What are the main causes of lower back pain in young adults. How can you identify symptoms of back muscle strain, degenerative disc disease, and lumbar herniated disc. What are effective treatments for these common back issues in younger people.

Back Muscle Strain: A Common Culprit of Lower Back Pain

Back muscle strain stands out as one of the most prevalent causes of lower back discomfort in young adults. This condition often results from everyday activities that put excessive stress on the back muscles and ligaments.

What Causes Back Muscle Strain?

Several factors can contribute to back muscle strain:

• Lifting heavy objects improperly
• Overexertion during exercise
• Sudden, jerky movements
• Twisting into awkward positions

These actions can lead to microscopic tears in the back muscles and ligaments, resulting in pain and discomfort.

Recognizing Symptoms of Back Muscle Strain

Identifying back muscle strain is crucial for proper treatment. Common symptoms include:

• Difficulty walking or standing upright without pain
• A dull, achy sensation in the lower back
• Localized stiffness or soreness when touched
• Pain that moves around the lower back, groin, and buttocks without radiating down the legs

Effective Treatment Options for Back Muscle Strain

Fortunately, back muscle strains often heal on their own with proper care. Treatment typically involves a combination of:

1. Rest to allow the muscles to heal
2. Applying ice or heat to reduce inflammation and promote blood flow
3. Taking anti-inflammatory pain medications
4. Gradually introducing gentle stretching and lower back exercises

By following these treatment methods, most young adults can expect relief from back muscle strain within a few weeks.

Degenerative Disc Disease: When Spinal Discs Break Down

Contrary to popular belief, degenerative disc disease can affect individuals as young as 20 years old. This condition occurs when the lumbar discs between vertebrae begin to deteriorate, leading to various uncomfortable symptoms.

Understanding the Mechanics of Degenerative Disc Disease

When spinal discs break down, they can cause:

• Painful inflammation in the lower back
• Slight instability in the spinal column
• Muscle spasms
• Sciatica in some cases

While the term “degenerative” may sound alarming, this condition is common and often responds well to treatment.

Identifying Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease

Young adults experiencing the following symptoms may be suffering from degenerative disc disease:

• Back pain that worsens when sitting
• Constant low-level lower back pain punctuated by episodes of severe pain or muscle spasms
• Relief from pain when walking or running
• Discomfort that eases with frequent position changes

Treatment Approaches for Degenerative Disc Disease

Managing degenerative disc disease often involves a multi-faceted approach:

1. Physical therapy to strengthen core and back muscles
2. Pain management techniques, including medication and heat/cold therapy
3. Lifestyle modifications to reduce stress on the spine
4. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be considered

With proper treatment and care, many young adults can effectively manage the symptoms of degenerative disc disease and maintain an active lifestyle.

Lumbar Herniated Disc: When Spinal Cushions Slip Out of Place

A lumbar herniated disc occurs when one of the rubbery discs between the vertebrae slips out of place or ruptures. This condition can cause significant pain and discomfort, particularly if it compresses nearby nerves.

The Mechanism of Lumbar Herniated Discs

When a disc herniates:

• The soft inner material of the disc pushes through a tear in the tougher outer layer
• This can irritate nearby nerves, causing pain and other symptoms
• In some cases, it may lead to sciatica, a condition where pain radiates along the sciatic nerve

Recognizing Symptoms of a Lumbar Herniated Disc

Young adults with a lumbar herniated disc may experience:

• Constant pain, as opposed to flare-ups that come and go
• More intense pain in the leg and foot compared to the back
• Pain typically on one side of the buttocks or leg
• Severe discomfort after prolonged standing or sitting, relieved by walking
• Intense tingling or burning sensation rather than a dull ache
• Possible weakness, numbness, or difficulty moving the affected leg or foot

Treatment Options for Lumbar Herniated Discs

Managing a lumbar herniated disc often involves:

1. Conservative treatments such as rest, physical therapy, and pain management
2. Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
3. In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, surgical options may be considered

With proper diagnosis and treatment, many young adults can find relief from the symptoms of a lumbar herniated disc and return to their normal activities.

The Importance of Early Diagnosis in Young Adult Back Pain

While back pain is often associated with older adults, it’s crucial to recognize that young adults can also suffer from significant back issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing long-term complications and ensuring a swift recovery.

Why Early Intervention Matters

Prompt attention to back pain in young adults is important for several reasons:

• It can prevent the condition from worsening
• Early treatment often leads to faster recovery times
• It helps identify any underlying serious conditions
• Proper diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment plans

When to Seek Medical Attention

Young adults should consult a healthcare professional if they experience:

• Persistent back pain lasting more than a few days
• Pain that interferes with daily activities or sleep
• Numbness, weakness, or tingling in the legs
• Any back pain accompanied by fever, weight loss, or bowel/bladder problems

Remember, early intervention can make a significant difference in the management and outcome of back pain in young adults.

Distinguishing Between Adult and Pediatric Back Pain

While this article focuses on young adults, it’s important to note that back pain in children and teenagers can differ significantly from adult back pain. Understanding these differences is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Key Differences in Pediatric Back Pain

Back pain in children and adolescents has several unique characteristics:

• It’s less common than in adults
• It’s more likely to indicate a serious underlying condition
• The causes often differ from those in adults
• The approach to diagnosis and treatment may vary

Red Flags in Pediatric Back Pain

Parents and healthcare providers should be particularly concerned if a child’s back pain is accompanied by:

• Fever or unexplained weight loss
• Weakness or numbness
• Trouble walking
• Pain that radiates down one or both legs
• Bowel or bladder problems
• Pain that disrupts sleep

These symptoms may indicate more serious underlying conditions that require immediate medical attention.

Diagnostic Approaches for Back Pain in Young Adults

When a young adult presents with back pain, healthcare providers employ a systematic approach to diagnosis. This process helps identify the underlying cause and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

The Importance of Medical History

A thorough medical history is crucial in diagnosing back pain. Healthcare providers typically ask questions such as:

• When did the pain begin?
• Was there a specific injury or activity that triggered the pain?
• Has the pain improved or worsened over time?
• What activities or positions exacerbate or alleviate the pain?
• How does the pain affect daily activities and sleep?

These questions help paint a comprehensive picture of the patient’s condition and guide further diagnostic steps.

Physical Examination Techniques

A thorough physical examination is essential in diagnosing back pain. This typically involves:

• Assessing the spine for deformities or misalignments
• Checking range of motion and flexibility
• Testing muscle strength and reflexes
• Evaluating for signs of nerve compression or irritation

The physical exam can provide valuable clues about the underlying cause of back pain and help determine if further diagnostic tests are necessary.

Advanced Diagnostic Tools

In some cases, additional diagnostic tests may be required to confirm a diagnosis or rule out certain conditions. These may include:

• X-rays to assess bone structure and alignment
• MRI scans to evaluate soft tissues, including discs and nerves
• CT scans for detailed images of bone structures
• Blood tests to check for inflammatory markers or other systemic issues

These advanced diagnostic tools can provide valuable insights into the underlying causes of back pain in young adults, guiding treatment decisions and improving outcomes.

Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Modifications for Back Health

While some causes of back pain in young adults may be unavoidable, there are numerous steps individuals can take to maintain back health and reduce the risk of developing chronic issues.

Maintaining Proper Posture

Good posture is crucial for spinal health. Young adults should focus on:

• Sitting with the back straight and shoulders relaxed
• Using ergonomic chairs and workstations
• Avoiding prolonged periods of sitting
• Being mindful of posture while using mobile devices

Proper posture can significantly reduce strain on the back muscles and spine, preventing many common causes of back pain.

Regular Exercise and Strength Training

A strong core and back muscles can help support the spine and prevent injuries. Young adults should consider:

• Incorporating regular cardiovascular exercise into their routine
• Focusing on exercises that strengthen core and back muscles
• Practicing yoga or Pilates for flexibility and strength
• Gradually increasing exercise intensity to avoid strain

Regular exercise not only strengthens the back but also improves overall health and well-being.

Proper Lifting Techniques

Many back injuries in young adults occur due to improper lifting. To prevent this:

• Bend at the knees, not the waist, when lifting heavy objects
• Keep the object close to your body
• Avoid twisting while lifting
• Ask for help with very heavy or awkward items

By following proper lifting techniques, young adults can significantly reduce their risk of back strain and injury.

Stress Management and Relaxation Techniques

Stress can contribute to muscle tension and back pain. Young adults should consider:

• Practicing mindfulness or meditation
• Engaging in regular relaxation exercises
• Seeking support when dealing with high-stress situations
• Maintaining a healthy work-life balance

Effective stress management can help reduce muscle tension and prevent stress-related back pain.

By implementing these preventive measures and lifestyle modifications, young adults can significantly improve their back health and reduce the risk of developing chronic back issues. While back pain can be a challenging condition to manage, understanding its causes, recognizing symptoms, and taking proactive steps towards prevention can lead to better overall spinal health and improved quality of life.

3 Causes Of Lower Back Pain in Young Adults

Most young adults don’t expect to suffer from back pain, it is usually associated with people who are much older. However, in your mid twenties to early thirties, it is possible to suddenly start experiencing lower back pain. This kind of soreness can be very debilitating and severely affect your quality of life.  Here are three of the main causes of back pain in young adults, and the symptoms to look out for.

1. Back Muscle Strain

One of the most common causes of lower back pain in young adults, back strain is often caused by lifting heavy objects, excessive exercising, sudden movements or twisting into an awkward position. The ligaments and muscles in your back might have stretched or suffered from microscopic tears, thus causing you pain. Back strains will  most often heal on their own with the help of some combination of rest, ice and/or heat application, anti-inflammatory pain medications, as well as gradual and gentle stretching and lower back exercises.

Symptoms of back muscle strain include:

• Difficulty walking or standing up straight without pain
• A pain that is dull and achy
• Localized stiffness or soreness upon being touched
• A pain that does not radiate down your legs, but moves around your lower back area, groin and buttocks.

2. Degenerative Disc Disease

Lumbar degenerative disc disease can affect individuals as young as 20. When the lumbar discs between your vertebrae begin to break down, the damaged disc can cause painful inflammation and slight instability in the lower back, which brings about muscle spasms and sometimes sciatica. Degenerative disc disease is common and is often successfully treated.

You may be suffering from degenerative disc disease if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Back pain worsened by sitting
• Low-level of constant lower back pain punctuated by episodes of severe pain/muscle spasms lasting a few days to a few months
• Walking, even running, may feel better than sitting/standing
• Changing positions frequently relieves pain

3.

Lumbar Herniated Disc

A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery disks between the vertebrae that stack up to form your spine. You can have a herniated disk without even knowing it, but sometimes a slipped disk can be really really painful. It causes a pain commonly known as Sciatica.  Sciatica happens when a nerve root in the lower spine is compressed, causing pain and numbness to travel along the large sciatic nerve that serves the buttocks, legs and feet.

Common symptoms of Sciatica include: 

• Pain typically is constant as opposed to flaring up for a few days or weeks and then ceasing.
• Pain is more intense in the leg and foot, rather than the back
• The pain is typically experienced on one side of the buttocks or leg
• Pain is severe after long periods of standing or sitting still but is relieved when walking
• The pain is more of an intense tingling or burning rather than a dull ache.
• May be accompanied by weakness, numbness or difficulty moving the leg or foot

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Back Pain in Children – OrthoInfo

Diseases & Conditions

Back Pain in Children

Back pain in children is not like back pain in adults. Compared to an adult, a child with a backache is more likely to have a serious underlying disorder. This is especially true if the child is 4 years old or younger, or if a child of any age has back pain accompanied by:

• Fever or weight loss
• Weakness or numbness
• Trouble walking
• Pain that radiates down one or both legs
• Bowel or bladder problems
• Pain that keeps the child from sleeping

More serious causes of back pain need early identification and treatment or they may become worse. Always see a doctor if your young child’s back pain lasts for more than several days or progressively worsens.

Your spine is made up of small bones, called vertebrae, which are stacked on top of one another and create the natural curves of your back.

Your doctor will begin by learning about how the problem developed, and will conduct a physical examination of your child. 

Medical History

Your doctor will ask general questions about your child’s overall health and more specific questions about the pain. These may include:

• When did the pain begin?
• Did it start after an injury or demanding activity?
• Has it improved or worsened?
• What activities or positions make the pain worse?
• What does your child do to make it less painful?

It is important for your doctor to know exactly where the pain is felt, how severe it is, and how much it interferes with the child’s schooling and activities. If the pain shoots into a leg it could mean that there is pressure on a nerve.

Physical Examination

During the physical examination, your doctor will carefully check the following:

• Spine. This will include feeling each vertebra and looking for deformities in the alignment and mobility of the spine. Increased roundness of the back (when viewed from the side) or a curve to the side (when viewed from the back) could be important. Your doctor will check posture and walking gait, the ability to bend over to touch the toes, and bending to the right and left. Difficulty with movement may indicate that there is a problem with the joints of the spine.
• Nerves in the back. Problems with the intervertebral disks can cause pressure on the nerves that exit the spine, so your doctor will perform specific tests for that. With your child lying face up, your doctor will raise the legs (straight leg raising test) and may also raise the legs with your child lying face down (reverse straight leg raising test). Testing reflexes and feeling in the legs will be done for the same reason.
• Muscles. The muscles in the back and legs wil be tested. Tightness of the back muscles or the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh will show that your child is trying to protect himself or herself from movements and positions that might be painful. Tenderness of the muscles will indicate a muscle injury, such as a strain.
• Balance, flexibility, coordination, and muscle strength. Other tests may be done to ensure that the back pain is not part of a bigger picture.

Imaging Tests

Your doctor may order one or more imaging tests to help make the diagnosis.

X-rays. X-rays provide images of dense structures, such as bones. X-rays of your child’s spine will show if there are fractures, displacements, or other problems within the bones.

Bone scans. This test involves injecting a substance into a vein, then using a special camera to see where it is picked up. It can pinpoint inflammation, infections, tumors, and fractures. Since the anatomy of the spine is very complicated and since these disease processes are not always visible on x-ray, a bone scan can be very useful.

Computerized tomography (CT) scans. This is a special x-ray technique that provides a three-dimensional image. It allows your doctor to see things that are not visible on two-dimensional x-rays, and is particularly helpful for understanding the complex anatomy of the spine.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.  An MRI shows the body’s soft tissues. It can be used to see the spinal cord, nerve roots, disks, and other structures that can be very important in back pain.

Positron emission tomography (PET). This test can help your doctor understand more about how the body’s tissues and organs are functioning.

Laboratory Tests

Blood tests, including the complete blood-cell count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), can be affected by the presence of inflammation or infection.

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Muscle Strain and Imbalances

Musculoskeletal strain is most often responsible for back pain in children and adolescents. This type of pain frequently responds to rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and an exercise program.

Many teenagers may have more persistent back pain. This is often related to tight hamstring muscles and weak abdominal muscles.  Having poor posture and carrying a heavy backpack can contribute to this pain. These children seem to improve with a physical therapy program that stresses hamstring stretching, abdominal strengthening and posture correction.

Rounded Back

In adolescents, increased roundness of the back (when viewed from the side) — also called Scheuermann’s kyphosis — is a common cause of pain in the middle of the back (the thoracic spine). Vertebrae become wedged, causing a rounded, or hunched, back. The curved part of the back may ache, and pain may get worse with activity.

Clinical photos show an adolescent male with an excessively rounded upper back. The severe kyphosis is most obvious when he bends forward.

Courtesy of Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children

For more in-depth information about kyphosis: Kyphosis (Roundback) of the Spine

Stress Fracture of the Spine

Spondylolysis, or stress fracture, may cause lower back pain in adolescents. Stress fractures may occur during adolescent growth spurts or in sports that repeatedly twist and hyperextend the spine, like gymnastics, diving, and football.

Pain is usually mild and may radiate to the buttocks and legs. The pain feels worse with activity and better with rest. A child with spondylolysis may walk with a stiff legged gait and only be able to take short steps.

To learn more about spinal stress fractures: Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

Slipped Vertebra

A slipped vertebra, or spondylolisthesis, occurs when one vertebra shifts forward on the next vertebra directly below. This may sometimes represent progression of a spondylolysis. It usually occurs at the base of the spine (lumbosacral junction). In severe cases, the bone narrows the spinal canal, which presses on the nerves.

In this drawing of spondylolisthesis, a vertebra in the lower back has shifted forward.

To learn more about slipped vertebrae: Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

Infection

In young children, infection in a disk space (diskitis) can lead to back pain. Diskitis typically affects children between the ages of 1 and 5 years, although older children and teenagers can also be affected.

A child with diskitis may have the following symptoms.

• Pain in the lower back or abdomen and stiffness of the spine
• Walking with a limp, or simply refusing to walk
• Squatting with a straight spine when reaching for something on the floor, rather than bending from the waist

Tumor

On rare occasion, tumors, such as osteoid osteoma, can be responsible for back pain. When they occur, tumors of the spine are most often found in the middle or lower back. Pain is constant and usually becomes worse over time. This pain is progressive; it is unrelated to activity and/or happens at night.

For more in-depth information about osteoid osteomas: Osteoid Osteoma

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Reviewed by members of
POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America)

The Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) is a group of board eligible/board certified orthopaedic surgeons who have specialized training in the care of children’s musculoskeletal health.  

Learn more about this topic at POSNA’s OrthoKids website:

Back Pain in Children

Back pain in women

What kind of back pain can be in women

Depending on the cause, the pain may be episodic or constant, sharp, shooting or aching. It can subside when changing position or, conversely, only increase with time, appear with reference to the day of the menstrual cycle or randomly.

Most often, back pain in women does not occur in isolation: it is accompanied by pain in the abdomen, perineum, legs or buttocks.

Severe low back pain that does not go away or increases within a few hours may indicate serious pathological processes that require immediate medical attention.

Causes of back pain in women

Quite often, back pain in women is caused by disorders or features of the organs of the reproductive and urinary systems. Unpleasant sensations can not only speak of an inflammatory process, but also accompany physiological processes.

The back, with inflammation or irritation in the abdomen, can hurt due to irradiation – the ability of the nervous system to propagate the nerve impulse from the source of irritation to the elements of the nervous system that are located along the nerve. Pain can occur not only in the abdomen or back, but also in the perineum, buttocks or legs.

Pathologies associated with the functioning of the musculoskeletal system are also not uncommon – they can be caused both by increased stress on the spine and joints in certain periods of a woman’s life (pregnancy, motherhood), and hormonal changes.

Pathologies of the organs of the reproductive system

Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue lining the uterus (endometrium) grows and extends beyond its organ. The process can spread to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary tract, intestines and other areas. This condition is often accompanied by painful cramps during menstruation and sexual intercourse, as well as during bowel movements or urination on certain days of the cycle. The causes of endometriosis are still unknown – presumably, it develops against the background of hormonal changes or anatomical features of the organs of the reproductive system.

Treatment is aimed at reducing pain with drugs (painkillers or hormonal drugs) or surgery.

Endometriosis – germination of the endometrium in the muscular layer of the uterus and other organs

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which causes severe pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, disturbed psycho-emotional state.

The disorder can presumably be provoked by various factors, from changes in hormonal levels during the cycle to an imbalance of chemical elements and lifestyle.

Treatment may include hormonal birth control or calcium, magnesium, vitamin B6 supplements. In some cases, antidepressants and work with a psychologist are indicated.

Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may order a number of tests to rule out conditions such as anemia, endometriosis, thyroid disorders, or irritable bowel syndrome.

Anemia

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Thyroid gland

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Decrease in hormone levels during menopause

With age, a woman’s body undergoes a natural process of reproductive function extinction. It is accompanied by a decrease in the production of hormones that provided the processes necessary for conception and gestation, and this, in turn, can lead to impaired blood circulation in tissues, changes in the musculoskeletal system and other processes. As a result, tissues receive less nutrition, bones become more fragile, and joints more vulnerable. The musculoskeletal system in women in menopause is more prone to microtrauma: sprains, dislocations, fractures and cracks can occur even with a slight external impact.

Due to the decrease in hormone levels during menopause, bones and joints become more vulnerable

With signs of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and other changes in women during menopause and postmenopause, the doctor prescribes tests to assess metabolic processes and the functioning of internal organs. If necessary, instrumental studies (ultrasound, x-ray) and consultations of narrow specialists are prescribed.

Osteocalcin

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Lipid complex

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Clinical blood test with leukocyte formula and ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in case of pathological changes) (venous blood)

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Function liver

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Kidney function

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Treatment includes pain relief, physiotherapy, and hormone replacement therapy.

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches itself not in the uterus, but outside it – to the walls of the fallopian tube, cervix or abdominal cavity. With this arrangement, the normal development of the fetus is impossible, and there is also a high threat to the health and reproductive function of the mother. An ectopic pregnancy is accompanied by severe pain in the abdomen and back, bleeding, and in some cases loss of consciousness.

If you suspect an ectopic pregnancy, you should contact your gynecologist or obstetrician as soon as possible. To make a diagnosis, transvaginal ultrasound and analysis for “pregnancy hormones” – hCG and progesterone are used.

beta-hCG

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Treatment involves immediate surgical intervention: an ectopic pregnancy is dangerous because the fallopian tube can rupture and cause severe internal bleeding.

Diseases of the urinary tract

Pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) and urolithiasis (kidney stones) are diseases that occur more often in women than in men, due to anatomical features: a shorter and wider urethra, through which bacteria penetrate more quickly, and the proximity of the vagina and anus, in which these bacteria can accumulate.

Low back pain is one of the main signs of pathology. It can be pulling or aching (this usually occurs and subsides periodically) or very sharp (this usually does not go away on its own and requires emergency medical care).

Pyelonephritis pain may be aching or very sharp

If you suspect a disease of the urinary system, you should contact a urologist or nephrologist. The doctor will prescribe tests and instrumental studies (ultrasound, X-ray examination, computed tomography, including the use of a contrast agent) to make a diagnosis and choose a treatment strategy.

Depending on the pathology and the degree of its severity, treatment can be either medical or surgical. Treatment for kidney diseases is mandatory: they do not go away on their own, intensify over time and lead to dangerous complications.

Diseases of the pancreas

Different types of pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas – are accompanied by pain in the abdomen, radiating to the back. Along with this, nausea and vomiting, a decrease in blood pressure and a slight increase in temperature are possible. If you suspect a disease, you need to contact a gastroenterologist – he will conduct an examination and prescribe tests and instrumental studies.

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Treatment of pancreatic diseases, depending on the diagnosis and stage of development of the pathology, may include diet, drug therapy aimed at pain relief and spasm relief, antiemetics. In some cases, antibiotics are prescribed.

Traumatic injuries

Traumatic injuries of the lower back in women are not uncommon – they are especially common in young mothers and pregnant women. This is due to a very high load on the spine during pregnancy and after childbirth (due to the fact that the child has to be carried a lot), injuries during childbirth, as well as physiological changes in the body of a woman before childbirth – softening of the ligaments, divergence or displacement of bones.

Low back pain during pregnancy and during early motherhood can be caused by a variety of pathologies – deformities of muscles and ligaments, hernias and protrusions, scoliosis (curvature of the spine), inflammation of the joints.

Deformities and sprains of muscles and ligaments. May be due to awkward movement if a woman lifts something very heavy or does not follow safety precautions when working with bulky objects.

With sprains and deformities, the pain increases during movement, muscle spasms may appear. It may hurt to walk, lean forward, or keep your back straight.

Diagnosis of deformities and sprains of muscles and ligaments is based on data from a physical examination and instrumental studies – ultrasound, X-ray, MRI of the lumbar region. If you suspect a sprain or deformity of muscles or ligaments, you should contact an orthopedic traumatologist.

Lower back pain can occur if safety precautions are not followed during strength training

Treatment is to relieve acute pain and muscle spasm – for this, ice compresses, painkillers, drugs to relieve muscle spasm (muscle relaxants) are used. It is important to let the damaged area rest so that the tissues can recover – it usually takes about 2 weeks. After that, it is important to start rehabilitation: physiotherapy exercises aimed at restoring muscle function are shown.

Without treatment, deformities and sprains lead to limited mobility: trying not to injure the damaged area, a person reduces activity, which can lead to weight gain, reduced bone strength and loss of muscle mass.

Intervertebral disc pathologies. Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous plates with jelly-like contents located between the vertebrae. They act as shock-absorbing pillows for the vertebrae, ensuring their mobility. Discs can become dislodged (protrusions) or rupture (herniated), causing severe pain and limiting spinal mobility.

Herniated discs and protrusions can occur in people with a weak muscular frame and overweight, in those who lead a sedentary lifestyle or lift weights. Smokers are more prone to pathologies of the intervertebral discs.

Treatment consists in relieving pain and inflammation – for this, rest, painkillers, ointments and compresses on the inflamed area are recommended. Your doctor may prescribe physical therapy or a course of exercise therapy. With moderate damage, the disc can recover if the cause of the hernia or protrusion is excluded, for example, by strengthening the muscle corset, reducing weight, or eliminating excessive stress on the spine.

Lumbar scoliosis (curvature of the spine) is a displacement of the spinal column to the right or left relative to the vertical axis. Pathology leads to increased pressure on certain areas of the intervertebral discs and vertebrae, as well as to pinching of tissues and nerve fibers. Scoliosis can cause severe pain in the lower back on the right or left – where there is a lot of load – and severely limit the mobility of the spine.

Scoliosis (curvature) of the spine can cause severe pain in the part of the lower back where there is a large load

Scoliosis can occur due to the weakening of the muscular corset in the absence of sufficient physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle. In young mothers, scoliosis can develop due to carrying the baby with one hand resting on the thigh or due to sleeping on the side while breastfeeding at night.

Treatment involves the introduction of balanced physical activity (physiotherapy, swimming), massage and manual therapy, physiotherapy to strengthen muscles, such as electrical stimulation. With severe injuries, wearing a corset is indicated, which helps maintain the correct position of the spine.

Arthritis and arthrosis – inflammation and degenerative processes in the joints of the spine – can also cause severe back pain. There are many forms of arthritis, among them osteoarthritis (damage to cartilage and adjacent tissues).

Arthritis can be caused by natural aging, genetic predisposition, autoimmune disease, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and increased stress.

Treatment of arthritis, depending on the form, may include the use of non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, physiotherapy (magnetic therapy, electrophoresis), therapeutic massage, physiotherapy exercises.

How to determine the cause of back pain

If the lower back hurts, the causes may be different, which means that the treatment tactics will be different.

At the appointment, the doctor will conduct an examination, determine the cause of the pain and give recommendations for treatment. This will help eliminate dangerous conditions and prevent the development of complications.

Which doctor to contact with a complaint of back pain

If back pain appeared after an injury, a fall or an unusual physical activity, you need to contact an orthopedic traumatologist. If the cause of the pain is not clear, it is recommended to start the examination with a therapist: he will conduct primary studies and determine which specialist should be contacted for more detailed diagnosis and treatment.

Pathologies of the organs of the reproductive system are treated by a gynecologist or an obstetrician-gynecologist. Diseases of the urinary system are treated by a urologist or nephrologist. Gastroenterologist deals with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

What to do for back pain

If the pain occurs due to severe physical overwork or injury, the back should be given a rest – perhaps this will be enough for the muscles to recover and the mobility of the spine to return.

If the pain does not go away within 1-2 days or if it is very severe, you should consult a doctor to rule out dangerous conditions. While waiting for the doctor, you can try to relieve acute pain with painkillers.

Indication for immediate medical attention:

• severe, sharp pain that makes it impossible to stand or walk;
• fever or chills;
• uncontrolled bowel or bladder emptying;
• numbness, tingling in the legs;
• severe abdominal pain;
• vaginal bleeding outside the cycle, fever, pain when urinating.

Diagnosis of pathologies that can cause back pain in women

If you suspect kidney disease , you should contact a urologist, nephrologist or general practitioner. The doctor will analyze complaints and conduct a physical examination, and then prescribe laboratory and instrumental studies to clarify the diagnosis.

Kidney (screening)

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Kidney function

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Liver and kidneys after COVID-19 900 05

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Based on blood and urine tests, the doctor will be able to determine if there is inflammation in the organs of the urinary system, and ultrasound and X-ray studies will help visualize the organs, determine the cause of pain and choose the most effective treatment tactics.

Complete blood count helps to identify inflammation and assess its strength.

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Complete urinalysis reveals blood in the urine, urine pH, the presence of foreign matter and indirect signs of inflammation.

Urinalysis

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A biochemical blood test allows you to evaluate the work of internal organs and identify chronic diseases.

Biochemistry 8 indicators

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If necessary, the doctor will refer you for instrumental studies (ultrasound, x-ray, MRI) or recommend contacting a specialist for further diagnosis and treatment.

If diseases of the reproductive system are suspected , they turn to a gynecologist or an obstetrician-gynecologist. The doctor will conduct an examination and prescribe a series of laboratory and instrumental studies to determine the cause of the pain and exclude sexual infections, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia.

Women’s safety

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CHECK-UP №2 for women (smear analysis)

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If you suspect a pathology of the musculoskeletal system , you should contact a neurologist and an orthopedic traumatologist.

Diagnosis is carried out during a physical examination and using instrumental methods: magnetic resonance therapy, computed tomography, X-ray and ultrasound. It is also possible to prescribe a myelogram (this is an X-ray or CT scan with a contrast agent that is injected into the spinal canal) and electromyography – a study that allows you to assess the condition of nerve and muscle fibers.

If necessary, the doctor will prescribe tests to rule out inflammation and mineral deficiency.

Joint inflammation

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Vitamin D and zinc

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Health minerals

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Treatment of pathologies that can cause back pain in women

Tactics of treatment for back pain in women depends on what caused the pain. In pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, muscle relaxants, injections of corticosteroid drugs are prescribed. Reproductive system disorders are treated with hormonal contraceptives, premenstrual disorders with antidepressants and compensation for vitamin and mineral deficiencies. In some cases, surgical operations are indicated.

How to relieve back pain at home

If low back pain is caused by back strain or menstruation, you can try to relieve it yourself.

Ways to relieve pain at home:

• paracetamol or ibuprofen based painkillers;
• exercises for gentle stretching of the muscles of the lower back;
• massage, including self-massage and myofascial release roll exercises;
• Pillows and bolsters – these can be placed under the lower back or between the knees in a side-lying position to take a comfortable position.

If the pain does not go away within 1-2 days or gets worse, you should consult a doctor to prevent dangerous complications.

Prophylaxis

The main recommendation for the prevention of low back pain is to follow safety precautions while lifting heavy objects, maintaining a strong muscle corset, as well as healthy bones and joints. To exclude diseases of internal organs, it is recommended to undergo regular examinations by a gynecologist and other specialists.

Prevention of back sprains and microtraumas:

• a varied diet that includes vitamins and minerals needed to maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints;
• maintaining a healthy weight;
• regular exercise: exercises to prevent back pain should include strength training to develop the muscular frame, stretching to relieve muscle cramps and spasms, and cardio to maintain blood circulation and tissue nutrition;
• compliance with safety regulations during sports activities – for example, the first classes in the gym must be supervised by a qualified trainer;
• household safety – many injuries can be avoided by wearing comfortable shoes, holding on to the railing on the stairs, taking your time when the street is slippery;
• compliance with safety precautions when lifting weights – the load on the spine will be less if you approach the object as close as possible (do not reach for it), and when lifting objects from the floor, bend your legs, and not tilt the body.

Smoking impairs blood circulation and impairs tissue nutrition, which increases the risk of damage and injury.

Lower back pain – what to do, causes in men and women

What can be pain in the lower back

Low back pain can be sharp or aching, come on suddenly or increase gradually, appear with exertion or certain movements (for example, bending over), or persist regardless of what the person is doing.

Pain may be pinpoint or radiating (i.e. spreading to other areas). At the same time, a person has pain not only in the back in the lumbar region, but also in other parts of the body, such as the lower abdomen, perineum, leg or buttock.

Low back pain may present with stiffness or muscle spasms. It may be difficult for a person to bend over or rise from a lying position, stand with a straight back, or maintain good posture while walking.

If the pain is caused by a muscle spasm or a pinched nerve, it can be unbearable and even disabling. Such pain forces you to stay in bed until medical attention is received.

Why does the lower back hurt

The most common cause of back pain is one or another pathology of the musculoskeletal system: sprains, pinching, inflammation. They are often found in men who work with their hands, athletes, young mothers.

Also, discomfort in the lower back can be a sign of acute or chronic diseases of the internal organs. This is due to the fact that pain impulses are able to be transmitted along nerve fibers to neighboring regions. In this case, they say that the pain “gives” to the lower back.

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system causing back pain

Most often, back pain is caused by injuries and pathologies of the musculoskeletal system – sprains of muscles and ligaments, spinal injuries, hernia and protrusion of the intervertebral discs, inflammation of the joints, diseases of the bone tissue.

Deformities and sprains of muscles and ligaments

Such injuries can occur due to awkward movement if a person lifts something very heavy or does not follow safety precautions when working with bulky objects. You can also get injured while playing sports or if you just sneeze unsuccessfully.

Lower back pain can occur if lifting heavy objects without proper safety precautions

With sprains and deformities, the pain increases during movement, muscle spasms may appear. It may be painful for a person to walk, lean forward, or keep their back straight.

Diagnosis of deformities and sprains of muscles and ligaments is based on data from a physical examination and instrumental studies – ultrasound, X-ray, MRI of the lumbar region. If you suspect a sprain or deformity of muscles or ligaments, you should contact an orthopedic traumatologist.

Treatment is to relieve acute pain and muscle spasm – for this, ice compresses, painkillers, drugs to relieve muscle spasm (muscle relaxants) are used. It is important to let the damaged area rest so that the tissues can recover – it usually takes about 2 weeks. After that, it is important to start rehabilitation: physiotherapy exercises aimed at restoring muscle function are shown.

Without treatment, deformities and sprains lead to limited mobility: trying not to injure the damaged area, a person reduces activity, which can lead to weight gain, reduced bone strength and loss of muscle mass.

Spinal injuries

An injury (usually a fracture) to one or more vertebrae resulting from falls, accidents, sports or domestic injuries. In people with bone density disorders (for example, osteoporosis), such damage can be caused by even a minor impact.

Treatment of spinal injuries is to prevent displacement and further deformation of the vertebral discs. If the damage is not severe, it is recommended to sleep on a hard surface and limit physical activity. If the damage is significant, surgical methods are used for fixation.

Without treatment, damage to the vertebral discs can cause stenosis (narrowing) of the spinal canal, neurological disorders, including sciatica – pinching of nerve fibers extending from the spine.

Pathologies of intervertebral discs

Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous plates with jelly-like contents located between the vertebrae. They act as shock-absorbing pillows for the vertebrae, ensuring their mobility. Discs can become dislodged (protrusions) or rupture (herniated), causing severe pain and limiting spinal mobility.

Herniated discs and protrusions can occur in people with a weak muscular frame and overweight, in those who lead a sedentary lifestyle or lift weights. Smokers are more prone to pathologies of the intervertebral discs.

Herniated disc – protrusion of the intervertebral disc into the spinal canal

Treatment consists in relieving pain and inflammation – for this, rest, painkillers, ointments and compresses on the inflamed area are recommended. Your doctor may prescribe physical therapy or a course of exercise therapy. With moderate damage, the disc can recover if the cause of the hernia or protrusion is excluded, for example, by strengthening the muscle corset, reducing weight and not putting excessive stress on the spine.

If the back pain is so severe that it interferes with daily activities, does not subside within 1-1. 5 months, or if the symptoms worsen, you need to see your doctor again. In some cases, steroid therapy or even surgery may be required.
With age, the development of a degenerative disease of the intervertebral discs is possible – they become flatter and perform a worse shock-absorbing function, which can also cause pain. In this case, the treatment includes pain relief and general recovery of the body.

Scoliosis of the lumbar spine

Scoliosis (curvature) of the spine is a displacement of the spinal column to the right or left relative to the vertical axis. Pathology leads to increased pressure on certain areas of the intervertebral discs and vertebrae, as well as to pinching of tissues and nerve fibers. Scoliosis can cause severe pain in the lower back on the right or left – where there is a lot of load – and severely limit the mobility of the spine.

Scoliosis (curvature) of the spine can cause severe pain in the part of the lower back where there is a large load

Scoliosis can occur due to the weakening of the muscular corset in the absence of sufficient physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle (in schoolchildren, office workers). In this case, it is difficult for the muscles to maintain the physiological position of the back and curvatures are formed.

Treatment involves the introduction of balanced physical activity (physiotherapy, swimming), massage and manual therapy, physiotherapy to strengthen muscles, such as electrical stimulation. With severe injuries, wearing a corset is indicated, which helps maintain the correct position of the spine.

Arthritis and arthrosis

Inflammation and degenerative processes in the joints of the spine can also cause severe back pain. There are many forms of arthritis, among them are osteoarthritis (damage to cartilage and adjacent tissues), ankylosing spondylitis (Bekhterev’s disease – damage to the joints of the spine, which leads to fusion of the vertebrae).

Arthritis can be caused by natural aging, genetic predisposition, autoimmune diseases.

Treatment of arthritis, depending on the form, may include the use of non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, physiotherapy procedures (magnetic therapy, electrophoresis), therapeutic massage, physiotherapy exercises.

Physiotherapy treatments help relieve pain in joint pathologies

Spondylolisthesis

Displacement of a vertebra relative to the spinal column (spondylolisthesis) occurs as a result of trauma or degenerative processes in the spine. Pathology occurs in athletes, older people or people with a hereditary predisposition to bone diseases (for example, osteoporosis – a violation of bone density). Spondylolisthesis can lead to severe pain in the lower back, buttocks and legs, cramps or weakness in the legs.

Treatment involves the removal of pain and inflammation that occurs against the background of squeezing adjacent tissues by the vertebra. Depending on the severity of the pain syndrome, the doctor may prescribe non-hormonal painkillers in tablets or injections with corticosteroid drugs. At the same time, physiotherapeutic procedures and physiotherapy exercises are prescribed to strengthen the muscles and restore the position of the vertebrae. If spondylolisthesis is accompanied by very severe pain, surgical treatment is used.

In traumatic and non-infectious pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, back pain usually subsides or decreases when the person assumes a comfortable position.

If spondylolisthesis is accompanied by severe pain, the doctor may prescribe corticosteroid injections

Infectious diseases of the spine

Inflammation of bone tissue (osteomyelitis) and inflammation of the intervertebral disc (discitis) can cause severe back pain. These pathologies, as a rule, are of a secondary nature, that is, they arise as a complication of inflammation of other organs (the infection enters the tissues with the blood flow).

Treatment involves hospitalization, lasts up to 1 month, and then requires rehabilitation, which takes 6 to 12 months.

Tumor diseases of the spine

Neoplasms can develop under the influence of hereditary or external factors (for example, radiation), but most often occur as repeated foci (metastases) in oncological diseases of other organs – the lungs, mammary glands, prostate, thyroid gland, kidneys.

One of the most characteristic symptoms in neoplastic pathologies is pain that does not subside when changing position or after rest. Symptoms such as numbness, partial paralysis, uncontrolled urination, and a sharp increase in body temperature with chills are also possible. Without treatment, the symptoms worsen.

Treatment is based on tumor type, location, and symptoms and may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical removal of the tumor. Anesthesia is carried out with non-hormonal or steroid drugs. To stabilize the spine, the doctor may prescribe the wearing of a corset.

Orthopedic corset helps to stabilize the spine

Diseases of the internal organs causing back pain

Low back pain may occur in diseases not associated with pathologies of the spine and adjacent tissues. Acute or aching, it can accompany inflammation of the internal organs: pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, abdominal aortic aneurysm. In women, pain in the lower back can develop with gynecological pathologies.

Urolithiasis

A disease in which stones form in the kidneys and bladder – solid formations from the sediment of the chemical components of urine. Back pain is one of the main signs of pathology. Depending on the size and location, kidney stones can cause dull and aching pain that comes and goes periodically, or very sharp pain that does not go away on its own and requires emergency medical attention.

Urolithiasis – formation of stones in the kidneys and bladder

If you suspect kidney stones, you should contact a urologist or nephrologist. The doctor will prescribe tests and instrumental studies (ultrasound, X-ray examination, computed tomography, including the use of a contrast agent) to make a diagnosis and choose a treatment strategy.

Treatment is prescribed taking into account the size, nature, location of stones and other factors. If the stone is small (5–10 mm), and there are no other indications for surgical removal, drug treatment is used. If there is no positive dynamics within a month, removal by non-invasive or surgical methods is recommended.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Weakening of the walls of the abdominal aorta (aneurysm) can lead to a life-threatening condition – rupture of the aorta and intra-abdominal bleeding. As a rule, pathology occurs in older people: at risk are men over 65 years old and women over 70 years old, including smokers, those suffering from vascular diseases (high blood pressure), having cases of aneurysms before or a hereditary predisposition to them.

Low back pain due to abdominal aortic aneurysm does not subside with time and may be accompanied by pain in the abdomen and legs.

If an aneurysm is suspected, abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography are prescribed.

Treatment depends on the size of the aneurysm. Minor changes require follow-up with instrumental examination twice a year and lifestyle changes. Significant (over 5 cm, with a high risk of rupture) – are an indication for abdominal or minimally invasive surgery.

How to prevent back pain

Since low back pain is most often caused by traumatic injury to the muscles, fascia, joints, or bones, the main prevention recommendation is to follow safety precautions, maintain a strong muscle corset, and maintain healthy bones and joints.

Prevention of back sprains and microtraumas:

• a varied diet that includes vitamins and minerals needed to maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints;
• maintaining a healthy weight;
• regular physical activity: exercises to prevent back pain should include strength training to develop the muscular frame, stretching to relieve muscle clamps and spasms, and cardio to maintain blood circulation and tissue nutrition;
• compliance with safety regulations during sports activities – for example, the first classes in the gym must be supervised by a qualified trainer;
• household safety – many injuries can be avoided by wearing comfortable shoes, holding on to the railing on the stairs, taking your time when the street is slippery;
• compliance with safety precautions when lifting weights – the load on the spine will be less if you approach the object as close as possible (do not reach for it), and when lifting objects from the floor, bend your legs, and not tilt the body.

Yoga and Pilates classes help relieve cramps and tightness in the lower back

Smoking impairs blood circulation and impairs tissue nutrition – this increases the risk of damage and injury.

What to do if your lower back hurts

If the lower back hurts, the causes may be different, which means that the treatment tactics will be different.

In case of severe physical overwork, the back needs to be given a rest – perhaps this will be enough for the muscles to recover and the mobility of the spine to return.

If the pain does not go away within 1-2 days or if it is very severe, you need to see a doctor. While waiting for the doctor, you can try to relieve acute pain with painkillers.

At the appointment, the doctor will conduct an examination, determine the cause of the pain and give recommendations for treatment. This will help eliminate dangerous conditions and prevent the development of complications.

Warming (lumbar pepper patch, hot water heater, sauna) is contraindicated for inflammation, but can relieve acute pain in the lower back if it is caused by muscle overwork or a pinched nerve. These methods can only be used after consulting a doctor.

Which doctor to contact with a complaint of back pain

If you suspect a pathology of the musculoskeletal system, you should contact a neurologist and an orthopedic traumatologist.

Diagnosis is carried out during a physical examination and using instrumental methods: magnetic resonance therapy, computed tomography, x-ray and ultrasound. It is also possible to prescribe a myelogram (X-ray or CT scan with a contrast agent that is injected into the spinal canal) and electromyography – a study that allows you to assess the condition of nerve and muscle fibers.

If you suspect kidney disease, you should contact a urologist, nephrologist or general practitioner. The doctor will analyze complaints and conduct a physical examination, and then prescribe laboratory and instrumental studies to clarify the diagnosis.

Based on blood and urine tests, the doctor will be able to determine if there is inflammation in the organs of the urinary system, and ultrasound and X-ray studies will help visualize the organs, determine the cause of pain and choose the most effective treatment tactics.

If the origin of back pain is not clear, you should contact your general practitioner or general practitioner.

The doctor will take an anamnesis (disease history), analyze hereditary risks, conduct a physical examination and prescribe tests that will identify inflammatory processes or abnormalities in the functioning of internal organs.

Complete blood count helps to identify the inflammatory process.

Complete blood count extended with leukocyte formula and reticulocytes (only venous blood)

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Complete urinalysis allows you to determine the acidity (pH) of urine, detect blood in the urine and signs of inflammation.

Urinalysis

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A biochemical blood test allows you to evaluate the work of internal organs and identify chronic diseases.

Biochemistry 8 indicators

1,160 ₽

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If necessary, the doctor will refer you for instrumental studies (ultrasound, x-ray, MRI) or recommend contacting a specialist for further diagnosis and treatment.