Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy Information | Mount Sinai

Pregnancy – vaginal bleeding; Maternal blood loss – vaginal

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy is any discharge of blood from the vagina during pregnancy.

The ultrasound has become a standard procedure used during pregnancy. It can demonstrate fetal growth and can detect increasing numbers of conditions in the fetus including meningomyelocele, congenital heart disease, kidney abnormalities, hydrocephalus, anencephaly, club feet, and other deformities. Ultrasound does not produce ionizing radiation and is considered a very safe procedure for both the mother and the fetus.

External structures of the female reproductive anatomy include the labium minora and majora, the vagina and the clitoris. Internal structures include the uterus, ovaries, and cervix.

The placenta provides the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and takes away waste such as carbon dioxide via the umbilical cord.

Placenta previa is a condition of pregnancy when the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus, partly or completely obstructing the cervical outlet to the vagina (birth canal).

There are many possible causes of bleeding during pregnancy. Bleeding should always be evaluated by a health care provider.

Considerations

Up to 1 in 4 women have vaginal bleeding at some time during their pregnancy. Bleeding is more common in the first 3 months (first trimester), especially with twins.

Causes

A small amount of light spotting or bleeding may be noted 10 to 14 days after conception. This spotting results from the fertilized egg attaching itself to the lining of the uterus. Assuming it is light and does not last very long, this finding is most often nothing to be concerned about.

During the first 3 months, vaginal bleeding may be a sign of a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. Contact the health care provider right away.

During months 4 to 9, bleeding may be a sign of:

• The placenta separating from the inner wall of the uterus before the baby is born (abruptio placentae)
• Miscarriage
• The placenta covering all or part of the opening to the cervix (placenta previa)
• Vasa previa (baby’s blood vessels exposed across or near the internal opening of the uterus)

Other possible causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy:

• Cervical polyp or growth
• Early labor (bloody show)
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Infection of the cervix
• Trauma to the cervix from intercourse (small amount of bleeding) or recent pelvic exam

Home Care

Avoid sexual intercourse until your provider tells you that it is safe to start having intercourse again.

Consume only fluids if the bleeding and cramping are severe.

You may need to cut down your activity or be put on bed rest at home. Your provider will talk to you about the specific kinds of activity changes you may need to make.

Medicine is not needed in most cases. DO NOT take any medicine without talking with your provider.

Also, talk to your provider about what to look for, such as the amount of bleeding and color of the blood.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your provider if:

• You have any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Treat this as a potential emergency.
• You have vaginal bleeding and have placenta previa (get to the hospital right away).
• You have cramps or labor pains.

What to Expect at Your Office Visit

Your provider will take a medical history and perform a physical exam.

You will probably have a pelvic exam, or ultrasound as well.

Tests that may be done include:

• Blood tests
• Pregnancy ultrasound
• Ultrasound of the pelvis

You may be referred to a high risk specialist for the duration of the pregnancy.

Francois KE, Foley MR. Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe’s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 18.

Salhi BA, Nagrani S. Acute complications in pregnancy. In: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 178.

Turocy J, Williams Z. Early and recurrent pregnancy loss: etiology, diagnosis, treatment. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 16.

Last reviewed on: 1/10/2022

Reviewed by: John D. Jacobson, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

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Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy is any discharge of blood from the vagina during pregnancy.

Up to 1 in 4 women have vaginal bleeding at some time during their pregnancy. Bleeding is more common in the first 3 months (first trimester), especially with twins.

A small amount of light spotting or bleeding may be noted 10 to 14 days after conception. This spotting results from the fertilized egg attaching itself to the lining of the uterus. Assuming it is light and does not last very long, this finding is most often nothing to be concerned about.

During the first 3 months, vaginal bleeding may be a sign of a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. Contact the health care provider right away.

During months 4 to 9, bleeding may be a sign of:

• The placenta separating from the inner wall of the uterus before the baby is born (abruptio placentae)
• Miscarriage
• The placenta covering all or part of the opening to the cervix (placenta previa)
• Vasa previa (baby’s blood vessels exposed across or near the internal opening of the uterus)

Other possible causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy:

• Cervical polyp or growth
• Early labor (bloody show)
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Infection of the cervix
• Trauma to the cervix from intercourse (small amount of bleeding) or recent pelvic exam

Avoid sexual intercourse until your provider tells you that it is safe to start having intercourse again.

Consume only fluids if the bleeding and cramping are severe.

You may need to cut down your activity or be put on bed rest at home. Your provider will talk to you about the specific kinds of activity changes you may need to make.

Medicine is not needed in most cases. DO NOT take any medicine without talking with your provider.

Also, talk to your provider about what to look for, such as the amount of bleeding and color of the blood.

Contact your provider if:

• You have any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Treat this as a potential emergency.
• You have vaginal bleeding and have placenta previa (get to the hospital right away).
• You have cramps or labor pains.

Your provider will take a medical history and perform a physical exam.

You will probably have a pelvic exam, or ultrasound as well.

Tests that may be done include:

• Blood tests
• Pregnancy ultrasound
• Ultrasound of the pelvis

You may be referred to a high risk specialist for the duration of the pregnancy.

Pregnancy – vaginal bleeding; Maternal blood loss – vaginal

• Ultrasound in pregnancy
• Female reproductive anatomy
• Anatomy of a normal placenta
• Placenta previa
• Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy

Francois KE, Foley MR. Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe’s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 18.

Salhi BA, Nagrani S. Acute complications in pregnancy. In: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 178.

Turocy J, Williams Z. Early and recurrent pregnancy loss: etiology, diagnosis, treatment. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 16.

Updated by: John D. Jacobson, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Bleeding during pregnancy. What is Bleeding During Pregnancy?

IMPORTANT
The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.

Bleeding during pregnancy is a sign that can occur regardless of the period of embryogenesis and indicates ongoing changes in the woman’s body. It can be observed with spontaneous miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, Rh conflict, placenta previa and other conditions. This manifestation can develop against the background of general well-being or be accompanied by painful sensations in the lower abdomen, lower back, and sacrum. Diagnosis of bleeding during pregnancy is carried out on the basis of data from a gynecological examination, an ultrasound assessment of the condition of the patient and the fetus. The treatment of this pathological symptom is determined by its cause and is prescribed exclusively by a specialist.

• Causes of bleeding during pregnancy
• Classification and symptoms of bleeding during pregnancy
• Diagnosis and treatment of bleeding during pregnancy
  • Prognosis and prevention of bleeding during pregnancy
• Prices for treatment

General

Bleeding during pregnancy is an obstetric symptom, indicating the possible development of a number of disorders, the cause of which can be both physiological changes in the body of a woman after conception, and pathological conditions. Only an obstetrician-gynecologist can finally find out the etiology of such a manifestation after a complete examination. Bleeding during pregnancy occurs in about one in five patients. In 50%, they indicate pathological changes and end in spontaneous miscarriage. In half of the patients, the symptom is physiological in nature. Bleeding occurs more often in the first and third trimester of embryogenesis.

The danger of bleeding during pregnancy lies in the fact that a variety of factors can provoke them, including those that pose a threat to the mother and fetus. In some situations, there are no other pathological signs. Any bleeding during pregnancy should be a reason for immediate medical attention. Only a specialist is able to assess the danger to the health of a woman and the fetus, as well as decide on further tactics. Timely assistance provided even with an abnormal course of pregnancy allows you to continue its management and save the life of the child.

Bleeding during pregnancy

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

Bleeding during pregnancy can occur at any time of embryogenesis, develops both against the background of physiological changes in the woman’s body, and as a result of the formation of a certain obstetric pathology. In the early stages, half of the women have a slight separation of blood due to the implantation of the fetal egg in the uterine cavity. Such bleeding during pregnancy is often regarded by the patient as menstrual, so she does not seek medical help, which in the future may make it difficult to determine the timing of embryogenesis. A similar symptom is possible with insufficient production of progesterone in the early stages of gestation.

The most common cause of abnormal bleeding during pregnancy in the first trimester is spontaneous miscarriage. This symptom appears both with a just-started and with a complete abortion. Approximately 6 weeks after conception, the symptom occurs with an ectopic attachment of the fetal egg. Also, bleeding during pregnancy at this time may indicate an Rhesus conflict, fetal fading. Similar manifestations are characteristic of women suffering from varicose veins that feed the uterus. In this case, bleeding during pregnancy is due to increased blood supply to the tissues.

Bleeding during pregnancy in the second trimester is diagnosed much less frequently, in about 5-10% of all cases of gestation. As a rule, the symptom is caused by pathological changes and in most cases indicates spontaneous late abortion or isthmic-cervical insufficiency. Sometimes the separation of blood from the genital tract is observed during intrauterine death of the fetus. Bleeding during pregnancy in the third trimester also always speaks of the development of gestation pathology. The most common cause is placenta previa. In this case, the embryonic organ completely or partially covers the uterine os, while due to the high load on the lower segment, placental micro-ruptures occur, which causes a similar sign.

Less commonly, bleeding during pregnancy in the third trimester is due to premature detachment of a normally located placenta. In this situation, there is a high threat to the life of the fetus. The danger also lies in the fact that initially internal bleeding develops during pregnancy or the formation of a hematoma, and only then the blood flows out. The rarest, but most dangerous for the life of the mother and child, the cause of the development of this symptom is uterine rupture. Such a complication is diagnosed in the presence of a scar on the myometrium and tissue overstretching, provoked by polyhydramnios, large fetuses or multiple pregnancies. It is extremely rare that bleeding during pregnancy occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the membranes or umbilical cord vessels.

Also, bleeding during pregnancy can be triggered by causes that appear at any stage of embryogenesis. Such reasons include benign neoplasms – fibroids, polyposis growths in the cervical canal and uterine cavity. Often bleeding during pregnancy occurs in women with cervical erosion. Sometimes a sign occurs due to increased blood circulation in the pelvic organs. The risk of developing a symptom is also present with violent sexual intercourse, significant physical exertion, concomitant cardiovascular diseases associated with a weakening of the endothelium.

Classification and symptoms of bleeding during pregnancy

Depending on the origin of bleeding, two groups can be distinguished:

• Physiological bleeding during pregnancy – occurs due to the restructuring of the body, does not pose a threat to the health and life of the fetus or mother.
• Pathological bleeding during pregnancy – indicate its abnormal course, may be accompanied by a risk to the life and health of the woman and baby, require immediate medical attention.

The clinic of bleeding during pregnancy directly depends on the cause of this symptom. Isolation of blood from the genital tract in the early stages of embryogenesis, provoked by physiological changes, proceeds against the background of general well-being. Bleeding during pregnancy, which has developed due to the presence of polyps, erosion, fibroids in most cases also does not cause disturbances in well-being. In this case, there is a slight release of biological fluid – just a few drops, the symptom is of a short-term nature. More abundant, similar to menstrual, will be bleeding during pregnancy associated with a deficiency of progesterone.

In the case of bleeding during pregnancy associated with its spontaneous interruption, the patient is worried about constant or cramping pain in the lumbosacral region, abdomen. Additionally, nausea, dizziness, malaise, and a slight increase in body temperature may occur. Bleeding during pregnancy in this case can be of varying intensity, often in the discharge there are pieces of tissue. With an ectopic attachment of the fetal egg, as well as with a rupture of the uterus, a serious threat to the life of a woman arises. In such a situation, internal bleeding initially develops during pregnancy, and only then do pathological discharges from the external genital tract appear. There is acute pain in the abdomen with irradiation to the anal region, the lateral parts of the body. With significant blood loss, a state of shock occurs with a threat of death.

Bleeding during pregnancy in the later stages is also not always accompanied by a detailed clinical picture. In the case of placenta previa, this is the only symptom that should cause alertness in a woman and become a reason for contacting an obstetrician-gynecologist. As for the premature detachment of a correctly attached placenta, in this case, bleeding during pregnancy develops against the background of uterine hypertonicity, there is pain in the abdomen, deterioration in general well-being. During cardiac monitoring of the fetus, there is a violation of the heart rate, motor activity.

Diagnosis and treatment of bleeding during pregnancy

To identify the cause of bleeding during pregnancy, a gynecological examination of a woman is performed. With changes in physiological origin, no deviations from the norm can be detected. With pathological bleeding during pregnancy against the background of spontaneous abortion, an opening of the cervix is ​​observed. An increase in the tone of the myometrium may indicate the onset of placental abruption. Of the laboratory diagnostic methods, an analysis is used to determine the concentration of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). With ectopic pregnancy and bleeding, this figure will be reduced. Instrumental diagnosis of bleeding during pregnancy is to conduct an ultrasound scan. Using this method, it is possible to assess the state of the myometrium and the embryo, the level of blood flow in the vessels, the exact localization of the placenta and (possibly) its incipient detachment. Using CTG, the diagnostician can make a conclusion about the vital activity of the fetus.

Treatment of bleeding during pregnancy also depends on the cause of the symptom. If there are no pathological changes or the manifestation is provoked by damage to the polyp, medical attention is not required. In rare cases, the doctor recommends its removal. Expectant tactics are also used in case of cervical erosion. Her cauterization is carried out after childbirth. Bleeding during pregnancy against the background of the threat of miscarriage and placenta previa requires immediate hospitalization in an obstetric hospital, followed by the appointment of drug treatment. To reduce uterine tone, sedatives, tocolytics are used. Pregnancy management in this case requires careful monitoring by a specialist.

Bleeding during pregnancy caused by ectopic attachment of the ovum, scar rupture, or completed spontaneous abortion requires hospitalization and surgical treatment. After removal of the remnants of fetal tissues or emergency delivery, antibiotic therapy is prescribed. In this case, stopping bleeding during pregnancy is carried out in different ways, depending on its intensity, often ligation of the uterine arteries is performed. With premature detachment of the placenta, an emergency caesarean section is indicated.

Prognosis and prevention of bleeding during pregnancy

Bleeding during pregnancy is usually accompanied by a favorable prognosis. Timely medical care can save the life of the fetus and the woman. Lethal outcome is extremely rare. Prevention of bleeding during pregnancy consists in the early detection of benign neoplasms and their treatment even before conception. To prevent the development of a pathological symptom, you should register as soon as possible, take all the necessary tests, and if any violations occur, immediately seek advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist. Prevention of bleeding during pregnancy also consists in avoiding stress, physical exertion, violent sexual contacts.

You can share your medical history, what helped you in the treatment of bleeding during pregnancy.

Sources

1. self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.

   Bleeding during early pregnancy. Causes, symptoms of spotting in the first trimester

   Bleeding during early pregnancy occurs with spontaneous miscarriage, Rhesus conflict, ectopic pregnancy. A condition occurs regardless of the timing of pregnancy. The gestation period is a complex process that does not always go well. Every second woman has various complications. Most often, women go to the doctor with complaints of spotting. Why does bleeding occur during early pregnancy, how dangerous is it?

   General information

   Bleeding during pregnancy is considered an obstetric symptom, indicating disorders in the woman’s body. Causes can be physiological changes or pathologies. Bleeding is observed in every fifth pregnant woman. In 50% of cases, they indicate the presence of pathology and end in spontaneous abortion. In the remaining 50% of women, this symptom is physiological. Most often, bleeding occurs in the 1st and 3rd trimesters.

   Causes

   Blood in the first trimester of pregnancy in the vaginal secretion is observed in 30% of expectant mothers. Bleeding can be weak, spotting, plentiful.

   Most often, blood during early pregnancy is observed during implantation of the fetal egg. When the egg is attached, the vessels are often damaged, which leads to the appearance of blood secretions. They are similar to menstruation, last 1-2 days. This process is considered natural, does not indicate any pathologies.

   Blood during pregnancy can appear with the following pathologies:

   1. Excessive exercise, deep penetration during intercourse . If the cervix is ​​damaged, slight red discharge occurs, which disappears within two hours.
   2. Progesterone deficiency . With a low level of the hormone, the body starts the process of menstruation. Bloody discharge during pregnancy appears when the uterine mucosa is exfoliated. The situation may adversely affect the implantation of the fetal egg.
   3. Miscarriage . Occurs in 2-8% of pregnant women. It is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, which is rapidly increasing, bloody discharge at the beginning of pregnancy. The causes of the pathological condition can be different – infectious diseases, fetal malformations that are incompatible with life, dehydration, abdominal trauma, taking certain drugs.
   4. Ectopic pregnancy . Dangerous condition, urgent hospitalization is required.
   5. Missed miscarriage . Blood discharge during pregnancy, abdominal pain are the main manifestations of intrauterine development of the fetus.
   6. Infections . To avoid dangerous complications, it is necessary to treat diseases. Parents of both sexes should be tested.
   7. Full or partial Mole . Pathology of the chorion, in which the size of the villi increases, bubble expansions form. The risk group includes women with ovarian dysfunction, inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system, and a history of cystic mole. Bleeding is profuse and constant, characteristic blisters are present. The symptoms of early toxicosis are very pronounced, the size of the uterus, the hCG indicators do not correspond to the gestational age.
   8. Cervical cancer . Pregnant women are rarely diagnosed. The risk group includes women with a large number of abortions and childbirth, often changing sexual partners.
   9. Subchorionic hematoma . Hemorrhage around the placenta most often resolves on its own. But it increases the risk of preterm birth and other complications.
   10. Cervical erosion . Detected in 50% of women. For pregnant women, the disease is not dangerous, but constant medical supervision is needed.
   11. Bleeding in the first trimester can be caused by causes that appear at any gestational age. These are fibroids, polyps in the uterus and cervical canal, cardiovascular pathologies that are associated with a weakening of the endothelium.

   Any bloody discharge during early pregnancy is a reason for an urgent visit to a gynecologist. Even if there is no additional discomfort. At a remote consultation, our doctor will collect an anamnesis, draw up a clinical picture in order to identify the cause of bleeding. And he will select effective methods to eliminate the problem.

   Varieties

   The clinical picture of the pathological condition depends on the causes. So, when physiological changes occur against the background of general well-being. Depending on the origin of bleeding are divided into:

   Description	Description
   Physiological	Develop as a result of the restructuring of the body of a woman, do not pose a threat
   Pathological	Indicate the normal course of pregnancy, there is a risk of threat to the fetus and mother, requires immediate medical intervention

   Depending on the type, bleeding is divided into internal – indicate placental abruption, external – from the vagina, mixed – both internal and external bleeding appear.

   Physiological or pathological bleeding during gestation – differences

   Clinical manifestations of bleeding in pregnant women depend on the causes. Physiological discharge of blood from the genital tract in the early stages of gestation proceeds without deterioration in well-being. With bleeding caused by erosion, fibroids and polyps, there are also no additional discomfort. In this case, only a few drops of blood are released, it bleeds for a short time.

   Abundant bleeding, similar to menstruation, against the background of a general satisfactory condition, occurs with a deficiency of progesterone.

   Bleeding with spontaneous interruption is accompanied by constant or periodic pain in the lumbar region, abdomen. Disturbed by nausea, bouts of dizziness, slightly increased body temperature. Bleeding can be weak or intense, and clots are often observed in the discharge.

   When a fertilized egg is fixed outside the uterus, internal bleeding often occurs, and discharge from the genital tract may appear much later. Characteristic manifestations – acute pain in the abdomen radiates to the anal region, right or left side, blood pressure decreases, cold sweat appears, fainting is possible. Significant blood loss leads to the development of a state of shock with a high probability of death.

   Implantation bleeding

   Why does it bleed at the initial stages of gestation? Most often, the appearance of spotting during pregnancy is associated with the implantation of the embryo. They occur 6-12 days after conception and are often one of the first signs of conception.

   Usually, the appearance of spotting at the beginning of pregnancy coincides with the time of the onset of menstruation, if the cycle is regular. But discharge in pregnant women is not as abundant as menstrual bleeding. Duration – from several hours to three, with the first pregnancy up to 5 days.

   Photo: What is typical for implantation bleeding

   How does implantation bleeding manifest?

   • weak, pulling pain in the lower abdomen;
   • headache, dizziness;
   • sudden change of mood;
   • bouts of nausea;
   • increased sensitivity, swelling of the mammary glands;
   • fatigue, drowsiness.

   Important! When the embryo is implanted, little blood is released, usually these are small spots. The discharge may be pink, brown, orange, and there should be no clots.

   Early dates

   The first months of pregnancy are the most difficult and dangerous. It is in the early stages that various pathologies and complications often appear.

   Why blood may appear in the early stages during pregnancy:

   1. At the 4th week of pregnancy, discharge with an admixture of blood may appear – this is implantation bleeding. Heavy bleeding is a dangerous sign, most often indicates a miscarriage. Spontaneous abortion can be caused by exercise, fever, infections, drugs or alcohol. Such bleeding is profuse, painful, blood clots are present.
   2. The appearance of sanious discharge at the 5th week of pregnancy may be a sign of a missed pregnancy. The reasons are overwork, Rh conflict, bad habits, bacterial and viral diseases of the reproductive system, genetic disorders in the embryo. Symptoms – causeless fever, severe pain in the lower back and lower abdomen, the disappearance of signs of toxicosis.
   3. Blood in the discharge at the 6th week of pregnancy appears with an ectopic attachment of the fetal egg, fetal fading, Rhesus conflict. Discharge with blood at 6 weeks of pregnancy is a reason for an urgent visit to the gynecologist.
   4. At the 7th week of pregnancy, discharge with blood is not the norm. May indicate a miscarriage, missed or ectopic pregnancy.
   5. From the 8th week of pregnancy, one of the most dangerous periods of pregnancy begins. The formation of the placenta begins, the hormonal background changes. Bloody discharge appears with the threat of miscarriage or spontaneous abortion. Pregnancy is often not saved.

   Pay attention! Second trimester bleeding occurs in only 5-10% of women. Most often this is due to late spontaneous abortion, isthmic-cervical insufficiency. The appearance of blood in the third trimester mainly occurs with presentation, placental abruption.

   ECO

   The appearance of blood discharge during pregnancy on the 8-10th day after IVF is not considered a pathology, provided that the woman feels normal. After the introduction of the embryo into the uterine cavity, minor damage to the small uterine vessels often occurs. Brown, dark cream, pale pink, odorless discharge most often indicates a successful transplant, pregnancy.

   If spotting after IVF is observed for 1-2 days, slight pulling pains in the lower abdomen are disturbing, this may be due to a progesterone deficiency. After the examination, the doctor will adjust the hormonal maintenance therapy.

   Pink discharge on the 16th day after the transfer is a dangerous symptom. It may be a sign of detachment of the fetal egg, the threat of termination of pregnancy.

   According to studies, uterine bleeding in the first trimester is a common occurrence in pregnancy after IVF. Discharge does not affect the incidence of adverse reproductive outcomes. The number of embryo rejections in women with and without uterine bleeding is approximately the same. Consult with our doctors by phone for more details.

   Consult a gynecologist

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   Diagnostics

   If blood has gone from the genitals of a pregnant woman, the doctor conducts an external and gynecological examination.

   Analyzes and examinations:

   • general and biochemical blood test;
   • general urine analysis;
   • tests for hCG, other hormones;
   • Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
   • CTG is performed to assess the vital activity of the fetus.

   Read also
   Is it possible to get pregnant after an abortion

   Treatment

   Methods of treatment depend on the results of the examination.

   Bloody discharge in the first trimester – causes and therapeutic measures:

   • In case of miscarriage, they resort to cleaning the uterus.
   • An ectopic pregnancy is treated by diagnostic laparoscopy, the remnants of fetal tissues are removed, and antibiotic therapy is carried out.
   • With the threat of miscarriage, hospitalization, bed rest, the appointment of drugs to maintain pregnancy, sedatives and tocolytics to reduce uterine tone are indicated.
   • Bubble drift is eliminated by curettage of the uterine cavity.
   • Surgery is necessary for cervical cancer.
   • Damage to the polyp, erosion of the cervix requires expectant management, if the condition does not worsen, removal and cauterization is performed after childbirth.
   • Hormone therapy is prescribed for a lack of progesterone.

   Damage to the cervix of the uterus requires bed rest, and infectious pathologies are treated depending on the pathogen. In this case, antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs can be prescribed.

   Complications and consequences

   It is impossible to ignore bloody impurities in vaginal discharge during pregnancy. Without proper and timely assistance, the following complications may occur:

   • miscarriage;
   • intrauterine fetal death;
   • the development of an infectious process, sepsis due to the remainder of dead tissues in the uterine cavity;
   • profuse blood loss can lead to death.

   Important! Urgent medical attention is needed in case of heavy bleeding, discharge of bright scarlet blood, presence of blood clots in the discharge. In life-threatening and fetal conditions, severe pain in the abdomen, lower back, convulsions, profuse cold sweat, and loss of consciousness are disturbing.

   Methods of prevention

   If there is blood in the first trimester, it is important to remain calm. Stress and anxiety will only exacerbate the situation. But any health problem is easier to prevent than to treat.

   How to avoid bleeding during childbearing – recommendations from a gynecologist:

   • eat right and balanced, give up junk and junk food, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits;
   • observe the drinking regime;
   • in the absence of contraindications, moderate physical activity is indicated – yoga, swimming, special gymnastics for pregnant women;
   • more time to walk in the fresh air;
   • avoid stress, overwork, observe the daily routine, get enough sleep;
   • give up bad habits, do not be in smoky rooms;
   • timely visit a gynecologist;
   • according to the doctor’s prescription, take vitamin complexes for pregnant women;
   • do not self-medicate.

   The prognosis for bleeding during gestation depends on the causes and timely visit to the doctor. Properly provided medical care can save the life of the fetus and the woman.

   FAQ

   Why is there blood from the genital tract during gestation?

   +

   The causes of bleeding in early pregnancy are different. Most often, spotting appears when the fetal egg is fixed, progesterone deficiency, with erosion of the cervix and polyps. Dangerous causes – ectopic, molar, miscarriage, miscarriage.

   What to do if there is bleeding during pregnancy?

   +

   Much depends on the amount of blood released, general well-being. If the bleeding is not strong, not for long, the general condition is normal, it is enough to lie down and rest. Write down the date of the attack, inform the doctor at the next visit. But if even slight spotting during early pregnancy lasts more than 72 hours, is accompanied by cramping or acute pain, fever, you should immediately visit a gynecologist or call an ambulance.

   How can you recognize a miscarriage?

   +

   With the threat of interruption, spotting is scanty, pain in the lower abdomen is absent or may be dull, aching. The condition is considered reversible, with timely treatment, pregnancy can be saved. If a miscarriage has begun, bleeding intensifies, cramping pain appears. The general condition is satisfactory. Urgent hospitalization is required, the probability of maintaining pregnancy is decided on an individual basis.

   Expert opinion

   Bleeding during early pregnancy is a dangerous symptom. Sometimes spotting can be caused by physiological reasons. But often such a symptom appears in life-threatening conditions for the woman and the fetus. To clarify the diagnosis, ultrasound examinations are performed, the degree of blood loss is determined.

   We publish only verified information

   Article author

   Menshikova Maria Viktorovna

   obstetrician-gynecologist

   Experience 38 years

   Consultations 1816

   Art.