What are the common causes of bleeding during the third trimester of pregnancy. How can vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy be diagnosed. What symptoms should pregnant women watch out for when experiencing bleeding in the 9th month.

Understanding Vaginal Bleeding in Late Pregnancy

Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy can be a concerning symptom, especially when it occurs in the third trimester. While bleeding is more common in early pregnancy, experiencing it later on requires immediate medical attention. Approximately 10% of pregnant women experience bleeding in late pregnancy, which can pose risks to both the mother and baby.

It’s crucial to differentiate between spotting and bleeding. Spotting involves a few drops of blood, similar to what you might see at the beginning or end of a menstrual period. Bleeding, on the other hand, is a heavier flow that requires protection like a liner or sanitary napkin.

Common Causes of Third Trimester Bleeding

There are several potential causes of bleeding during late pregnancy, most often related to issues with the placenta, vagina, or cervix. Let’s explore some of the most common reasons:

1. Placenta Previa

Placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers the cervix, potentially obstructing the baby’s path during delivery. As the cervix begins to dilate in preparation for birth, the placenta may tear, resulting in bleeding. This condition requires careful monitoring and may necessitate a cesarean section to ensure safe delivery.

2. Vasa Previa

In vasa previa, fetal blood vessels run through the membranes covering the cervix. When the cervix dilates, these vessels can rupture, causing bleeding. This condition is rare but can be dangerous if not detected and managed promptly.

3. Placental Abruption

Placental abruption, affecting about 2% of pregnancies, occurs when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall prematurely. This can lead to bleeding and may trigger early labor. Immediate medical attention is crucial in cases of placental abruption.

4. Vaginal Infections

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase susceptibility to vaginal infections such as thrush, herpes, bacterial vaginosis, and chlamydia. These infections can cause inflammation in the vagina, potentially leading to bleeding.

5. Cervical Ectropion

Cervical ectropion is a common condition where the cells lining the inside of the cervical canal form a red, inflamed patch on the outside of the cervix. These delicate cells can bleed easily, especially after intercourse or intense physical activity. While it’s a frequent cause of bleeding during pregnancy, it typically doesn’t cause long-term harm.

6. Uterine Rupture

In rare cases, the uterus may tear, forcing the fetus into the abdominal cavity. This is a severe condition that can be life-threatening for both mother and child. Previous uterine surgeries, such as cesarean sections, increase the risk of uterine rupture.

7. Premature Labor

Bleeding during the ninth month of pregnancy might indicate the onset of early labor. As the cervix begins to dilate and efface, it may stretch and tear slightly, causing bleeding. This bleeding is often accompanied by the release of vaginal mucus, signaling that the baby is preparing for birth.

Recognizing Symptoms Associated with Late Pregnancy Bleeding

When experiencing bleeding in late pregnancy, it’s essential to be aware of accompanying symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention. These may include:

• Severe abdominal, pelvic, or back pain
• Passage of fleshy, bloody tissue from the vagina
• Extreme fatigue or dizziness
• High fever
• Significant blood loss

If you experience any of these symptoms along with vaginal bleeding, seek medical help without delay.

Diagnostic Methods for Late Pregnancy Bleeding

When a pregnant woman presents with bleeding in the third trimester, healthcare providers employ various diagnostic methods to determine the cause and appropriate course of action. The two primary approaches are:

1. Reviewing Medical History

Your doctor will begin by thoroughly examining your medical history. This review may include:

• Checking for past infections or congenital disorders like hemophilia
• Assessing tobacco use
• Inquiring about current symptoms, their severity, and frequency
• Gathering information on previous pregnancies, miscarriages, placenta previa, placental abruptions, abortions, or cesarean sections

2. Conducting a Physical Examination

A comprehensive physical exam will typically involve:

• Measuring blood pressure
• Examining the cervix and vagina for tenderness or injuries
• Assessing the quality and quantity of pelvic cramp pain
• Performing a microbiological examination of the vaginal tract

The Importance of Prompt Medical Attention

When it comes to bleeding in late pregnancy, timely medical intervention can make a significant difference in outcomes for both mother and baby. But why is prompt attention so crucial?

Bleeding during the third trimester can be a sign of serious complications that may threaten the health and well-being of the mother and the unborn child. Quick diagnosis and treatment can help prevent or manage potentially life-threatening situations such as severe blood loss, preterm labor, or fetal distress.

Moreover, early intervention allows healthcare providers to implement appropriate management strategies, which may include:

• Bed rest or activity restrictions
• Medication to prevent preterm labor
• Corticosteroids to accelerate fetal lung development if preterm delivery is likely
• Close monitoring of maternal and fetal health
• Preparation for emergency cesarean section if necessary

Preventing and Managing Bleeding in Late Pregnancy

While not all causes of third-trimester bleeding are preventable, there are steps pregnant women can take to reduce their risk and manage their health effectively:

1. Regular Prenatal Care

Attending all scheduled prenatal appointments allows your healthcare provider to monitor your pregnancy closely and detect any potential issues early. These check-ups typically include:

• Blood pressure measurements
• Urine tests to check for infections or preeclampsia
• Ultrasounds to monitor fetal growth and placental position
• Discussions about any symptoms or concerns you may have

2. Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of complications. This includes:

• Eating a balanced, nutritious diet
• Staying hydrated
• Getting regular, gentle exercise as approved by your healthcare provider
• Avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques or prenatal yoga

3. Recognizing and Reporting Symptoms

Being aware of potential warning signs and promptly reporting them to your healthcare provider is crucial. In addition to bleeding, be alert for:

• Severe or persistent abdominal pain
• Decreased fetal movement
• Sudden swelling of the face, hands, or feet
• Severe headaches or changes in vision
• Fever or chills

Coping with the Emotional Impact of Late Pregnancy Bleeding

Experiencing bleeding in late pregnancy can be emotionally challenging for expectant mothers. The uncertainty and fear associated with potential complications can cause significant stress and anxiety. How can pregnant women and their partners manage these emotions effectively?

1. Seek Support

Don’t hesitate to lean on your support network during this time. This may include:

• Your partner or spouse
• Family members and close friends
• Support groups for high-risk pregnancies
• Mental health professionals specializing in perinatal care

2. Stay Informed

Knowledge can be empowering. Ask your healthcare provider for reliable information about your specific situation. Understanding what’s happening and what to expect can help alleviate some anxiety.

3. Practice Self-Care

Engaging in self-care activities can help manage stress and promote emotional well-being. Consider:

• Gentle relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation
• Journaling your thoughts and feelings
• Engaging in hobbies or activities that bring you joy
• Ensuring you get adequate rest and nutrition

The Role of Partners and Family Members

Partners and family members play a crucial role in supporting a pregnant woman experiencing late pregnancy bleeding. How can they provide effective support during this challenging time?

1. Educate Yourself

Learn about the potential causes and implications of late pregnancy bleeding. This knowledge will help you understand what your loved one is going through and enable you to ask informed questions during medical appointments.

2. Offer Practical Support

Assist with daily tasks and responsibilities, especially if the pregnant woman is on bed rest. This might include:

• Preparing meals
• Taking care of household chores
• Attending medical appointments
• Caring for other children if applicable

3. Provide Emotional Support

Be a listening ear and a source of comfort. Validate her feelings and concerns, and offer reassurance when needed. Sometimes, just being present can make a significant difference.

4. Take Care of Yourself

Remember that supporting a loved one through a high-risk pregnancy can be stressful for you too. Don’t neglect your own emotional and physical well-being. Seek support when needed and practice self-care to ensure you can be there for your partner or family member.

Long-Term Considerations After Experiencing Late Pregnancy Bleeding

For women who have experienced bleeding in late pregnancy, there may be long-term considerations to keep in mind for future pregnancies and overall health. What should these women be aware of moving forward?

1. Impact on Future Pregnancies

Depending on the cause of the bleeding, there may be implications for future pregnancies. For example:

• Women who have had placenta previa may be at higher risk for it in subsequent pregnancies
• Those who experienced placental abruption may need closer monitoring in future pregnancies
• If a cesarean section was necessary, this could affect delivery options in future pregnancies

2. Emotional Processing

The experience of late pregnancy bleeding can have lasting emotional effects. Some women may benefit from:

• Counseling or therapy to process the experience
• Joining support groups for women who have had high-risk pregnancies
• Open discussions with their partner about the impact of the experience on their relationship and family planning

3. Ongoing Health Monitoring

Depending on the specific cause of the bleeding, some women may require ongoing health monitoring. This could include:

• Regular check-ups with an obstetrician-gynecologist
• Monitoring for any long-term effects of treatments received during pregnancy
• Screening for conditions that may have contributed to the bleeding

4. Family Planning Considerations

The experience of late pregnancy bleeding may influence future family planning decisions. Women and their partners may want to consider:

• Discussing the risks and benefits of future pregnancies with their healthcare provider
• Exploring options for family planning and contraception
• Planning for extra support and monitoring in future pregnancies if they choose to have more children

By being aware of these long-term considerations, women who have experienced late pregnancy bleeding can make informed decisions about their future health and family planning. As always, it’s important to discuss any concerns or questions with a healthcare provider who is familiar with your individual medical history and circumstances.

Bleeding in Third Trimester: Reasons, Signs & Treatment

Bleeding can occur at any stage of pregnancy. It is frequent in the first trimester and you may notice spotting or a heavy flow. Vaginal bleeding occurs in up to 30% of all early pregnancies but poses no complications in most instances. However, experiencing vaginal bleeding in your third trimester is an entirely different ball game. This article will help you learn about its causes, treatment, and prevention methods.

Is It Common to Have Vaginal Bleeding in the Third Trimester?

If you experience vaginal bleeding in the third trimester, whether mild or severe, it is important that you consult a medical professional immediately. Bleeding or haemorrhage in late pregnancy and the risks associated with it are the most prevalent causes of pregnancy-related mortality of both, the mother and the baby. It affects around 10% of all pregnant women and is usually indicative of a more serious problem.

What Is the Difference Between Spotting and Bleeding?

Bleeding involves a heavy blood flow, requiring you to protect your underwear from staining by using a liner or a sanitary napkin. Spotting, on the other hand, is the leakage of only a few drops of blood, like you see right before your period starts and just after it ends.

Causes

Bleeding in late pregnancy is most likely due to a placental issue, but might also be due to problems with the vagina or the cervix. Some of the most common causes are:

1. Placenta Previa

Placenta previa refers to the condition in which your placenta falls onto the cervix, which is located below the uterus. It can sometimes hinder delivery as it creates a cervical blockage, preventing the baby from emerging. During the final weeks of pregnancy, when your cervical walls dilate to get ready for the baby, the placenta might tear, which may cause bleeding.

2. Vasa Previa

In this condition, the blood vessels of the foetus are located under the cervical tissue. When the cervix widens to enable delivery, these vessels can rupture, which may result in bleeding.

3. Placental Rupture

In some cases, the placenta detaches from the uterine wall, which is known as placental abruption. It only occurs in around 2% of pregnancies but might induce premature labour.

4. Vaginal Infection

Your hormonal ups and downs increase the risk of contracting infections like thrush, herpes, vaginosis and chlamydia. These infections can lead to inflammation in the vagina, causing bleeding.

5. Cervical Ectropion

In this condition, the glandular cells that line the inside of the cervical canalform a red, inflamed patch on the outside of the cervix. The delicate cells on the outside produce more mucous and bleed easily, especially after sex or intense exercise. This may lead to bleeding or pain inlate pregnancy. Cervical ectropion is one of the most common causes of bleeding during pregnancy; however, itdoes not pose any long-term damage.

6. Uterus Tearing

In some rare cases, the uterus might rip apart, forcing the foetus into the abdominal area. Due to its severity, this condition can be fatal for both you and your child. The risk factors involved in the case of a uterine rupture include previous surgical procedures done on the uterus, such as caesarean sections.

7. Premature Labour

Bleeding during the 9th month of pregnancy could be due to early labour, which might occur due to the stretching and tearing of the cervix while trying to dilate. In case of premature labour, you may observe some vaginal mucous in the blood, indicating that your baby is ready to be born.

Symptoms

Bleeding in pregnancy is linked to several symptoms that require immediate medical attention. Some of the symptoms are given below:

• Extreme abdominal, pelvic, or back pain
• Fleshy, bloody emission from the vagina
• Fatigue and feeling dizzy
• Fever with a high temperature
• Considerable loss of blood

Methods to Diagnose the Causes of Bleeding in Late Pregnancy

There are two main methods to diagnose the causes of bleeding in the later stages of pregnancy. They are:

1. Reviewing Your Medical History:

First off, your doctor will review your medical history to check whether you’ve had any infections or congenital disorders like haemophilia, and also, to check whether you’ve consumed tobacco or not. He might also ask you questions about any symptoms you might be experiencing, as well as their severity and frequency. You will also have to inform him about your previous pregnancies, miscarriages, placenta previa, placental ruptures, abortions or C-sections.

2. Conducting a Physical Exam:

Firstly, your doctor will check your blood pressure. Your cervix and vagina will be examined for any soreness or injuries, including a qualitative and quantitative measurement of pelvic cramp pain. A microbiological examination of your vaginal tract will also be done to rule out the possibility of any infections. In the third trimester of your pregnancy, an abdominal ultrasound scan will be performed to test for placental problems like placenta previa or abruption. The ultrasound can also detect whether the foetus is growing somewhere other than the uterus, such as a fallopian tube. This is known as an ectopic pregnancy and it can cause bleeding if the fallopian tube tears. Finally, the doctor will check how much your cervix has dilated with a finger examination.

Treatment

Bleeding in late pregnancy might require round-the-clock monitoring for sepsis, anaemia, and foetal stress. Blood transfusions might also be required if there is heavy and consistent blood loss. Although you may prefer a vaginal birth, your doctor will insist on a caesarean surgery as the likelihood of bleeding due to uterine rupture will be decreased. If you are yet to reach the 36th week of pregnancy, you might have to undergo premature labour. In this case, your doctor will prescribe steroidal medication to hasten the development of your baby’s lungs, so that he can learn to breathe outside the womb. In some cases, the uterus may have to be removed via a hysterectomy; although the damaged uterus can be surgically fixed in some cases.

Follow Up After Your Treatment

Your doctor will ask you to take bed rest until delivery. Douching, using tampons, and having sex will not be recommended if the bleeding doesn’t stop. If you still experience symptoms such as recurrent bleeding and abdominal pain for a few days after being treated, contact your gynaecologist again.

Self-Care Tips to Try at Home

Bleeding during early pregnancy requires you to take it easy, avoid intense exercises, and stay hydrated. However, if you bleed in the third trimester, taking care of yourself at home or trying out different remedies won’t help. It may result in serious complications and hence, it is suggested that you contact your doctor immediately.

Preventive Measures You Can Take

Bleeding during pregnancy can be prevented by –

• Stopping the consumption of tobacco, as it increases the risk of placenta previa.
• Regulating your blood pressure by avoiding salty foods, as eating salty foods canlead to placental detachment.
• Taking good care of yourself to avoid physical trauma as it could rupture the uterine wall.

Bleeding in any trimester of pregnancy might have complications, so don’t hesitate to consult your doctor if you observe vaginal bleeding or spotting. Also, seeking medical help for bleeding in late pregnancy is non-negotiable. With timely care and support, there is no reason why you should not have a perfect and successful pregnancy.

Also Read: Cramping during Pregnancy

What’s OK and When to Seek Help

Spotting is usually a light amount of pink, red, or dark brown blood on your underwear. It’s lighter than your period and won’t cover a panty liner. During pregnancy, spotting is usually nothing to worry about.

Noticing spotting or light bleeding during pregnancy can feel terrifying, but it isn’t always a sign that something is wrong. Many people who spot during pregnancy go on to deliver a healthy baby.

It’s important to note that spotting different from heavier bleeding, where you’d need a pad or tampon to stop blood from soaking through your underwear. Seek emergency care if you experience heavy bleeding during pregnancy.

Let your doctor know if you notice spotting or bleeding at any time during pregnancy. They can determine whether you need to come in for monitoring or to be evaluated. They may ask you about other symptoms along with spotting, such as cramping or a fever.

It’s also important to notify your doctor of vaginal bleeding because some people with certain blood types require medication if they experience this at any time during their pregnancy.

If you experience bleeding in your second or third trimester, let your doctor know right away or seek emergency medical care.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, about 15 to 20 percent of pregnant people experience bleeding in the first trimester.

In a 2010 study of 4,539 pregnant women, about 1 in 4 experienced bleeding during the first trimester. The study found that spotting was most commonly seen in the sixth and seventh weeks of pregnancy. It wasn’t always a sign of miscarriage or that something was wrong.

Spotting during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy may be attributed to:

• implantation bleeding
• ectopic pregnancy
• miscarriage
• unknown causes

Here’s what you need to know about these possible causes.

Implantation bleeding

Implantation bleeding occurs 6 to 12 days following conception. It’s believed to be a sign that the embryo is lodging into the wall of the uterus.

Not everyone will experience implantation bleeding, but for those who do, it’s usually one of the first symptoms of pregnancy.

Implantation bleeding is usually light pink to dark brown. It’s different from your usual menstrual period because it’s only light spotting.

You won’t be bleeding enough to need a tampon or to cover a sanitary pad. The blood also won’t drip into the toilet when you use the restroom.

Implantation bleeding lasts for a few hours or up to 3 days, and will stop on its own.

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency. It occurs when the fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus. Light to heavy vaginal spotting or bleeding can be a symptom of an ectopic pregnancy.

Bleeding or spotting during an ectopic pregnancy is usually experienced along with:

• sharp or dull abdominal or pelvic pain
• weakness, dizziness, or fainting
• rectal pressure

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience these symptoms.

Early pregnancy loss or miscarriage

Most miscarriages occur in the first 13 weeks of pregnancy. If you know you’re pregnant and experience brown or bright red bleeding with or without cramps, speak with your doctor.

With a miscarriage, you may also notice the following symptoms:

• mild to severe back pain
• weight loss
• white-pink mucus
• cramping or contractions
• tissue with clot-like material passing from the vagina
• a sudden decrease in pregnancy symptoms

Once a miscarriage has started, there’s very little that can be done to save the pregnancy. You should still call your doctor, though, so they may rule out ectopic pregnancy or another complication.

Your doctor will likely do two or more blood tests to check your pregnancy hormone levels. This hormone is called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

The tests will be 24 to 48 hours apart. The reason you’ll need more than one blood test is so your doctor can determine if your hCG levels are declining. A decline in hCG levels indicates a pregnancy loss.

Having a miscarriage doesn’t mean you’ll have difficulties getting pregnant in the future. It also doesn’t necessarily increase your risk for future miscarriages, though it may if you’ve already had multiple miscarriages. It’s important to note that a miscarriage is also generally not caused by something you did or didn’t do.

Unidentified causes and more

It’s also possible to have spotting for an unidentifiable reason. In early pregnancy you’re going through so many bodily changes.

In some people, changes to the cervix can cause mild spotting. Other times, hormonal changes may be responsible. You may also experience mild spotting after sexual intercourse or if you’re very active.

Infection is another possible cause for spotting, which is why it’s important to talk with your doctor about any spotting during pregnancy. They can rule out more serious causes and put your mind at ease.

Light bleeding or spotting during the second trimester may be caused by irritation to the cervix, usually after sex or a cervical exam. This is common and not usually cause for concern.

A cervical polyp is another possible cause for bleeding in the second trimester. This is a harmless growth on the cervix. You may have spotting from the area around the cervix due to an increased number of blood vessels in the tissue there.

If you experience any vaginal bleeding that’s heavy like a menstrual period, let your doctor know right away. Heavy bleeding in the second trimester may be a sign of a medical emergency, such as:

• placenta previa
• premature labor
• late miscarriage

Light bleeding or spotting during late pregnancy may occur after sex or a cervical exam. This is common and not usually cause for concern. It can also be due to a “bloody show,” or a sign that labor is starting.

If you experience heavy vaginal bleeding during late pregnancy, seek emergency medical care. It could be caused by a:

• placenta previa
• placental abruption
• vasa previa

Timely emergency care is necessary for your safety and that of your baby.

If you experience a lighter blood flow or light spotting, you should still call your doctor right away. Depending on your other symptoms, you may need an evaluation.

First trimester

Most miscarriages occur in the first 13 weeks of pregnancy. About 10 percent of all clinically recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage.

Let your doctor know if you experience vaginal spotting or bleeding that doesn’t stop on its own after a few hours. You may also experience pain or cramping in your lower back or abdomen, or fluid or tissue passing from your vagina along with the following symptoms:

• weight loss
• white-pink mucus
• contractions
• a sudden decrease in pregnancy symptoms

In the early weeks of pregnancy, your body may expel fetal tissue on its own and not require any medical procedure, but you should still let your doctor know if you think you’re experiencing or have experienced a miscarriage.

They can make sure that all of the tissue has passed, as well as do a general check to make sure everything’s fine.

Further along in the first trimester, or if there are complications, you may require a procedure called dilation and curettage — commonly called a D and C — to stop bleeding and prevent infection. It’s important to also care for yourself emotionally during this time.

Second and third trimester

Symptoms of a late pregnancy miscarriage (after 13 weeks) include:

• not feeling movement of the fetus
• vaginal bleeding or spotting
• back or abdominal cramping
• unexplained fluid or tissue passing from the vagina

Let your doctor know if you’re experiencing these symptoms.

If the fetus is no longer alive, you may be given medication to help you deliver the fetus and placenta vaginally or your doctor may decide to surgically remove the fetus using a procedure called dilation and evacuation, also known as D and E.

A second or third-trimester miscarriage requires physical and emotional care. If you work outside your home, ask your doctor when you can return to your office or work site.

If you think you need more time for emotional recovery, let your doctor know. They may be able to provide documentation to your employer to allow you to take additional time off.

If you plan to get pregnant again, ask your doctor how long they recommend you wait before trying to conceive.

Finding support

Experiencing a miscarriage can be devastating. Know that a miscarriage is not your fault. Lean on family and friends for support during this difficult time.

You can also find a grief counselor in your area. Allow yourself as much time as you need to grieve.

Many people go on to have healthy pregnancies following a miscarriage. Talk with your doctor when you’re ready.

If you experience spotting that isn’t implantation bleeding or that doesn’t stop on its own after a few hours, your doctor may recommend you come in for an evaluation. They’ll likely perform a vaginal exam to assess the amount of bleeding.

They may also take an abdominal or vaginal ultrasound to confirm a healthy fetus developing appropriately and to check for a heartbeat.

During early pregnancy, you may also need an hCG blood test. This tests for a standard pregnancy and can help diagnose an ectopic pregnancy or rule out a potential miscarriage. Your blood type will also be confirmed.

Spotting during pregnancy isn’t always cause for alarm. Many people experience implantation bleeding during early pregnancy. It’s also typical to experience some spotting after sex, for example.

Let your doctor know if the spotting doesn’t stop on its own or gets heavier. Also let your doctor know if you experience other symptoms along with spotting, such as cramps, backache, or a fever.

Remember that many people who experience spotting go on to have healthy pregnancies. Your doctor can help evaluate your symptoms.

Read this article in Spanish.

Sports during pregnancy – how to exercise

1. Is it possible to exercise during pregnancy
2. Contraindications for sports during pregnancy
3. What sports can be done during pregnancy
4. What to pay attention to while playing sports

Waiting for a baby is a special and very important period in a woman’s life. The expectant mother cares not only about her health, but also about the well-being of her baby. More and more young girls in recent years are involved in sports in everyday life and at the stage of pregnancy planning. What should a woman do when she is already pregnant? Stop fitness classes or somehow combine them with a new position? After all, women in an “interesting position” have to monitor their figure, health and weight gain even more carefully than before pregnancy.

Is it possible to go in for sports during pregnancy

Everyone knows that sports have a positive effect on the physical and emotional state of a person. Are there benefits of exercising during pregnancy? Of course yes. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain, edema, and high blood pressure. It has long been no secret that sports exercises normalize the functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, strengthen the muscles that are involved in the birth act, have a beneficial effect on the psycho-emotional status, normalize sleep and improve appetite. Regular exercise reduces the percentage of pregnancy complications, contributes to the normal course of childbirth, and reduces the risk of perineal tears. Playing sports during pregnancy improves blood circulation and metabolism in the internal organs, which has a positive effect on the growth and development of the fetus, and prevents the appearance of edema. There is also scientific evidence that the children of women who exercise during pregnancy are less prone to various diseases, infections and stress. In addition, a woman who went in for sports during pregnancy recovers faster in the postpartum period, and the risk of developing postpartum complications is significantly reduced.

In any case, before starting to exercise during pregnancy, it is imperative to consult an obstetrician-gynecologist who is watching a woman.

Contraindications for sports during pregnancy

There are conditions and diseases in which sports are strictly contraindicated:

• placenta previa – a condition when the placenta is located low in the uterus and blocks the exit from it (the so-called internal os). These conditions are dangerous due to the sudden onset of heavy bleeding, and any physical activity can provoke it.
• diseases of the liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system. Additional physical activity during pregnancy in the form of fitness classes can aggravate the course of these diseases.
• uterine bleeding. Naturally, with bleeding, fitness is contraindicated, because physical exercises can lead to increased bleeding.
• uterine hypertonicity, threatened miscarriage. Sports can also aggravate the situation and lead to miscarriage.
• polyhydramnios – excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid. Sports in this case can lead to premature birth or rupture of the fetal bladder and premature rupture of amniotic fluid.
• inflammatory and purulent processes, since sports will contribute to the spread of the inflammatory process.
• preeclampsia is a severe complication of the second half of pregnancy, in which blood pressure rises, protein appears in the urine and edema. Sports in this case can provoke a formidable complication of pregnancy – eclampsia – the appearance of seizures.
• severe anemia – a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels is usually accompanied by a lack of oxygen to organs and tissues, and exercise can further aggravate the state of oxygen deficiency.
• diseases of the blood system, in particular with a tendency to thrombosis (the formation of blood clots that clog blood vessels) or bleeding. In these cases, the course of the disease may worsen against the background of physical exertion during pregnancy.

In addition, it must be remembered that even a healthy woman with a physiological course of pregnancy can not practice all sports. In some cases, the reason for the ban is a high degree of injury in certain sports. This group includes horse riding, boxing, karate, all kinds of wrestling, ski jumping, parachuting, skiing, skateboarding, roller skating, snowboarding. Prohibited activities include motorcycling, scooters, snow scooters and jet skis. In addition to the high risk of injury, the running engine of these vehicles causes intense vibration, which adversely affects the pelvic organs and can lead to abortion. Cycling, exercise bikes and water bikes have the property of increasing blood flow to the uterus, as a result of which the tone may increase, which leads to the threat of termination of pregnancy. Jumping into the water and diving are also prohibited. Both sports are associated with a significant change in pressure, which is highly undesirable for a woman expecting a baby, as it can lead to impaired blood supply to the fetus. You can also not engage in sports where you need to hold your breath, such as bodyflex.

The taboo is also imposed on power sports, lifting weights over 5 kilograms, respectively, on all power simulators, step, dance aerobics, sprinting, long-distance running, any exercises related to stretching the abdominal muscles.

What sports can be done during pregnancy

What activities are allowed for pregnant women:

First of all, when starting to play sports during pregnancy, it is necessary to take into account the level of physical fitness before conception . If a woman has been regularly involved in sports for many years, has received intense exercise, naturally and during pregnancy, in the absence of contraindications, she can afford more intense exercise, although with the presence of a certain control. So, in particular, the pulse rate 5 minutes after the completion of the exercise should not exceed 100 beats per minute, and blood pressure should normalize on its own after the same period of time. During training, you should try to limit the time of intensive physical work to 15 minutes (under intensive work is understood as such, during which the heart rate exceeds 150 beats per minute). It is better to increase the time allotted for warm-up and warm-up. The training time itself should ideally not exceed 1.5 hours.

Women who do not engage in intensive fitness before pregnancy should carefully approach the start of exercise during pregnancy, start small and gradually, within reasonable limits, increase the load.

Hiking

One of the simplest, accessible to every woman, but very effective physical activity, allowed to absolutely all pregnant women, regardless of their preparation and well-being, is walking. Such exercises tone the muscles of the legs, buttocks and back, prevent the appearance of varicose veins and hemorrhoids, fight venous congestion in the pelvis. Regular walks improve uteroplacental blood flow, as a result of which the fetus receives more oxygen and nutrients.

Cross-country skiing

Cross-country skiing can be done regularly in winter as this sport is considered safe. After 24-25 weeks, a supportive maternity bandage must be worn while hiking or skiing.

Walking up stairs

Walking up stairs is also useful for pregnant women. The main condition is not to rush, breathe evenly and calmly.

Swimming

Swimming is perhaps the best sport for pregnant women. Swimming is very beneficial for both mother and baby. Exercises in water unload the spine, strengthen the muscles of the back and chest, massage tissues, improve blood circulation in organs and tissues, swelling and flatulence disappear. In addition, swimming eliminates the possibility of overheating, dehydration and trauma to the woman, as well as excessive stress on the joints. Swimming is a great way to keep your body in good shape and a great opportunity to get it in order after the baby is born. Water is an excellent shock absorber, allowing you to optimally distribute the load on the body during any type of movement. You can just stay on the water, walk in the water, swim, do water aerobics for pregnant women. In fitness centers, there are special water aerobics programs for expectant mothers under the guidance of instructors. The only points that you need to remember when going to the pool are that the swimsuit must be well-sized, not squeeze the stomach, you must definitely take a bottle of clean drinking water with you to replenish the liquid after class, and evaluate the cleanliness of the pool in which classes are held swimming.

Yoga

Yoga is also an excellent exercise option during pregnancy. Almost all of its varieties are suitable for this, but it is still better, especially for beginners, to practice yoga specially adapted for pregnant women, under the guidance of an experienced instructor. Such yoga will not harm either mother or baby, it does not have inverted poses and exercises that must be performed while lying on your back. Another argument in favor of yoga is that during the exercises a lot of time is devoted to breathing and relaxation. This has a very beneficial effect on the development of the baby (proper breathing improves blood circulation and he receives more oxygen), and also prepares the mother for childbirth.

Pregnancy exercises

There are several options for specially designed pregnancy exercises. It is thought out taking into account all the physiologies and needs of pregnant women. Exercises in these complexes are aimed at strengthening the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the muscles that are involved in the process of childbirth – at strengthening the abdominals and pelvic floor. Gymnastics for pregnant women has a positive effect on maintaining posture and strengthening the spine. You can do gymnastics for pregnant women at home on your own, picking up the main exercises from special magazines or from the Internet. Many fitness clubs create special groups for expectant mothers. In the group, pregnant women do physical exercises under the guidance of experienced instructors who will show the necessary exercises, point out possible mistakes, and in addition, while working in a group, women can communicate with other expectant mothers. In fitness clubs, classes for pregnant women are also carried out using inflatable sports balls – fitballs. Fitball exercises are also aimed at strengthening the back muscles, preparing the muscles and ligaments that are directly or indirectly involved in the process of childbirth, and improving the blood supply to organs and tissues.

Pilates

Pilates is encouraged during pregnancy. It helps not only to strengthen the muscles actively involved in childbirth, in particular the muscles of the pelvic floor, but also to master the skills of proper breathing and relaxation. These skills will come in handy during childbirth to reduce pain during contractions.

In the first trimester of pregnancy fitness helps to fight mild toxicosis, pain in the lumbar region that occurs with the pressure of the growing uterus, helps to normalize bowel function. During this period, all organs and systems of the baby are laid down and its connection with the mother’s body is still weak; Since during this period the need for oxygen in the body tissues increases, and the expectant mother is often worried about toxicosis or increased sensitivity to odors, it is best to pay more attention to calm walking or skiing during this period and not to visit the stuffy fitness club halls with their special aromas.

The second trimester of pregnancy is considered the most favorable for exercise. In the second trimester of pregnancy, the active formation of the placenta and the “mother-fetus” circulation occurs, the pressure of the uterus on the vessels increases, which leads to edema and the appearance of varicose veins. Placental hormones are included in the metabolism, which enhance the growth of the uterus and mammary glands, an increase in the abdomen leads to a change in posture, and flattening of the foot is possible. Playing sports in the second trimester of pregnancy helps to maintain the flexibility and mobility of the joints, and is also the prevention of varicose veins and edema. In the second trimester, it is recommended to do gymnastics for pregnant women, Pilates and especially swimming. Swimming, like no other sport, helps to “unload” the spine and for some time feel your body the way it was before pregnancy.

In the third trimester there is an increase in the uterus, the load on the heart increases, diaphragmatic breathing is difficult, venous outflow from the legs and small pelvis worsens, the load on the spine and arch of the foot increases. Classes during this period are aimed at improving blood circulation in all organs and systems. The overall load must be reduced. Relaxation exercises are important. Swimming also brings significant benefits during this period.

Find out more about services:

• Consultation with a gynecologist

What to pay attention to when doing sports

At the initial stage the duration of training should not exceed 20-30 minutes per day . Over time, subject to good tolerance, this duration can be increased to an hour. In this case, the load should increase smoothly and gradually. After a workout, a pregnant woman should not feel tired.

For sports, you must choose comfortable, quality shoes and loose cotton clothing . Overheating must be avoided. The room in which classes are held should be well ventilated, it should not be hot and stuffy.

Naturally, during sports, the expectant mother should carefully listen to her body , and in the later stages, to the motor activity of the fetus during exercise and after they are completed. If this activity decreases, then physical activity is excessive and needs to be adjusted, in addition, this is an occasion to seek advice from a doctor.

If intense pain in the abdomen occurs during exercise, spotting is a reason to immediately stop exercising and seek urgent medical attention . If, after exercise, headache, dizziness constantly appear, swelling increases, or there is bloody discharge from the genital tract, it is necessary to stop exercising and consult a doctor observing pregnancy. The reason for the consultation should be any manifestation of ill health.

When going in for sports, one must remember that it should bring only pleasure. Only in this case, it will benefit the expectant mother and her baby.

Threatening conditions during pregnancy ⚕️ Article Med-Atlant

Pregnancy is a wonderful and amazing period in a woman’s life. With its physiological course, the pregnant woman has the opportunity to enjoy every day of nine wonderful months. However, pregnancy does not always proceed normally, sometimes pregnant women experience conditions that are threatening for her and for her child. Every pregnant woman should be aware of these symptoms and, if they occur, seek immediate medical attention.

Bloody discharge. Normally there should be no bloody discharge from the vagina at all. Threatening are any: from minor spotting to heavy bleeding. They may indicate the onset of a spontaneous miscarriage or premature birth, premature detachment of the placenta (a condition that threatens both the fetus and the woman and may require an immediate caesarean section).

Change in the nature of discharge. In addition to bloody, watery discharge from the vagina up to 37 weeks of gestation is also dangerous, which may indicate premature discharge of amniotic fluid. In this case, hospitalization is necessary for a complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Only a doctor with the help of special tests can distinguish amniotic fluid from urine, mucous plug or inflammatory discharge. The latter are also dangerous and require treatment, in particular, greenish, yellowish, cheese-like, odorous discharge, accompanied by discomfort, itching. They may indicate the presence of an infection that threatens the infection of the fetus or premature birth.

High fever in pregnant women. In the normal course of pregnancy, due to changes in the hormonal background of a woman, the temperature can rise to 37.3-37.5 ° C, but not always. If the temperature rises above 37.5 ° C, medical attention should be sought. Given the Covid 19 pandemic, any increase in temperature and deterioration in general condition should be reported to your OB/GYN and family doctor. A high temperature may also indicate other diseases dangerous for pregnant women, such as influenza, respiratory viral infections, inflammation of the kidneys, ENT organs, appendicitis, etc.

Change in the nature of fetal movements. As you know, during the first pregnancy, a woman begins to feel the movement of the baby from 20-21 weeks, during the second – even from 16-17 weeks. Until the 28th week, it is important to have the movements of the child during the day, later the woman should feel more than 10 sets of movements per day and count them. To do this, every pregnant woman must complete the so-called “fetal movement test”, which allows her to suspect and respond in time to the deterioration of the baby’s condition. If there are doubts about the movements, if the woman has less than 10 sets of movements within 12 hours, or, conversely, the movements are too active and painful, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Dangerous during pregnancy are also excessive vomiting, diarrhea, pain when urinating, sudden significant swelling of the hands, feet, face, headache, especially in combination with high blood pressure, blurred vision, convulsive twitching of the limbs.