How can you relieve mosquito bite itching with household items. What natural ingredients are effective for soothing insect bites. Why do mosquito bites itch and cause discomfort. Which kitchen staples can provide relief from bug bite irritation.

Understanding Mosquito Bites: Causes and Symptoms

Mosquito bites are a common nuisance during warmer months. These tiny insects are attracted to human blood, and their bites can leave behind itchy, swollen bumps. While most mosquito bites are harmless, they can cause significant discomfort and, in rare cases, lead to more serious health issues.

Why do mosquito bites itch? When a mosquito pierces your skin, it injects saliva that contains anticoagulants. Your body’s immune system reacts to these foreign substances, causing the characteristic itching and swelling. The bump from a mosquito bite may not appear immediately, often developing hours after the initial bite.

Common Symptoms of Mosquito Bites

• Puffy, red bump appearing soon after the bite
• Itching and irritation around the affected area
• Hard, reddish-brown bump or multiple bumps appearing a day or so after the bite
• Small blisters instead of hard bumps (less common)
• Dark spots that look like bruises (rare, usually in children)

In most cases, mosquito bites are merely an annoyance. However, it’s important to be aware of potential complications. Can mosquito bites cause serious health problems? In some regions, mosquitoes can transmit diseases such as malaria, Zika virus, West Nile virus, and dengue fever. The risk of infection varies depending on your geographical location and the prevalence of these diseases in your area.

Natural Remedies for Mosquito Bite Relief

While there are many over-the-counter creams and ointments available for treating mosquito bites, you can often find effective relief using simple, natural ingredients found in your home. These remedies can help reduce itching, swelling, and discomfort associated with mosquito bites.

Oatmeal: A Soothing Breakfast and Bite Treatment

Oatmeal is not just a nutritious breakfast option; it’s also an excellent remedy for mosquito bites. How does oatmeal help relieve itching? Oatmeal contains compounds with anti-irritant properties that can soothe the skin and reduce inflammation.

To use oatmeal for mosquito bite relief, create a paste by mixing equal parts oatmeal and water. Apply this paste to the affected area using a washcloth and leave it on for about 10 minutes before rinsing. For multiple bites, consider taking an oatmeal bath by adding a cup of ground oats to warm bathwater and soaking for 20 minutes.

Cold Therapy: Numbing the Itch

Applying cold to a mosquito bite can provide immediate relief by numbing the skin and reducing inflammation. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using a cold, damp cloth or an ice pack to alleviate itching.

How should you apply cold therapy to mosquito bites? Wrap ice or a cold pack in a thin towel to protect your skin from direct contact with the cold source. Apply the cold compress to the bite for 5 to 10 minutes at a time, several times a day as needed.

Heat Therapy: An Alternative Approach

While less common than cold therapy, applying heat to mosquito bites may also provide relief. Some specialized devices, like BiteAway, use controlled heat to reduce swelling and itching. However, these tools can be expensive.

For a DIY approach, soak a clean cloth in warm water (as hot as you can comfortably tolerate without burning yourself) and apply it to the bite for up to 10 minutes. Remember to avoid using heat therapy on open wounds or broken skin.

Kitchen Staples as Mosquito Bite Remedies

Your kitchen pantry may hold several effective remedies for mosquito bites. These common household items can provide relief from itching and swelling.

Honey: Nature’s Sweet Healer

Honey has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for various ailments. Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties make it an excellent choice for treating mosquito bites. How can honey help with bug bites? Applying a small drop of honey to the affected area can reduce inflammation and may help prevent infection.

When using honey as a remedy, be aware that it can create a sticky mess if you scratch the area. This sticky quality may actually help reduce the temptation to scratch, further aiding in the healing process.

Baking Soda: A Versatile Home Remedy

Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, is a common household item with numerous uses, including mosquito bite relief. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends creating a paste by mixing one tablespoon of baking soda with just enough water to form a thick consistency.

Apply this paste to the bug bite and let it sit for 10 minutes before washing it off. If you experience any skin irritation, discontinue use immediately. How does baking soda help with mosquito bites? Its alkaline nature can help neutralize the pH of the skin, potentially reducing itching and inflammation.

Plant-Based Solutions for Mosquito Bite Relief

Several plants and herbs have properties that can help soothe mosquito bites. These natural remedies are often easy to find and can be effective alternatives to commercial products.

Aloe Vera: The Healing Plant

Aloe vera is well-known for its soothing properties, particularly for sunburns and minor skin irritations. Can aloe vera help with mosquito bites? The gel from aloe vera leaves contains compounds that can reduce pain and inflammation, making it a potentially effective treatment for bug bites.

To use aloe vera, cut open a small section of the plant and apply the gel directly to the irritated area. Let it dry, and reapply as needed. If you don’t have an aloe plant, pure aloe vera gel from a store can also be effective.

Basil: More Than Just a Culinary Herb

Basil is a fragrant herb commonly used in cooking, but it also has properties that make it useful for treating mosquito bites. How can basil help relieve bug bite symptoms? Basil contains compounds with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which may help reduce swelling and prevent infection.

To create a basil rub, boil 2 cups of water and add half an ounce of dried basil leaves. Allow the mixture to steep until it cools, then dip a washcloth into the liquid and apply it to the affected area. This can provide a soothing effect and may help reduce itching and inflammation.

Prevention Strategies: Reducing Mosquito Bites

While treating mosquito bites is important, preventing them in the first place is even better. There are several strategies you can employ to reduce your chances of being bitten by mosquitoes.

Protective Clothing and Repellents

One of the most effective ways to prevent mosquito bites is to cover exposed skin when outdoors, especially during peak mosquito hours (typically dawn and dusk). Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks to minimize exposed skin.

Using insect repellents can also significantly reduce your chances of being bitten. What are the most effective mosquito repellents? Look for products containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-menthane-diol, or 2-undecanone. These ingredients have been proven effective against mosquitoes.

Environmental Control

Mosquitoes breed in standing water, so eliminating sources of stagnant water around your home can help reduce the mosquito population. How can you reduce mosquito breeding sites?

• Empty and clean bird baths, fountains, and pet water dishes regularly
• Remove any containers that collect water, such as old tires or buckets
• Keep gutters clean and free of debris
• Fill in low-lying areas in your yard to prevent water accumulation
• Use mosquito dunks or bits in ponds or large water features to kill mosquito larvae

By implementing these prevention strategies, you can significantly reduce your exposure to mosquitoes and minimize the need for bite treatments.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Mosquito Bites

While most mosquito bites can be treated at home, there are situations where medical attention may be necessary. It’s important to recognize the signs of a more serious reaction or potential infection.

Signs of Allergic Reaction

In rare cases, some individuals may experience a severe allergic reaction to mosquito bites. What are the symptoms of a severe allergic reaction to mosquito bites?

• Difficulty breathing or wheezing
• Swelling of the throat or other parts of the body
• Hives or a widespread rash
• Dizziness or fainting

If you experience any of these symptoms after a mosquito bite, seek immediate medical attention as this could be a sign of anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition.

Signs of Infection

Sometimes, mosquito bites can become infected, especially if you’ve been scratching them. How can you tell if a mosquito bite is infected? Look out for the following signs:

• Increased redness, swelling, or warmth around the bite
• Red streaks extending from the bite
• Pus or drainage from the bite site
• Fever or chills
• Swollen lymph nodes

If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider as you may need antibiotic treatment.

The Science Behind Mosquito Bites and Itching

Understanding the biological processes behind mosquito bites can help you better manage the symptoms and appreciate why certain remedies are effective. Let’s delve into the science of mosquito bites and the resulting itch.

The Mosquito Bite Process

When a mosquito bites you, it’s not just taking a simple sip of blood. The process is more complex and involves several steps:

1. The mosquito lands on your skin and probes for a suitable blood vessel.
2. It inserts its proboscis (a long, needle-like mouthpart) into your skin.
3. The mosquito injects saliva containing anticoagulants and other compounds to prevent blood clotting and ensure smooth blood flow.
4. It draws blood through the proboscis.
5. The mosquito withdraws, leaving behind saliva in your skin.

Why does this process lead to itching? The itching sensation is primarily caused by your body’s reaction to the mosquito’s saliva.

The Immune Response

Your immune system recognizes the mosquito’s saliva as a foreign substance and launches a response to protect your body. This immune response is what causes the familiar symptoms of a mosquito bite:

• Histamines are released, causing blood vessels to expand and become more permeable. This results in the characteristic red, swollen bump.
• The increased blood flow to the area can cause warmth and further swelling.
• Nerve endings in the area become irritated, leading to the itching sensation.

The intensity of this reaction can vary from person to person, explaining why some individuals seem more affected by mosquito bites than others.

Global Impact of Mosquito-Borne Diseases

While mosquito bites are often merely an annoyance in many parts of the world, these insects pose a significant global health threat due to their ability to transmit various diseases. Understanding the impact of mosquito-borne diseases can help emphasize the importance of both prevention and proper treatment of bites.

Major Mosquito-Borne Diseases

Mosquitoes are vectors for numerous diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. What are some of the most significant mosquito-borne diseases?

• Malaria: Caused by Plasmodium parasites, malaria affects over 200 million people annually, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions.
• Dengue Fever: A viral infection that causes flu-like symptoms and can develop into a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue.
• Zika Virus: While often mild in adults, Zika can cause serious birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected.
• West Nile Virus: Common in temperate and tropical regions, it can cause severe neurological diseases in some cases.
• Chikungunya: A viral disease that causes fever and severe joint pain, which can persist for months or years.

Prevention and Control Efforts

Given the significant health impact of mosquito-borne diseases, extensive efforts are underway globally to control mosquito populations and prevent disease transmission. These efforts include:

• Vector control: Using insecticides, eliminating breeding sites, and introducing biological control agents.
• Vaccine development: Ongoing research to develop vaccines for diseases like dengue and malaria.
• Public health education: Informing communities about prevention methods and early symptom recognition.
• Global collaboration: International efforts to combat the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, particularly in vulnerable regions.

Understanding the global impact of mosquito-borne diseases underscores the importance of taking mosquito bites seriously and implementing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Ways to Stop the Itch

When a mosquito bite causes itching and discomfort, you can often find relief with kitchen staples like oatmeal, honey, or baking soda.

Mosquito bites are the hallmark of warmer weather. Though the bites are often harmless, some can cause complications.

Mosquitoes bite because they are attracted to human blood. The bite, which might not appear until hours later, creates a bump that is typically swollen, sore, or itchy.

Mosquitoes can carry diseases, although the likelihood of being infected by a mosquito depends largely on where you live. Another rare problem caused by a mosquito bite is a serious reaction to the bite itself.

If you have a mosquito bite and develop symptoms of an allergic reaction such as hives, difficulty breathing, or a swollen throat, contact a doctor immediately.

You may not feel it immediately when a mosquito bites you. But the bump the bite leaves behind comes with a persistent itch that can linger for days. Creams and ointments can help, but you can also beat the itch with things that are probably already lying around your house.

One remedy for an uncomfortable mosquito bite may also be one of your favorite breakfasts. Oatmeal can relieve itching and swelling because it contains special compounds that have anti-irritant qualities.

Make an oatmeal paste by mixing equal amounts of oatmeal and water in a bowl until you have a spackle-like substance. Spoon some paste onto a washcloth and hold it, paste-side down, on the irritated skin for about 10 minutes. Then wipe the area clean.

If you have many bites, try an oatmeal bath instead. Place 1 cup of oatmeal or ground oats into a bathtub full of warm water. To avoid potential plumbing problems, you may want to tie up the oats first in a piece of cheesecloth or another light fabric. Think of it like a giant tea bag that you’ll toss into the bath water. Soak in the oatmeal bath for 20 minutes.

Cold temperatures and ice can reduce inflammation. The cold also numbs the skin, which can give you immediate but short-term relief. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends using a cold, damp cloth or an ice pack to relieve the itching caused by a mosquito bite. A bag of crushed ice can also work well in a pinch.

Do not put ice directly on your skin, because it can cause damage. Instead, put a barrier such as a washcloth between your skin and the ice.

To relieve itch, apply a cold pack for up to 5 or 10 minutes, several times a day.

Turning up the temperature on your bug bite may also help you get relief. There’s no evidence to say how well it works, but you can buy a special tool such as BiteAway that applies direct, controlled heat to the bite. This is said to reduce swelling and itching. The treatment only takes a few seconds, but these tools can be expensive.

To try for a similar effect, soak a clean cloth in water that feels as warm as you can comfortably stand (but be careful not to burn yourself). Wring out the cloth and apply it to the bite. Re-soak the cloth as needed to keep it warm, and continue for up to 10 minutes. Do not apply heat therapy to an open wound.

This sugary sweet substance is a common pick among home-remedy enthusiasts. Honey has been used for hundreds of years as a treatment for ailments like sore throats and dry skin. Medical grade honey has many antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

A small drop on an itchy bite could potentially reduce the inflammation. It may reduce your temptation to scratch, as scratching skin covered in honey can create a sticky mess.

A common household plant, aloe vera has many uses beyond shelf decoration. The gel has been shown to reduce pain from burns and help them heal faster. That’s why it may be a good bet for healing a bug bite, too.

To try this, cut open a small section of the plant. Apply the plant’s gel to the area that’s irritated. Let it dry, and apply again as needed.

Found in virtually every kitchen, baking soda has a multitude of uses — from baking bread to clearing drains. Otherwise known as sodium bicarbonate, baking soda may also provide relief from a mosquito bite.

It’s easy to make a baking soda paste, and you can use it in a similar manner to oatmeal paste. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests mixing 1 tablespoon of baking soda with just enough water to create a paste. Apply it to the bug bite, and let it sit for 10 minutes before washing it away.

If skin irritation occurs, stop this treatment.

The fragrant basil plant is a key ingredient of many of your favorite Italian recipes, but it does double duty as a mosquito-bite remedy. The plant is used in herbal remedies for skin infections, and the antioxidants found in basil leaves may reduce inflammation.

To make a basil rub, boil 2 cups of water and add half an ounce of dried basil leaves. Leave the mixture to steep until it’s cool. Then dip a washcloth into the liquid, and rub it gently on your mosquito bites.

Alternately, you can chop some fresh basil leaves up until very fine, and rub them on to your skin.

If you notice irritation, stop using this remedy.

For centuries, apple cider vinegar has been used as a natural remedy to treat many medical conditions, from infections to blood glucose problems.

If you have an itchy bite, dab a drop of vinegar on it. The vinegar can help reduce stinging and burning sensations. It can also act as a natural disinfectant if you’ve been scratching too much.

If you need more relief, try soaking a washcloth in cold water and vinegar, and then applying it to the bite. If you have many bites, dilute 2 cups of vinegar in a tepid bath and soak for 20 minutes. Beware, a hot bath may make itching worse.

If skin irritation occurs, stop this treatment.

Not only can onions bring tears to your eyes, they can bring relief to your mosquito bites. The onion’s juices, which leak out from the freshly cut bulb, may reduce the bite’s sting and irritation. Onions also have natural antifungal and antibacterial properties that can reduce your risk for an infection.

Cut a slice from an onion — the type doesn’t matter — and apply it directly to the bite for several minutes. Rinse and wash the area well after you remove the onion.

The petite leaves of the thyme plant are delicious on potatoes, fish, and more. They may also help ease the itching of a mosquito bite.

Thyme is longstanding natural remedy for skin issues. It has antibacterial properties, so it can help reduce your risk of irritating and infecting the skin around a mosquito bite.

To get the most benefit from thyme, finely mince the fresh leaves. You can apply the leaves directly to your bite, and let them sit for 10 minutes.

You can also make a concentrated liquid by bringing water to boil, and adding several sprigs of thyme. Let the sprigs steep until the water is cooled. Then dip a washcloth into the thyme-infused water, and apply to the bites. Leave the washcloth in place for a few minutes.

For extra relief, wrap a thyme-soaked washcloth around an ice cube for a natural cooling effect.

Peppermint oil is another centuries-old natural remedy used to relieve itching. A small study from 2016 suggests this oil can relieve itching from long-term causes like diabetes and liver conditions. So in theory, it could also work for temporary causes like an insect bite.

Mix a few drops of peppermint oil into an ounce of carrier oil, like coconut oil or olive oil. Dab a small amount of the mixture onto your mosquito bite and gently rub it in. Do not apply undiluted peppermint oil to your skin.

You can also add a few drops of peppermint oil to a bathtub full of tepid water for a soothing soak.

Take care when using essential oils, as they can interact with medications or have other unexpected effects. Do your research, always talk with your doctor first, and follow all safety guidelines.

This treatment is not appropriate for young children.

Lemon balm is a leafy plant that’s closely related to mint. The herb has been used for centuries as a soothing all-natural treatment for everything from anxiety to upset stomach. An older 1999 study found that a cream containing lemon balm extract relieved itching and other symptoms in people with cold sores.

For mosquito bites, you can apply finely chopped leaves directly to the bite, or you can buy a lemon balm cream.

Lemon balm contains tannin, a natural astringent. In addition, lemon balm contains polyphenols. Together, these natural compounds ease inflammation, speed up healing, and reduce the risk of an infection.

Witch hazel is a natural astringent you can buy over the counter in pharmacies and grocery stores. Like lemon balm, witch hazel contains tannins, which can reduce inflammation when applied to the skin.

Used alone, witch hazel can be beneficial for any number of skin irritations, from minor cuts and scrapes to hemorrhoids. Applying witch hazel to the skin reduces inflammation, soothes the burning and irritation the bite causes, and can speed up healing.

Apply a small amount of witch hazel to a cotton ball. Gently dab or swipe it over the bite. Allow it to dry. Repeat this as needed.

Arnica is another natural product you can buy to treat minor skin concerns. The herb itself is toxic, but can be diluted to produce the products available in stores. Options include creams and gels.

Although it’s a popular home remedy, scientific evidence shows mixed results. However, many claim that arnica reduces bruising, pain, swelling, and inflammation when applied to skin. So you might choose to try it on a mosquito bite.

All you need to do is apply a small amount of arnica cream or gel to the bite. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how to choose a good quality arnica product.

Chamomile, which is a member of the daisy family, is a common natural remedy for many ailments. When applied to skin, the oils found in chamomile can reduce itching and inflammation.

Steep a tea bag filled with the dried, crushed flowers in water in a refrigerator for 30 minutes. Then squeeze any excess water from the tea bag, and apply it directly to your bite. Let it sit for 10 minutes. Wipe the area clean with a wet rag. You can chill the tea bag in the fridge for additional applications later.

It’s rare, but be aware that chamomile can cause allergic reactions in some people.

Garlic is a well-known natural remedy for conditions from heart disease to high blood pressure. While more conventional treatments may be preferred for those serious conditions, a bit of garlic applied to an irritating bug bite is an easy home remedy for a mosquito bite.

But before you slice into a bulb and apply it to your bite, know that applying cut garlic straight to a skin wound or bite may cause burning and stinging.

Instead of that, finely mince up fresh garlic and stir a small amount in with an unscented lotion or petroleum jelly. These ointments and creams will help reduce the garlic’s potency but still allow you to get relief from the garlic’s natural antibacterial and healing effects.

Let the mixture sit for 10 minutes, then wipe it off your skin. Wipe the area down with a cool washcloth. Apply more later if the itching persists.

Of course, the best way to get rid of mosquito bite irritation is to avoid a bite altogether. Keep in mind that these insects are more active in the evening and at night. If you want to enjoy a summer evening outdoors but fear the petite blood-sucking bugs, cover your skin and stay away from standing water to reduce your exposure. If you are bitten, quickly stop the swelling and itching with a safe, cost-efficient homemade remedy.

If you notice irritation or other negative reactions when using a home remedy, stop using it right away.

Why Do Mosquito Bites Itch? Plus 10 Tips for Itch Relief

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Mosquito saliva can trigger histamine production. Certain at-home remedies, such as applying honey or corticosteroid cream, may help relieve the itch. But some popular remedies can increase skin irritation.

Many people get bitten by mosquitos each year, but bites can affect people differently. When mosquitoes bite, they draw out blood while injecting some of their saliva. Their saliva contains an anticoagulant and proteins.

The proteins are foreign substances that trigger the body’s immune system. To fight them the body’s immune system releases histamine, a compound that helps white blood cells get to the affected area. Histamine is what causes the itchiness, inflammation, and swelling.

Sometimes if a person is bitten for the first time they won’t have a response. This is because their body hasn’t formulated a response to the foreign invader. And some people may not notice bites at all. Others may build up a tolerance over time.

When an irritating bite does appear, it’s good to know what remedies work to ease the itchiness.

Q:

Why do mosquito bites itch more after you scratch them?

Anonymous

A:

When you scratch a mosquito bite, this causes the skin to become even more inflamed. Since inflammation causes your skin to itch, you can get into a cycle where scratching will cause even more of an itchy sensation. In addition, by continuing to scratch you run the risk of breaking the skin and causing an infection, leading to even more of an itch.

Debra Sullivan, PhD, MSN, CNE, COIAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

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It may take a little experimentation to see what works best for you and your bite. Most of these remedies can be used as many times as needed to soothe the area. For medications, follow the instructions on the bottle.

If you catch the bite soon after the mosquito bites you, quickly wipe the bite with rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol has a cooling effect when it dries, which may relieve itching. Avoid using too much alcohol as it can irritate the skin.

Honey is an antiseptic and antibacterial ingredient that also has wound healing properties. It’s shown to reduce inflammation and can also help prevent infection. Don’t wear it outside, though, because the honey’s sugar can attract more mosquitoes.

Read more: Honey for allergies »

Oatmeal has active properties that help soothe insect bites and allergic reactions, chicken pox, and dry skin. You can add oatmeal to a bath or apply it as a mask on your bug bite. Make a paste by adding a little water to colloidal oatmeal and apply to the affected area. Wash it off with warm water after 15 minutes. You can also add honey to your paste for extra benefits. Moisturize with a cream after.

Green and black tea’s antiswelling effects may not just be useful for swollen eyes. Tea’s anti-inflammatory effects may help with the swelling. Soak a bag of green or black tea and pop it in the fridge to cool it down. Apply the cold tea bag over the bite to ease the itchiness.

Basil has chemical compounds that can relieve itchy skin. You can apply basil oil like a lotion or make your own at home. To make your own rub, boil 2 cups of water and 1/2 an ounce of dried basil leaves. After the mixture cools, dip a washcloth into the pot and apply it on the affected area. For a more immediate treatment, chop up fresh basil leaves and rub them on your skin.

Antihistamines help lower the histamine count in your body and reduce inflammation. These are available over the counter and help with itchiness and swelling. You can take them orally (Benadryl or Claritin) or apply topically (calamine lotion) over the affected area.

Lidocaine and benzocaine are numbing agents in over-the-counter creams. They offer temporary relief from itchiness and pain. For extra benefits, look for creams that contain menthol or peppermint.

Aloe vera gel is shown to have anti-inflammatory properties for wound healing and calming infections. The cool feeling of the gel may also soothe any itchiness. Keep an aloe vera plant around the house. You can cut the leaves and apply the gel directly.

Doctors recommend corticosteroid creams for itching. These creams are known to help with inflammation for skin irritations, but avoid using them on open wounds or on your face. Long-term use can also cause side effects like thinning or worsening of skin, excessive hair growth, and acne.

Some creams use garlic extract due to its wound healing and anti-viral properties. But don’t rub garlic directly on your skin. Raw garlic can increase skin irritation and inflammation. Instead, dilute minced garlic with coconut oil and apply that to the affected area for a few minutes.

These home remedies could increase skin irritation or cause unwanted side effects such as acne, burning, dry skin, and more.

• baking soda
• lemon or lime juice
• toothpaste
• vinegar

If your bite causes anaphylaxis seek medical attention. Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening condition. You can tell if someone is having this reaction if they:

• break out in hives
• start wheezing
• have difficulty breathing
• feel as if their throat is closing up

Someone in anaphylactic shock will need an EpiPen injection. But anaphylactic shock for a mosquito bite is rare and more commonly caused by other stinging insects.

Read more: First aid for bites and stings »

For other people, mosquito bites can cause more serious symptoms, such as:

• blisters,
• lesions
• hives
• high fever
• swelling in the joints

See a doctor if you experience any of these symptoms along with your mosquito bite. An antihistamine like cetirizine, fexofenadine or loratadine, are all available over the counter. These medications may help curb these bodily responses.

If you’ll be traveling to certain countries, it’s a good idea to see a doctor. Seeing a doctor is also important if you’ve been living or traveling in certain areas of the world where bloodborne diseases like Zika and malaria are common. Mosquitos can spread these diseases from person to person. There are vaccines available for some of these diseases.

A mosquito bite can last for hours to a few days. The length of a mosquito bite and its symptoms vary depending on the size of the bite and the person’s immune system. Itching or scratching the bite can increase the length of time it lasts.

Sometimes mosquito bites leave small dark marks long after the itching and bite itself have faded. People with sensitive skin tend to have these lingering marks, but they don’t have to be permanent. To avoid hyperpigmentation, look for creams with vitamin C, E, or niacinamide. Don’t forget to apply SPF 30 sunscreen on areas exposed to the sun.

The best way to avoid mosquito bites is preparation and prevention. Use insect repellant if you are going to places where mosquitos are. Natural insect repellants are effective, but you may want to use commercial ones if you are traveling to another country.

Limiting or avoiding exposure to certain things may help minimize your risk for mosquito bites. Below is a list of things known to attract mosquitos:

• sweat and body odor
• light
• heat
• lactic acid
• carbon dioxide

Alcohol intake is also shown to be associated with a higher probability of being bitten. You may want to avoid drinking the night before you’ll be in an area with mosquitos. It may also be a good idea to keep some travel-size aloe vera and alcohol wipes handy.

Keep reading: 10 natural ingredients that double as mosquito repellants »

What to do if bitten by a mosquito and everything itches and itches

Health

June 27

You don’t have to develop willpower.

Why mosquito bites itch so much

Mosquitoes pierce the skin with a special mouth apparatus and suck blood through it. At this time, their saliva, which contains proteins foreign to humans, enters the skin. The immune system reacts to this and inflammation sets in, which manifests itself as an itchy pink bump.

Most people are slightly sensitive to mosquito saliva, so the reaction does not go beyond the bite. But for some, the immune system is more aggressive, so there is a lot of swelling, redness and soreness around. In this case, the temperature may rise, and the general condition may worsen.

How to relieve itching from mosquito bites

Although mosquito bites are very common, there is very little research on their treatment. The fact is that they heal so well: even if you do nothing, the discomfort from the bite will disappear in a couple of days. So scientists tend to focus on diseases that mosquitoes can carry.

This is why most recommendations are based on expert opinion and clinical experience.

Apply an ice cube

Ice slows down blood flow, which means it reduces the reaction to foreign protein – inflammation, pain, swelling and itching. Therefore, apply an ice pack wrapped in a light towel to the bite for at least 10 minutes. Another option is to rub the bump with an ice cube for 30 seconds.

Wipe the bite with an alcohol wipe

Alcohol causes proteins in mosquito saliva to break down, so the reaction should be less. Of course, this will only help immediately after the bite.

Apply calamine lotion

Calamine lotion reduces itching, so may also be useful against mosquito bites.

Apply OTC steroid

Corticosteroids reduce immune response. Therefore, inflammation, itching and pain at the bite sites become less. Apply a very thin layer of cream, such as a hydrocortisone-based cream, spot on the bite.

Apply Antihistamine Ointment

Histamine is a chemical released by immune system cells when it encounters an allergen. So apply antihistamine ointment on the bites to help reduce itching.

Take an over-the-counter antihistamine

For more severe reactions or more bites, you can take an over-the-counter antihistamine to reduce symptoms.

What folk methods can work

These methods have not been tested by scientists to reduce itching from bites. But some of this is used in other situations, and some of it has been tested by experience. So if they help you, use them.

Attach tea bag

The easiest way to apply to the bite is a tea bag that has been wrung out and cooled. You should not use a new one, so that it does not stain the skin.

In addition to ordinary tea, you can take chamomile, as it contains terpenoids and flavonoids, which have antioxidant and antihistamine properties.

Press the sachet against mosquito bites for 10 minutes and then wipe off any remaining tea with a clean towel. You can then put the bag in the refrigerator to make such compresses during the day.

Apply tea tree oil

Tea tree oil reduces inflammation and is said to help with mosquito bites. Remember that it is better not to abuse it, as it can lead to irritation, an allergic reaction and contact dermatitis.

Apply baking soda paste

Add just a little water to baking soda to make a paste. It must be applied pointwise to the bites so that they do not itch so much.

Wipe the bite with vinegar

This substance can also destroy proteins from mosquito saliva, so you can wipe a completely fresh puncture with it.

Apply Aloe Vera Gel

Aloe Leaf Gel contains salicylic acid to help reduce itching and pain. So try spotting it on the bite.

Brush the bite with honey

Honey contains the catalase enzyme, which breaks down protein. Therefore, it can reduce inflammation slightly. In general, anoint the bites with honey, and cover the top with gauze so that nothing sticks to you.

Apply oatmeal

Gluten is said to soothe the skin. Therefore, you can grind the cereal in a blender, and then mix it with a little water to make a thick paste. It must be applied to the bite.

Apply pressure to the bite

Sounds strange, but pressure on the bite helps reduce itching. Someone generally makes two dents in the shape of a cross with a fingernail and thinks that this is the best way. Try different options, but try not to scratch the skin to the point of bleeding.

Grate the bite with an onion or banana

Not sure if it will help, but you can try. True, it is better not to leave onion juice on sensitive skin for a long time, because it can cause irritation.

Pat the bite

Instead of scratching, pat the bite. There is an opinion that in this way you will deceive the brain: it will think that you have scratched yourself.

Apply a hot spoon

Heat is thought to help break down proteins in saliva, but immunologist Catriona Nguyen-Robertson says it’s more likely that you’re shifting your focus away from itching again.

You should be careful with this method: if you overdo it, you may get burned.

When to see a doctor about mosquito bites

See a doctor if:

• your general condition worsens and flu-like symptoms develop;
• you are concerned about an excessive skin reaction;
• bites do not go away after a few days, but rather increase in size;
• you have damaged the bite, and an infection has developed there – it is red, sore, maybe there is a discharge.

Read also 🧐

• How to get rid of mosquitoes in the area
• 7 reasons why you are attractive to mosquitoes
• How to choose the right mosquito repellent for children

What to do if bitten by a mosquito or other insect: bee, bumblebee, wasp, hornet

What to do?

08/03/21

Anonymous

asked in the Community T⁠—⁠F

I have a paradise for biting insects in my dacha. Clouds of mosquitoes and midges live in the nearest swamp, beekeepers settled not far from the dacha, and under the roof there is a hornet’s nest. So I live in constant fear that someone will bite me, my husband or my child.

Please explain what insect bites threaten and what to do if bitten? What should be in the first aid kit in this case? How to understand that first aid is not enough and you need to call a doctor?

Daniil Davydov

medical journalist

Author profile

As a rule, the bites of flying insects that live in central Russia are unpleasant, but not too dangerous for health. At the same time, situations occasionally arise when you need to act immediately, otherwise a person may develop a life-threatening condition called anaphylaxis.

All biting insects can be divided into two large groups. These are Diptera, that is, mosquitoes, midges and horseflies, and Hymenoptera: wasps, hornets, bumblebees and bees. The methods of protection against attack and the nuances of first aid depend on which group the insect belongs to.

Why are mosquitoes, midges and horseflies dangerous? Without it, they won’t be able to lay eggs. Males usually do not bite.

Some types of mosquitoes and midges can infect humans with parasitic, bacterial or viral infections.

Fortunately, in the central part of Russia, such insects are rare, and most of the species in the middle zone do not tolerate the disease. At the same time, in the southern regions and Siberia, where insect vectors live, cases of disease infection are also relatively rare.

What do mosquitoes, midges and gadflies need from people – an international guide for dermatologists Dermnet

Ecology of blood-sucking mosquitoes and midges in the central part of Russia — journal Ecology and Biology of ParasitesPDF, 265 KB

In 2020, 58 cases of malaria, 40 cases of tularemia, 122 cases of ev West Nile fever. This is very little. For comparison: more than 490,000 people were infected with chickenpox in the same year.

Infectious incidence in the Russian Federation – iMonitoring analytical portal

What will happen to a person after a mosquito bite – MSD 9 international medical reference book0003

At the same time, when mosquitoes, midges or horseflies bite us, saliva gets into the wound. It contains proteins that prevent blood from clotting. These proteins are foreign to our body, so the immune system seeks to destroy them. As a result, an immune response develops. Usually it is weak, but sometimes it is quite strong and dangerous. In order to consult a doctor in time, it is important to learn how to recognize it.

How to treat bites from mosquitoes, midges and horseflies

To help a person, you need to evaluate the reaction to the bite. There are three types of immune response.

Normal local reaction. Approximately 20 minutes after the bite, there is slight swelling and slight itching. If you do not comb the bite site, the itching disappears after a day, and the swelling turns into a small red spot, which disappears after a few more days.

Fresh mosquito bite. Source: dimid_86 / Shutterstock Mosquito bite 24 hours later. Source: Stephane Bidouze / Shutterstock

If the reaction is normal, the person does not need medical attention. But you don’t have to endure itching. If it doesn’t itch too much, just apply a cold compress to the skin, such as a damp cloth or an ice pack wrapped in a towel.

If this fails, the bite site can be washed with soap and running water and treated with calamine lotion or zinc oxide.

What to do about an insect bite – a guide for doctors Uptodate

The main thing to remember is that zinc oxide is a crystalline powder that settles to the bottom of the vial during storage. Therefore, before lubricating the bite site, you need to shake the bottle.

Lotion with calamine costs 360 R. Source: “Eapteka” Lotion with zinc oxide “Tsindol” is cheaper – 75 R, but it relieves itching almost as well. Source: Eapteka

Major local reaction, or Skeeter’s syndrome. A few hours after the bite, a red, itchy swelling up to 10 cm in diameter appears. The edema completely disappears in 3-10 days.

What is Skeeter Syndrome – Mayo Clinic Bulletin

Skeeter Syndrome Goes About a Week – Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Skeeter Syndrome can occur in people of all ages, but is more common in children 2 to 3 years of age. Over time, the immune system adapts to mosquito bites, and children begin to react to them in the same way as adults.

Skeeter syndrome in a teenager. Source: skeetersyndrome.net Skeeter syndrome in a child. Source: Journal of Allergology and Clinical Immunology

A large local reaction is not dangerous to health and life, but the skin at the bite site is usually very itchy. This condition goes away on its own without treatment, and discomfort can be alleviated with the help of lotion with calamine or zinc oxide.

If this does not help, an over-the-counter glucocorticoid ointment or cream can be used. They need to be applied 1-2 times a day in a thin layer. As a rule, discomfort disappears in 1-3 days.

Both glucocorticoid ointment and cream work in the same way, but the ointment can leave marks on clothes. Source: “Eapteka” The price depends on the volume of the bottle and the policy of the manufacturing company – an average of about 450 R. Source: “Eapteka”

If, despite the ointment, the bite still itch, adults and children over two years old can take an over-the-counter antihistamine a drug.

Loratadine syrup is suitable for children from two years of age and adults. If the child weighs less than 30 kg, one teaspoon of syrup per day is needed – this is approximately 5 ml. If a child weighs more, he needs the same amount of syrup as adults – two teaspoons, or 10 ml.

What to do if bitten by a tick

Children 6 years of age and older and adults can take one OTC levocetirizine tablet daily.

If swelling and pain get worse, or if swelling, swelling, or pain doesn’t go away for more than 3 days, call your doctor.

If mosquitoes have bitten a baby under two years old, you should continue to smear the bite with lotion with calamine or zinc oxide: it’s safer.

Systemic allergic reaction, or anaphylaxis, after a bite of mosquitoes, midges and horseflies is very rare. But if this still happens, a few minutes or hours after the bite, a red, itchy rash appears all over the body or swelling occurs, and not at the site of the bite, but, for example, on the lip. Eyes redden, tears flow, stuffy nose. The voice becomes hoarse, there is shortness of breath. Some people experience nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.

What is an allergy to insect stings – Uptodate

How to recognize anaphylaxis – Uptodate

How to deal with a systemic reaction – Uptodate

Anaphylaxis is life threatening, so if any of these symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance. Moreover, a person must be hospitalized, even if the symptoms have already passed: after a few hours, anaphylaxis returns in about 20% of people.

It is impossible to help a person on your own, because only injections of adrenaline help to stop anaphylaxis. Giving OTC allergy tablets for a systemic reaction is useless.

In both children and adults, eyes turn red during anaphylaxis, a rash appears Edema does not occur at the site of the bite, but, for example, on the lip. Source: Fevziie / Shutterstock

How to protect yourself from mosquitoes, midges and horseflies

There are few reliable ways to protect yourself, but they are:

1. Wear long-sleeved clothes, but made from light natural fabrics.
2. Use insect repellent. There are a lot of them, but the most studied and reliable ones are products with permethrin or DEET. When sprayed on clothes instead of skin, these repellents do not harm children over two months old, adults, or pregnant women. But you need to make sure that repellents do not get on the skin, otherwise they can cause irritation.

How to protect yourself from insect bites – Uptodate

In a country house or tent about half an hour before bedtime, it makes sense to use a fumigator or a combustible coil. During this time, all insects should die. If you sleep with mesh on the windows or with the window closed, the protection should last all night.

Why wasps, hornets, bumblebees and bees are dangerous

Stinging insects do not need our blood. They only attack people if they think they are a threat. For example, if they come too close to the nest or wave their arms.

For most people, stinging insect attacks are painful but not dangerous.

Why stinging insects attack people – Uptodate

What to do if a person is stung by an insect – Uptodate

However, the poison of stinging insects like wasps or bees often provokes strong immune reactions than the saliva of mosquitoes, midges and horseflies. A major local reaction develops in about 10%, and anaphylaxis occurs in about 3% of people bitten.

How to treat wasp, hornet, bumblebee and bee stings

Immune responses to stinging insect bites develop more rapidly, but generally resemble conditions that occur with mosquito and midge bites. First aid is very similar, but there are nuances.

Normal local reaction occurs a few minutes after the bite: the skin turns red and a painful swelling 1-5 cm in diameter appears on it. Pain and swelling persist from several hours to a week.

The normal reaction to a stinging insect sting is slight swelling. Source: Update

Examine the bite site before giving first aid. Hornets, wasps and bumblebees do not lose their sting when they bite. But if a person is bitten by a bee, it remains in the skin.

To pull out the sting, it is enough to pass over the sting several times with a napkin, the blunt part of a knife or a bank card until it comes out. It is not worth pulling out the sting with tweezers or fingers. So you can squeeze out the remains of the poison into the wound, and it will become more painful.

Large local reaction starts immediately, reaches a peak after two days, and then gradually disappears over 5-10 days. In this case, severe redness occurs, and the skin swells – the edema reaches about 10 cm in diameter.

A large local reaction to a stinging insect sting resembles Skeeter’s syndrome, only bigger and brighter. Source: Sophisticated EDGE

For a large local reaction, proceed in the same way as for a normal one: remove the stinger, wash the wound with soap and apply a cold compress. It is better to lift the bitten part of the body: this will help reduce swelling.

If the bite is very painful, you can take an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drug with ibuprofen. Ibuprofen syrup can be given to children from the age of three months, tablets and capsules – from the age of six. Children of different ages and adults need different dosages of the medicine. Therefore, before taking the drug or giving it to a child, carefully read the instructions.

An antihistamine can be taken to relieve itching, and a glucocorticoid ointment or cream can be applied to the bite site. You need to use them in the same way as when bitten by mosquitoes and midges.

The systemic allergic reaction of in hymenoptera bites is very similar to the systemic reaction in mosquito and midge bites. At the first sign of it, call an ambulance.

How to avoid wasp, hornet, bumblebee and bee stings

Do not remove wasp nests or disturb insects flying around. If a bee, wasp or hornet has landed on you, freeze and do not wave your arms – and they will soon fly away.

Be careful when dining outdoors. Stinging insects love sweets, so they often fly to places where people eat melons and watermelons, and can climb into a bottle or can with a sweet drink.