Fibromyalgia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Fibromyalgia is a condition in which a person has long-term pain that is spread throughout the body. The pain is most often accompanied by fatigue, sleep problems, difficulty concentrating, headaches, depression, and anxiety.

People with fibromyalgia may also have tenderness in the joints, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues.

The cause of fibromyalgia is not known. Researchers think that it is due to a problem with how the central nervous system processes pain signals from nerves. Possible causes or triggers of fibromyalgia include:

• Physical or emotional trauma.
• Abnormal pain response: Areas in the brain that control pain may react differently in people with fibromyalgia.
• Sleep disturbances.
• Infection, such as a virus, although none has been identified.

Fibromyalgia is more common in females as compared to males.Women ages 20 to 50 are the most affected group of people.

The following conditions may be seen with fibromyalgia or have similar symptoms:

• Long-term (chronic) neck or back pain
• Long-term (chronic) fatigue syndrome
• Depression
• Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
• Lyme disease
• Sleep disorders

Widespread pain is the main symptom of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia appears to be on one end of a range of chronic widespread pain, which may be present in 10% to 15% of the general population. Fibromyalgia falls on the far end of that pain severity and chronicity scale and occurs in 1% to 5% of the general population.

The central feature of fibromyalgia is chronic pain in multiple sites. These sites are the head, each arm, the chest, the abdomen, each leg, the upper back and spine, and the lower back and spine (including the buttocks).

The pain may be mild to severe.

• It may feel like a deep ache, or a stabbing, burning pain.
• It may feel like it is coming from the joints, although the joints are not affected.

People with fibromyalgia tend to wake up with body pain and stiffness. For some people, pain improves during the day and gets worse at night. Some people have pain all day long.

Pain may get worse with:

• Physical activity
• Cold or damp weather
• Anxiety and stress

Most people with fibromyalgia have at least one of these symptoms: fatigue, depressed mood, or sleep problems. Many people say that they cannot get to sleep or stay asleep, and they feel tired when they wake up.

Other symptoms in people with fibromyalgia may include:

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• Memory and concentration problems
• Numbness and tingling in hands and feet
• Reduced ability to exercise
• Tension or migraine headaches

To be diagnosed with fibromyalgia, you must have had at least 3 months of widespread pain with one or more of the following:

• Ongoing problems with sleep
• Fatigue
• Thinking or memory problems

It is not necessary for the health care provider to find tender points during the exam to make a diagnosis.

Results from the physical exam, blood and urine tests, and imaging tests are normal. These tests may be done to check for other conditions with similar symptoms. Studies of breathing during sleeping may be done to find out if you have a condition called sleep apnea.

Fibromyalgia is common in every rheumatic disease and complicates diagnoses and therapy. These disorders include:

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Spondyloarthritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus

The goals of treatment are to help relieve pain and other symptoms, to reduce disability, and to help the person cope with the symptoms.

The first type of treatment may involve:

• Physical therapy
• Exercise and fitness program
• Stress-relief methods, including light massage and relaxation techniques

If these treatments do not work, your provider may also prescribe an antidepressant or muscle relaxant. Sometimes, combinations of medicines are helpful.

• The goal of these medicines is to improve your sleep and help you better tolerate pain.
• Medicine should be used along with exercise and behavior therapy.
• Duloxetine (Cymbalta), pregabalin (Lyrica), and milnacipran (Savella) are medicines that are approved specifically for treating fibromyalgia.

Other medicines are also used to treat the condition, such as:

• Anti-seizure drugs, such as gabapentin
• Other antidepressants, such as amitriptyline
• Muscle relaxants, such as cyclobenzaprine
• Pain relievers, such as tramadol

If you have sleep apnea, a device called continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may be prescribed.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an important part of treatment. This therapy helps you learn how to:

• Deal with negative thoughts
• Keep a diary of pain and symptoms
• Recognize what makes your symptoms worse
• Seek out enjoyable activities
• Set limits

Complementary and alternative treatments may also be helpful. These may include:

• Tai chi
• Yoga
• Acupuncture

Support groups may also help.

Things you can do to help take care of yourself include:

• Eat a well-balanced diet.
• Avoid caffeine.
• Practice a good sleep routine to improve quality of sleep.
• Exercise regularly. Start with low-level exercise.

There is no evidence that opioids are effective in the treatment of fibromyalgia, and studies have suggested possible adverse effects.

Referral to a clinic with special expertise in diagnosing and treating fibromyalgia may be helpful.

Fibromyalgia is a long-term disorder. Sometimes, the symptoms improve. Other times, the pain may get worse and continue for months or years.

Contact your provider if you have symptoms of fibromyalgia.

There is no known prevention.

Fibromyositis; FM; Fibrositis

• Fibromyalgia

Arnold LM, Clauw DJ. Challenges of implementing fibromyalgia treatment guidelines in current clinical practice. Postgrad Med. 2017;129(7):709-714. PMID: 28562155 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28562155/.

Borg-Stein J, Brassil ME, Borgstrom HE. Fibromyalgia. In: Frontera, WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 102.

Crofford LJ. Fibromyalgia. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, Koretzky GA, McInnes IB, O’Dell JR, eds. Firestein & Kelley’s Textbook of Rheumatology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 55.

Gilron I, Chaparro LE, Tu D, et al. Combination of pregabalin with duloxetine for fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2016;157(7):1532-1540. PMID: 26982602 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26982602/.

Goldenberg DL. Diagnosing fibromyalgia as a disease, an illness, a state, or a trait? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019;71(3):334-336. PMID: 30724034 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30724034/.

Lauche R, Cramer H, Häuser W, Dobos G, Langhorst J. A systematic overview of reviews for complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of the fibromyalgia syndrome. Evid-Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015:610615. doi:10.1155/2015/610615. PMID: 26246841 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26246841/.

López-Solà M, Woo CW, Pujol J, et al. Towards a neurophysiological signature for fibromyalgia. Pain. 2017;158(1):34-47. PMID: 27583567 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27583567/.

Minhas D, Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia and related syndromes. In: Hochberg MC, Gravallese EM, Silman AJ, Hejjde D, Weinblatt ME, Weisman MH, eds. Rheumatology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 88.

Wu YL, Chang LY, Lee HC, Fang SC, Tsai PS. Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. J Psychosom Res. 2017;96:89-97. PMID: 28545798 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28545798/.

Updated by: Neil J. Gonter, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Columbia University, NY and private practice specializing in Rheumatology at Rheumatology Associates of North Jersey, Teaneck, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Spotting COVID-19 and its Variants: General Symptoms List

Wednesday, January 5, 2022
Category: COVID-19

By CaroMont Health

After years of the pandemic, most individuals know the common symptoms of COVID-19. We also know that getting tested for COVID-19 (and isolating after a positive result) can help stop the spread. But the virus presents differently in different people: some experience mild symptoms or no symptoms at all, while others become severely ill, leading to hospitalization and in some cases, death. Recognizing COVID-19 can be challenging, but getting tested as soon as possible after an exposure or after symptoms appear remains so important.

As new and highly-transmissible variants continue to spread across our region, including Delta and the even more contagious Omicron variants, do you know what symptoms you should be looking for? Read on to learn some general symptoms that indicate your need to be tested for COVID-19:

General Symptoms of COVID-19:
-Fever or chills
-Cough
-Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
-Fatigue
-Muscle or body aches
-Headache
-New loss of taste or smell
-Sore throat
-Congestion or runny nose
-Nausea or vomiting
-Diarrhea

General Symptoms of the COVID-19 Omicron Variant:
-Dry cough
-Fever
-Night sweats
-Body pain
-Runny nose
-Headache
-Fatigue
-Sneezing
-Sore throat

General Symptoms of the COVID-19 Delta Variant:
-Headache
-Sore throat
-Runny nose
-Fever

General Symptoms of Seasonal Flu:
-Fever or feeling feverish/chills
-Cough
-Sore throat
-Runny or stuffy nose
-Muscle or body aches
-Headaches
-Fatigue
-Vomiting and diarrhea

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to get tested as soon as possible and limit your interactions with others until you have your test results. Find a testing location near you: https://covid19.ncdhhs.gov/about-covid-19/testing/find-my-testing-place

The best way to protect yourself and those you love from COVID-19 is to get vaccinated as soon as possible. All individuals over the age of 5 are eligible and studies continue to show that the COVID-19 vaccines and boosters provide significant protection against severe illness, hospitalization and death. Learn more about vaccination against seasonal flu and COVID-19 on our website.

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Headaches and body aches

Where do headaches and body weakness come from

Each of us in our lives has suffered from inexplicable causes of headaches, which may indicate a number of diseases that require treatment. Pain classification:

• Pressing
• Pulsating
• Sharp

1. Primary head pain is an independent ailment that occurs in more than 90% of diagnosed patients.
2. Secondary develops as a result of previously crossed migraines, which is characteristic of the weaker sex of humanity at the age of 35-45 years. Symptoms are regular attacks, repeated more than 2-3 times a month. Migraine has a pulsating nature of pain symptoms, and its focus occurs in the local area of ​​the face – at the temple, forehead, back of the head, eyes.

Initially, the pain is localized at the back of the head and gradually moves to the front of the head. Unpleasant sensations are exacerbated by moving the head. The most common symptoms are photophobia, fear of noise, harsh sounds, reaction to sunlight. Most often, the disease is characterized by nausea and drowsiness.

There is another type of disease – tension headache, which is episodic and chronic. Unlike migraine, pain in TTH is pressing rather than throbbing, like a hoop squeezing around the circumference. It can be localized on the back of the head, neck and trapezium. In rare cases, they are accompanied by other symptoms, despite the fact that a small number of patients notice unimpressive dizziness and nausea.

Cluster pain refers to seasonal flare-ups with alternating attacks in remission. The causes of the manifestation of such an ailment have not been established to this day, however, the symptoms of the manifestation of the disease are similar to headaches with migraines.

Where does muscle pain come from

Myalgia is one of the most common problems that patients present with when they experience muscle pain. The causes of such ailments may be:

• Infectious or neuralgic diseases
• Rheumatic effects
• Injuries, bruises, tears, sprains
• Inflammatory processes
• Side effects after taking drugs
• Toxic effect
• Metabolic disorders
• Stress
• Subcooling

Chronic fatigue and weakening of the body can be caused by a number of other reasons associated with equally serious concomitant diseases, which should be diagnosed in time so as not to trigger irreversible processes.

Prevention and treatment of headaches in the clinic “Modus” Kyiv

We offer high-quality, effective and reliable treatment with kinesitherapy, which is a safe exercise therapy. For each patient, an individual program of physical activity is developed, which is performed on rehabilitation simulators under the strict supervision of a specialist. Optimal loads allow you to get rid of pain in muscles, joints, ligaments and reduce the likelihood of progression of chronic diseases caused by unreasonable headaches or serious symptoms of diseases.

To apply for admission to Racha, just contact the managers at the phone numbers listed on the website.

Omicron symptoms. How they get sick with omicron – January 23, 2022

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People began to get sick in entire offices. A colleague infects a colleague, and soon the entire department is on sick leave

Photo: Aleksandra Savelyeva / 76.RU

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Russia is approaching the peak of the coronavirus incidence – the fifth wave is in full swing, our colleagues from tell Doctor Peter . According to various estimates, from 70 to 90% of patients in the capital became infected with omicron. According to virologist Alexander Lukashev, most Russians will recover from the omicron strain within two weeks. The peak of infection is expected in the coming days, then the wave will rapidly decline.

According to The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Russian healthcare will peak on February 9 and require 133.2 thousand beds, which is comparable to the load of hospitals in November 2021 , write Vedomosti.

The British have released an update on the omicron: how the symptoms differ when infected with a new strain of coronavirus compared to delta and depending on age, gender, vaccination status and day from infection. The scientists analyzed 182,000 omicron cases and 88,000 delta cases. The symptoms of omicron were assessed in the first 3–4 days of illness.

— With omicron, 89.8% of detected cases were symptomatic, with delta — 85.5%, — Russian independent analyst Alexander Dragan sums up the conclusions of scientists. – The number of symptoms in delta and omicron did not differ: the median number of symptoms that the patient experienced was 4 (IQR 2−6). Symptoms for omicron and delta are almost identical. There are only two minor exceptions.

Omicron is much more likely to cause sore throat (53% versus 34% for delta). But at the same time, a sore throat cannot be considered a symptom specific to omicron.

Scientists note that these symptoms of omicron are typical for those who have already had covid or contracted it after vaccination. Signs of covid when infected with omicron in those who have not had COVID-19 and have not been vaccinated are likely to be different.

– The effectiveness of “Sputnik” with revaccination – 75%. How was it determined? By experience. On January 7, four of us – with a friend and our wives – were in a nightclub in Moscow. We spent about 5-6 hours there, sat together, danced, talked. On January 10, a friend’s wife fell ill (she had four vaccinations with Sputnik), said Max Popov, founder of the Vaccines for Covid. Personal experience: Project V1V2.

– Severe weakness, sore throat in the evening, temperature 37.1 at night. The next day – weakness, a slight increase in sore throat, rare coughing, sore throat, hoarseness, rare sneezing (2-3 times a day), temperature 37-37.2. On the third day – sore throat, perspiration (intensification), a slight increase in cough (cough at the level of the throat, provoked by an inflammatory process), the appearance of a small amount of snot and slight nasal congestion, temperature 36.9-37.1 (morning).

PCR positive, her husband negative (6 Sputnik, 2 KoviVac). Me and my wife have no symptoms since the recent revaccination.

Vaccinated and revaccinated, if they get sick symptomatically, it is much easier, at the level of mild SARS, without high fever and other problems.

Those who have been vaccinated tolerate the new strain of coronavirus better than those who are not vaccinated

Photo: Alexander Oshchepkov / NGS.RU

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A Russian resuscitator who had experience in inpatient work with covid last year told on his Facebook blog how he felt after being infected with omicron.

“First of all, the new covid is DIFFERENT AT ALL,” the doctor says. “The symptoms are different, the course is different, in general, without looking at the test results, it’s hard to even think about covid, it’s so different from the previous options. More like a vigorous rhinovirus or an average flu.

The incubation period is very short – one or two days, begins most often with catarrhal phenomena and a runny nose, cough is an infrequent visitor. There is no loss of smell in most cases. Many have laryngitis with a change in voice. Cough, as a rule, joins at the stage of recovery, that is, like in the same rhinovirus. There is asthenia, headache, pain in the muscles at the height of temperature, encephalopathy was not observed.

Due to the large number of almost simultaneously ill people, it is often very difficult to determine from whom exactly you personally got infected. Several options, as a rule, and all of the hundred pounds.

The temperature period is not very long – 2-3 days, sometimes even a day. Of those vaccinated, the vast majority have a temperature that does not exceed 38 degrees (in fact, it is the same for me), or without any increase in temperature at all. The unvaccinated have a more stable temperature and still go to hospitals (thank God, none of my friends are in intensive care at the moment).

“I have a terrible runny nose, my nose is running for the fourth day, and already an hour after instillation it starts to stuff again. The temperature is unbroken between 37.5 and 38, after paracetamol it can drop to 37.3, but quickly returns. The headache is similar to a migraine. For the first 2 days I sneezed terribly, I thought the capillaries in my nose would burst, it stings in my nose, it gives pain to my head. Chills, and at night – in sweat, with the last virus it was the same, but this time the muscles do not hurt, only the head hurts. The eyes are watery, all the sinuses are inflamed, as if the virus was localized somewhere in the nose. There is no cough yet, my throat was tickling only the first day, but I quickly stopped it with sucking tablets from a sore throat. Therefore, only a malicious runny nose, a temperature that cannot be knocked down, and a headache torment me. The head seems to be clear, there is no such fatigue that you can’t get up straight from the bed, either. I sleep a lot, eat little, drink a lot, ”- Ekaterina.

“At work in my department, three out of four developers got sick. Positive tests came in today. Two of them, who were not sick, vaccinated with Sputnik, get sick quite easily. One – not vaccinated, who had been ill a year ago with pneumonia – is ill moderately, much easier than the first call. I (covid – a year ago, vaccinations – six months ago) are still completely healthy. From contact to the onset of symptoms in all no more than a day! Symptoms – cough, runny nose, headache. Temperature – a short-term rise above 38, and return to normal, ”- Ivan.

“Temperature – 37.8. It broke scary. There is no cough at all, but the joints, lower back, head hurt terribly. The same case – if it is a mild form, then it is still a nightmare. I feel disgusting. By the way, I have been vaccinated against the flu, ”Anna.

“My schoolboy son fell ill. Antigen test positive, brought from school, sore throat. Now the temperature is 39, badly knocked down. We were really looking forward to the vaccine, but we didn’t have time,” Vladimir.

“All of them fell ill at work (almost 100%). The symptoms are the same for everyone: a sore throat, a headache, weakness, a runny nose, a temperature of 37.5–39, mild cough. The temperature drops on days 2–5,” Alexander.

“I live in Germany, vaccinated with full Sputnik in spring and full Pfizer in summer, I am 38 years old. I just had a coronavirus (PCR confirmed). During the whole illness, the condition is good, there is no temperature, the body does not ache, the head does not hurt, the appetite is good, I continue to work remotely. All the symptoms are local, but a stuffy nose and a poor sense of smell greatly interfere with life. It felt like the disease began somewhere down in the throat and gradually rose upward. Treatment – a lot of tea and warm water. When taking a PCR, a German doctor said to drink a lot, ventilate the room and, if necessary, bring down the temperature, ”Olga.

Infographics: Polina Avdoshina

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Starting next week, 30% of the employees of the regional government, city and district administrations in the Chelyabinsk region will go away due to covid.