What are the implications of a 109/56 blood pressure reading. How does low blood pressure affect your health. What steps can you take to manage hypotension effectively. Is 109/56 blood pressure a cause for concern.

Understanding Blood Pressure Readings: What 109/56 Means

Blood pressure is a vital health metric that provides crucial information about cardiovascular health. A reading of 109/56 indicates low blood pressure, also known as hypotension. This condition occurs when blood pressure falls below the normal range of 90/60 to 120/80 mmHg.

In a 109/56 reading, the first number (109) represents systolic pressure, which measures the force of blood against artery walls when the heart beats. The second number (56) is diastolic pressure, indicating the pressure between heartbeats. Both values are lower than ideal, suggesting reduced blood flow throughout the body.

Is 109/56 Blood Pressure Dangerous?

While 109/56 is considered low, its impact varies from person to person. Some individuals naturally have lower blood pressure without experiencing symptoms. However, for others, this reading could indicate an underlying health issue or lead to complications if left untreated.

• Mild hypotension: May cause occasional dizziness or fatigue
• Moderate hypotension: Can lead to more frequent symptoms and affect daily activities
• Severe hypotension: Potentially life-threatening, requiring immediate medical attention

Symptoms and Risks Associated with Low Blood Pressure

Recognizing the signs of hypotension is crucial for timely intervention. Common symptoms include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fainting (syncope)
• Blurred vision
• Nausea
• Fatigue
• Difficulty concentrating
• Cold, clammy skin

Prolonged low blood pressure can lead to more severe health risks:

1. Inadequate blood flow to vital organs
2. Increased risk of falls and injuries
3. Shock (in extreme cases)
4. Cognitive impairment
5. Cardiovascular complications

Can Low Blood Pressure Cause Long-term Damage?

Chronic hypotension may lead to organ damage due to insufficient blood supply. The brain, heart, and kidneys are particularly vulnerable. Long-term effects can include memory problems, heart strain, and reduced kidney function. Regular monitoring and management are essential to prevent these complications.

Causes of Low Blood Pressure: Unraveling the Mystery

Understanding the underlying causes of hypotension is crucial for effective treatment. Several factors can contribute to low blood pressure:

Medical Conditions

• Endocrine disorders (e.g., hypothyroidism, Addison’s disease)
• Heart problems (e.g., bradycardia, heart valve issues)
• Dehydration
• Severe infections or septic shock
• Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12, folic acid)

Medications

Certain medications can lower blood pressure as a side effect:

• Diuretics
• Alpha-blockers
• Beta-blockers
• Antidepressants
• Erectile dysfunction drugs

Lifestyle Factors

Daily habits and environmental conditions can also influence blood pressure:

• Prolonged bed rest
• Pregnancy
• Excessive heat exposure
• Sudden changes in body position
• Alcohol consumption

Diagnosing Low Blood Pressure: Beyond the Numbers

Accurate diagnosis of hypotension involves more than a single blood pressure reading. Healthcare providers employ various methods to confirm and assess the severity of low blood pressure:

Multiple Readings

Blood pressure fluctuates throughout the day. Doctors often take multiple readings over time to establish a pattern and rule out temporary fluctuations.

Orthostatic Blood Pressure Test

This test measures blood pressure while lying down, sitting, and standing to detect orthostatic hypotension – a sudden drop in blood pressure upon changing position.

Blood Tests

Laboratory tests can reveal underlying conditions contributing to low blood pressure, such as anemia, hormone imbalances, or nutritional deficiencies.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An ECG helps detect heart rhythm abnormalities that may be causing or exacerbating hypotension.

Echocardiogram

This ultrasound of the heart can identify structural problems or valve issues affecting blood pressure.

Treatment Strategies for Managing Low Blood Pressure

Managing hypotension often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medical interventions, and ongoing monitoring. The goal is to raise blood pressure to a safe level while addressing underlying causes.

Lifestyle Modifications

• Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
• Consume a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Exercise regularly to improve cardiovascular health
• Avoid sudden position changes
• Wear compression stockings to improve blood flow

Dietary Adjustments

Certain foods can help stabilize blood pressure:

• Salt: Moderate increase in sodium intake (under medical supervision)
• Caffeine: Can temporarily boost blood pressure
• Small, frequent meals: To prevent postprandial hypotension
• Vitamin B12 and folate-rich foods: To address potential deficiencies

Medications

In some cases, doctors may prescribe medications to raise blood pressure:

• Fludrocortisone: Increases blood volume
• Midodrine: Constricts blood vessels
• Droxidopa: Helps in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension

It’s crucial to note that medication should only be taken under strict medical supervision, as improper use can lead to dangerously high blood pressure.

Prevention: Keeping Low Blood Pressure at Bay

While not all cases of hypotension are preventable, certain strategies can help maintain healthy blood pressure levels:

Stay Hydrated

Adequate fluid intake is crucial for maintaining blood volume. Aim for 8-10 glasses of water daily, and increase intake during hot weather or physical activity.

Balanced Nutrition

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains provides essential nutrients for cardiovascular health. Consider consulting a nutritionist for personalized advice.

Regular Exercise

Moderate physical activity strengthens the heart and improves circulation. Start with low-impact exercises and gradually increase intensity under medical guidance.

Stress Management

Chronic stress can impact blood pressure. Incorporate relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or yoga into your daily routine.

Monitor Medications

Regularly review your medications with your healthcare provider. Some drugs may need adjustment to prevent hypotension as a side effect.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Low Blood Pressure

While mild hypotension may not require immediate medical intervention, certain situations warrant prompt attention:

Emergency Situations

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Chest pain or shortness of breath
• Confusion or altered mental state
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Cold, clammy, pale skin

Non-Emergency Concerns

Schedule a doctor’s appointment if you experience:

• Frequent mild symptoms affecting daily life
• Unexplained fatigue or weakness
• Recurrent headaches
• Persistent nausea

Regular check-ups are essential for monitoring blood pressure trends and adjusting treatment plans as needed.

Living with Low Blood Pressure: Adapting Your Lifestyle

Managing hypotension often requires long-term lifestyle adjustments. Here are some strategies to help you cope with low blood pressure:

Gradual Position Changes

To prevent dizziness, move slowly when changing positions. Sit on the edge of the bed for a few moments before standing up, especially in the morning.

Compression Garments

Wearing compression stockings can help improve blood flow and reduce the pooling of blood in the legs.

Elevate the Head of Your Bed

Sleeping with your head slightly elevated (about 4 inches) can help reduce morning dizziness.

Stay Cool

Avoid prolonged exposure to hot environments, as heat can lower blood pressure. Take cool showers and stay hydrated in warm weather.

Meal Planning

Eat smaller, more frequent meals to prevent postprandial hypotension. Limit high-carbohydrate foods, which can cause rapid blood sugar fluctuations.

Alcohol Moderation

If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation and always with food. Alcohol can exacerbate low blood pressure.

Stay Informed

Educate yourself about your condition and stay up-to-date with the latest research and treatment options. Knowledge empowers you to make informed decisions about your health.

Living with low blood pressure requires vigilance and adaptability. By working closely with your healthcare team and implementing these lifestyle strategies, you can effectively manage your condition and maintain a good quality of life.

Blood Pressure 109/56: What Does It Indicate?

A blood pressure of 109/56 indicates that you are having a LOW BLOOD PRESSURE which can be an immediate health crisis if the levels are too low.

This article tells you:

• What does a 109/56 blood pressure mean?
• What should you do if you have 109/56 blood pressure?
• Some easy to do home remedies and supplementations.
• Frequently asked question that will answer many of your queries regarding your 109/56 blood pressure.

The blood pressure value of 109/56 specifies the fact that the individual in question is suffering from low blood pressure or hypotension.

This is the medical condition that arises when the value of readings for the blood pressure of a person is less than [90/60].

The ideal blood pressure for an individual is between [90/60] and [120/80]. But for any reason, if the blood pressure falls below the specified readings, then the person can be said to be suffering from hypotension.

The medical condition of hypotension means that the pressure exercised by the blood flowing through the vessels over those is lower than the expected value.

And the same can be said in terms of the heart pumping blood to all the parts of the body. Low BP indicates that the heart is not able to pump blood to all the body parts to the extent that has been termed as necessary. And therefore, more complicated medical problems arise because of Low BP.

The effects or symptoms of these problems are not visible in the overall health of an individual. But these do certainly affect the individual in more ways than just one.

Here is a set-by-step procedure to follow when you figure out you have a blood pressure of 109/56.

If your blood is 109/56 and you have checked the same in your home setup, it is highly recommended to get it checked at your doctor’s office.

A trained professional has to clinically assess your condition and confirm that your 109/56 is, in fact, clinically valid.

There are instances when your reading at home setup might give you a reading which is incorrectly reported. It could be because of an error in reading it, damage to your device, your physical or mental condition on that particular day, etc.

Therefore, a doctor has to assess it over the course of 7 – 30 days periodically before he/she can confirm the accurate stage of your blood pressure.

In some cases, a patient might report wrong blood pressure in a hospital setup, called white coat hypertension. Here the patient may show higher blood pressure than their actual because of the anxiety inside a hospital environment.

In contrast, some patients may have masked hypertension in which the person may show lower blood pressure at clinical setup, but at home, they may have higher blood pressure.

All these conditions are linked to physiology and psychology and, therefore, better to be validated by a doctor.

Even the small changes that you make in your life can lead to having a really impressive effect on your overall health. And, the same can be said regarding the problem of low blood pressure.

If you choose to make reasonable changes in your lifestyle, you can improve your blood pressure to a significant level.

Here are some of the changes that you can bring into your lifestyle to improve your health and your blood pressure level:

You do not need to hesitate from consulting with a physiotherapist about the problems that you are having. Through a relationship of mutual trust, you will be able to get a prescription that will be best suited for your body and overall health.

Following are the prescribed medicines that are greatly helpful for people suffering from low blood pressure.

There are significant changes that you can see in your health if you were to eat healthily every day. And particularly in the case of hypotension, you should know what to eat and what not to.

Some of the comorbidities associated with low blood pressure include heart attack, cardiac arrest, heart valve disorder, bradycardia, and hormonal imbalance.

When you have 109/56, the above-mentioned comorbidities may follow; if correctly, medical attention is not sought.

Therefore, it is highly recommended to treat your hypotension, get it back to a normal level of 120/80 and maintain it.

Even stress is linked to hypotension in some patients. Since the human body reacts differently to different situations, not necessarily depression and anxiety lead to hypertension, but hypotension too. 

This is why it is important to get medical attention rather than treating yourself so that the root cause will be rectified and corrected.

Sometimes managing blood pressure is all about supplementing your body with the right diet. Food is undoubtedly the best primary source to supplement your body.

However, in the current scenarios, we all know how much adultered our foodstuff is, and most of us are pushed towards processed foods to feed ourselves in this fast-paced world.

All these food are high in sugar and sodium and doesn’t contain any vital nutrients that are important for a healthy heart.

This is where some of the nutraceutical-based blood pressure supplements come in handy. These products combine all critical nutrients your heart craves, thereby assisting the better function of your cardiovascular system.

Generally, these supplements are a concoction of herbs, plant-based products, dairy products, and some animal products. They are 100% organic and natural and don’t contain any harmful chemicals.

If you are hearing about these segments of products for the first time,  to start with, you may blindly go for Blood Pressure Support from Vita Balance Inc, Blood Pressure Optimizer from HFL, or Corsanum, marketed by PLT Group.

The only one thing to keep in mind is that choose the best supplement that promote healthy blood pressure, because when it comes to the heart, there is no taking of risk!

Low Blood Pressure or hypotension is not a problem to be made light of. If done so, it will only lead to more complications shortly. Rather than disregarding this problem, consulting with a professional physiotherapist will do you no harm.

Together, you can come up with the best solutions for you, especially when your blood pressure reading is 109/56.

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. What is the blood pressure, and what are the normal values?

Blood pressure is the pressure that is exerted by the blood flowing through arteries over those. Alongside that, this is the efficiency with which the blood is pumped by the heart to all the parts of the body through the circulatory system.

The normal values for blood pressure are between [90/60] and [120/80]. If a person has a blood pressure equivalent to this much, then it means that the blood will be flowing through the arteries relatively easily.

2. What is considered to be high blood pressure?

Blood pressure over the value of [130/80] is considered high blood pressure. This signifies that high pressure is being exerted by the blood flowing through the vessels over those.

And therefore, it is difficult for the human heart to be able to pump blood to all the parts of the body rather efficiently. This is a problem that can arise when the size of the vessels is contracted compared to the original size.

3. What is considered to be low blood pressure?

A blood pressure lesser than the value of [90/60] is termed low blood pressure. This type of value means that low pressure is put forward by the blood over the vessels that are carrying it. It can also be taken as a measure that, the blood is not able to reach all the parts of the body.

Or, the heart is not capable of circulating blood to all the parts of the body in an effective way. This problem in blood pressure is mainly the effect of dehydration and pregnancy.

4. What are hypertension and hypotension? Are they both the same as high and low blood pressure?

Hypertension is the condition that emerges when a person is having high blood pressure. Because of contraction in vessels, the blood can not flow through the vessels efficiently, and therefore, high pressure is exerted over the blood vessels, this particular condition is high blood pressure, also referred to as hypertension.

Hypotension is the condition that comes into effect when the blood pressure of a person is lower compared to the ideal value of blood pressure. This means that the heart is unable to pump blood through the blood vessels to all the body parts. This type of situation when observed is called low blood pressure, or hypotension.

5. What will happen to your general health when you have high blood pressure?

High blood pressure puts you at an imminent risk of arteries rupture because of the high pressure applied over those by the circulating blood. This can, in turn, affect the circulation of blood to all the parts of the body, and your heart itself. And, the latter part can lead you to some serious heart diseases. The high pressure applied over the heart walls can put you close to the risk of heart attack and heart failure.

6. What causes high blood pressure and low blood pressure?

The medical conditions of high blood pressure and low blood pressure are both effects of the lifestyle that we lead. This means that if we adapt to a lifestyle that is in line with our body and overall physical fitness, then we will have ideal blood pressure.

But, if our lifestyle is deviated from what we had started, some medical conditions can arise. High blood pressure and low blood pressure are some of those problems.

7. What are the risks of having high blood pressure?

The most serious risk that is faced by an individual that is suffering from high blood pressure is the risk of heart attack, heart failure, or some chronic disease related to the heart.

Moreover, there are also the additional risks of strokes, vision loss, diabetes, kidney failure, unresponsiveness to external stimuli, chronic chest pain, artery damage, and vascular dementia.

8. What can I do to lower my blood pressure?

To lower your blood pressure, the foremost step should be to limit the intake of sodium salts. Then, it will be good for you to opt for a healthy lifestyle; eat healthy meals and exercise daily. Try to maintain your weight to healthy proportions. Limit the intake of alcohol and caffeine-related beverages, and quit smoking.

Also, you need to have an adequate amount of rest every day and keep your stress and anxiety in proper check. If you continue to face high blood pressure problems even after making these changes in your lifestyle, it will be good for you to consult with a physiotherapist to discuss your blood pressure medications.

9. What are the risks of having low blood pressure?

The harmful effects that are associated with low blood pressure are not as prominent as what is associated with high blood pressure, but they can serve to be just as much harmful in the long run. Low blood pressure can lead to lightheadedness, dizziness, and confusion for a prolonged period.

This is a condition that can make you weak physically as well as mentally. Low blood pressure leads to a depletion in the effectiveness of motor senses, and the subject is likely to faint from time to time. This condition can also lead to blurred vision and can damage peripheral nerves over a long time.

10. What can I do to increase my blood pressure?

Increase the usage of table salts in your diet, and drink plenty of water. Limit your intake of alcohol as it is a dehydrating agent. Increase your diet by taking small meals multiple times with low carbs. Exercise daily and try to take up a lifestyle that will be good for your health and physical well-being.

Try to maintain a body weight that will be good as per your physical stature and age. Avoid changing positions abruptly, and wear compression stockings to improve blood flow in the legs. Also, consult a physiotherapist regarding your medications for low blood pressure.

11. Can smoking and alcohol affect my blood pressure?

Smoking and alcohol have an active impact on the blood pressure levels of an individual. These can lead to an effective change in the size of arteries that carry blood to all the parts of the body.

Heavy intake of alcohol can increase blood pressure in individuals to a significantly high level and this can even lead to long-term blood pressure issues in the individual. On the other hand, smoking is as bad as it can be. It leads to the contraction of blood vessels, which increases the pressure of blood over the heart walls. This puts you at risk of heart disease.

12. How to correctly check my blood pressure at home?

If you want to check your blood pressure at home, you can use portable blood pressure monitors to do so. These are highly adaptable and can help provide you with your blood pressure levels closest to accurate.

But if you are seeking precision in the readings, then it will be good if you were to follow certain measures. For once, avoid intake of caffeine and alcohol before taking the reading. And, have a proper rest of nearly 10 minutes before measuring your blood pressure.

13. Why is it important to visit a doctor to confirm high/low blood pressure?

It is important to visit a doctor regarding blood pressure for the sake of the precision of the outcome or the result of the readings. Moreover, in a proper medical facility and care of professionals, you will be able to get guidance about how to keep your blood pressure in check if it is not per your ideal blood pressure.

Also, you can get a consultation regarding the changes that you will need to make in your lifestyle to bring your blood pressure back in check.

14. Should you be worried about high blood pressure during pregnancy?

High blood pressure during the latter half of the pregnancy is not that rare of an occurrence. However, it is not something to make light of either. If not treated properly, or significant steps are not taken regarding it, this high blood pressure may pose danger to the health of the parent as well as the baby.

This type of high blood pressure or hypertension is called gestational hypertension, and it is not long-lasting. It goes away after the delivery of the baby.

15. What are some of the symptoms to watch out for in high blood pressure?

The symptoms of high blood pressure are not something that can be ignored readily. These symptoms include severe headache, anxiety attacks, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, blood spots in the eyes, intense fatigue, blurred or distorted vision, and vomiting or nausea. These symptoms are not something to be taken lightly.

High blood pressure is not an incurable problem, but measures are needed to be taken against it in the due time. So, don’t make light of the symptoms and consult a physiotherapist regarding these.

16. What foods should you eat to lower blood pressure?

To lower blood pressure eat a diet that is rich in minerals like calcium, magnesium and potassium.

Besides this, it is good to take short meals that are low in curbs. Instead of deep-fried products, it will be good if you were to incline towards a diet that is mainly consisting of vegetables like spinach, broccoli, and other leafy green vegetables.

Consume lots of low-fat poultry and dairy products. These will help enable a healthy diet for you and help you lean towards a healthy lifestyle.

17. What are the best herbs and spices for high blood pressure?

Many known herbs and spices are proven to have a significant effect on high blood pressure. Significantly, basil, parsley, Chinese cat’s claw, celery seeds, Brahmi, thyme, garlic, and ginger are the herbs that are most commonly made use of by people that are suffering from high blood pressure. Along with these, cardamom, cloves, ajwain, green oat, and flaxseeds are the spices that help manage high blood pressure.

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109/56 blood pressure – is it good or bad?

Home > Resources > Blood pressure lookup > 109/56

Maintaining a healthy blood pressure throughout your life is one of the most important things you can do for long-term health and longevity. Whether you’re looking up a blood pressure of 109/56 for yourself or a loved one or simply out of your own curiosity, you’re taking the right steps by being informed and empowering yourself or someone else to be their own best advocate.

According to the American Heart Association, a blood pressure reading of 109/56 would be considered
hypotension, or low blood pressure. Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is defined by a systolic reading (the top number) of less than 90 or a diastolic reading (the bottom number) of less than 60. Low blood pressure generally isn’t considered an issue unless it causes symptoms (such as dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting) or unless it drops suddenly.

Okay, now you know how to classify a blood pressure of 109/56, but now what do you do with that information? Read on to learn more or look up another blood pressure reading.

What is a good blood pressure reading?

According to the American Heart Association, a normal blood pressure reading is lower than 120/80. While there is no specific number for low blood pressure, most experts say blood pressure is too low when it causes symptoms or drops suddenly. In general, though, low blood pressure can be considered anything under 90/60.

More information about a blood pressure reading of 109/56

A blood pressure reading of 109/56 is pronounced “109 over 56.” You may also see it written colloquially as 109/56 bp.

In a blood pressure reading of 109/56, 109 is called the systolic number and 56 is called the diastolic number. Systolic refers to the part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries, and diastolic refers to the part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood. You may also hear the systolic and diastolic numbers referred to as the top number and the bottom number.

Systolic and diastolic readings are measured in mmHg, which is a unit of pressure equal to the pressure that can support a column of mercury 1 millimeter high. Hg is the chemical symbol for mercury. For a blood pressure reading of 109/56, you would pronounce it “109 over 56 millimeters of mercury.”

How do you measure blood pressure?

In a doctor’s office, blood pressure is traditionally taken manually by a doctor or nurse with a sphygmomanometer. A sphygmomanometer is a medical instrument with an inflatable cuff and pressure meter or dial. The sphygmomanometer is placed snugly around the upper arm and is inflated by hand, and the doctor or nurse listens to the brachial artery with a stethoscope as they gradually reduce the pressure of the cuff. When the whooshing sound of blood is first heard through the stethoscope, the doctor or nurse makes note of the reading on the pressure meter. This indicates the systolic blood pressure reading. When the sound disappears, the reading on the pressure meter indicates the diastolic pressure reading.

Blood pressure can also be taken at home using a number of a digital devices. They typically consist of an inflatable cuff and digital display and simply work by placing the cuff around the upper arm and pressing a button, after which the cuff inflatess, deflates, and displays a reading. The most popular blood pressure machines for home use are made by Omron, Beurer, and Paramed, amongst many others.

One thing to keep in mind is that blood pressure can vary by time of day and activity level, so if you’re taking it at home it’s important to check it around the same time each day and rest for a few minutes ahead of time to limit as many variables as possible. It can also be affected by eating.

Blood pressure tends to rise in the hours before waking and then drop in the afternoon and evening before dropping to its lowest point while sleeping, so one popular recommendation is to check it just after waking up and just before bed to identify trends in how it varies from morning until night. Because of this, you might find that if your blood pressure is 109/56 in the morning, it might be lower before bed, and vice versa. Of course, these are just general rules of thumb and may vary by the individual.

Relevant HSA expenses

If you have an HSA as part of your health insurance plan, you’ll be pleased to find that blood pressure monitors, blood pressure cuffs, and wrist blood pressure monitors are all eligible, including smart blood pressure monitors like the offerings from Qardio and Withings.

How the heck do you pronounce sphygmomanometer?

Sphygmomanometer is pronounced sfig-moh-muh-‘nah-mi-ter. Easy!

Explore blood pressure readings similar to 109/56

The following table shows related blood pressure readings because sometimes just one number can make all the difference.

Please note that if a field is blank, it’s not an accident—it simply means a record doesn’t exist for that particular blood pressure. This could be because going forward or backward would create a blood pressure reading that wouldn’t make sense, or because that blood pressure simply doesn’t exist in our records.

Sources

• Understanding blood pressure readings – American Heart Association
• High blood pressure – Mayo Clinic
• Get the most out of home blood pressure monitoring – Mayo Clinic
• Blood pressure – Wikipedia
• How to pronounce sphygmomanometer – Dictionary. com

Disclaimer

The information on this page is intended to be an educational reference and is not to be taken as medical advice. If you think you’re having a hypertensive or hypotensive emergency, or if you’re having any kind of medical emergency, please call 911 immediately.

Features of blood pressure of mice with a genetic defect of various subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors

Features of blood pressure of mice with a genetic defect of various subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors

Website of the publishing house “Media Sfera”
contains materials intended exclusively for healthcare professionals. By closing this message, you confirm that you are a registered medical professional or student of a medical educational institution.

Korsakova N.V.

Chuvash State University. I.N. Ulyanov”;
Cheboksary Branch of the Federal State Agrarian University NMIC “MNTK” Eye Microsurgery “n. a. acad. S.N. Fedorov” of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Features of blood pressure in mice with a genetic defect of various subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors

Authors:

Korsakova N.V.

More about the authors

Magazine:

Bulletin of ophthalmology.

2020;136(5): 103‑108

DOI:

10.17116/oftalma2020136051103

How to quote:

Korsakova N.V. Features of blood pressure in mice with a genetic defect of various subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors. Bulletin of ophthalmology.
2020;136(5):103-108.
Korsakova N.V. Features of blood pressure in mice with a genetic defect of different subtypes of α1-adrenoreceptors. Vestnik Oftalmologii. 2020;136(5):103‑108. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2020136051103

Read metadata

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The pathogenesis of POAG is not fully understood. In addition to increased intraocular pressure, such pathogenetic factors of this disease as low systemic blood pressure, deterioration of ocular blood flow, as well as vascular dysregulation, reperfusion damage and oxidative stress of eyeball tissues are currently generally recognized. The role of α1-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of, for example, ocular blood flow, retinal blood flow, vascular wall permeability, etc. has been described.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

To determine the effect of different subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors on systemic blood pressure in laboratory mice.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Blood pressure characteristics were studied in 36 laboratory mice older than 1 year 6 months with a genetic defect (lines ADRA-1A, ADRA-1D and ADRA-1D) for one of the subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1a, α1b, α1d respectively). The control group consisted of ten intact laboratory mice of the same age. A modern high-precision non-invasive method for measuring the blood pressure of mice using the Coda 9 system was applied0046 TM Standard system (manufactured by Kent Scientific Corporation, USA).

RESULTS

It was found that ADRA-1A mice are characterized by moderately low systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the maximum value of pulse pressure, as well as the largest fluctuations in the absolute values ​​of the latter; for ADRA-1B mice, the highest levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure; for mice of the ADRA-1D line – the lowest systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the minimum values ​​of pulse pressure.

CONCLUSION

The results obtained indicate the specific contribution of α1a-, α1b- and α1d-adrenoreceptor subtypes to the process of maintaining normal hemodynamics of the body, which must be taken into account when studying the pathogenesis of POAG.

Keywords:

blood pressure

tonometry

α1-adrenergic receptors

glaucoma

aging

Authors:

Korsakova N.V.

Chuvash State University. I.N. Ulyanov”;
Cheboksary Branch of the Federal State Agrarian University NMIC “MNTK” Eye Microsurgery “n. a. acad. S.N. Fedorov» of the Ministry of Health of Russia

References:

1. Ado A.D. pathological physiology. Moscow: Triada-X; 2000.
2. Erichev V.P., Kozlova I.V., Makarova A.S., Jin D. Features of systemic hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, compensated intraocular pressure and unstabilized course. Glaucoma. 2013;3:22-25.
3. Kurysheva N.I., Tsaregorodtseva M.A., Irtegova E.Yu., Ryabova T.Ya. Ocular perfusion pressure and primary vascular dysregulation in patients with normal pressure glaucoma. Glaucoma. 2011; 3:11-17.
4. Mozaffari M., Flammer J. Eye circulation and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. St. Petersburg: Eco-Vector; 2013.
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7. Cavalli A, Lattion A-L, Hummler E, Nenniger M. Decreased blood pressure response in mice deficient of the a1b-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:11589-11594. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.21.11589
8. Guimaraes S, Moura D. Vascular adrenoreceptors: an update. Pharmacol Rev. 2001;53(2):451.
9. Kordasz M, Manicam C, Steege A, Goloborodko E, et al. Role of a1-adrenoceptor subtypes in pupil dilation studied with gene-targeted mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(12):8295-8301. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-15706
10. Rokosh D, Simpson P. Knockout of the α1A/C-adrenergic receptor subtype: the α1A/C is expressed in resistance arteries and is required to maintain arterial blood pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99(14):9474-9479. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.132552699
11. Tanoue A, Nasa Y, Koshimizu T, Shinoura H, et al. The a1D-adrenergic receptor directly regulates arterial blood pressure via vasoconstriction. JClin Invest. 2002;109(6):765-775. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci14001
12. Sebastiani A, Parmeggiani F, Costagliola C, Ciancaglini M, et al. Effects of acute topical administration of clonidine 0.125%, apraclonidine 1.0% and brimonidine 0.2% on visual field parameters and ocular perfusion pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl. 2002;236:29-thirty. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0420.80.s236.18.x
13. Rosa RH Jr, Hein TW, Yuan Z, Xu W, et al. Brimonidine evokes heterogeneous vasomotor response of retinal arterioles: diminished nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation when size goes small. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291(1):231-238. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01281.2005
14. Costagliola C, Parmeggiani F, Ciancaglini M, D’Oronzo E, et al. Ocular perfusion pressure and visual field indice modifications induced by alpha-agonist compound (clonidine 0.125%, apraclonidine 1.0% and brimonidine 0.2%) topical administration. An acute study on primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Ophthalmology. 2003;217(1):39-44. https://doi.org/10.1159/000068249
15. Pankratov Y, Lalo U. Role for astroglial α1-adrenoreceptors in gliotransmission and control of synaptic plasticity in the neocortex. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9:230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00230
16. Korsakova N.V. Features of intraocular pressure in mice with a genetic defect of various subtypes of alpha-1-adrenergic receptors in the morning and evening hours. Russian Physiological Journal. THEM. Sechenov. 2017;103(5):562-569.
17. Dalvin L, Fautsch M. Analysis of circadian rhythm gene expression with reference to diurnal pattern of intraocular pressure in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(4):2657-2663. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-16449
18. Moore D, Harris A, Wudunn D, Kheradiya N, et al. Dysfunctional regulation of ocular blood flow: a risk factor for glaucoma? Clin Ophthalmol. 2008; 2(4):849-861. https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s2774
19. Ulrich A, Ulrich C, Barth T, Ulrich WD. Detection of disturbed autoregulation of the peripapillary choroid in primary open angle glaucoma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1996;27(9):746-757.
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21. Carlsson AM, Chauhan BC, Lee AA, Leblanc RP. The effect of brimonidine tartrate on retinal blood flow in patients with ocular hypertension [corrected]. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;128(6):697-701 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(99)00228-7
22. Yu M, Li Y, Liu X, Ling Y, et al. Effect of 0.2% brimonidine on retinal blood flow. Yan Ke Xue Bao. 2001;17(1):42-45.
23. Lachkar Y, Migdal C, Dhanjil S. Effect of brimonidine tartrate on ocular hemodynamic measurements. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116(12):1591-1594. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.116.12.1591
24. Schmidt KG, Klingmuller V, Gouveia SM, Osborne NN, et al. Short posterior ciliary artery, central retinal artery, and choroidal hemodynamics in brimonidine-treated primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136(6):1038-1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00631-7
25. Korsakova N.V. Numbers of retinal ganglion cells in mice with genetic defects in different A1-adrenoreceptor subtypes. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2019; 49(8):1027-1031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-019-00833-w
26. Daugherty A, Rateri D, Hong L, Balakrishnan A. Measuring blood pressure in mice using volume pressure recording, a tail-cuff method. J Vis Exp. 2009;15(27):1291. https://doi.org/10.3791/1291
27. Feng M, Whitesall S, Zhang Y, Beibel M, et al. Validation of volume-pressure recording tail-cuff blood pressure measurements. Am J Hypertens. 2008; 21(12):1288-1291. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2008.301
28. Wang Y, Thatcher S, Cassis L. Measuring blood pressure using a noninvasive tail cuff method in mice. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1614:69-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7030-8_6
29. CODATM Non-Invasive Blood Pressure System Owner`s Manual. For Standard and High-Throughput. Kent Scientific Corporation, Documentation Version 1.01.07, For Software Version 4.1. 2013;37.
30. Kurysheva NI, Maslova EV, Zolnikova IV, Fomin AV, et al. A comparative study of structural, functional and circulatory parameters in glaucoma diagnostics. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(8):e0201599. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0201599
31. Fuchsjager-Mayrl G, Wally B, Georgopoulos M, Rainer G, et al. Ocular blood flow and systemic blood pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(3): 834-839. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.03-0461
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Close metadata

All autonomic functions in the human body, including the level of blood pressure, are provided by the autonomic nervous system, which is actively involved in maintaining normal metabolic processes in its tissues and organs [1–5]. The vasoconstrictive function of α-adrenergic receptors is undoubtedly important in the regulation of systemic arterial pressure [1, 6–14]. It has been established that α-adrenergic receptors are involved both in the regulation of the functioning of the nervous and vascular systems (such as modulation of synaptic plasticity [15], blood pressure, arteriolar lumen diameter, vascular wall permeability), and in providing local motor and trophic reactions, for example , the eyeball, initiating pupil constriction, regulating the hemodynamics of the eye, the volume of secretion and the rate of outflow of intraocular fluid, participating in the maintenance of circadian rhythms of intraocular pressure, etc. [7, 8, 10, 11, 16, 17]. In this regard, it is important to remember that, in addition to increased intraocular pressure, other pathogenetic factors of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are currently being deeply studied – low systemic blood pressure, deterioration of ocular blood flow, as well as vascular dysregulation, reperfusion damage and oxidative stress of the tissues of the eyeball. [3, 18, 19]. However, the role of individual subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1a-, α1b- and α1d-subtypes) in the regulation of hemodynamics of various tissues of the body remains practically unexplored, while the participation of these subtypes of α1-adrenoreceptors in the regulation of ocular and retinal blood flow, vascular wall permeability and pupil diameter already described [3, 4, 9, 20]. In addition, it is known that α2-adrenergic receptors do not take part in the regulation of hemodynamics of the posterior segment of the eye and are not able to modulate its vasomotor activity, while they demonstrate their active participation in the regulation of eye hydrodynamics with a proven ability to significantly reduce intraocular pressure [21–24] . Thus, the study of the role of α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the regulation of systemic blood pressure in the body will contribute to a deeper study of the etiopathogenesis of POAG. This assumption can be substantiated, for example, by recently obtained data on significant differences in the level of intraocular pressure and the number of retinal ganglion cells in special knockout mice with a genetic defect in one of the above subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors [16, 25].

Study aims to determine the effects of the α1a, α1b, and α1d adrenoceptor subtypes on blood pressure levels in laboratory mice.

Material and Methods

This study was performed on 36 laboratory male mice (experimental group) with a genetic defect in one of the three subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors: α1a (15 ADRA-1A mice), α1b (11 ADRA- 1B) and α1d (10 ADRA-1D mice). Ten intact laboratory male C57Bl/6NTac mice of the same age were included in the control group. The above lines of experimental animals were provided by the Gutenberg University (Mainz, Germany) as part of a joint scientific study conducted in 2015-2016.

All measurements of systemic blood pressure were made using a modern high-precision non-invasive measurement system [26-28] Coda ^TM Standard (manufactured by Kent Scientific, USA), recommended by the American Heart Association for use in experimental animal studies, including those with genetic defects [27]. Independent studies from the Universities of Boston, New York and other major research centers have proven that blood pressure values ​​obtained with this non-invasive system are 99% correlate with direct invasive blood pressure measurement (radio telemetry) with an average measurement error equal to or less than 0.25 mmHg. [27, 29].

Animals of the control and experimental groups were kept in the vivarium under the same conditions. The air temperature in the vivarium, according to the developed recommendations [29], was maintained at 26°C. Measurement of blood pressure was carried out in the morning at a strictly fixed time (Saturday, from 08:00 to 09:00), the duration of the measurement cycle for one animal was 15 minutes, of which 10 minutes are for adaptation of the animal. In addition, the recommendations regarding the temperature of the support table of the Coda 9 system are strictly followed.0046 TM Standard at 35°C during the entire period of preparation and measurement of mouse blood pressure. Also, following the developed recommendations, during the three days preceding the introduction of animals into the experiment (Wednesday, Thursday, Friday), training sessions of isolated laboratory animals were conducted in order to fully adapt them to the measurement conditions [29]. The blood pressure of each individual animal was measured ten times.

Statistical processing methods . For mathematical processing of statistical data, the Statistica 6.0 program (StatSoft Inc.2, USA) was used. The obtained digital blood pressure measurement data is presented in the format: M±m , where M is the arithmetic mean value, and m is the standard error of the arithmetic mean. The statistical significance of the results was determined using Student’s t-test.

The work performed with laboratory animals was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association and the “Principles of Good Laboratory Practice” (national standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 53434-2009).

Results of the study

The blood pressure features of ADRA-1A, ADRA-1B and ADRA-1D knockout mice revealed in all three experimental groups in comparison with intact C57Bl/6NTac mice from the control group of animals are presented in table .

Characteristics of blood pressure in intact and knockout ADRA-1A, ADRA-1B and ADRA-1D mice in the morning hours

902 18

22.53±3.48*

* p <0.05 (when comparing lines of knockout mice with intact ones).

It was established that the average value of blood systolic pressure of the studied intact mice of the control group (line C57Bl/6NTac) was 124.74±3.24 mm Hg, and the average value of blood diastolic pressure in mice of the same group was on average 98.56±2.93 mm Hg

The systolic blood pressure of the ADRA-1A knockout mice was significantly lower compared to the control values ​​and was recorded at an average level of 92.70±4.64 mmHg. The diastolic blood pressure of the ADRA-1A knockout mice was also significantly lower than that of the control group, and averaged 62.30±3.12 mm Hg.

The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of ADRA-1B knockout mice is also significantly lower than that of intact mice and is equal to 95. 51±3.78 and 65.13±2.26 mm Hg. respectively.

The lowest reliably significant levels of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found in the experimental group of ADRA-1D knockout mice — 80.85±4.04 and 58.32±2.92 mm Hg. respectively.

It is important to note that the values ​​of the mean pulse pressure (the difference between the mean level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure) in the studied experimental mice of ADRA-1A, ADRA-1B and ADRA-1D lines in comparison with the values ​​of intact mice of the control group (line C57Bl/6NTac ) also have significant differences and are: 30.40±3.88; 30.38±3.02 and 22.53±3.48 mm Hg respectively; the mean value of pulse pressure in intact mice of the control group (line C57Bl/6NTac) was 26.18±3.09mmHg.

The range of absolute values ​​of the level of pulse pressure (the difference between the highest level of systolic and the lowest level of diastolic pressure) of animals in all studied groups was also established, which amounted to 6. 18 mm Hg in the control group. At the same time, the significantly largest range of absolute values ​​of the pulse pressure level was found in ADRA-1A mice (7.76 mm Hg), and the significantly smallest range was found in ADRA-1B mice (6.04 mm Hg).

Thus, in comparison with the control, the studied knockout mice have, in addition to significantly lower levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, significantly different characteristics of the average pulse pressure (significantly increased in ADRA-1A and ADRA-1B mice, and ADRA -1D – reduced), as well as significant differences in the range of recorded absolute values ​​of pulse pressure (the largest range in ADRA-1A mice, the smallest in ADRA-1B mice).

Discussion

It is known from the scientific literature that the participation of α-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of the functions of the nervous system of the body, its blood pressure, hemo- and hydrodynamics, under certain conditions, contributes to the occurrence of reperfusion damage to body tissues [4, 20, 30].

In this regard, it is important to pay attention to the differences revealed in this study in the range of absolute values ​​of the level of pulse pressure in the studied groups of animals (under different conditions of functioning of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system), the pathogenetic significance of which in the development of POAG has been confirmed by other studies [2, 4, 31].

It is also known that in the development of age-related vascular diseases, for example, myocardium, brain, eye (such as myocardial infarction, stroke, POAG, etc.), not only the level of blood pressure is of great importance, but also the instability of hemodynamic parameters, which provokes progressive cell death due to the mechanism of reperfusion injury triggered in them [2–4, 20].

Recall that each cell, tissue, organ or living organism must constantly adapt to different environmental conditions in order to survive in the course of evolution. At the same time, the regulation of vascular tone even in an intact organism at different levels of the vascular bed (large and small arteries, capillaries, veins) has special mechanisms [1, 7, 9, 10, 11]. In conditions when local regulation of vascular tone is not carried out in full accordance with the needs of an organ or tissue, vascular dysregulation occurs. For example, genetically determined primary vascular dysregulation creates conditions for the occurrence of paradoxical vascular reactions to presented stimuli (for example, emotional, mechanical, thermal stress, cold, thirst, etc.) [3, 4, 8, 32, 33]. The molecular mechanisms of the development of primary vascular dysregulation have not been fully established, however, it has been proven that an organism functioning under conditions of primary vascular dysregulation has lower blood pressure (especially during sleep), higher pulse pressure, and pronounced sharp drops in blood pressure levels [7–11 , 20].

It is obvious that a genetically determined defect in the receptor supply of the body, including blood vessels, manifested by periodically occurring instability of the general and regional blood supply, also causes a consistent (also periodic) reperfusion damage to the blood-supplying tissue. At the same time, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species that accompanies tissue reperfusion injury leads to the development of chronic oxidative stress (especially in mitochondria), which primarily causes damage to all parts of the cell, and later can lead either to remodeling of this tissue or to its death, becoming morphological. a manifestation of a developing dystrophic process, including the age-related one [1, 4, 34].

The revealed features of the blood pressure of ADRA-1A, ADRA-1B and ADRA-1D male knockout mice in the morning allowed us to draw the following conclusions:

1B and ADRA-1D of all three experimental groups is significantly lower than in intact mice of the control group.

2. The level of mean pulse pressure in ADRA-1A and ADRA-1B knockout mice was significantly higher, and in ADRA-1D mice it was lower than in intact mice.

3. The range of absolute values ​​of pulse pressure in ADRA-1A knockout mice is the largest, and in ADRA-1B mice it is the smallest.

4. ADRA-1A mice are characterized by moderately low systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the highest mean pulse pressure, as well as the largest fluctuations in absolute pulse pressure compared to other studied lines of mice.

5. ADRA-1B mice are characterized by the highest levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure among all studied strains of mice with genetic defects in α1-adrenergic receptors.

6. ADRA-1D mice are characterized by the lowest systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the lowest values ​​of mean pulse pressure in comparison with other studied lines of mice.

Conclusion

The obtained results confirm the importance of the modulating influences of the autonomic nervous system and indicate the specific contribution of α1a-, α1b- and α1d-adrenergic receptor subtypes to the regulation of blood pressure, maintaining hemodynamic stability, as well as the potentially important role of the α1a-subtype in the first place adrenoreceptors in the pathogenesis of age-related degenerative diseases (for example, POAG) associated with the development of reperfusion and chronic oxidative tissue damage, which requires further in-depth study. In addition, it can be assumed that the predominance of some subtypes of α1-adrenergic receptors in the body and the absence (or insufficient expression) of other subtypes may underlie the development of primary vascular dysregulation.

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation as part of the academic exchange program (agreement with the researcher no. 91578056). The author is grateful to his colleague A. Gericke for his help in organizing the experiments.

The author declares no conflict of interest.

The author declares no conflicts of interest .



what to do, causes, treatment for rapid heart rate

I am 56 years old, and lately my pulse has started to accelerate for no reason. Moreover, this happens even if I do nothing, for example, I sit and watch TV or just drink tea.

I always thought that the pulse only increases with the pressure, but it is usually normal for me, even if the pulse is high. Therefore, I have several questions. Is it dangerous? Can the acceleration of the pulse be due to the fact that I have been nervous a lot lately? And is there a chance that this will go away on its own when times are calmer?

Daniil Davydov

medical journalist

Author’s profile

Your heart rate can really speed up due to stress. In this case, he will return to normal when you calm down. But sometimes an increased heart rate at rest can be a symptom of a dangerous illness.

To figure out what’s wrong, it’s worth going through an examination with a cardiologist.

Go see a doctor

Our articles are written with love for evidence-based medicine. We refer to authoritative sources and go to doctors with a good reputation for comments. But remember: the responsibility for your health lies with you and your doctor. We don’t write prescriptions, we give recommendations. Relying on our point of view or not is up to you.

Can the pulse increase without an increase in pressure

Heart rate, heart rate, is the number of heart beats per minute. When it contracts, blood pressure increases. As a result, the walls of the arteries begin to oscillate – and a pulse occurs.

What is heart rate and why measure it – American Heart Association, AHA

In healthy people, heart rate is synchronized with the pulse. But with some heart diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, blood does not enter the arteries with every heartbeat. Because of this, a pulse deficit occurs – a situation where the heart rate is higher than the pulse.

What is Pulse Deficit – Educational Project “Evidence-Based Medicine for All”

Although heart rate and blood pressure are related, they do not always rise at the same time (only available with VPN). For example, when people are frightened or very worried, the heart begins to beat faster. This helps deliver more oxygen-rich blood to the muscles and prepares the body for fight or flight. But whether this will increase blood pressure depends on the state of the blood vessels of a particular person.

What is the difference between blood pressure and pulse – AHA

If the vessels are healthy, when blood flow increases, their walls stretch, so that the pressure does not change or rises slightly. That is why in frightened young people usually only the heart rate increases, and the pressure remains stable.

What is stress – medical encyclopedia Medlineplus

But if a person has developed atherosclerosis, in which plaques of cholesterol and calcium form in the arteries, the walls of the vessels become less extensible. The older the person, the higher the likelihood that he will have atherosclerosis. Therefore, during stress in the elderly, both heart rate and blood pressure may increase.

How dangerous is the acceleration of the heart rate at rest

What should be the pulse. Heart rate is affected by many factors, from exercise and stress levels to body temperature and thirst. Therefore, it is customary to measure it at rest, that is, when a person is relaxed, does not want to drink and is not engaged in physical work.

In healthy people over 18 years of age, the pulse rate is usually in the range of 60-100 beats per minute. If the resting heart rate exceeds 100 beats, doctors call this condition tachycardia.

What is tachycardia – Mayo Clinic

Causes of tachycardia. Tachycardia may be physiological or pathological.

An overview of possible risk factors for cardiovascular disease – a medical guide for doctors Uptodate

Physiological tachycardia is the body’s normal response to external factors that contribute to the acceleration of the heartbeat. This is emotional stress, including anxiety and fear, drinking large amounts of caffeinated drinks, or certain medications. For example, over-the-counter vasoconstrictor drops, which relieve nasal congestion, can speed up your heart rate.

As soon as the person calms down, or the effect of caffeine or drugs ends, the pulse returns to normal. Therefore, physiological tachycardia usually does not harm healthy people.

/psychosomatics/

Stress is said to lead to allergies and hives. Is it true?

In pathological tachycardia, the pulse accelerates due to internal causes. That is, this is not a normal reaction of the body to external factors, but a symptom of some kind of disease. An attack of rapid heartbeat occurs unexpectedly and can last from a few seconds to several days (only available with VPN). Then the pulse returns to normal, and after a while, the accelerated heartbeat occurs again.

How dangerous an abnormal tachycardia is, depends on its causes. Health problems that lead to an acceleration of the heart rate at rest can be divided into two large types:

1. Causes not related to the work of the heart. For example, the heart rate may be accelerated due to an excess of thyroid hormones in hyperthyroidism. Or if the level of red blood cells – erythrocytes – decreases in the human body. This can happen due to internal bleeding or aplastic anemia. In this case, the health risk depends on the severity of the condition that led to the increase in heart rate.
2. Causes associated with disorders in the electrical conduction system of the heart. In this situation, the cells that control the contractions of the heart generate extra impulses that make the heart beat faster than necessary – as a result, the pulse also accelerates.

Causes of Resting Tachycardia – Harvard Medical School

Most of these types of disorders can live for years, but sometimes tachycardia can be life-threatening. The health risk depends on the age of the person, the state of his health and on which part of the electrically conductive system failed.

For example, in atrial tachycardia, abnormal impulses occur in the upper chambers of the heart. With this form of the disease, the likelihood of a heart attack and other serious complications is less than with ventricular tachycardia, when pathological impulses occur in the lower chambers of the heart.

What is atrial tachycardia – Medscape medical guide

What is ventricular tachycardia – Medscape

Source: mayoclinic.org Source: mayoclinic.org

Can tachycardia go away on its own

Physiological tachycardia goes away on its own. But to get rid of pathological tachycardia, you need to establish its cause and select the appropriate treatment.

Although the causes of physiological and pathological tachycardia are different, it can be difficult to distinguish them. Including because emotional stress can provoke an attack of not only physiological, but also some types of pathological tachycardia.

Stress-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias: Heart-Brain Interaction – Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine

Therefore, people who often complain of a rapid heartbeat should be examined by a cardiologist and find out the reason for which the pulse accelerates.

Adult Heart Rate Assessment – Uptodate

Your doctor will ask you about when and under what circumstances your heart rate tends to increase, how you feel about it, whether you or a family member have heart or other conditions, and What medications do you take.