Vaginal bleeding Causes – Mayo Clinic

Abnormal vaginal bleeding can relate to an issue with your reproductive system (a gynecologic condition) or to other medical problems or certain medications. If you have reached menopause — defined as 12 consecutive months, give or take, without a menstrual period — subsequent vaginal bleeding may be a cause for concern and should be evaluated.

Possible causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding include:

Cancers and precancerous conditions

1. Cervical cancer
2. Endometrial cancer (uterine cancer)
3. Endometrial hyperplasia
4. Ovarian cancer
5. Uterine sarcoma
6. Vaginal cancer

Endocrine system factors

1. Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
2. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
3. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
4. Stopping or changing birth control pills or menopausal hormone therapy (withdrawal bleeding)

Fertility and reproduction factors

1. Ectopic pregnancy (in which the fertilized egg implants and grows outside of the uterus, such as in a fallopian tube)
2. Fluctuating hormone levels
3. Miscarriage (before the 20th week of pregnancy)
4. Pregnancy
5. Random ovulatory cycles
6. Sexual intercourse
7. Perimenopause (the transition time before menopause)
8. Vaginal atrophy (genitourinary syndrome of menopause) 

Infections

1. Cervicitis
2. Chlamydia trachomatis
3. Endometritis
4. Gonorrhea
5. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
6. Ureaplasma vaginitis
7. Vaginitis

Medical conditions

1. Celiac disease
2. Severe systemic disease, such as kidney or liver disease
3. Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
4. Von Willebrand disease (and other blood clotting disorders)

Medications and devices

1. Forgotten (retained) tampon
2. Intrauterine device (IUD)
3. Stopping or changing birth control pills or menopausal hormone therapy (withdrawal bleeding)
4. Tamoxifen side effect

Noncancerous growths and other uterine conditions

1. Adenomyosis
2. Cervical polyps — noncancerous (benign) growths on your cervix
3. Uterine fibroids
4. Uterine polyps (endometrial polyps)

Trauma

1. Blunt trauma or penetrating injury to the vagina or cervix
2. Sexual abuse

Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• Definition
• When to see a doctor

April 23, 2019

Show references

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee on Practice Bulletins — Gynecology. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 128. Diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012;120:197.
2. Kaunitz AM. Approach to abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-age women. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 17, 2019.
3. Kaunitz AM. Differential diagnosis of genital tract bleeding in women. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 17, 2019.
4. Zacur HA. Managing an episode of severe or prolonged uterine bleeding. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 17, 2019.
5. AskMayoExpert. Abnormal uterine bleeding: Premenopausal women (adult). Rochester, Minn. : Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018.
6. AskMayoExpert. Postmenopausal bleeding. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018.
7. Kliegman RM, et al. Gynecologic history and physical examination. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2020. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 18, 2019.
8. Your menstrual cycle. Womenshealth.gov. https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/your-menstrual-cycle. Accessed April 18, 2019.
9. Goodman A. Postmenopausal uterine bleeding. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 17, 2019.
10. Gonorrhea — CDC fact sheet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea.htm. Accessed April 18, 2019.
11. Frequently asked questions. Pregnancy FAQ090. Early pregnancy loss. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Early-Pregnancy-Loss. Accessed April 18, 2019.
12. Walls RM, et al., eds. Vaginal bleeding. In: Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 18, 2019.
13. Fritz MA, et al., eds. Abnormal uterine bleeding. In: Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. http://www.ovid.com/site/index.jsp. Accessed March 7, 2016.
14. Fritz MA, et al., eds. Oral contraception. In: Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. http://www.ovid.com/site/index.jsp. Accessed March 7, 2016.

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Vaginal bleeding – irregular – Better Health Channel

During each monthly cycle, the lining of the womb (uterus) gets thicker in readiness for pregnancy. A menstrual period occurs when a pregnancy has not taken place. The lining of the uterus is shed and the loss is 50 per cent blood, which can vary from bright red to dark brown. After each period, the whole cycle starts again.

Irregular vaginal bleeding is any bleeding from a woman’s vaginal area and usually refers to bleeding that is not part of a regular period. The range of causes includes infection and hormonal changes. If you suffer from ongoing bleeding problems, see your local doctor for a full assessment to make sure there is no underlying disorder causing the problem.

A wide range of ‘normal’ menstrual periods

Periods differ from woman to woman and from month to month. A period can last from three to 10 days, and occur every three to six weeks. This pattern can vary with age, stress, diet, exercise and inherited factors. The flow can also vary. Around 40ml (two tablespoons) of fluid is lost, which the body quickly replaces.

It is common for women to suffer some cramping pain with their period. This is felt just below the navel and may spread into the legs or lower back. It can be felt as a dull ache or sharp twinge. During a period it is also common to feel bloated and heavy, get more pimples, feel tense and emotional, and have sore breasts and greasier hair.

A range of causes

In many women, the cause of the irregular bleeding is not found. For others, the cause depends on their age and the site of bleeding. Once pregnancy has been ruled out, some of the known causes include:

• Hormonal changes
• Contraception such as the pill, injection or IUD (intrauterine device)
• Infection in the vagina or uterus
• Fibroids or polyps inside the uterus
• Trauma to the vagina
• Some medications such as anticoagulants or anti-epilepsy drugs
• Underlying health problems such as bleeding or thyroid disorders
• Cancer in the lining of the uterus, the cervix or vagina (rare).

Diagnosis methods

For some women, medical history and physical examination are enough for the doctor to be able to diagnose the cause of the irregular bleeding. For other women, a range of tests may be offered including:

• Cervical smear and swabs
• Pregnancy test
• Blood tests
• Ultrasound
• Dilation and curettage (D&C), which involves gently widening the cervix and scraping away the uterine lining.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the cause but may include:

• Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Antibiotics
• Change of contraception
• Hormone therapy
• Anti-bleeding agents such as tranexamic acid
• Surgery to remove fibroids, polyps or cancers
• Treatment for any underlying health problem.

Taking care of yourself at home

If you have irregular bleeding, some general home care suggestions include:

• Get plenty of sleep
• Eat a well-balanced diet
• Do some gentle exercise
• Keep a diary of your symptoms to show your doctor.

Pain relief suggestions

If you suffer from pain with your bleeding, suggestions include:

• Rest. Curl your knees up to your chest and lie on your side.
• Place a warm pack, such as a hot water bottle or wheat bag, over your abdomen.
• Take a warm bath.
• Wear loose clothing.
• Exercise.
• Rub or massage where it hurts.
• Take painkillers such as paracetamol, but avoid aspirin.
• Try relaxation techniques.
• Consider increasing your intake of magnesium or vitamin B1.

Where to get help

• Your doctor
• Gynaecologist
• Family Planning Victoria Tel. (03) 9257 0100 or 1800 013 952

Things to remember

• Irregular vaginal bleeding is any bleeding from a woman’s vaginal area and usually refers to bleeding that is not part of a regular period.
• If you suffer from ongoing bleeding problems, see your local doctor for a full assessment to make sure there is no underlying disorder causing the problem.
• In many women, the cause of the bleeding is not found.

Vaginal bleeding – irregular – Better Health Channel

During each monthly cycle, the lining of the womb (uterus) gets thicker in readiness for pregnancy. A menstrual period occurs when a pregnancy has not taken place. The lining of the uterus is shed and the loss is 50 per cent blood, which can vary from bright red to dark brown. After each period, the whole cycle starts again.

Irregular vaginal bleeding is any bleeding from a woman’s vaginal area and usually refers to bleeding that is not part of a regular period. The range of causes includes infection and hormonal changes. If you suffer from ongoing bleeding problems, see your local doctor for a full assessment to make sure there is no underlying disorder causing the problem.

A wide range of ‘normal’ menstrual periods

Periods differ from woman to woman and from month to month. A period can last from three to 10 days, and occur every three to six weeks. This pattern can vary with age, stress, diet, exercise and inherited factors. The flow can also vary. Around 40ml (two tablespoons) of fluid is lost, which the body quickly replaces.

It is common for women to suffer some cramping pain with their period. This is felt just below the navel and may spread into the legs or lower back. It can be felt as a dull ache or sharp twinge. During a period it is also common to feel bloated and heavy, get more pimples, feel tense and emotional, and have sore breasts and greasier hair.

A range of causes

In many women, the cause of the irregular bleeding is not found. For others, the cause depends on their age and the site of bleeding. Once pregnancy has been ruled out, some of the known causes include:

• Hormonal changes
• Contraception such as the pill, injection or IUD (intrauterine device)
• Infection in the vagina or uterus
• Fibroids or polyps inside the uterus
• Trauma to the vagina
• Some medications such as anticoagulants or anti-epilepsy drugs
• Underlying health problems such as bleeding or thyroid disorders
• Cancer in the lining of the uterus, the cervix or vagina (rare).

Diagnosis methods

For some women, medical history and physical examination are enough for the doctor to be able to diagnose the cause of the irregular bleeding. For other women, a range of tests may be offered including:

• Cervical smear and swabs
• Pregnancy test
• Blood tests
• Ultrasound
• Dilation and curettage (D&C), which involves gently widening the cervix and scraping away the uterine lining.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the cause but may include:

• Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Antibiotics
• Change of contraception
• Hormone therapy
• Anti-bleeding agents such as tranexamic acid
• Surgery to remove fibroids, polyps or cancers
• Treatment for any underlying health problem.

Taking care of yourself at home

If you have irregular bleeding, some general home care suggestions include:

• Get plenty of sleep
• Eat a well-balanced diet
• Do some gentle exercise
• Keep a diary of your symptoms to show your doctor.

Pain relief suggestions

If you suffer from pain with your bleeding, suggestions include:

• Rest. Curl your knees up to your chest and lie on your side.
• Place a warm pack, such as a hot water bottle or wheat bag, over your abdomen.
• Take a warm bath.
• Wear loose clothing.
• Exercise.
• Rub or massage where it hurts.
• Take painkillers such as paracetamol, but avoid aspirin.
• Try relaxation techniques.
• Consider increasing your intake of magnesium or vitamin B1.

Where to get help

• Your doctor
• Gynaecologist
• Family Planning Victoria Tel. (03) 9257 0100 or 1800 013 952

Things to remember

• Irregular vaginal bleeding is any bleeding from a woman’s vaginal area and usually refers to bleeding that is not part of a regular period.
• If you suffer from ongoing bleeding problems, see your local doctor for a full assessment to make sure there is no underlying disorder causing the problem.
• In many women, the cause of the bleeding is not found.

Vaginal bleeding – irregular – Better Health Channel

During each monthly cycle, the lining of the womb (uterus) gets thicker in readiness for pregnancy. A menstrual period occurs when a pregnancy has not taken place. The lining of the uterus is shed and the loss is 50 per cent blood, which can vary from bright red to dark brown. After each period, the whole cycle starts again.

Irregular vaginal bleeding is any bleeding from a woman’s vaginal area and usually refers to bleeding that is not part of a regular period. The range of causes includes infection and hormonal changes. If you suffer from ongoing bleeding problems, see your local doctor for a full assessment to make sure there is no underlying disorder causing the problem.

A wide range of ‘normal’ menstrual periods

Periods differ from woman to woman and from month to month. A period can last from three to 10 days, and occur every three to six weeks. This pattern can vary with age, stress, diet, exercise and inherited factors. The flow can also vary. Around 40ml (two tablespoons) of fluid is lost, which the body quickly replaces.

It is common for women to suffer some cramping pain with their period. This is felt just below the navel and may spread into the legs or lower back. It can be felt as a dull ache or sharp twinge. During a period it is also common to feel bloated and heavy, get more pimples, feel tense and emotional, and have sore breasts and greasier hair.

A range of causes

In many women, the cause of the irregular bleeding is not found. For others, the cause depends on their age and the site of bleeding. Once pregnancy has been ruled out, some of the known causes include:

• Hormonal changes
• Contraception such as the pill, injection or IUD (intrauterine device)
• Infection in the vagina or uterus
• Fibroids or polyps inside the uterus
• Trauma to the vagina
• Some medications such as anticoagulants or anti-epilepsy drugs
• Underlying health problems such as bleeding or thyroid disorders
• Cancer in the lining of the uterus, the cervix or vagina (rare).

Diagnosis methods

For some women, medical history and physical examination are enough for the doctor to be able to diagnose the cause of the irregular bleeding. For other women, a range of tests may be offered including:

• Cervical smear and swabs
• Pregnancy test
• Blood tests
• Ultrasound
• Dilation and curettage (D&C), which involves gently widening the cervix and scraping away the uterine lining.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the cause but may include:

• Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Antibiotics
• Change of contraception
• Hormone therapy
• Anti-bleeding agents such as tranexamic acid
• Surgery to remove fibroids, polyps or cancers
• Treatment for any underlying health problem.

Taking care of yourself at home

If you have irregular bleeding, some general home care suggestions include:

• Get plenty of sleep
• Eat a well-balanced diet
• Do some gentle exercise
• Keep a diary of your symptoms to show your doctor.

Pain relief suggestions

If you suffer from pain with your bleeding, suggestions include:

• Rest. Curl your knees up to your chest and lie on your side.
• Place a warm pack, such as a hot water bottle or wheat bag, over your abdomen.
• Take a warm bath.
• Wear loose clothing.
• Exercise.
• Rub or massage where it hurts.
• Take painkillers such as paracetamol, but avoid aspirin.
• Try relaxation techniques.
• Consider increasing your intake of magnesium or vitamin B1.

Where to get help

• Your doctor
• Gynaecologist
• Family Planning Victoria Tel. (03) 9257 0100 or 1800 013 952

Things to remember

• Irregular vaginal bleeding is any bleeding from a woman’s vaginal area and usually refers to bleeding that is not part of a regular period.
• If you suffer from ongoing bleeding problems, see your local doctor for a full assessment to make sure there is no underlying disorder causing the problem.
• In many women, the cause of the bleeding is not found.

Causes and prevention of spotting

Share on PinterestThere can be a variety of reasons for breakthrough bleeding, most of which are no cause for concern.

The medical term for bleeding between periods is metrorrhagia. It is also known as spotting or breakthrough bleeding.

The menstrual cycle refers to the time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next. The cycle typically lasts between 25 and 30 days but can be longer or shorter.

A period refers to the time when a woman bleeds each month, which usually lasts between 2 and 7 days. Periods are different for every woman.

There is a variety of reasons for bleeding between periods:

Hormonal contraceptives

Hormonal contraceptives are a common cause of vaginal bleeding between periods. If they do cause irregular bleeding, it usually only occurs for the first 3 months of using the contraceptive.

Some examples of hormonal contraceptives include:

• intrauterine device (IUD)
• birth control patch
• vaginal ring
• contraceptive pill
• contraceptive implant

If bleeding between periods is very heavy or lasts for longer than 3 months, it may be a good idea to seek medical advice. Changing to an alternative form of contraception can often stop breakthrough bleeding.

Bleeding between periods can happen if a person does not take their hormonal contraception according to the instructions. For example, a woman may miss taking a contraceptive pill, or have a problem with a birth control patch. This can sometimes cause spotting.

Emergency contraception

Using emergency contraceptive may also cause bleeding. This applies to both forms of emergency contraceptive: the morning after pill and the IUD.

Implantation bleeding

Some women experience spotting shortly after becoming pregnant, marking the moment when the fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus. This is called implantation bleeding. They may also feel a slight cramping in the uterus.

Miscarriage

Bleeding between menstrual periods is one early sign of a miscarriage. Miscarriages can occur at any time during pregnancy and may happen before a woman is aware that she is pregnant.

Termination

Many people experience some bleeding after having a termination or abortion. Spotting may last for several weeks after having an in-clinic procedure or taking the abortion pill. If bleeding is very heavy, seek medical advice.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can cause vaginal bleeding. Chlamydia is a typical example. As well as spotting between periods, chlamydia can cause bleeding during or after sex.

Injury

If the skin or tissue of the vagina is damaged, it can bleed. The most common way for this to happen is during penetrative sex. It is much more likely if the vagina is dry.

The body produces a natural lubricant that prepares the vagina for penetrative sex. Vaginal dryness can be caused by many factors including a lack of arousal, changing hormone levels due to menopause, diabetes, or cancer treatment.

Menopause or perimenopause

Menopause usually happens between the ages of 45 and 55. It is marked as the time at which a woman has not had a period for 1 year.

Perimenopause is the period leading up to menopause. This can last for up to 10 years as hormone levels in the body change.

Hormone levels are often unstable during perimenopause. This can cause irregular periods, spotting, and heavy bleeding.

Polyps in the cervix or vagina

Polyps are small growths. They can develop in the uterus or on the cervix, which is the structure between the vagina and uterus. In some cases, polyps can cause bleeding and may need to be removed.

Certain cancers

In most cases, bleeding between periods is not a cause for concern. However, vaginal bleeding between periods is one possible symptom of certain types of cancer. Cervical cancer can affect women of any age. It is most common in sexually active women between the ages of 30 and 45.

Bleeding between periods or after sex is usually the first symptom of cervical cancer. Other early symptoms include pain or discomfort while having sex, or unpleasant-smelling vaginal discharge.

Uterine or womb cancer tends to occur in women over 50. Vaginal bleeding is also an early symptom of this type of cancer, especially if the bleeding occurs after menopause.

Uterine cancer mostly affects women who have reached menopause. This means that they no longer have periods. For this reason, any vaginal bleeding after menopause should be noted as unusual.

If women have not reached menopause, bleeding may happen between periods. Sometimes bleeding is heavier than usual. Less common symptoms include pain during sex or pain in the abdomen.

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that can cause irregular periods, as well as some bleeding between periods. Other symptoms include fertility problems, weight gain, and oily skin or acne.

Endometriosis or adenomyosis

Chronic conditions that affect the uterus, such as endometriosis or adenomyosis, can cause bleeding or spotting between periods. These conditions may also cause heavy or painful menstrual periods and cramps between periods.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding | Ministry of Health NZ

There is a wide range in what is ‘normal’ for periods. They can last from 3 to 10 days, and occur every 3 to 6 weeks. Variations can be caused by age, stress, diet, exercise and other medical conditions.

Causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding

Bleeding that is not a normal period could be caused by:  

• hormonal changes (such as starting menopause or polycystic ovary syndrome)
• contraception such as the pill, injection, implant or IUD (intrauterine device)
• infection in your vagina or uterus
• fibroids or polyps inside your uterus
• trauma to your vagina
• some medications such as anticoagulants 
• underlying health problems such as bleeding or thyroid disorders
• cancer in the lining of your uterus, your cervix or vagina (this is rare).

When to see your doctor

See your doctor if you are worried about abnormal bleeding or if your usual pattern of periods has changed – especially if you have more frequent or heavier bleeding.

If you are past the menopause (no longer have normal periods) see your doctor if you have any vaginal bleeding.

It is also important to see your doctor if you get any bleeding after having sex.

Call Healthline 0800 611 116 if you are unsure what you should do.

Diagnosis

Your doctor may be able to work out what is causing the irregular bleeding by examining you and checking your medical history. But you may need to have further tests. These could include:

• cervical smear and swabs
• pregnancy test
• blood tests
• ultrasound
• endometrial sampling, which is when a small tube like a straw is passed through the cervix and the lining of the uterus is gently collected by suction
• dilation and curettage (D&C), which involves gently widening the cervix and scraping away the lining of the uterus
• hysteroscopy, where the lining of the uterus is viewed with an instrument.

A D&C and hysteroscopy would be done under an anaesthetic, and the two procedures may be done together.  

Treatment

Treatment for the bleeding depends on what has caused it, but may include:

• anti-inflammatory drugs
• antibiotics
• change of contraception
• hormone therapy, including slow-release implants such as Mirena
• anti-bleeding agents such as tranexamic acid
• surgery to remove fibroids, polyps or cancers
• treatment for any underlying health problem.

Self-care

If you have irregular bleeding, make sure you:

• get plenty of sleep
• eat a well-balanced diet
• do some gentle exercise
• keep a diary of your symptoms to show your doctor.

If you suffer from pain with your bleeding, try these ideas.

• Rest – curl your knees up to your chest and lie on your side.
• Place something warm, such as a hot water bottle or wheat bag, on your tummy.
• Do some gentle exercise.
• Rub or massage where it hurts.
• Take painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, but avoid aspirin.
• Try relaxation techniques.

Vaginal Bleeding – Types, Causes, Complications

Vaginal bleeding is bleeding that flows from the vagina. Bleeding can originate in the vagina, cervix or uterus.

Abnormal or unexpected vaginal bleeding that occurs outside your normal menstrual cycle or causes extreme symptoms during your period can be caused by a wide variety of abnormal conditions, including hormonal imbalances, infection, complications of pregnancy, malignancy, trauma, and certain medications. However, many underlying causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as vaginal dryness and cervical dysplasia, are very treatable if promptly diagnosed and treated.

Treatment of vaginal bleeding varies and is tailored to the individual case, the underlying cause, the severity of symptoms, and the presence of any complications.

Sometimes bloody urine, which is due to bleeding from the urinary tract, or bloody stools, which is due to bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, can be mistaken for vaginal bleeding. Any unexplained bleeding should be evaluated by your health care professional.

Some types of vaginal bleeding can be caused by serious, even life-threatening conditions, such as an ectopic pregnancy, uterine cancer, or pelvic inflammatory disease.
Seek prompt medical care if you have vaginal bleeding that is different than your normal menstrual period. Early diagnosis and treatment of vaginal bleeding reduces the risk of serious complications, such as infertility and metastatic uterine cancer.

Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, are pregnant and have vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain.

What are the different types of vaginal bleeding?

Vaginal bleeding can be described in various terms, such as vaginal bleeding after menopause and oligomenorrhea. The terms applied to vaginal bleeding include:  

• Bloody vaginal discharge

• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, a general term for abnormal uterine bleeding that is not caused by the menstrual cycle

• Menorrhagia, unusually heavy menstrual periods

• Menstrual bleeding, vaginal bleeding that occurs due to a normal menstrual period

• Oligomenorrhea, which is menstrual bleeding that occurs more than 35 days after the last menstrual period (less than 10 periods a year)

• Polymenorrhea, which is menstrual bleeding that occurs less than 21 days after the last menstrual period (more than 12 periods a year)

• Spotting, a type of vaginal bleeding that is light and irregular

• Vaginal bleeding after intercourse

• Vaginal bleeding after menopause

• Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy or labor

• Vaginal hemorrhage, which is very heavy vaginal bleeding

Abnormal bleeding

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of AMK may vary depending on the underlying cause. The following signs of pathology should alert you:

• frequent and heavy menstruation, the cycle is broken and lasts less than 24 days;
• discharge with blood, which are observed in girls before the onset of the first menstruation;
• blood from the vagina after intercourse;
• unsystematic bleeding between periods;
• dizziness and feeling of weakness;
• pale skin and anemia.

A number of diagnostic procedures are performed to identify the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. Be sure to appoint an unscheduled gynecological examination and study the anamnesis. From laboratory tests you need to go through:

• UAC;
• hormone analysis;
• blood biochemistry;
• hemostasiogram;
• cytomorphology of the epithelium.

Hardware diagnostics provides for the passage of ultrasound of the pelvic organs.If indicated, the patient is referred for hysteroscopy.

If, according to the results of diagnostics, it is revealed that the problem is not of a gynecological nature, then it is necessary to consult a related or narrow-profile specialist.

Treatment of AMK

The method of treating pathology directly depends on the intensity of bleeding and the general well-being of the patient. If the blood loss is large, then it must be urgently stopped and the condition of the body stabilized.Only then can you start diagnostic procedures.

With an insignificant AMK, on ​​the contrary, they first look for its cause and only then develop a treatment regimen. Therapy can be conservative, with the use of drugs (vasoconstrictor, hormonal drugs), but if necessary, they also resort to surgical intervention.

When choosing a technique and then adjusting the therapy, the degree of the positive effect of drugs, the presence of side effects of treatment, the individual characteristics of the patient: age, state of health, interest in conceiving a child in the future are taken into account.

90,000 Juvenile bleeding in adolescent girls from 12 to 18 years old – description, causes, prevention

Juvenile or pubertal bleeding in gynecology is usually called uterine bleeding, which is a violation of the menstrual cycle in adolescent girls aged 12-18 years.

According to experts, juvenile bleeding is one of the most difficult pathologies of puberty in a girl.

Juvenile bleeding is most often irregular, more or less profuse bleeding from the vagina. Most often, bleeding appears after a delay of the next menstruation for 2-6 weeks and lasts quite a long time – as a rule, more than a week. In some cases, bleeding from the genital tract lasts up to several months, periodically weakening and intensifying.

With such prolonged bleeding, the girl’s condition can be severe, since prolonged and intense juvenile bleeding can cause anemia – anemia, including severe.

Most often, juvenile bleeding occurs during the first two to three years after the onset of menstruation. As a rule, uterine juvenile bleeding occurs in the winter or spring months, which is caused by a lack of vitamins in the girl’s diet. But, of course, this is not the only cause of pathology.

Reasons

• Infectious diseases.
• Hormonal disorders.
• Mental trauma.
• Physical or psychological overload.
• Incorrect power supply.

Symptoms

• Intermenstrual bleeding from the genital tract that occurs between periods – metrorrhagia.
• Irregular prolonged uterine bleeding, usually occurring after menstruation, – menometrorrhagia.
• Regular long-term (more than 7 days) and profuse (more than 100 ml) uterine bleeding (menstruation) – menorrhagia, hypermenorrhea.
• Regular uterine bleeding (menstruation) with an interval of less than 21 days – polymenorrhea.
• General malaise, weakness, dizziness, headache.

If a teenage girl consults a doctor in a timely manner, and the gynecologist performs the treatment correctly, then the menstrual cycle, as a rule, can be normalized. At the same time, the forecast is quite favorable.

However, if bleeding in adolescence remains untreated, then they can turn into uterine bleeding of reproductive age, which can be fraught with infertility and the development of many pathological conditions in a woman.Of great importance for establishing the cause of juvenile bleeding is a thorough diagnosis, therefore, gynecologists of our center work together with doctors of other specialties (endocrinologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, etc.), which allows you to quickly and efficiently carry out treatment within one center.

Prevention

• Timely and sufficient treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases (chronic tonsillitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, etc.).
• Compliance with a healthy lifestyle (rejection of bad habits, proper nutrition with the exception of unreasonable diets, regular physical activity, tempering, etc.)etc.).
• Exclusion of excessive physical and psycho-emotional stress, adherence to sleep and wakefulness.
• Maintenance of the menstrual calendar.
• Regular visits to the gynecologist.

More about pediatric gynecology at the YugMed clinic

90,000 Interventions available during pandemics for heavy menstrual bleeding: a review of the Cochrane Reviews

Review Question

What is the efficacy and safety of the treatment commonly available during pandemics for heavy menstrual bleeding?

Relevance

Heavy (heavy) menstrual bleeding is a common gynecological condition.Treatments that can be continued during pandemics include:

1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as mefenamic acid or naproxen: They work by lowering prostaglandin levels, which reduces bleeding from the lining of the uterus. NSAIDs can be taken in pill form.

2. Antifibrinolytics such as tranexamic acid: These medicines help reduce bleeding by inhibiting (inhibiting the activity) of the enzyme (s) that dissolve blood clots in the lining of the uterus. Antifibrinolytics can be taken in tablet form.

3. Combined hormonal contraceptives, eg combined oral contraceptive pills: work by thinning the inner lining of the uterus that comes out with menstrual blood during menstruation. Combined hormonal contraceptives can be taken in pill form or inserted vaginally using a vaginal ring.

4. Progestogens such as norethisterone: They work by thinning the inner lining of the uterus that comes out with menstrual blood (spills) during menstruation.Progestogens are pills that can be taken within 10 days of the menstrual cycle (short cycle) or within three to four weeks of the menstrual cycle (long cycle).

We aimed to summarize the best evidence for their efficacy and safety.

Characteristics of research

We included four Cochrane Reviews (44 randomized controlled trials, 3196 women) completed by June 2020.We identified 11 different comparisons, including NSAIDs versus placebo (control pill that had no effect), antifibrinolytics versus placebo, and combined hormonal oral contraceptives versus placebo. All reviews reported menstrual bleeding, quality of life, patient satisfaction, side effects, and serious adverse events. We rated the quality of all reviews as high.

Main Findings

Antifibrinolytics and combined hormonal contraceptives are likely to be effective in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding when compared with placebo.Of 1,000 women with heavy menstrual bleeding, 109 will report improvement with a placebo, and 363 (200 to 662) with antifibrinolytic drugs. Of 1000 women with heavy menstrual bleeding, 29 will consider their menstrual bleeding normal when taking a placebo, and 401 (118 to 771) when taking combined oral contraceptives. NSAIDs may be effective in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding when compared to placebo. Of 1000 women with heavy menstrual bleeding, 200 will report improvement with placebo and 766 (578 to 887) with NSAIDs.Antifibrinolytics may be more effective in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding compared to NSAIDs and short progestogen cycles, but we cannot draw conclusions about the effectiveness of antifibrinolytics versus long progestogen cycles.