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Ast lab values. AST Blood Test: Understanding Aspartate Aminotransferase Levels and Liver Health

What is an AST blood test. How is the AST test performed. What do AST results indicate about liver function. When should you get an AST test. How to interpret high or low AST levels. What other conditions can affect AST results.

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What is Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Why is it Important?

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, but also present in other tissues like the heart and muscles. As an essential protein, AST facilitates specific chemical reactions in the body. When liver cells are damaged, AST is released into the bloodstream, making it a valuable indicator of liver health.

The AST blood test measures the level of this enzyme in the blood, providing crucial insights into liver function and potential liver damage or disease. While primarily associated with liver health, elevated AST levels can also indicate issues in other organs or tissues where the enzyme is present.

Key Functions of AST in the Body

  • Facilitates amino acid metabolism
  • Assists in the urea cycle
  • Plays a role in gluconeogenesis
  • Supports energy production in cells

How is the AST Blood Test Performed?

The AST blood test is a straightforward procedure that requires minimal preparation. Here’s what you can expect:

  1. A healthcare professional will clean an area on your arm with an antiseptic.
  2. They will insert a small needle into a vein to draw a blood sample.
  3. The blood is collected in a vial or tube.
  4. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

The entire process typically takes only a few minutes. While some individuals may experience slight discomfort or a brief stinging sensation during the blood draw, serious complications are rare.

Preparing for the AST Test

Unlike some other blood tests, the AST test generally doesn’t require any special preparation. However, it’s always best to inform your healthcare provider about any medications, supplements, or herbal remedies you’re taking, as some substances can affect AST levels.

Understanding AST Test Results: What Do the Numbers Mean?

AST test results are typically reported in units per liter (U/L). The normal range for AST levels can vary slightly between laboratories, but generally falls between 8 to 33 U/L for adults. It’s important to note that “normal” ranges can differ based on factors such as age, sex, and the specific testing methods used by the laboratory.

Interpreting Elevated AST Levels

Higher than normal AST levels often indicate liver damage or disease. However, the extent of the elevation can provide additional insights:

  • Mild elevation (1-3 times the upper limit of normal): May suggest mild liver injury or conditions affecting other organs
  • Moderate elevation (3-20 times the upper limit of normal): Often seen in acute or chronic hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease
  • Severe elevation (>20 times the upper limit of normal): Typically indicates severe liver damage, such as that caused by drug toxicity or ischemic hepatitis

Common Causes of Elevated AST Levels

While elevated AST levels are most commonly associated with liver problems, various conditions can lead to increased AST in the blood. Understanding these potential causes can help in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Liver-Related Causes

  • Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, or autoimmune)
  • Cirrhosis
  • Liver cancer or tumors
  • Fatty liver disease
  • Drug-induced liver injury

Non-Liver Related Causes

  • Heart attack or heart failure
  • Muscle disorders or injuries
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Pancreatitis
  • Certain medications

It’s crucial to note that AST levels can also be temporarily elevated due to strenuous exercise or pregnancy. This underscores the importance of considering AST results in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and clinical information.

When Should You Get an AST Test?

Healthcare providers may recommend an AST test in various scenarios:

  1. As part of a routine health check-up
  2. To monitor known liver conditions
  3. To evaluate unexplained symptoms that might indicate liver problems
  4. To assess the effectiveness of treatments for liver disease
  5. To screen for potential liver damage in individuals with risk factors

Symptoms That May Warrant an AST Test

While liver problems don’t always cause noticeable symptoms in their early stages, certain signs may prompt your doctor to order an AST test:

  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
  • Unexplained fatigue or weakness
  • Abdominal pain or swelling
  • Dark urine or pale stools
  • Nausea or loss of appetite

AST/ALT Ratio: A Valuable Diagnostic Tool

The AST test is often performed alongside an ALT (alanine aminotransferase) test. The ratio of AST to ALT can provide additional diagnostic information:

  • AST/ALT ratio < 1: Typically seen in viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • AST/ALT ratio > 2: Often indicative of alcoholic liver disease or cirrhosis

This ratio, known as the De Ritis ratio, can help differentiate between various liver conditions and guide further diagnostic steps or treatment plans.

Limitations of the AST/ALT Ratio

While the AST/ALT ratio is a useful tool, it’s not definitive on its own. Factors such as medication use, coexisting medical conditions, and the duration of liver disease can affect this ratio. Therefore, healthcare providers typically consider it alongside other clinical and laboratory findings.

AST Test in Liver Function Panels: Comprehensive Liver Assessment

The AST test is often part of a broader liver function panel, which may include:

  • ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
  • ALP (alkaline phosphatase)
  • GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase)
  • Bilirubin
  • Albumin
  • Prothrombin time

This comprehensive panel provides a more complete picture of liver health and function, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of liver conditions.

Interpreting Liver Function Panels

Interpreting liver function panels requires expertise, as the pattern of abnormalities can point to specific liver conditions:

  • Elevated AST and ALT with normal ALP: Suggests hepatocellular damage
  • Elevated ALP and GGT with normal or mildly elevated AST/ALT: Indicates cholestatic liver disease
  • Elevated bilirubin with other abnormalities: May suggest more advanced liver disease or biliary obstruction

Managing Elevated AST Levels: Lifestyle Changes and Treatment Options

If AST levels are found to be elevated, treatment will depend on the underlying cause. However, certain lifestyle changes can often help improve liver health and lower AST levels:

  1. Limiting alcohol consumption or abstaining completely
  2. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
  3. Avoiding unnecessary medications and supplements
  4. Managing underlying conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol
  5. Getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B

Medical Treatments for Elevated AST

Depending on the cause of elevated AST, medical treatments may include:

  • Antiviral medications for viral hepatitis
  • Immunosuppressants for autoimmune hepatitis
  • Weight loss medications or surgery for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Chelation therapy for conditions like hemochromatosis
  • Liver transplantation in cases of severe liver failure

It’s crucial to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the specific cause of elevated AST and overall health status.

The Future of Liver Function Testing: Emerging Technologies and Biomarkers

While AST remains a valuable tool in assessing liver health, research is ongoing to develop more sensitive and specific biomarkers for liver disease. Some promising areas include:

  • MicroRNA profiling
  • Metabolomics
  • Advanced imaging techniques like elastography
  • Genetic markers for liver disease susceptibility

These emerging technologies may provide earlier detection of liver problems and more personalized treatment approaches in the future.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Liver Function Assessment

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms are being developed to analyze complex patterns in liver function tests, including AST results. These tools have the potential to:

  • Improve the accuracy of liver disease diagnosis
  • Predict disease progression more effectively
  • Personalize treatment plans based on individual patient data
  • Identify subtle patterns that might be missed by human interpretation alone

As these technologies continue to evolve, they may revolutionize how we interpret and utilize liver function tests like AST in clinical practice.

AST Test: Balancing Benefits and Limitations

The AST test is a valuable tool in assessing liver health, but it’s important to understand its limitations:

Benefits of AST Testing

  • Non-invasive and relatively inexpensive
  • Provides quick results
  • Useful for monitoring liver disease progression
  • Can indicate liver problems before symptoms appear

Limitations of AST Testing

  • Not specific to liver disease (can be elevated due to muscle damage)
  • Doesn’t identify the specific cause of liver damage
  • May be normal in some cases of chronic liver disease
  • Can be affected by factors like exercise or certain medications

Given these limitations, healthcare providers typically use AST results in conjunction with other tests and clinical information to make accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions.

In conclusion, the AST blood test is a crucial tool in assessing liver health and function. By understanding what AST is, how it’s measured, and what the results mean, patients can be more informed partners in their healthcare journey. While elevated AST levels can be concerning, they often serve as an early warning system, allowing for timely intervention and management of potential liver issues. As with any medical test, it’s essential to discuss AST results with a healthcare provider who can interpret them in the context of your overall health and guide you towards appropriate next steps.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test

Medical Tests 

Definition

The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test measures the level of the enzyme AST in the blood.

Alternative Names

Aspartate aminotransferase; Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; SGOT

How the Test is Performed

A blood sample is needed.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is needed.

How the Test will Feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.

Why the Test is Performed

AST is an enzyme found in high levels in the liver, heart, and muscles. It is also found in lesser amounts in other tissues. An enzyme is a protein that causes a specific chemical change in the body.

Injury to the liver results in release of AST into the blood.

This test is mainly done along with other tests (such as ALT, ALP, and bilirubin) to diagnose and monitor liver disease.

Normal Results

The normal range is 8 to 33 U/L.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different samples. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

An increased AST level is often a sign of liver disease. Liver disease is even more likely when the levels of substances checked by other liver blood tests have also increased.

An increased AST level may be due to any of the following:

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  • Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis)
  • Death of liver tissue
  • Heart attack
  • Too much iron in the body (hemochromatosis)
  • Swollen and inflamed liver (hepatitis)
  • Lack of blood flow to the liver (liver ischemia)
  • Liver cancer or tumor
  • Use of drugs that are toxic to the liver, especially alcohol use
  • Mononucleosis (“mono”)
  • Muscle disease or trauma
  • Swollen and inflamed pancreas (pancreatitis)

AST level may also increase after:

  • Burns (deep)
  • Heart procedures
  • Seizure
  • Surgery

Pregnancy and exercise may also cause an increased AST level.

Risks

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

  • Fainting or feeling lightheaded
  • Excessive bleeding
  • Multiple punctures to locate veins
  • Hematoma (blood collecting under the skin)
  • Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

References

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, aspartate transaminase, SGOT) – serum. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:172-173.

Pincus MR, Tierno PM, Gleeson E, Bowne WB, Bluth MH. Evaluation of liver function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 21.

Pratt DS. Liver chemistry and function tests. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 73.

Review Date: 01/26/2019

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only — they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright ©2019 A.D.A.M., Inc., as modified by University of California San Francisco. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have.

AST Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test

What is an AST Test?

AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme that is found mostly in the liver, but it’s also in muscles and other organs in your body. When cells that contain AST are damaged, they release the AST into your blood. An AST blood test measures the amount of AST in your blood. The test is commonly used to help diagnose liver damage or disease.

Other names: SGOT test, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase test; aspartate transaminase test

What is it used for?

An AST blood test is often part of a routine blood screening to check the health of your liver. The test may help diagnose or monitor liver problems. It may also help diagnose other health conditions.

Why do I need an AST blood test?

You may get an AST blood test as part of your routine checkup or if you have symptoms of liver damage. These may include:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Lack of appetite
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Jaundice, a condition that causes your skin and eyes to turn yellow
  • Swelling and/or pain in your abdomen (belly)
  • Swelling in your ankles and legs
  • Dark-colored urine (pee) and/or light-colored stool (poop)
  • Frequent itching

Even if you don’t have symptoms, your health care provider may order an AST blood test if you’re more likely to develop liver disease because of:

  • A family history of liver disease
  • Alcohol use disorder
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes
  • Taking certain medicines that can cause liver damage
  • Hepatitis or exposure to hepatitis

What happens during an AST blood test?

A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.

Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?

You don’t need any special preparations for an AST blood test. But an AST test is usually ordered with other blood tests. You usually need to fast (not eat or drink) for up to 12 hours before these tests. Your provider will let you know if there are any special instructions to follow.

Are there any risks to the test?

There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.

What do the results mean?

High levels of AST in the blood may be a sign of hepatitis, cirrhosis, mononucleosis, or other liver diseases. High AST levels may also be a sign of heart problems or pancreatitis.

If your results are not in the normal range, it doesn’t always mean that you have a medical condition that needs treatment. Many things can affect your results, such as certain medicines and your age, sex, and diet. To learn what your results mean, talk with your provider.

Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results.

Is there anything else I need to know about an AST blood test?

Your health care provider may order an ALT blood test with your AST blood test. ALT stands for alanine transaminase, which is another type of liver enzyme. If you have high levels of AST and/or ALT, it may mean that you have some type of liver damage.

You may also have an AST test as part of a group of liver function tests that measure ALT, and other enzymes, proteins, and substances in the liver.

References

  1. American Liver Foundation. [Internet]. New York: American Liver Foundation; c2017. Diagnosing Liver Disease – Liver Biopsy and Liver Function Tests; [updated 2020 Feb 17; cited 2022 Feb 14]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: https://liverfoundation. org/for-patients/about-the-liver/diagnosing-liver-disease/
  2. Hinkle J, Cheever K. Brunner & Suddarth’s Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. 2nd Ed, Kindle. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2014. Aspartate Aminotransferase; p. 68–69.
  3. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Blood Tests; [cited 2022 Feb 14]; [about 15 screens]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
  4. Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA).: OneCare Media; c2022. Aspartate Aminotransferase: The Test; [modified 2021 Nov 9; cited 2022 Feb 14; [about 14 screens]. Available from: https://www.testing.com/test/aspartate-aminotransferase-ast/
  5. University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; c2017. Health Encyclopedia: Aspartate Transaminase; [cited 2017 Mar 13]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://www. urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=aspartate_transaminase

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme that is found in all cells of the body, but mainly in the cells of the heart and liver, and to a lesser extent in the kidneys and muscles. Normally, AST activity in the blood is very low. When liver or muscle tissue is damaged, it is released into the blood. Thus, AST is an indicator of liver damage.

Synonyms Russian

Serum glutamine-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), aspartate transaminase, AST/ALT ratio.

Synonyms English

Aspartate aminotransferase.

Test method

UV kinetic test.

Units

U/L (unit per litre).

What biomaterial can be used for research?

Venous, capillary blood.

How to properly prepare for an examination?

  • Do not eat for 12 hours before the test.
  • Exclude physical and emotional overexertion within 30 minutes prior to the study.
  • Do not smoke for 30 minutes before the test.

Study Overview

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in all cells of the body, but primarily in the heart and liver, and to a lesser extent in the kidneys and muscles. In healthy patients, AST activity in the blood is low and the AST norm has low values. When the liver or muscles are damaged, AST is released, and the level of AST in the blood rises. In this regard, the activity of this enzyme is an indicator of liver damage. An analysis for AST is part of the so-called liver tests – studies that diagnose disorders in the liver.

The liver is a vital organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen. It is involved in many important bodily functions – helping with nutrient processing, bile production, the synthesis of many important proteins such as blood clotting factors, and breaking down potentially toxic compounds into harmless substances.

A number of diseases lead to damage to liver cells, which increases the activity of AST.

The most common test for AST is to check if the liver is damaged due to hepatitis, toxic drugs, cirrhosis. However, AST does not always reflect only liver damage; the activity of this enzyme can also increase in diseases of other organs, in particular, in myocardial infarction.

What is research used for?

  • To detect liver damage. Typically, an AST test is ordered along with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test or as part of a general liver function test. AST and ALT are considered the two most important indicators of liver damage, although ALT is more specific than AST. In some cases, AST is directly compared with ALT and their ratio (AST/ALT) is calculated. It can be used to find out the causes of liver damage.
  • Blood AST is often compared with other tests, such as alkaline phosphatase (AP), total protein, and bilirubin, to determine a specific form of liver disease.
  • To monitor the effectiveness of the treatment of liver diseases.
  • To monitor the health of patients taking drugs that are potentially toxic to the liver. If AST activity rises, the patient may be switched to other medications.

When is the test ordered?

  • For symptoms of liver disorder:
    • weakness, fatigue,
    • loss of appetite,
    • nausea, vomiting,
    • abdominal pain and bloating,
    • yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes,
    • dark urine, light stool,
    • itching.
  • If there are factors that increase the risk of liver disease:
    • previous hepatitis or recent exposure to hepatitis infection,
    • excessive alcohol consumption,
    • hereditary predisposition to liver diseases,
    • taking drugs that can damage the liver,
    • overweight or diabetic.
    • On a regular basis throughout the treatment process to determine its effectiveness.

What do the results mean?

Reference values ​​(AST norm for men, women and children):

Age, sex

Reference values ​​

0 – 1 year

1 – 4 years

4 – 7 years

7 – 13 years old

13 – 18 years old

> 18 years old

men

women

Normally, the activity of AST in the blood is low.

Excessively high AST activity (more than 10 times normal) is usually caused by viral infections. It can also increase significantly as a result of taking drugs or other substances that are toxic to the liver, as well as due to diseases that slow blood flow to the liver (ischemia).

In chronic hepatitis, AST activity usually exceeds the norm by no more than 4 times. It fluctuates between normal and somewhat elevated, so often an analysis is prescribed to determine the degree of the disease. Diseases such as obstruction of the biliary tract, cirrhosis, and some types of liver cancer contribute to a moderate increase in AST. After a heart attack and with muscle damage, AST activity can also increase, usually much more than ALT.

In most liver diseases, ALT activity in the blood is higher than AST activity, so the AST/ALT ratio will be low. However, there are a few exceptions: alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and muscle damage.

Important notes

  • During pregnancy, AST activity may decrease.
  • Intramuscular injections of drugs, as well as intense physical activity, increase the activity of AST in the blood.
  • In some patients, liver damage and, as a result, an increase in AST activity can be caused by taking dietary supplements. Therefore, it is necessary to inform the attending physician not only about all medications taken, but also about nutritional supplements.

Also recommended

  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
  • Alkaline phosphatase, total
  • Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT)
  • Serum albumin
  • Total protein in whey

Who orders the examination?

Therapist, cardiologist, hepatologist, gastroenterologist, general practitioner, surgeon, pediatrician.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) – get tested in St. Petersburg

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AST in a blood test – what is it? This is an analysis for the content in the blood of one of the liver enzymes – aspartate aminotransferase.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found mainly in the cells of the liver and heart, so if the level of AST in the blood is high, this may indicate disorders of the liver and heart, including myocardial infarction.

AST analysis is in the range of liver tests along with ALT analysis, both tests are most often taken for suspected liver disease, also taking into account the ratio of both enzymes. An increase in the level of AST in the blood test means that the patient may have heart problems. If ALT is higher, then, first of all, it is necessary to examine the liver.

Method of determination

AST indicators are determined by the UV kinetic method.

Test material

Examine the serum of venous or capillary blood.

Deadline

AST blood test can be obtained in 1 day.

Indications

An AST analysis is indicated for patient complaints of abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea and vomiting, appetite disorders, itching and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, weakness and fatigue. Dark urine at the same time as stool lightening are also alarming symptoms for the appointment of an analysis.

AST is also checked in people at risk: those who have had hepatitis or who have been in contact with an infected person, who suffer from chronic hepatitis, who abuse alcohol, drugs, and who take nephrotoxic drugs and dietary supplements. It is also advisable to periodically check AST in people who are overweight, have diabetes, and have a genetic predisposition to liver disease.

Regular checking of AST levels allows assessing the state of the liver in dynamics and the effectiveness of the treatment.

Preparation for analysis

An analysis for liver enzymes is usually taken in the morning, since 12 hours of abstinence from food is necessary. You can drink water. On the eve of the day of the study, it is necessary to exclude stress, both mental and physical, and also to abandon alcohol and energy drinks. Do not smoke one hour before blood sampling.

Synonyms: AST, Aspartate transaminase, AST/AST, Aspartate aminotransferase

Equipment: OLYMPUS AU/5800/680/480/-Beckman Coulter

Norms of AST in the blood depend on gender and age:

adults, gender Values ​​(U/l)
Men <40
Women <32

In children, the normative indicator varies depending on age:

Children, age Values ​​(U/l)
Up to a year <58
Up to 4 years <59
Up to 7 years <48
Up to 13 years old<44
Under 18 <39

If AST in the biochemical blood test is very high – more than 10 times or more than the norm – it is typical for viral infections. In patients with chronic hepatitis, AST is increased by 2-4 times, no more. Biliary obstruction, cirrhosis, and some types of liver tumors moderately increase AST.

* For current information, please contact the contact center at tel. 8 (812) 600-42-00

It is recommended to donate blood on an empty stomach (at least 6-8 hours of fasting). Drinking – water, as usual. On the eve of the study, exclude: food, physical and emotional overload, alcohol and energy drinks. Stop smoking 1 hour before the study.

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