What are the primary uses of insulin aspart. How does insulin aspart work to control blood sugar levels. What are the potential side effects of using insulin aspart. How should insulin aspart be administered for optimal effectiveness. What precautions should be taken when using insulin aspart.

Understanding Insulin Aspart: A Fast-Acting Insulin for Diabetes Management

Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin analog used in the management of diabetes mellitus. This medication plays a crucial role in helping individuals with diabetes maintain better control over their blood sugar levels. As a synthetic form of insulin, it closely mimics the body’s natural insulin response, providing a quick and effective means of lowering blood glucose levels.

How Does Insulin Aspart Work?

Insulin aspart functions by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. This process helps to lower blood sugar levels, which is essential for managing diabetes and preventing complications associated with chronically elevated blood glucose.

• Onset of action: Approximately 15 minutes after injection
• Peak effect: Around 1 hour post-injection
• Duration of action: 2 to 4 hours

The rapid onset and short duration of action make insulin aspart particularly suitable for mealtime insulin dosing, allowing for better control of post-meal blood sugar spikes.

Key Uses and Applications of Insulin Aspart in Diabetes Treatment

Insulin aspart is primarily prescribed for individuals with diabetes mellitus to improve blood sugar control. Its fast-acting nature makes it an ideal choice for certain situations in diabetes management.

Who Can Benefit from Insulin Aspart?

Insulin aspart is approved for use in both adults and children with diabetes mellitus. However, there are some age restrictions and specific considerations:

• Not approved for use in children under 2 years old
• Not recommended for treating type 2 diabetes in children of any age
• Fiasp, a specific formulation of insulin aspart, is approved only for adult use

Is insulin aspart suitable for all types of diabetes? While it’s primarily used in type 1 diabetes, insulin aspart can also be beneficial for some individuals with type 2 diabetes who require insulin therapy to maintain adequate blood sugar control.

Administration and Dosage Guidelines for Insulin Aspart

Proper administration of insulin aspart is crucial for its effectiveness and safety. Healthcare providers typically provide detailed instructions on how to use this medication correctly.

Methods of Administration

Insulin aspart can be administered through various routes:

• Subcutaneous injection (most common method)
• Intravenous infusion (in certain clinical settings)

For subcutaneous injections, it’s essential to rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy and ensure consistent absorption.

Timing of Insulin Aspart Administration

The timing of insulin aspart administration is critical for optimal blood sugar control:

• Novolog: Should be taken 5 to 10 minutes before a meal
• Fiasp: Can be given at the start of a meal or within 20 minutes after starting a meal

Why is timing important for insulin aspart administration? The rapid onset of action means that insulin aspart needs to be timed carefully with meals to prevent hypoglycemia and ensure effective control of post-meal blood sugar levels.

Potential Side Effects and Safety Considerations of Insulin Aspart

While insulin aspart is generally well-tolerated, like all medications, it can cause side effects. Understanding these potential adverse effects is crucial for safe and effective use.

Common Side Effects

The most frequently reported side effects of insulin aspart include:

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Injection site reactions (redness, swelling, itching)
• Weight gain
• Lipodystrophy at injection sites

Serious Side Effects

While less common, some individuals may experience more severe side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
• Fluid retention and heart failure (especially when used with thiazolidinediones)

Can insulin aspart cause long-term complications? When used correctly and under medical supervision, insulin aspart is generally safe for long-term use. However, chronic misuse or poor blood sugar control can lead to diabetes-related complications.

Special Precautions and Contraindications for Insulin Aspart Use

Certain individuals may need to exercise caution when using insulin aspart or may not be suitable candidates for this medication.

Contraindications

Insulin aspart should not be used in the following situations:

• During episodes of hypoglycemia
• In individuals with known allergies to insulin aspart or any of its components

Special Populations

Extra care and monitoring may be necessary for:

• Pregnant women
• Breastfeeding mothers
• Elderly patients
• Individuals with liver or kidney disease

How should insulin aspart be managed during pregnancy? While insulin aspart can be used during pregnancy, close monitoring and dose adjustments are often necessary to ensure optimal blood sugar control for both mother and baby.

Interactions and Compatibility with Other Medications

Understanding potential drug interactions is crucial for safe and effective use of insulin aspart. Certain medications can affect blood sugar levels or alter the effectiveness of insulin.

Common Drug Interactions

Medications that may interact with insulin aspart include:

• Other diabetes medications (e.g., sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones)
• Beta-blockers
• ACE inhibitors
• Salicylates
• Certain antibiotics and antidepressants

Does insulin aspart interact with common over-the-counter medications? Some OTC medications, particularly those containing pseudoephedrine or high doses of aspirin, can affect blood sugar levels and may require adjustments in insulin dosing.

Combination Therapy

Insulin aspart is often used in combination with other insulin types or diabetes medications:

• Long-acting or intermediate-acting insulins for basal coverage
• Oral diabetes medications in type 2 diabetes

However, caution is advised when combining insulin aspart with certain oral diabetes medications, particularly pioglitazone or rosiglitazone, due to potential increased risk of heart problems.

Proper Storage and Handling of Insulin Aspart

Correct storage and handling of insulin aspart are essential for maintaining its effectiveness and safety.

Storage Guidelines

To ensure the longevity and efficacy of insulin aspart:

• Store unopened vials or pens in the refrigerator (36°F to 46°F)
• Once opened, can be stored at room temperature (below 86°F) for up to 28 days
• Protect from direct heat and light
• Do not freeze

What happens if insulin aspart is not stored properly? Improper storage can lead to degradation of the insulin, potentially reducing its effectiveness or causing unexpected blood sugar fluctuations.

Handling Precautions

Proper handling of insulin aspart is crucial for safety and effectiveness:

• Inspect the insulin before each use for clarity and color
• Do not use if the solution appears cloudy or contains particles
• Never share insulin pens, cartridges, or syringes, even if the needle has been changed

The importance of not sharing insulin devices cannot be overstated, as it can lead to the spread of infections or bloodborne diseases.

Monitoring and Managing Blood Sugar Levels with Insulin Aspart

Effective use of insulin aspart requires diligent monitoring of blood glucose levels and appropriate management strategies.

Blood Sugar Monitoring

Regular blood glucose checks are essential when using insulin aspart:

• Before meals and at bedtime
• Before and after exercise
• When symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia occur

How often should blood sugar be checked when using insulin aspart? The frequency of blood sugar checks can vary depending on individual circumstances, but most people using rapid-acting insulin like insulin aspart will need to check at least 4 times daily.

Managing Hypoglycemia

Recognizing and treating low blood sugar is crucial:

• Symptoms include hunger, dizziness, irritability, confusion, and shakiness
• Treat with fast-acting carbohydrates (juice, glucose tablets, etc.)
• Have a glucagon emergency kit available for severe hypoglycemia

Adjusting Insulin Doses

Insulin doses may need adjustment based on various factors:

• Changes in diet or physical activity
• Illness or stress
• Changes in other medications

Any adjustments to insulin dosing should be made under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Using insulin aspart effectively requires a comprehensive approach to diabetes management, including proper diet, regular exercise, and consistent blood sugar monitoring. While it can significantly improve blood sugar control, it’s essential to use this medication as part of a broader diabetes management plan under medical supervision. Regular check-ups and open communication with healthcare providers are key to optimizing the benefits of insulin aspart while minimizing potential risks.

Insulin aspart Uses, Side Effects & Warnings

Generic name: insulin aspart [ IN-su-lin-AS-part ]
Brand names: Fiasp, NovoLOG, NovoLOG FlexPen, NovoLOG PenFill, NovoLOG FlexTouch,
… show all 11 brands
Fiasp PenFill, Fiasp FlexTouch, Insulin Aspart PenFill, Insulin Aspart FlexPen, Relion NovoLOG, Relion NovoLOG Flexpen

Dosage form: injectable solution (100 units/mL)
Drug class: Insulin

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Mar 27, 2023. Written by Cerner Multum.

What is insulin aspart?

Insulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin aspart is a fast-acting insulin that starts to work about 15 minutes after injection, peaks in about 1 hour, and keeps working for 2 to 4 hours.

Insulin aspart is used to improve blood sugar control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus. insulin aspart is sometimes used together with a long-acting or intermediate-acting insulin.

Insulin aspart may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Warnings

Never share an injection pen, cartridge, or syringe with another person, even if the needle has been changed.

Before taking this medicine

You should not use insulin aspart if you are allergic to it, or if you are having an episode of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Insulin aspart is not approved for use by anyone younger than 2 years old, and should not be used to treat type 2 diabetes in a child of any age. Fiasp is for use only in adults.

Tell your doctor if you have ever had:

Tell your doctor if you also take pioglitazone or rosiglitazone (sometimes contained in combinations with glimepiride or metformin). Taking certain oral diabetes medicines while you are using insulin may increase your risk of serious heart problems.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Follow your doctor’s instructions about using insulin if you are pregnant or you become pregnant. Controlling diabetes is very important during pregnancy, and having high blood sugar may cause complications in both the mother and the baby.

How should I use insulin aspart?

Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed.

Insulin aspart is injected under the skin, or as an infusion into a vein. A healthcare provider will give your first dose and may teach you how to properly use the medication by yourself.

Your healthcare provider will show you where on your body to inject insulin aspart. Use a different place each time you give an injection. Do not inject into the same place two times in a row.

Do not inject insulin aspart into skin that is damaged, tender, bruised, pitted, thickened, scaly, or has a scar or hard lump.

After using Novolog, you should eat a meal within 5 to 10 minutes. Fiasp should be given at the start of a meal or within 20 minutes after starting a meal.

Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not understand these instructions.

Prepare an injection only when you are ready to give it. This medicine should be clear and colorless. Do not use the medicine if it has changed colors or has particles in it. Call your pharmacist for new medicine.

If you use an injection pen, use only the pen provided with your medicine. If you use this medicine with an insulin pump, do not mix or dilute insulin aspart with any other insulin. Change the medicine in the reservoir at least every 6 days.

Never share an injection pen, cartridge, or syringe with another person, even if the needle has been changed. Sharing these devices can allow infections or disease to pass from one person to another.

You may have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and feel very hungry, dizzy, irritable, confused, anxious, or shaky. To quickly treat hypoglycemia, eat or drink a fast-acting source of sugar (fruit juice, hard candy, crackers, raisins, or non-diet soda).

Your doctor may prescribe a glucagon injection kit in case you have severe hypoglycemia. Be sure your family or close friends know how to give you this injection in an emergency.

Also watch for signs of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) such as increased thirst or urination.

Blood sugar levels can be affected by stress, illness, surgery, exercise, alcohol use, or skipping meals. Ask your doctor before changing your dose or medication schedule.

Insulin aspart is only part of a treatment program that may also include diet, exercise, weight control, blood sugar testing, and special medical care. Follow your doctor’s instructions very closely.

Keep this medicine in its original container protected from heat and light. Do not draw insulin from a vial into a syringe until you are ready to give an injection. Do not freeze insulin or store it near the cooling element in a refrigerator. Throw away any insulin that has been frozen.

Storing unopened (not in use) insulin aspart:

Storing opened (in use) insulin aspart:

Use a needle and syringe only once and then place them in a puncture-proof “sharps” container. Follow state or local laws about how to dispose of this container. Keep it out of the reach of children and pets.

In case of emergency, wear or carry medical identification to let others know you have diabetes.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since insulin aspart is used before meals, you may not be on a timed dosing schedule. Whenever you use insulin aspart, be sure to eat a meal within 5 to 10 minutes. Do not use extra insulin aspart to make up a missed dose.

Keep insulin on hand at all times. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Insulin overdose can cause life-threatening hypoglycemia. Symptoms include drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, numbness or tingling in your mouth, trouble speaking, muscle weakness, clumsy or jerky movements, seizure (convulsions), or loss of consciousness.

What should I avoid while using insulin aspart?

Insulin can cause low blood sugar. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how insulin aspart will affect you.

Avoid medication errors by always checking the medicine label before injecting your insulin.

Avoid drinking alcohol or using medicines that contain alcohol. Alcohol can cause low blood sugar and may interfere with your diabetes treatment.

Insulin aspart side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of insulin allergy: redness or swelling where an injection was given, itchy skin rash over the entire body, trouble breathing, fast heartbeats, feeling like you might pass out, or swelling in your tongue or throat.

Insulin aspart may cause serious side effects. Call your doctor at once if you have:

• heart problems–swelling, rapid weight gain, feeling short of breath; or

• low potassium–leg cramps, constipation, irregular heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, increased thirst or urination, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness or limp feeling.

Common side effects of insulin aspart may include:

• low blood sugar;

• weight gain;

• low potassium;

• swelling in your hands and feet;

• skin rash, itching, redness, or swelling; or

• thickening or hollowing of the skin where you injected the medicine.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect insulin aspart?

Insulin may not work as well when you use other medicines at the same time. Some drugs can also cause you to have fewer symptoms of hypoglycemia, making it harder to tell when your blood sugar is low. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed here. Tell your doctor about all medicines you start or stop using.

Popular FAQ

Injecting insulin is not difficult, but it does take a bit of practice. There are three main sites where insulin can be injected: the stomach area except for a 2-inch circle around your navel, and the soft part of your waist, but not anywhere near your spine; the top and outer part of your thighs, but not your inner thighs or anywhere close to your knee; the outer back of your upper arm where there is a pocket of fatty tissue. Continue reading

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• Insulin Aspart (Cartridges & Prefilled Pens) (Fiasp)
• Insulin Aspart (Cartridges & Prefilled Pens) (NovoLog)
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Novolog, Fiasp, NovoLog FlexPen, NovoLog PenFill

Professional resources

• Prescribing Information

Related treatment guides

• Diabetes, Type 1
• Diabetes, Type 2
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Syndrome

Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

Copyright 1996-2023 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 8.02.

NovoLog® Side Effects | NovoLog® (insulin aspart injection) 100 U/mL

• NovoLog^® is a man-made insulin used to control high blood sugar in adults and children with diabetes mellitus.

Do not share your NovoLog^® FlexPen^®, NovoLog^® FlexTouch^®, PenFill^® cartridge or PenFill^® cartridge compatible insulin delivery device with other people, even if the needle has been changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them.

Who should not take NovoLog

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Do not take NovoLog^® if:

• your blood sugar is too low (hypoglycemia) or you are allergic to NovoLog^® or any of its ingredients.

Before taking NovoLog^®, tell your health care provider about all your medical conditions including, if you are:

• pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.
• taking new prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including supplements. 

Talk to your health care provider about how to manage low blood sugar.

How should I take NovoLog

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• Read the Instructions for Use and take exactly as directed.
• NovoLog^® starts acting fast. Eat a meal within 5 to 10 minutes after taking it.
• Know the type and strength of your insulin. Do not change your insulin type unless your health care provider tells you to.
• Check your blood sugar levels. Ask your health care provider what your blood sugar levels should be and when you should check them.
• Do not reuse or share your needles with other people. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them.
• Change (rotate) your injection sites within the area you choose with each injection to reduce your risk of getting lipodystrophy (pits in skin or thickened skin) and localized cutaneous amyloidosis (skin with lumps) at the injection sites.
  • Do not use the exact same spot for each injection.
  • Do not inject where the skin has pits, is thickened, or has lumps.
  • Do not inject where the skin is tender, bruised, scaly or hard, or into scars or damaged skin.

What should I avoid while taking NovoLog

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• Do not drive or operate heavy machinery, until you know how NovoLog^® affects you.
• Do not drink alcohol or use medicines that contain alcohol. 

What are the possible side effects of NovoLog

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Serious side effects can lead to death, including:

Low blood sugar. Some signs and symptoms include:

• anxiety, irritability, mood changes, dizziness, sweating, confusion, and headache. 

Your insulin dose may need to change because of:

• weight gain or loss, increased stress, illness, or change in diet or level of physical activity.

Other common side effects may include:

• low potassium in your blood, injection site reactions, itching, rash, serious whole body allergic reactions, skin thickening or pits at the injection site, weight gain, and swelling of your hands and feet.

Get emergency medical help if you have:

• trouble breathing, shortness of breath, fast heartbeat, swelling of your face, tongue, or throat, sweating, extreme drowsiness, dizziness, or confusion.

• NovoLog^® is a man-made insulin used to control high blood sugar in adults and children with diabetes mellitus.

Please click here for NovoLog^® Prescribing Information.

NovoLog^® is a prescription medication.

• NovoLog^® is a man-made insulin used to control high blood sugar in adults and children with diabetes mellitus.

Do not share your NovoLog^® FlexPen^®, NovoLog^® FlexTouch^®, PenFill^® cartridge or PenFill^® cartridge compatible insulin delivery device with other people, even if the needle has been changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them.

Who should not take NovoLog

^®?

Do not take NovoLog^® if:

• your blood sugar is too low (hypoglycemia) or you are allergic to NovoLog^® or any of its ingredients.

Before taking NovoLog^®, tell your health care provider about all your medical conditions including, if you are:

• pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.
• taking new prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including supplements. 

Talk to your health care provider about how to manage low blood sugar.

How should I take NovoLog

^®?

• Read the Instructions for Use and take exactly as directed.
• NovoLog^® starts acting fast. Eat a meal within 5 to 10 minutes after taking it.
• Know the type and strength of your insulin. Do not change your insulin type unless your health care provider tells you to.
• Check your blood sugar levels. Ask your health care provider what your blood sugar levels should be and when you should check them.
• Do not reuse or share your needles with other people. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them.
• Change (rotate) your injection sites within the area you choose with each injection to reduce your risk of getting lipodystrophy (pits in skin or thickened skin) and localized cutaneous amyloidosis (skin with lumps) at the injection sites.
  • Do not use the exact same spot for each injection.
  • Do not inject where the skin has pits, is thickened, or has lumps.
  • Do not inject where the skin is tender, bruised, scaly or hard, or into scars or damaged skin.

What should I avoid while taking NovoLog

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• Do not drive or operate heavy machinery, until you know how NovoLog^® affects you.
• Do not drink alcohol or use medicines that contain alcohol. 

What are the possible side effects of NovoLog

^®?

Serious side effects can lead to death, including:

Low blood sugar. Some signs and symptoms include:

• anxiety, irritability, mood changes, dizziness, sweating, confusion, and headache. 

Your insulin dose may need to change because of:

• weight gain or loss, increased stress, illness, or change in diet or level of physical activity.

Other common side effects may include:

• low potassium in your blood, injection site reactions, itching, rash, serious whole body allergic reactions, skin thickening or pits at the injection site, weight gain, and swelling of your hands and feet.

Get emergency medical help if you have:

• trouble breathing, shortness of breath, fast heartbeat, swelling of your face, tongue, or throat, sweating, extreme drowsiness, dizziness, or confusion.

• NovoLog^® is a man-made insulin used to control high blood sugar in adults and children with diabetes mellitus.

Please click here for NovoLog^® Prescribing Information.

NovoLog^® is a prescription medication.

Look up your cost and a savings offer at MyNovoLogCost.com.

You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA.
Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1‑800-FDA-1088.

If you need assistance with prescription costs, help may be available. Visit www.pparx.org or call 1‑888-4PPA-NOW.

Talk to your health care provider about your diabetes management plan, including diet and exercise.

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Description of INSULIN ASPART indications, dosages, contraindications of the active substance INSULIN ASPART

instructions for use, analogues, articles » Directory of drugs

List of trade names

Short-acting insulin preparation. Reduces the content of glucose in the blood, enhances its absorption by tissues; binding to insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells, it increases the intensity of lipogenesis and glycogenogenesis, protein synthesis, and reduces the rate of glucose production by the liver. After s / c injection, the effect occurs within 10-20 minutes, reaches a maximum after 1-3 hours and lasts 3-5 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Rapidly absorbed from subcutaneous fat (replacing the amino acid proline at position B28 with aspartic acid reduces the tendency of molecules to form hexamers, which is observed in a solution of regular insulin, so the drug is absorbed much faster than a solution of human insulin). TCmax – 40 min.

Diabetes mellitus.

Hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia.

SC, in the area of ​​the abdominal wall, thigh, shoulder or buttocks, immediately before eating. Injection sites within the same area of ​​the body should be changed regularly. The dose and mode of administration is determined individually.
The individual need for insulin is 0.5-1 U / kg / day, of which 2/3 falls on prandial (before meals) insulin, 1/3 – on basal (background) insulin.

Hypoglycemia, transient edema, refractive error, allergic reactions; local reactions: hyperemia, swelling and itching at the injection site, lipodystrophy.
Overdose. Symptoms: hypoglycemia (weakness, “cold” sweat, pallor of the skin, palpitations, nervousness, tremor, hunger, paresthesia in the hands, feet, lips, tongue, headache, drowsiness, uncertainty of movements, impaired speech and vision, depression) , hypoglycemic coma, convulsions.
Treatment: the patient can eliminate mild hypoglycemia on his own by ingesting sugar or foods rich in easily digestible carbohydrates. Subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously, glucagon or intravenous hypertonic dextrose solution is administered. With the development of hypoglycemic coma, 20-40 ml (up to 100 ml) of a 40% dextrose solution are injected intravenously until the patient comes out of a coma. After recovery of consciousness, oral carbohydrate intake is recommended to prevent recurrence of hypoglycemia.

Pharmaceutically incompatible with solutions of other drugs. The hypoglycemic effect is enhanced by sulfonamides (including oral hypoglycemic drugs, sulfonamides), MAO inhibitors (including furazolidone, procarbazine, selegiline), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs (including salicylates), anabolic steroids (including stanozolol, oxandrolone, methandrostenolone), androgens, bromocriptine, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, Li + preparations, pyridoxine, quinidine, quinine, chloroquine, ethanol.
Glucagon, somatropin, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, estrogens, thiazide and loop diuretics weaken the hypoglycemic effect ana, nicotine, phenytoin, epinephrine, h2-histamine receptor blockers.
Beta-blockers, reserpine, octreotide, pentamidine can either increase or decrease the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.

Insufficient dose or interruption of treatment may lead to hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Concomitant infectious diseases increase, and damage to the kidneys or liver reduces the need for insulin. The transfer of a patient to a new type or brand of insulin should be carried out under strict medical supervision. When using insulin aspart, more injections per day or dose changes may be required compared to those when using conventional insulins. The need for dose adjustment may occur already at the first administration or in the first few weeks or months after the transfer. After compensation for carbohydrate metabolism, patients may change their typical symptoms, precursors of hypoglycemia, about which they should be informed.