that its withdrawal from the market was not due to concerns regarding safety or effectiveness.

In this article, we provide more information on buspirone, including how to take it, common side effects, and whether it can make anxiety worse.

Buspirone belongs to a class of medications called anxiolytics, or anti-anxiety medications. Doctors prescribe it to treat symptoms of anxiety disorders or the disorders themselves in the short term.

Buspirone works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. It is not an antidepressant, but older research suggests that it may enhance the action of antidepressant medication.

The drug does not have a link to other anti-anxiety medications, such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines.

People take buspirone by mouth, usually in tablet form, and they will generally need to take it twice a day. Although a person can take the drug with or without food, they should be consistent across doses and take it the same way each time.

It is important to take buspirone according to the instructions on the label and as a doctor has directed. A person should not take buspirone more or less often than their prescription states.

A doctor may start a person on a low dosage of buspirone and gradually increase it. It may take several weeks to determine the most effective dosage for a person.

The National Alliance on Mental Illness notes that a person should not operate heavy machinery or drive a vehicle until they know how the medication affects them, as it may cause dizziness or tiredness. They should also avoid the use of alcohol, which can increase these symptoms.

It may take 3–4 weeks before a person starts to feel the benefits of buspirone, so they should not stop taking the medication without speaking with their doctor first.

If a person misses a dose, they should take it as soon as they remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, they should skip the missed dose and continue with their regular schedule. A person should not double dose to make up for a missed tablet.

Buspirone may cause several side effects. A person should speak with their doctor if the symptoms do not go away or are severe. Side effects can include:

• headaches
• dizziness
• nausea
• confusion
• diarrhea
• fatigue
• nervousness
• weakness
• increased sweating
• difficulty falling or staying asleep
• excitement
• feelings of anger or hostility
• lightheadedness
• numbness

Certain side effects can be serious, and they may sometimes be cause for concern. A person should speak with their doctor if they experience:

• swelling by the mouth, throat, lips, tongue, or eyes
• a rash
• itching
• a fast or irregular heartbeat
• blurred vision
• uncontrollable shaking
• hives
• agitation
• fever
• severe muscle stiffness or twitching
• hallucinations
• loss of coordination
• vomiting

A person needs to take buspirone continuously for several weeks for it to be fully effective.

If a person misses doses or abruptly stops taking the medication without consulting a doctor, they may feel more anxious.

There are no known problems associated with the long-term use of buspirone, and doctors consider it a safe and effective medication when a person uses it according to their prescription.

A person should seek immediate medical care if they or someone else has overdosed on buspirone.

It is also essential to call 911 immediately if a person:

• has collapsed
• is having trouble breathing
• has had a seizure
• is unresponsive to attempts to wake them

If someone has chest pain, changes in blood pressure, fainting, or muscle cramps, they should see a doctor as soon as possible. A person should also contact their doctor if they experience any serious or persistent side effects or notice symptoms of an allergic reaction. These symptoms might include swelling in the face or throat.

It is advisable for people to discuss all other medications that they are taking with their doctor, as certain medications, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, may interact with buspirone.

People should also seek medical advice before taking buspirone when pregnant or breastfeeding, as the drug may carry potential risks for them or the baby.

Buspar is a discontinued branded version of buspirone, an anxiolytic medication that treats anxiety disorders.

A person may need to take buspirone for 3–4 weeks before they feel the benefits of it. They should not stop taking the medication without consulting a professional.

Common side effects of the drug include headaches, fatigue, dizziness, and nausea. Serious side effects may include a rash, hallucinations, uncontrollable shaking, and swelling around the mouth, throat, or eyes.

A person should contact a doctor if they overdose on buspirone or experience serious or persistent side effects or an allergic reaction.

Buspirone does not generally make anxiety worse, but missing doses or abruptly stopping the medication may have adverse effects.

Medicines for mental illness

The effectiveness of drug therapy with psychotropic drugs is determined by the compliance of the choice of the drug with the clinical picture of the disease, the correctness of its dosing regimen, the method of administration and the duration of the therapeutic course. As in any field of medicine, in psychiatry it is necessary to take into account the entire complex of drugs that the patient takes, since their mutual action can lead not only to a change in the nature of the effects of each of them, but also to the occurrence of undesirable consequences.

There are several approaches to the classification of psychotropic drugs. Table 1 shows the classification proposed by the WHO in 1990, adapted to include some domestic medicines.

Table 1. Classification of psychopharmacological drugs.

The main clinical characteristics and side effects of the listed classes of pharmacological drugs are given below.

Antipsychotics

Clinical characteristics. This class of drugs is central to the treatment of psychoses. However, the scope of their application is not limited to this, since in small doses in combination with other psychotropic drugs they can be used in the treatment of affective disorders, anxiety-phobic, obsessive-compulsive and somatoform disorders, with decompensation of personality disorders.

Regardless of the characteristics of the chemical structure and mechanism of action, all drugs of this group have similar clinical properties: they have a pronounced antipsychotic effect, reduce psychomotor activity and reduce mental arousal, neurotropic effect, manifested in the development of extrapyramidal and vegetovascular disorders, many of they also have antiemetic properties .

Side effects. The main side effects in the treatment of neuroleptics form the neuroleptic syndrome. The leading clinical manifestations of this syndrome are extrapyramidal disorders with a predominance of either hypo- or hyperkinetic disorders. Hypokinetic disorders include drug-induced parkinsonism, manifested by increased muscle tone, lockjaw, rigidity, stiffness, and slowness of movement and speech. Hyperkinetic disturbances include tremor and hyperkinesis. Usually in the clinical picture in various combinations there are both hypo- and hyperkinetic disorders. The phenomena of dyskinesia can be paroxysmal in nature, localized in the mouth area and manifested by spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the pharynx, tongue, lips, jaws. Often there are phenomena of akathisia – feelings of restlessness, “restlessness in the legs”, combined with tasikinesia (the need to move, change position). A special group of dyskinesias includes tardive dyskinesia, which occurs after 2-3 years of taking antipsychotics and is expressed in involuntary movements of the lips, tongue, face.

Among the disorders of the autonomic nervous system, orthostatic hypotension, sweating, weight gain, changes in appetite, constipation, diarrhea are most often observed. Sometimes there are anticholinergic effects – visual disturbances, dysuric phenomena. Possible functional disorders of the cardiovascular system with changes in the ECG in the form of an increase in the Q-T interval, a decrease in the T wave or its inversion, tachycardia or bradycardia. Sometimes there are side effects in the form of photosensitivity, dermatitis, skin pigmentation; skin allergic reactions are possible.

Antipsychotics of new generations, compared with traditional derivatives of phenothiazines and butyrophenones, cause significantly fewer side effects and complications.

Tranquilizers

Clinical characteristics. This group includes psychopharmacological agents that relieve anxiety, emotional tension, fear of non-psychotic origin, and facilitate the process of adaptation to stressful factors. Many of them have anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant properties. Their use in therapeutic doses does not cause significant changes in cognitive activity and perception. Many of the drugs in this group have a pronounced hypnotic effect and are used primarily as hypnotics. Unlike neuroleptics, tranquilizers do not have a pronounced antipsychotic activity and are used as an additional tool in the treatment of psychosis – to stop psychomotor agitation and correct the side effects of neuroleptics.

Side effects of during treatment with tranquilizers are most often manifested by daytime drowsiness, lethargy, muscle weakness, impaired concentration, short-term memory, as well as a slowdown in the speed of mental reactions. In some cases, paradoxical reactions develop in the form of anxiety, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, hallucinations. Among the dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system and other organs and systems, hypotension, constipation, nausea, urinary retention or incontinence, decreased libido are noted. Long-term use of tranquilizers is dangerous due to the possibility of developing addiction to them, i.e. physical and mental dependence.

Antidepressants

Clinical characteristics. This class of drugs includes drugs that increase the pathological hypothymic effect, as well as reduce depression-related somatovegetative disorders. A growing body of scientific evidence now suggests that antidepressants are effective for phobic anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It is assumed that in these cases, not the actual antidepressant, but the anti-obsessional and antiphobic effects are realized. There is data confirming the ability of many antidepressants to increase the threshold of pain sensitivity, to have a preventive effect in migraine and vegetative crises.

Side effects. Side effects related to the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are expressed as dizziness, tremor, dysarthria, impaired consciousness in the form of delirium, epileptiform seizures. Possible exacerbation of anxious disorders, activation of suicidal tendencies, inversion of affect, drowsiness or, conversely, insomnia. Side effects may be manifested by hypotension, sinus tachycardia, arrhythmia, impaired atrioventricular conduction.

When taking tricyclic antidepressants, various anticholinergic effects are often observed, as well as an increase in appetite. With the simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors with food products containing tyramine or its precursor – tyrosine (cheeses, etc.), a “cheese effect” occurs, manifested by hypertension, hyperthermia, convulsions and sometimes leading to death.

When prescribing serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and reversible MAO-A inhibitors, there may be disturbances in the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, and impotence may develop against the background of SSRIs. In the case of a combination of SSRIs with drugs of the tricyclic group, the formation of the so-called serotonin syndrome, which is manifested by an increase in body temperature and signs of intoxication, is possible.

Normotimics

Clinical characteristics. Normotimics include drugs that regulate affective manifestations and have a preventive effect in phasic affective psychoses. Some of these drugs are anticonvulsants.

Side effects of when using lithium salts are most often tremor. Often there are violations of the function of the gastrointestinal tract – nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea. Often there is an increase in body weight, polydipsia, polyuria, hypothyroidism. Acne, maculo-papular rash, alopecia, as well as worsening of psoriasis are possible.

Signs of severe toxic conditions and overdose of the drug are a metallic taste in the mouth, thirst, severe tremor, dysarthria, ataxia; in these cases, the drug should be stopped immediately.

It should also be noted that side effects may be associated with non-compliance with the diet – a large intake of liquid, salt, smoked meats, cheeses.

Side effects of anticonvulsants are most often associated with functional disorders of the central nervous system and manifest as lethargy, drowsiness, ataxia. Hyperreflexia, myoclonus, tremor can be observed much less frequently. The severity of these phenomena is significantly reduced with a smooth increase in doses.

With a pronounced cardiotoxic effect, atrioventricular block may develop.

Nootropics

Clinical characteristics. Nootropics include drugs that can positively affect cognitive functions, stimulate learning, enhance memory processes, increase brain resistance to various adverse factors (in particular, to hypoxia) and extreme stress. However, they do not have a direct stimulating effect on mental activity, although in some cases they can cause anxiety and sleep disturbance.

Side effects – rare. Sometimes there are nervousness, irritability, elements of psychomotor agitation and disinhibition of drives, as well as anxiety and insomnia. Dizziness, headache, nausea and abdominal pain may occur.

Psychostimulants

Clinical characteristics. As the name of the class implies, it includes psychotropic drugs that increase the level of wakefulness, have a stimulating effect on mental and physical activity, temporarily increase mental and physical performance and endurance, reduce the feeling of fatigue and drowsiness.

Side effects of are mainly related to effects on the central nervous system (tremor, euphoria, insomnia, irritability, headaches, signs of psychomotor agitation) and the autonomic nervous system (sweating, dry mucous membranes, anorexia). In addition, there may be disorders of cardiovascular activity (arrhythmia, tachycardia, increased blood pressure), as well as a change in the body’s sensitivity to insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Long-term and frequent use of stimulants can lead to the development of mental and physical dependence.

definition and synonyms of euroconector in the Spanish dictionary

EUROCONECTOR – definition and synonyms of euroconector in the Spanish dictionary

DICTIONARY

PRONUNCIATION OF EUROCONECTOR

eu ro co nec tor

GRAMMATIC CATEGORY OF EUROCONECTOR

noun

Adjective

Verb

Administrative Office

Production

Pereshop

Interjection

Article

WHAT IS THE WORD EUROCONECTOR

scart

Euroconector

Extensions to the original standard are in italics. D²B is the IEC standard for serial communication. It is a multi-master home automation bus originally developed by Philips in 1970s. The Euroconnector is a standard 21-pin connector that exchanges audio and video information. It was developed in France in 1978 and has been legally required since 1981 on all television and video equipment sold in France. Also known as SCART under the acronym Syndicat des Constructeurs d’Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs, this name is curiously used in France, which is used mainly as Peritel. Technical designation of the CENELEC standard – EN 50049-1: 1997. Designed at the same time to guarantee the consumer a quality image and a protectionist measure for the gala industry, the quality of its signal led to its failure in the latter. Widely used throughout the world except the American continent. Even in Japan the field is contested by S-Video. The connector supports a maximum resolution of 480p NTSC or 576p PAL. Las ampliaciones del estándar original van en cursiva. D²B es un estándar IEC para un bus de comunicaciones serie. Es un bus multi-master bus para Domótica, diseñado originalmente por Philips en los años 1970. El Euroconector es un conector normalizado de 21 conexiones o pines, que intercambia informaciones de audio y video. Fue diseñado en Francia en 1978 y por ley es obligatorio desde 1981 en todos los equipos de televisión y video comercializados en Francia. También conocido como SCART por la siglas del Syndicat des Constructeurs d’Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs, curiosamente en Francia apenas se usa ese nombre, utilizándose mayoritariamente como nombre Peritel . La denominación técnica por el estándar CENELEC es EN 50049-1:1997 esto ultimo , siendo empleado ampliamente por todo el mundo excepto el continente americano. Incluso en Japón disputa el campo con el S-Video. El conector soporta una resolución máxima de 480p NTSC or 576p PAL.

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Meaning of euroconector in the Spanish dictionary

The definition of euroconvector in the dictionary is a plug and socket adapted to the European standard configuration, which is used to connect sound and picture. En el diccionario castellano euroconector significa clavija y enchufe adaptados a la configuración europea estándar, que sirven para conexiones de sonido e imagen.

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euroconector

260 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

French

euroconector

220 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Malay

euroconector

190 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

German

euroconector

180 million speakers

Spanish to Japanese translator

euroconector

130 million speakers

Spanish to 9 translator0014 Korean

language

euroconector

85 million speakers

Spanish to Javanese translator

euroconector

85 million speakers

Spanish to

Vietnamese translator language

euroconector

80 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Tamil

euroconector

75 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Marathi language

euroconector

75 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Turkish

euroconector

70 million speakers

Spanish to Italian translator

Euroconector

65 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Polish

euroconector

50 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Ukrainian

euroconector

40 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Romanian

euroconector

30 million speakers

Spanish to Greek translator

euroconector

15 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to Afrikaans

language

euroconector

14 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Swedish

euroconector

10 million speakers

Translator from Spanish to

Norwegian

euroconector

5 million speakers

Usage trends for euroconector

TRENDS

TRENDS OF USE OF «EUROCONECTOR»

FREQUENCY

The word is used quite often

77

/100

Principal search tendencies and common uses of euroconector

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM “EUROCONECTOR” OVER TIME

Examples of use in the Spanish literature, quotes and news about euroconector

EXAMPLES

SPANISH BOOKS RELATING TO

“EUROCONECTOR”

Search for occurrences of the word euroconector in the following bibliographic sources. Books relating to euroconector and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in Spanish literature.

1

Receptores de televisión

Los bucles de audio y vídeo a través del euroconector están dispuestos para
asegurar que las señales puedan encaminarse desde un dispositivo externo tal
como una cámara a otro dispositivo externo como una grabadora de video (VCR
).

K. F. Ibrahim, 2000

2

La guía de bolsillo del cine en casa

puede conectar una salida de euroconector video compuesto desde el DVD
con una de vídeo RGB en la pantalla de televisión porque nunca veríamos nada.
De igual manera, a la hora de comprar un euroconector , o se elige uno …

Juan F. Marcelo EvaMartín, 2007

3

9 0482
Instalaciones de megafonía y sonorización

Normalmente, la fuente de vídeo y audioreceptor se suministra al de TV a través
del euroconector , de manera que el sonido se reproduce en los altavoces de
est. De manera alternativa podemos encontrar en el reproductor de DVD …

Juan Manuel Millán Esteller, 2012

4

Diario de mis 60 años

Hace falta un artilugio llamado euroconector ; cada vez que oigo palabras de ese
tipo mi cerebro se cortocircuita. No sé qué es un euroconector y no lo sabré
nunca. Cuando llamé a Jack me dijo que era un enchufe gordo lleno de clavijas
…

Virginia Ironside, 2013

5

La representación del niño en los medios de comunicación

SE RECOMIENDA ESTE USO PARA LAS RETRANSMISIONES DEPORTIVAS. •
SE CONECTA EL PROGRAMA DE TELEVISION, MEDIANTE EUROCONECTOR
A LA SALIDA DE VIDEO DEL EQUIPO DE MUSICA Y SE MANIPULA EL …

6

Electronica

Realiza un esquema de los contactos que se tienen que soldar en un
euroconector para conectar un TV y un video, sabiendo que el euroconector va
al televisor y al video se conectan conectores RCA. 6. En el maletin de
herramientas del …

Alfonso Carretero Montero, 2009

7

Comunicación audiovisual: optativas : [bachillerato]

Entrada por Euroconector . Potencia de sonido: al menos 20 watios. — Mando
a distance. * Seria muy interesante que poseyese una segunda posibilidad de
conexion de audio y vídeo en posición frontal. 2. Magnetoscopio estacionario: .

Eladio Bergondo Llorente, Espanya. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. Centro de Desarrollo Curricular, 1995

8

Nuevas tecnologías en el aula: Guía de supervivencia

… está seleccionada la entrada de vídeo adecuada. (Si utiliza sistemas con
euroconector a euroconector , el televisor debería seleccionar automáticamente
la entrada de video cuando este se pone en marcha.) …

Antonio Bartolomé Pina, 2004

9

La tentación vuelve a casa

Brian miró por encima de su hombro y le mostró un euroconector . –me parece
que he descubierto cual es el problema. –¿Ah, si? Despues de colocar el
euroconector , la imagen apareció de inmediato en la pantalla.

Maureen Child, 2010

10

Tecnologia audiovisual en la clase de ciencias: …

Configurar el equipo: conectar los magnetoscopios entre sí mediante los cables
de audio (sonido) y vídeo (imagen), o si es posible a través del euroconector y, al
menos, un televisor, al video grabador. Encender el equipo y tener a mano las …

Francisco Javier Medina Domínguez, Francisco Javier Medina Domínguez, Julio Rodríguez Losas, María Consuelo Escotet Suárez, Julio Rodríguez Losas, 1997 90 003

NEWS WITH THE TERM “EUROCONECTOR”

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term euroconector is used in the context of the following news items.

” El Confidential, May 16″

Problema con TDT hd

mi televisor es de los de antes de culo gordo con entradas de euroconector pero no es un televisor hd. Imagino que por eso no puedo ver el TDT HD en mi … “ADSLZone, Dec 15”

Que tv elegir tema de conectores0015 resulta que solo tienen 2 … “ADSLZone, Nov 15”

TV LED 32” Samsung UE32J5100 Full HD

… de 32″ de pantalla LCD LED HD, resolución 1920 x 1080 píxeles, TDT HD, 200 Hz, USB reproductor multimedia, euroconector , HDMI, salida de audio óptica. “abcdesevilla.es, Sep 15”

Adiós a otro pedazo del siglo XX: descansa en paz, Euroconector

que emiten a 720 e incluso 1080 … ” Cadena SER, Jul 15»

Toshiba serie L15: televisores Led Full HD de 40″ con Modo Hotel …

Para ello, estos sistemas disponen de dos entradas HDMI, entrada PC, USB Player, VGA, vídeo compuesto y S-Video y Euroconector , así como una salida de … “Digital AV Magazine, Mar 15”

¿Es possible jugar en una tele de los 70 con GTA V o Watch Dogs?

el Euroconector cogió el testigo que había asomado tímidamente durante la época de los 16 bits. Fue ese el estándar, analógico, que imperó hasta el fin de la … “GamerZona, Aug 14”

Serie Samsung F6400 de Smart TV, para todos los gustos

Por otro lado, la serie F6400 incluye cuatro entradas HDMI, un euroconector , una entrada para vídeo por componentes, salida de audio digital óptica, una… “Cinco Días , Jun 14”

Como puedo conectar un Apple TV 2014 a un TV Analógico (RCA o …

Luego tiene adaptadores rca a euroconector . Seguramente haya algún cable directo (scart to hdmi) pero prefiero la primera opción con vistas a tener mejor .. “Applesfera, Apr 14”

Salida de Smart TV a altavoces 5.1

La otra solución (sobre todo si se desea no tener que conectar/desconectar) sería usar un adaptador de euroconector a RCA estéreo pero es una solución … «ADSLZone.net, Feb 14 »

PICTURES OF THE WORD

EUROCONECTOR

REFERENCES

«EDUCALINGO.