What are the primary uses of ceftriaxone. How is ceftriaxone administered. What are the common side effects of ceftriaxone. Who should not take ceftriaxone. How does ceftriaxone work against bacterial infections. What precautions should be taken when using ceftriaxone. How is the dosage of ceftriaxone determined.

Understanding Ceftriaxone: A Powerful Antibiotic

Ceftriaxone, also known by its brand name Rocephin, is a potent antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin family. This medication plays a crucial role in treating various bacterial infections, offering a broad spectrum of activity against many pathogens. Its versatility and effectiveness have made it a go-to choice for healthcare providers in managing serious infections.

How Does Ceftriaxone Work?

Ceftriaxone operates by interfering with the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. This mechanism of action leads to the destruction of the bacterial cell, effectively halting the progression of the infection. By targeting specific components of the bacterial cell wall, ceftriaxone demonstrates its bactericidal properties, making it highly effective against susceptible organisms.

Primary Uses of Ceftriaxone in Medical Practice

Ceftriaxone’s versatility allows it to be used in treating a wide range of infections. Some of the primary uses include:

• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Intra-abdominal infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Meningitis
• Gonorrhea

Is ceftriaxone effective against all types of bacterial infections? While ceftriaxone has a broad spectrum of activity, it is not effective against all bacterial strains. Its efficacy depends on the susceptibility of the specific pathogen causing the infection. Healthcare providers often consider factors such as local resistance patterns and individual patient characteristics when prescribing ceftriaxone.

Administration and Dosage Guidelines for Ceftriaxone

Ceftriaxone is administered parenterally, meaning it is given by injection rather than orally. The two primary routes of administration are:

1. Intramuscular injection
2. Intravenous injection or infusion

The dosage of ceftriaxone varies depending on several factors, including:

• The type and severity of the infection
• The patient’s age and weight
• Kidney and liver function
• Other medications or treatments being used concurrently

How is the appropriate dosage determined? Healthcare providers typically follow established guidelines and consider individual patient factors to determine the optimal dosage. For adults with moderate to severe infections, doses typically range from 1 to 2 grams daily, administered either once every 24 hours or divided into two equal doses given every 12 hours.

Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients

For children 12 years of age and under, the dosage is calculated based on body weight and is usually administered every 12 hours. It’s crucial to note that the maximum daily dose for both adults and children is 4 grams.

Duration of Treatment with Ceftriaxone

The length of treatment with ceftriaxone can vary significantly depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Generally, treatment durations range from 4 to 14 days. However, some infections may require only a single dose, while others might necessitate several weeks of therapy.

Why does the duration of treatment vary? The treatment duration is tailored to ensure complete eradication of the infecting bacteria while minimizing the risk of developing antibiotic resistance. Factors such as the site of infection, the causative organism, and the patient’s response to treatment all play a role in determining the appropriate length of therapy.

Potential Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

While ceftriaxone is generally well-tolerated, like all medications, it can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects may include:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea)
• Skin rashes or itching
• Pain or inflammation at the injection site
• Changes in liver function tests

Are there any serious side effects to be aware of? While rare, more severe adverse reactions can occur. These may include:

• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• Blood disorders
• Kidney problems
• Gallbladder issues (particularly with prolonged use)

It’s crucial for patients to report any unusual symptoms or side effects to their healthcare provider promptly. Monitoring for adverse reactions is an essential part of antibiotic therapy management.

Contraindications and Precautions

Certain individuals should not use ceftriaxone or should use it with caution. Contraindications include:

• Known allergy to ceftriaxone or other cephalosporins
• History of severe penicillin allergy (due to potential cross-reactivity)
• Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia
• Premature infants or newborns receiving calcium-containing intravenous solutions

Why is ceftriaxone contraindicated in certain newborns? In newborns, especially those with high bilirubin levels or receiving calcium-containing solutions, ceftriaxone can form precipitates that may lead to serious complications. This risk is particularly high in the first few weeks of life, necessitating careful consideration of alternative antibiotics in this population.

Special Populations and Considerations

Certain groups may require special attention when using ceftriaxone:

• Pregnant and breastfeeding women
• Elderly patients
• Individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease
• Patients with impaired kidney or liver function

Healthcare providers should carefully weigh the benefits and risks of ceftriaxone use in these populations, adjusting dosages or considering alternative treatments as necessary.

Drug Interactions and Compatibility Issues

Ceftriaxone can interact with other medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects. Some notable interactions include:

• Calcium-containing products
• Oral anticoagulants
• Probenecid
• Certain laboratory tests (e.g., Coombs test)

How can drug interactions be managed? Healthcare providers should conduct a thorough review of a patient’s medication list before prescribing ceftriaxone. In some cases, dosage adjustments or alternative antibiotics may be necessary to avoid potential interactions.

Compatibility with IV Solutions

When administering ceftriaxone intravenously, it’s crucial to consider compatibility with other IV solutions. Ceftriaxone should not be mixed with calcium-containing solutions in the same IV line. Additionally, certain diluents and administration practices may affect the stability and efficacy of the drug.

Monitoring and Follow-up During Ceftriaxone Therapy

Proper monitoring is essential to ensure the effectiveness of ceftriaxone treatment and to detect any potential complications early. This may include:

• Regular assessment of clinical response
• Periodic blood tests to monitor kidney and liver function
• Observation for signs of superinfection
• Monitoring for development of antibiotic resistance

What signs indicate a positive response to ceftriaxone therapy? Improvement in symptoms, reduction in fever, and normalization of inflammatory markers are all indicators of a positive response. However, the specific parameters monitored may vary depending on the type and site of infection being treated.

Long-term Considerations

While ceftriaxone is typically used for short-term treatment of acute infections, there are some long-term considerations to keep in mind:

• Impact on gut microbiota
• Potential for development of antibiotic resistance
• Risk of Clostridioides difficile infection

Healthcare providers should educate patients on these potential long-term effects and provide guidance on minimizing risks, such as the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.

Future Perspectives and Research Directions

As antibiotic resistance continues to be a global concern, ongoing research into ceftriaxone and other antibiotics is crucial. Some areas of focus include:

• Development of new formulations or delivery methods
• Combination therapies to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance
• Identification of novel uses for ceftriaxone in treating resistant infections
• Strategies to mitigate long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic use

How might future developments impact the use of ceftriaxone? Advances in personalized medicine and rapid diagnostics may lead to more targeted use of ceftriaxone, potentially extending its useful lifespan as an effective antibiotic. Additionally, research into antibiotic stewardship practices may help optimize the use of ceftriaxone and other broad-spectrum antibiotics.

The Role of Ceftriaxone in Global Health

Ceftriaxone plays a significant role in global health initiatives, particularly in the treatment of severe infections in resource-limited settings. Its broad spectrum of activity, relatively long half-life, and once-daily dosing make it a valuable tool in combating infectious diseases worldwide.

As research continues and our understanding of bacterial infections evolves, the role of ceftriaxone in medical practice will likely continue to be refined. Healthcare providers and patients alike must stay informed about the latest developments to ensure the most effective and responsible use of this important antibiotic.

Rocephin – Uses, Side Effects, Interactions

How does this medication work? What will it do for me?

Ceftriaxone belongs to the family of antibiotics known as cephalosporins. It is used to prevent or treat certain infections caused by bacteria. It is given by injection only into a muscle or vein.

Ceftriaxone is often used to treat infections of the lung, urinary tract, skin, abdomen, bone, joint, and lining of the brain (meningitis), depending on the bacteria causing them. It can also be used to treat gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted infection).

Your doctor may have suggested this medication for conditions other than those listed in these drug information articles. As well, some forms of this medication may not be used for all of the conditions discussed here. If you have not discussed this with your doctor or are not sure why you are taking this medication, speak to your doctor. Do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor.

Do not give this medication to anyone else, even if they have the same symptoms as you do. It can be harmful for people to take this medication if their doctor has not prescribed it.

What form(s) does this medication come in?

Rocephin is no longer being manufactured for sale in Canada. For brands that may still be available, search under ceftriaxone. This article is being kept available for reference purposes only. If you are using this medication, speak with your doctor or pharmacist for information about your treatment options.

How should I use this medication?

To treat bacterial infections, the recommended dose and dosing schedule of ceftriaxone varies according to the specific infection being treated, the response to therapy, and other medications or treatments being used. The dose administered is also based on age, body size, and kidney and liver function. For moderate to severe infections in adults, the dose ranges from 1 g to 2 g daily given once every 24 hours or divided into 2 equal doses and given every 12 hours.

For uncomplicated gonorrhea in adults, one dose of 250 mg is injected into a muscle.

For children 12 years of age and under, the dose is based on body weight and is given every 12 hours. The maximum daily dose for adults and children is 4 g. The duration of treatment depends on the type of infection and usually ranges from 4 to 14 days. Some infections require only one dose while others require treatment for several weeks.

Ceftriaxone is injected into a vein or into a muscle by a health care professional under the supervision of your doctor.

Many things can affect the dose of medication that a person needs, such as body weight, other medical conditions, and other medications. If your doctor has recommended a dose different from the ones listed here, do not change the way that you are taking the medication without consulting your doctor.

It is important to take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

Store this medication (as unmixed vials) at room temperature, protect it from light, and keep it out of the reach of children.

Do not dispose of medications in wastewater (e.g. down the sink or in the toilet) or in household garbage. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medications that are no longer needed or have expired.

Who should NOT take this medication?

Do not use this medication if you:

• are allergic to ceftriaxone or any ingredients of this medication
• are allergic to other cephalosporins (e.g., cephalexin) or penicillins (e.g., penicillin, amoxicillin)
  • the risk of developing a reaction to ceftriaxone given a history of cephalosporin or penicillin allergy is relatively low, but check with your health care provider before starting treatment

Do not give this medication to a newborn or premature infant who has high amounts of bilirubin in their blood.

Do not give this medication to a newborn who is receiving (or expected to receive) calcium-containing intravenous solutions (calcium-containing solutions should not be given within 5 days of ceftriaxone in infants up to 10 weeks of age).

What side effects are possible with this medication?

Many medications can cause side effects. A side effect is an unwanted response to a medication when it is taken in normal doses. Side effects can be mild or severe, temporary or permanent.

The side effects listed below are not experienced by everyone who takes this medication. If you are concerned about side effects, discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with your doctor.

The following side effects have been reported by at least 1% of people taking this medication. Many of these side effects can be managed, and some may go away on their own over time.

Contact your doctor if you experience these side effects and they are severe or bothersome. Your pharmacist may be able to advise you on managing side effects.

• dizziness
• headache
• mild diarrhea

Although most of the side effects listed below don’t happen very often, they could lead to serious problems if you do not seek medical attention.

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

• chills
• fever
• pain, redness, and swelling at site of injection
• rash

Stop taking the medication and seek immediate medical attention if any of the following occur:

• severe, persistent diarrhea
• symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, e.g.:
  • difficulty breathing
  • hives
  • swelling of the mouth, throat, or tongue

Some people may experience side effects other than those listed. Check with your doctor if you notice any symptom that worries you while you are taking this medication.

Are there any other precautions or warnings for this medication?

Before you begin using a medication, be sure to inform your doctor of any medical conditions or allergies you may have, any medications you are taking, whether you are pregnant or breast-feeding, and any other significant facts about your health. These factors may affect how you should use this medication.

Allergic reactions: Ceftriaxone can cause severe allergic reactions. If you develop symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of the mouth, tongue, or throat), get immediate medical attention.

Anemia: Although rare, certain drugs can cause a blood condition called hemolytic anemia, where people have low red blood cells due to premature destruction of this type of blood cell. If you have a history of cephalosporin-related hemolytic anemia, you should talk to your doctor before starting treatment.

Blood tests: Depending on various factors, including how long you will be receiving treatment, your doctor may order blood tests while you are taking ceftriaxone.

Calcium-containing solutions: The interaction with calcium-containing solutions has only been reported for newborns. For all other people, ceftriaxone can be administered before or after calcium-containing solutions provided that the infusion lines are flushed well in between the solutions. In newborns, calcium-containing solutions should not be given within 5 days for infants up to 10 weeks of age.

Gallbladder disease: If you have gallbladder disease, discuss with your doctor how this medication may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of this medication, and whether any special monitoring is needed.

Kidney problems: Ceftriaxone may cause kidney stones. If you have high calcium levels in your urine or a history of kidney stones, discuss with your doctor how this medication may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of this medication, and whether any special monitoring is needed.

Low vitamin K: People with impaired vitamin K synthesis or low vitamin K stores (e.g., chronic liver disease and malnutrition) may require monitoring of blood clotting during treatment, as ceftriaxone may decrease clotting ability.

Overgrowth of organisms: Treatment with this antibiotic may allow normal fungus or types of bacteria not killed by the antibiotic to overgrow, causing unwanted infections.

Stomach and bowel disorders: If you have stomach and bowel problems (especially colitis), discuss with your doctor how this medication may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of this medication, and whether any special monitoring is needed.

Pregnancy: This medication should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.

Breast-feeding: Ceftriaxone passes into breast milk in small amounts. If you are a breast-feeding mother and are taking ceftriaxone, it may affect your baby. Talk to your doctor about whether you should continue breast-feeding.

Children: Newborn and premature infants (up to the age of 10 weeks) should not receive calcium-containing solutions within 5 days of receiving ceftriaxone.

What other drugs could interact with this medication?

There may be an interaction between ceftriaxone and any of the following:

• anticoagulant medications (e. g., warfarin)
• solutions injected into a vein that contain calcium
• typhoid vaccine

If you are taking any of these medications, speak with your doctor or pharmacist. Depending on your specific circumstances, your doctor may want you to:

• stop taking one of the medications,
• change one of the medications to another,
• change how you are taking one or both of the medications, or
• leave everything as is.

An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of them. Speak to your doctor about how any drug interactions are being managed or should be managed.

Medications other than those listed above may interact with this medication. Tell your doctor or prescriber about all prescription, over-the-counter (non-prescription), and herbal medications you are taking. Also tell them about any supplements you take. Since caffeine, alcohol, the nicotine from cigarettes, or street drugs can affect the action of many medications, you should let your prescriber know if you use them.

All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2023. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/drug/getdrug/Rocephin

Ceftriaxone: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action

Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Parenteral	1 G/3.5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Parenteral	500 MG/2ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous; Parenteral	1 G/10ML
Powder, for solution		2 G
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	0.5 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous; Parenteral	1000 MG/10ML
Injection, powder, for solution		1000 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	1 G/3. 5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg/5ml
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	1 gr
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	1 gr
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	250 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	250 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	500 mg
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	0.5 g
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	0.5 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	1 g
Injection, powder, for solution		250 MG
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	250 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	2 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	2 gr
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	250 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	1. 184 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, for suspension	Parenteral	1 g
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	1 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	1 g/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	250 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g/10mL
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	2 g/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	250 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	1 g/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	10 g/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	10 g/100mL
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	100 mg/1mL
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	100 g/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	2 g/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intravenous	100 mg/1mL
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g/1
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	2 g/1
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	250 mg/1
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Parenteral	250 MG/2ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1. 0 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	2.0 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous; Parenteral	500 MG/5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	1 G/10ML
Powder, for solution	Parenteral	2 G
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Parenteral	250 MG
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Parenteral	500 MG
Powder, for solution	Intravenous	100 g / bag
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	250 MG/2ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	500 MG/2ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	1 G/10ML
Solution	Intravenous	1000 mg / 50 mL
Solution	Intravenous	2000 mg / 50 mL
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	2000 mg/bottle
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg/vial
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1000 mg/vial
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	500 mg/1
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	0. 25 g / vial
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	10 g / vial
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g / vial
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	2 g / vial
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	250 mg / vial
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg / vial
Powder, for solution	Intravenous	10 g / vial
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	2 g
Injection
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g
Injection, powder, for solution
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous
Powder, for solution
Injection, solution	Intramuscular	0. 5 g
Injection	Intravenous	0.5 g
Injection, solution	Intramuscular	1 g
Solution	Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	1 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	500 mg
Kit	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.5 g
Injection, solution	Intravenous	1 g
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	0.5 gr
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	0.5 gr
Injection; injection, powder, for solution		1 g
Injection, powder, for solution		1 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1000. 0 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	2000.0 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1000 mg
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	2000 mg
Injection	Intramuscular	1000 mg
Injection	Intravenous	1000 mg
Injection	Intramuscular	250 mg
Injection	Intramuscular	500 mg
Injection	Intramuscular	0.5 g/2ml
Injection	Intravenous	0.5 g/5ml
Injection	Intravenous	1 g/10ml
Injection	Intramuscular	1 g/3.5ml
Injection	Intravenous	2 g
Powder		2 G
Injection		1 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Parenteral	1 MG/3. 5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Parenteral	1 G
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous; Parenteral	250 MG/5ML
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	500 mg
Injection, solution	Intravenous	1 g/50mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	2 g/50mL
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	1 g/vial
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous	1 g/vial
Powder, for solution	Intravenous	1 g / vial
Injection, solution	Intramuscular
Injection	Intravenous	1 g
Injection	Intravenous	250 mg
Injection	Intravenous
Injection	Intramuscular
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intravenous	2 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intravenous; Parenteral	1 G
Powder
Injection, solution	Intramuscular
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	0. 25 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	0.5 g
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	2 g
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous	250 MG
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 gr
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous	0.5 gr
Injection		1000 MG
Injection		500 MG
Injection, powder, for solution		2 G
Injection, powder, for solution		500 MG
Injection, powder, for solution		250 mg/1vial
Injection, powder, for solution		500 mg/1vial
Powder		500 mg/1vial
Powder		250 mg/1vial
Powder

Cheap analogs of expensive antibiotics: analogs of expensive drugs

Antibiotics are one of the most expensive groups of drugs. And if the cost of “old” antibiotics is more or less acceptable, then new broad-spectrum antibiotics are incredibly expensive, which is not surprising, because the development of one new antibiotic costs approximately 1 billion US dollars.

If you think about this topic, you can understand that there are not so many new antibiotics, because not only do development and clinical studies take decades, but also the cost of the project is equal to the cost of space flight. In this regard, very few pharmaceutical companies in the US and Europe can conduct such expensive research.

For example, Linezolid (trade name Zyvox) is the latest antibiotic to enter the market and is patented by Pfizer. At the same time, it was synthesized back in 1990, and only in 2000 was it first put into practice.

And what about other pharmaceutical companies, including domestic ones, who cannot afford such expenses? The answer is simple – they produce generics, that is, analogues of long-known antibiotics, with the same active ingredient as the original drug, but under a different trade name. The cost of such drugs is often lower than the cost of the original drug, but there are also opposite cases.

When prescribing antibiotic therapy, doctors can prescribe both the original drug – an expensive antibiotic (occurs less often), and its analogue – a cheap antibiotic (in most cases). The reason for this is the work of medical representatives of pharmaceutical companies and distributors. So if the doctor prescribed you an expensive antibiotic, do not rush to buy it at the expense of the budget. Most likely, he has a cheaper analogue, which a pharmacist in a pharmacy can also advise you if you ask him about it. However, it is worth remembering that from January 1, 2023 in Ukraine, you can buy an antibiotic only with an electronic prescription, which is pre-written to you by a doctor. The Doc.ua service also provides an opportunity to get an electronic prescription for antibiotics in just a few clicks. You can also buy all the necessary prescription drugs at the Doc.ua Pharmacy.

In this article we have provided a list of analogues of the most famous and widely used antibiotics.

Antibiotics for colds list Ukraine

Antibiotics of the penicillin group

Flemoxin Solutab cases of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, peptic ulcer, cystitis and other

The average cost of Flemoxin Solutab and Ospamox is 80-150 UAH. Its analogue is Amoxil (amoxicillin analogues, amoxiclav analogues). The average cost is 50-70 UAH (inexpensive antibiotics for colds).

Antibiotics of the group of inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins

Flemoclav Solutab , Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid).

This antibiotic is used to treat mild and uncomplicated cases of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, peptic ulcer, cystitis, etc. caused by b-lactamase producing bacteria.

The average cost of Flemoclav Solutab is 100-150 UAH, Augmentin is 130-190 UAH.

Flemoclav Solutab analogues, Augmentin analogues ( cheap broad-spectrum antibiotics):

Bactoclav is the cheapest antibiotic, the average price is 60 – 70 UAH.

Amoxil K, Medoklav, Abiklav, Amoksiklav 2x, Betaklav, are also inexpensive antibiotics for colds.

Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group

Emsef , Diacef , Denicef ​​ (ceftriaxone analogues in tablets) – Lorakson, Medakson (ceftriaxone analogue in tablets), Ceftriaxone-Darnitsa, Ceftriaxone-KMP, Ceftriaxone-Lekhim.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as sepsis, meningitis, disseminated Lyme borreliosis (early and late stages of the disease), infections of the abdominal cavity, etc. 27 (cefuroxime) – Aksetin, Aksef , Auroxetil.

Antibiotics treat urinary tract infections – cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis; skin and soft tissues – furunculosis, pyoderma, impetigo, etc.

Quadrocef , Roxipim , Abipim , Denipim 900 26, Exipim , Septipim (cefepime) – Cefepim-Lekhim, Cefepim Abryl, Cefepim Aurobindo.

Antibiotics treat respiratory diseases (pneumonia and bronchitis), urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections.

Eurosidim , Ceftazidime-Vista (ceftazidime) – Ceftazidime Yuria-pharm, Ceftum, Zacef, Ceftazidime-BHFZ.

These antibiotics are used to treat meningitis, sepsis and other illnesses.

Sorcef , Cefinac , Suprax Solutab (cefixime) – Lopraks, Opticef, Cefix.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, otitis media, and urinary tract infections.

Macrolide antibiotics

Sumamed , Azax , Azitrox , Aztec , Hemomycin , 9002 6 Zybax (azithromycin analogues are expensive, sumamed analogues) – Azibiot, Azipol, Zitrox, Ormax, Azimed (the best analogue sumamed) Azicin, Zoxy, Azithromycin-Astrapharm, Azithromycin-Health, Azithromycin-BHFZ, Azithromycin-Red Star, Ziomycin (azithromycin analogues of the drug).

These name antibiotics are used to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, as well as acute bronchitis, pneumonia. 9Ora dro (clarithromycin analogs) – Aziklar, Clarithromycin-Health, Clarithromycin-Astrafarm, Clarithromycin-Darnitsa, Clarithromycin-Arterium, Clubax.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs: tonsillopharyngitis, otitis media, acute sinusitis, as well as infections of the lower respiratory tract: acute bronchitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and others.

Antibiotics of the tetracycline group

Unidox Solutab (doxycycline) – its inexpensive antibiotics – analogues: Doxycycline-Teva, Doxycycline-Darnitsa, Doxycycline-BHFZ (inexpensive antibiotic).

Antibiotics are used to treat pharyngitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, as well as otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis and others.

Antibacterial drugs of the fluoroquinolone group

Ofloxin (ofloxacin) – Ofloxacin-Darnitsa, Ofloxacin-Lekhim (inexpensive antibiotic).

Antibiotics treat infectious and inflammatory diseases of bones and joints, abdominal cavity, diseases of the kidneys (pyelonephritis) and urinary tract (cystitis, urethritis.

Abiflox , Levaksela, Lebel , Levoksimed, Levomak , Tigeron (levofloxacin) – Levokilz, Levofloxacin-Lekhim, Levofloxacin-Health, Floxium, Leflok.

Antibiotics are used to treat acute sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infections.

Avelox , Moxicum, Timoksi, Moxifloxacin-Sandoz (moxifloxacin) – Moxifloxacin-Lekhim, Moflaxa, Moxifloxacin-Pharmex, Atovax.

Antibiotics are used to treat acute sinusitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia.

Cifran , Tsiprinol , Tsiprolet analogues , Flaprox, 900 26 Ciprobel (ciprofloxacin analogues are expensive) – Ciprofloxacin-Euro, Ciprofloxacin-Lekhim, Ciprofloxacin-Astrapharm, Citeral.

An antibiotic is used to treat sepsis and peritonitis and to prevent and treat infections in immunosuppressed patients.

Nitroimidazole antibacterials

Strong antibiotics in tablets

Trichopolum , Efloran (metronidazole) – Metrogyl, Metressa, Metronidazole-Health, Metronidazole-Darnitsa, Metronidazole-Infusion, Metronid Zol-Yuria Pharm, Metronidazole Lubnypharm.

Antibiotics treat protozoal infections: extraintestinal amoebiasis, including amoebic liver abscess, intestinal amoebiasis (amebic dysentery), trichomoniasis, giardiasis, balantidiasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, trichomonas vaginitis, trichomonas urethritis, and others.

Ornigil , Ornizol, Ornimac (ornidazole) – Ornidazol-Darnitsa, Ornidazol-Novofarm, Ornidazol-Infusion.

Antibiotics are used to treat trichomoniasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, and a mild antibiotic is used to prevent postoperative complications.

Antibiotic analogues table

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The most effective antibiotics for pneumonia, treatment regimen for children and adults

Publication date: 02/04/2021

CONTRAINDICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE. SPECIALIST CONSULTATION IS NECESSARYAntibiotics in capsulesAntibiotics in tabletsWet coughFor immunityAntibiotic ointmentsAnti-inflammatory dropsAntibiotic solutions for external useDry coughPillsPillsPillsPills against inflammationPills against temperatureImmunity strengthening

The author of the article

Grishina Alexandra Nikolaevna,

Therapist

All authors

Contents of the article

• What is pneumonia
• Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults, general principles
• Types of antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia
• Regimen for the treatment of pneumonia in adults with antibiotics
• The most effective antibiotics in the treatment of viral pneumonia
• Why antibiotics are ineffective

A hundred years ago, pneumonia was rightfully considered an extremely dangerous disease, as it often led to the death of the patient. The disease still poses a threat today. But thanks to the advent of antibacterial drugs, its danger has significantly decreased. When used properly as prescribed by a doctor, antibiotics provide recovery and prevent the complications of pneumonia. Conversely, the uncontrolled use of these drugs can cause irreparable harm to the health of the patient.

What is pneumonia

This is a lung disease, mainly of an infectious nature, affecting the alveoli (terminal sections of the lungs) and disrupting gas exchange at their level.

The disease is manifested by:

• Chest pain
• Cough with phlegm
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath, shortness of breath
• High fever

Symptoms range from mild to severe. It depends on the type of microorganism that caused the disease, the age of the patient and the general state of health. In adults who do not have serious pathologies, the disease is milder. It poses the greatest danger to young children, the elderly, people with weakened immune systems.

If pneumonia is suspected, laboratory tests of blood and sputum, chest X-ray are performed. For a more detailed examination, CT (computed tomography) of the lungs is used. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor prescribes antibiotics. Their use is necessary to prevent further development of infection and prevent complications.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults, general principles

Treatment begins immediately after radiological confirmation of the diagnosis. For therapy, doctors use broad-spectrum antibiotics. After an accurate determination of the microbial pathogen in the sputum, the treatment plan can be adjusted: a drug is prescribed to which the identified microorganism is most sensitive.

Also, the replacement of one antibacterial agent with another is carried out if:

• After taking the drug, improvement does not occur within 3 days.
• Significant side effects have occurred from the use of a particular agent.
• The antibiotic is too toxic for a certain group of patients (children, pregnant women).

A decrease in temperature, a decrease in shortness of breath, signs of intoxication, and the amount of sputum 72 hours after the start of treatment indicates the correct prescription of the drug.

Types of antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia

When prescribing drugs of this group, the following is taken into account:

• Type of pneumonia (lobar, aspiration, focal, hilar)
• Patient’s age
• Severity of the condition

Antibiotics of the new generation are considered to be the most effective. Their advantage lies in the rapid impact on pathogenic microorganisms, fewer side effects, and better tolerance by patients. Modern drugs have a long duration of action, so they are taken only 1-2 times a day. While antibacterial agents of the 1st and 2nd generations – up to four.

Each group of antibacterial agents is effective against a specific type of pathogen. So, to combat pneumococci, the penicillin series is used. With pneumonia caused by chlamydia and mycoplasmas, macrolides, fluoroquinols are prescribed. And E. coli destroy cephalosporins.

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Treatment regimen for pneumonia in adults with antibiotics

Mild to moderate illness can be treated at home. Therapy is carried out with antibiotics in tablets, capsules, in the form of a suspension or syrup. In severe and complicated forms, injections are prescribed. If the disease is very difficult, in the first days the drugs are administered intravenously, and later – intramuscularly. And only after the condition improves, the patient is transferred to a tablet intake. This transition from one form of drug administration to another is called a “stepped” course of treatment.

Prescribe antibacterial agents for at least 7 days. Depending on the result of the control X-ray examination, then they are either canceled or a treatment course is prescribed with new antibiotics.

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The most effective antibiotics in the treatment of viral pneumonia

For the treatment of viral pneumonia, completely different drugs are used than with therapy for other forms of this disease. This is due to the fact that its pathogens are viruses that are not sensitive to antibacterial drugs. Therefore, their use is not only useless, but also dangerous. The use of antibiotics for other purposes causes the development of resistance in pathogenic bacteria. And when the drugs are really needed, they may not have the desired effect. Antibiotics are used only with a mixed nature of pneumonia or the development of purulent complications.