What is anasarca and how does it differ from typical edema. What are the common causes of anasarca and how is it diagnosed. What treatments are available for anasarca and how can it be managed at home.

Understanding Anasarca: A Comprehensive Overview

Anasarca, also known as extreme generalized edema, is a condition characterized by severe swelling throughout the entire body. Unlike typical edema, which may affect specific areas, anasarca involves widespread fluid retention that can significantly impact mobility and quality of life. This comprehensive guide will delve into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for anasarca, providing valuable insights for those affected by or interested in this condition.

Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms of Anasarca

Identifying anasarca early is crucial for effective management and treatment. The primary symptom of anasarca is extensive swelling that affects the whole body. This swelling is often so severe that it can make movement difficult. Other signs and symptoms may include:

• Stretched, shiny skin
• Difficulty breathing due to fluid accumulation in the lungs
• Rapid weight gain
• Decreased urine output
• Fatigue and weakness

Is anasarca painful? While the condition itself is not typically painful, the extreme swelling can cause discomfort and limit mobility. In some cases, the stretched skin may become sensitive or prone to breakdown, leading to secondary complications.

Common Causes of Anasarca: Unraveling the Underlying Conditions

Anasarca is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Understanding the root causes is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Some of the most common causes of anasarca include:

1. Kidney Disease

When kidney function is impaired, the body’s ability to remove excess fluid is compromised. This can lead to fluid accumulation in the tissues, resulting in anasarca. Chronic kidney disease and acute kidney failure are both potential culprits.

2. Liver Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis, often caused by chronic liver disease, can disrupt the body’s hormonal balance and fluid regulation. As liver function declines, it may cause fluid to leak into the tissues, contributing to anasarca.

3. Heart Failure

Poor heart function can impair the body’s ability to pump blood efficiently. When the heart struggles to circulate blood, fluid can build up in the tissues, leading to widespread swelling.

4. Malnutrition

Severe protein deficiency, often seen in cases of malnutrition, can cause fluid to accumulate in the tissues. This is because proteins play a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance within the body.

5. Severe Allergic Reactions

In rare cases, severe allergic reactions can trigger anasarca. This is typically seen in anaphylaxis, where the body’s immune response leads to widespread inflammation and fluid accumulation.

Can medication cause anasarca? Yes, certain medications can contribute to the development of anasarca. Common culprits include steroids and some blood pressure medications, such as amlodipine. If medication-induced anasarca is suspected, discontinuing the medication under medical supervision often resolves the symptoms.

Diagnosing Anasarca: The Path to Identifying the Underlying Cause

Accurate diagnosis of anasarca is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. The diagnostic process typically involves:

1. Physical examination: A healthcare provider will assess the extent and distribution of swelling.
2. Medical history review: This helps identify potential risk factors or underlying conditions.
3. Blood tests: These can evaluate kidney and liver function, as well as protein levels.
4. Imaging studies: Ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs may be used to assess organ function and fluid accumulation.
5. Urine tests: These can provide information about kidney function and protein loss.

How is anasarca differentiated from localized edema? The key difference lies in the extent of swelling. While localized edema affects specific areas of the body, anasarca involves widespread, severe swelling that impacts the entire body.

Treatment Approaches for Anasarca: Addressing the Root Cause and Symptoms

The treatment of anasarca focuses on addressing the underlying condition while also managing the symptoms of fluid retention. Common treatment approaches include:

1. Diuretics

Diuretic medications, also known as “water pills,” are often the first line of treatment for anasarca. These drugs work by increasing urine production, helping the body eliminate excess fluid. Common types of diuretics used in anasarca treatment include:

• Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
• Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone)
• Thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide)

The choice of diuretic, dosage, and administration route depend on the severity of swelling and the underlying condition.

2. Albumin Replacement

In cases where anasarca is caused by low albumin levels, albumin replacement therapy may be beneficial. Albumin is a protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance within the body. Administering albumin intravenously can help restore proper fluid distribution.

3. Treating the Underlying Condition

Addressing the root cause of anasarca is essential for long-term management. This may involve:

• Kidney disease treatment: Dialysis or medications to improve kidney function
• Liver disease management: Lifestyle changes, medications, or liver transplant in severe cases
• Heart failure treatment: Medications, lifestyle modifications, or surgical interventions
• Nutritional support: Addressing malnutrition through dietary changes and supplements

4. Compression Therapy

While not a primary treatment for anasarca, compression garments or bandages may be used to help reduce swelling in specific areas and improve comfort.

How long does it take for anasarca to resolve? The timeline for recovery varies depending on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. Some cases may improve within days or weeks, while others may require ongoing management.

Home Management Strategies for Anasarca: Supporting Treatment and Recovery

In addition to medical treatment, there are several strategies that can be implemented at home to help manage anasarca and support recovery:

1. Fluid and Salt Restriction

Limiting fluid intake and reducing salt consumption can help prevent further fluid retention. A healthcare provider can provide specific guidelines based on individual needs.

2. Elevation

Elevating swollen limbs when resting can help promote fluid drainage and reduce swelling.

3. Skin Care

Proper skin care is crucial to prevent complications such as skin breakdown or infections. This includes keeping the skin clean and dry, using moisturizers, and inspecting the skin regularly for any changes.

4. Physical Activity

Gentle exercise, as tolerated and recommended by a healthcare provider, can help improve circulation and reduce fluid retention.

5. Monitoring Weight

Regular weight monitoring can help track fluid retention and alert healthcare providers to any sudden changes.

Can dietary changes help manage anasarca? Yes, a low-sodium diet is often recommended to help reduce fluid retention. Additionally, ensuring adequate protein intake can support proper fluid balance in the body.

Complications and Prognosis: Understanding the Long-term Outlook of Anasarca

While anasarca itself is a symptom rather than a disease, it can lead to several complications if left untreated:

• Skin breakdown and infections
• Reduced mobility and muscle weakness
• Respiratory difficulties due to fluid accumulation in the lungs
• Increased risk of blood clots
• Potential organ damage due to prolonged fluid retention

The prognosis for anasarca largely depends on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. In many cases, prompt and appropriate treatment can lead to significant improvement and resolution of symptoms. However, for chronic conditions such as advanced kidney or liver disease, ongoing management may be necessary.

What factors influence the prognosis of anasarca? The severity of the underlying condition, the patient’s overall health status, and the timeliness of treatment all play crucial roles in determining the long-term outlook for individuals with anasarca.

Prevention Strategies: Minimizing the Risk of Anasarca

While not all cases of anasarca can be prevented, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk or minimize the severity of the condition:

1. Managing underlying health conditions: Proper control of conditions such as heart disease, kidney disease, and liver disease can help prevent anasarca.
2. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption can support overall health and reduce the risk of conditions that may lead to anasarca.
3. Monitoring medication side effects: Being aware of potential side effects of medications and reporting any unusual swelling to a healthcare provider promptly.
4. Regular health check-ups: Routine medical examinations can help detect early signs of conditions that may lead to anasarca.
5. Proper hydration: Maintaining adequate hydration while avoiding excessive fluid intake, especially in individuals with compromised heart or kidney function.

Is anasarca preventable in all cases? While not all instances of anasarca can be prevented, many cases can be avoided or minimized through proper management of underlying health conditions and adherence to a healthy lifestyle.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Anasarca Management

As medical understanding of anasarca and its underlying causes continues to evolve, researchers are exploring new approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Some areas of ongoing research include:

1. Biomarkers for Early Detection

Scientists are investigating potential biomarkers that could allow for earlier detection of conditions leading to anasarca, enabling more timely intervention.

2. Novel Diuretic Therapies

Research is ongoing to develop new diuretic medications with improved efficacy and fewer side effects, potentially offering better options for managing fluid retention.

3. Targeted Therapies for Underlying Conditions

Advancements in treatments for kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, and heart failure may indirectly improve outcomes for patients with anasarca by addressing the root causes more effectively.

4. Personalized Medicine Approaches

The field of personalized medicine holds promise for tailoring anasarca treatments to individual patients based on their genetic profiles and specific underlying conditions.

What potential breakthroughs are on the horizon for anasarca treatment? While specific breakthroughs are difficult to predict, ongoing research in areas such as gene therapy, regenerative medicine, and novel drug delivery systems may eventually lead to more effective and targeted treatments for anasarca and its underlying causes.

In conclusion, anasarca represents a significant medical challenge that requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and management. By understanding the underlying causes, recognizing the symptoms, and implementing appropriate treatment strategies, individuals affected by anasarca can work towards improved outcomes and quality of life. As research continues to advance our understanding of this condition, we can look forward to more effective and personalized approaches to managing anasarca in the future.

Anasarca: Causes, treatment, and definition

Anasarca is general swelling of the whole body that can occur when the tissues of the body retain too much fluid. The condition is also known as extreme generalized edema.

Accumulation of fluid may occur due to any illnesses and conditions that change the proteins of the body, affect the balance of fluids, or create abnormalities in the blood vessels or lymphatic system.

Often, if anasarca is present, it is a sign of severe organ damage or illness.

Share on PinterestAnasarca is a symptom of a condition, and may be diagnosed with a physical assessment.

It is helpful to understand that anasarca is not a disease itself. Instead, it is a symptom or result of a medical condition.

Anasarca is different than typical edema. Almost everyone experiences swelling at some time, which can be due to a variety of causes, such as an injury, dehydration, or a minor side effect of medication.

In many instances, swelling or edema may only affect a specific part of the body, such as the feet, hands, or legs.

But with anasarca, the swelling involves the whole body and is considered severe. For example, the swelling is often so severe it makes movement difficult.

It is essential to find out what is causing anasarca to treat it accurately. For example, if kidney disease is causing anasarca, treatment is needed to assist kidney function.

Also, doctors often prescribe medications to treat the severe swelling.

Diuretics

Doctors often prescribe drugs called diuretics. Diuretics work by helping the kidneys release more salt into the urine, which causes the release of more fluid through urination.

The two main types of diuretics prescribed for anasarca include potassium-sparing and loop diuretics. Diuretics are either taken by mouth or given through an intravenous line (IV). The choice of diuretic, the dose, and the route of administration vary according to the severity of the swelling and the underlying condition that is causing anasarca.

Albumin

Albumin is a protein made by the body that is necessary for a variety of important functions, including balancing fluid. In cases of poor nutrition and certain serious medical conditions, the level of albumin can become too low. When this occurs fluid from the bloodstream is pushed out into the tissues causing swelling. In some cases, replacing albumin can help correct this problem.

Recovery

A doctor may recommend additional home treatments to speed recovery. Monitoring fluid and salt intake is important to prevent any swelling from getting worse. Salt can increase fluid retention, which is why people who have severe edema need to reduce their salt intake.

Share on PinterestWhen intravenous fluids are administered excessively, it may increase the risk of anasarca.

Anasarca can develop due to a variety of causes. Some conditions that may lead to anasarca are widespread, while others are considered rare.

The most common causes of anasarca include:

• Excess administration of intravenous fluids: Intravenous fluids are often administered in the hospital to treat several conditions, such as shock, dehydration, and infection. But if the body cannot adapt to the fluids given, it can lead to severe edema
• Kidney disease: When kidney function is impaired, fluid is not removed from the body adequately, which can cause anasarca.
• Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis can occur due to liver failure. Liver disease can cause changes in the hormones that affect fluid regulation in the body. When the liver does not work as efficiently as it should, it can cause fluid to leak into the tissues.
• Malnutrition: Malnutrition, specifically protein deficiency in the diet, can cause fluid to accumulate in the tissues. In extreme cases, it can lead to anasarca.
• Poor heart function: When the muscle of the heart does not work correctly, it affects how well the heart pumps blood throughout the body. If the heart is not pumping efficiently, it can cause fluid to build up in the tissues.
• Allergic reaction: Swelling of the body can occur due to an allergic reaction. In severe reactions, anasarca can develop.

Less common causes include:

Capillary leak syndrome

Capillary leak syndrome occurs when protein and fluid leak out of the blood vessels into the tissues of the body. The cause is not well understood, but it is believed to be due to inflammation and blood vessel injury. It has been shown to occur in relation to some medications and toxins.

According to one case study, capillary leak syndrome can develop as a result of certain cancer medications, such as gemcitabine. Another case was reported following a snakebite.

A side effect of medication

Various medications can lead to anasarca. The most common types of medication that might cause swelling include steroids and blood pressure drugs, such as amlodipine. Discontinuing the medication will often resolve symptoms of anasarca as indicated in this case report.

Share on PinterestAnasarca causes obvious swelling of the body. In some cases, when the skin is pressed an indentation will remain after pressure is released.

The main symptom of anasarca is swelling of the body. The swelling is obvious, and the skin may look shiny and stretched. Sometimes, swelling is so extreme that a person has difficulty moving.

Swelling can become so severe that fluid will leak out directly from the skin. This is known as weeping edema.

Pitting edema may also develop. Pitting edema occurs when pressure is applied to the swollen skin, and a dimple or indentation remains after the pressure is released.

The swelling often causes additional symptoms including:

• trouble walking if the legs are swollen
• difficulty lifting arms
• increased heart rate
• aching joints
• difficulty breathing

A life-threatening complication of anasarca can also develop if fluid accumulates in the lungs. Fluid in the lungs is called pulmonary edema, and it can quickly become an emergency. Signs of pulmonary edema include chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing.

A doctor can usually make a diagnosis of anasarca after a physical exam; and if the edema is severe, a doctor can often recognize it instantly. However, determining the underlying cause of anasarca requires further tests.

A blood test is often the first step in making a diagnosis of anasarca. Blood is tested to check the function of organs including the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys.

A doctor will also take a medical history to help determine whether any underlying medical conditions are causing the fluid retention. A doctor may also recommend other diagnostic tests, such as an echocardiogram, a chest X-ray, and a stress test to evaluate heart and lung function.

Anasarca often occurs due to severe organ damage or illness. It may interfere with a person’s ability to perform everyday activities and can greatly decrease their quality of life. But with proper treatment, swelling can often be reduced. Although medication can help treat the condition, anasarca might return if the underlying cause cannot be corrected.

The outlook for people with anasarca often depends on identifying the cause. In many instances, by the time anasarca has developed, the underlying condition has progressed to a critical state.

Treating problems with the heart, lungs, kidneys, and liver early on is the best chance of preventing and controlling anasarca in many cases.

Leaking Lymph? Lymphorrhea Explained.

Leaking Lymph? Lymphorrhea Explained.

Published: 13 February, 2023

By
Lympha Press

lymphorrhea

This is a 5-minute read.

Experiencing lymphorrhea is often confusing and overwhelming. Lymphorrhea is a side effect of lymphedema in which lymph, under the skin, starts to leak out.

Imagine a pinhole leak in a gallon jug of milk. The first thing you may notice is a single drop of milk on the jug, so you wipe it off and look for proof of a leak—but everything looks fine. When you return the next morning and open the refrigerator door, you see there is a puddle of milk at the base of the jug.

Lymphorrhea can be much like this pinhole leak because lymph takes the path of least resistance, and a tiny opening in the skin can result in a continual escape of lymph. Much like the milk jug the following morning, over time the leak can increase, the pinhole can increase in size, and the fluid will accumulate, causing another issue. 

This article will help you understand what it’s like to have lymphorrhea and who’s at the highest risk of experiencing it. We’ll look at its common symptoms as well as effective treatments for managing the condition.

What is Lymphorrhea?

Lymphorrhea is an abnormal lymph fluid flow that occurs when the pressure from swelling inside the tissue is too high for the skin to contain or there is an opening to the skin’s surface. A doctor may diagnose lymphorrhea after a patient reports an open wound or skin that has begun to leak.

The hallmark of lymphorrhea is the discharge of a light amber-colored fluid that flows, trickles, or beads up from the skin around an opening in the skin. This protein-rich fluid is known as lymph and isn’t usually present on the skin’s exterior.

Lymphorrhea is considered a potential complication of lymphedema. Both lymphorrhea and lymphedema are also potential complications of health circumstances such as receiving cancer treatment, venous insufficiency, or the result of inborn malformations of the lymphatic system. 

Edema is also not the same as lymphorrhea, but they are sometimes interrelated. Edema is swelling that occurs when excess fluid is trapped in the body and can’t redisperse normally through the body’s fluid movement systems. 

If you believe you may have edema, lymphedema, lymphorrhea, or any similar condition, see a doctor for a skin check and a proper diagnosis. Ample scientific research has shown that early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to successfully managing the long-term impacts of lymphatic disorders.

What are Lymphorrhea Symptoms?

The most common early symptoms of lymphorrhea are tightness and swelling of the skin. Seeping fluid is another common symptom, including the presence of tiny droplets of fluid beading up on the skin.

Other frequent lymphorrhea symptoms include a sensation of extremely cold or hot skin, wet skin that won’t dry, blisters, cracks/breaks in the skin, and deep pain within the skin. Some patients report feeling a sensation of tightness or dripping in the skin even if they can’t tell exactly where it’s located or why it’s occurring. Fever or shifts in body temperature can also be symptoms of lymphorrhea that may indicate a secondary infection. 

Discuss these symptoms with a doctor. Left untreated, lymphorrhea can progress into an infection and become serious. 

Who is Susceptible to Lymphorrhea?

Fluid accumulation in fresh wounds significantly raises the risk of lymphorrhea, so beware of any wound with excessive fluid buildup. Almost any trauma to the body, including surgery and skin treatments, brings the potential to raise the risk of lymphorrhea.

Anyone with primary or secondary lymphedema is at a higher risk of developing lymphorrhea. A family history of either lymphedema or lymphorrhea could be a contributing factor, so share your family and health history with your doctor to help them make the best diagnosis.

What Does it Feel Like to Have Lymphorrhea?

People with lymphorrhea may experience discomfort and embarrassment as they work to manage the symptoms of the condition. Many people with lymphorrhea first notice it because their shoes or socks seem to stay wet all the time, which is due to fluid slowly seeping from the feet or ankles.

It’s important to stay in tune with your body. Wound care is a constant concern for people with lymphorrhea. Wounds should be checked daily to determine their status and wound treatment should be applied as directed by a doctor.

People who have lymphedema may feel that they are on constant alert for seeping fluids and skin changes. Although this can be mentally and emotionally draining, vigilance is key to limiting the progression of lymphorrhea to a more severe stage. If redness, heat, or pain develop in the affected area, it’s important to seek medical attention as it could indicate a cellulitis infection.

How is Lymphorrhea Treated?

Skincare is a vital aspect of lymphorrhea treatment. Keeping the skin clean and moisturized to prevent cracks in the skin is a proactive approach that can help to prevent lymphorrhea from worsening.

Always consult with a doctor to determine appropriate use of wraps, bandages, or garments to help you manage your lymphorrhea. You may be prescribed special medication or topical treatments made specifically for your condition.

Certain compression pumps for lymphedema can be safely used in conjunction with lymphorrhea care. Numerous clinical studies and doctors’ recommendations support the benefits of Lympha Press pneumatic compression devices for a variety of conditions. 

To learn more about your treatment options, discuss your lymphorrhea with your doctor or contact Lympha Press.

Will lymph cleansing help you become healthier?

There are many myths associated with the lymphatic system: weight loss consultants advertise lymphatic drainage massage, cosmetologists advise cleansing the lymph to get rid of facial puffiness and cellulite, and unscrupulous doctors claim that clean lymph is the key to reliable immunity, and even offer to treat it with cleansing even oncological diseases .

In this article we will answer questions about what is the lymphatic system, what are its functions and whether “cleansing” the lymph can get rid of health problems.

Contents

• What is the lymph and the lymphatic system?
• What does the lymphatic system consist of?
• Diseases of the lymphatic system
• Lymphatic drainage massage: myths and facts

What is the lymph and the lymphatic system?

Lymph is a transparent yellowish liquid, which is one of the components of the internal environment of our body. It is formed like this: about 20 liters of blood plasma passes through our arteries, blood vessels and capillaries every day. After the blood delivers nutrients to cells and tissues, and also takes away their waste products, about 17 liters of blood remain, which return to the bloodstream through the veins. The remaining three liters of fluid seep through the capillaries into the tissues of our body – this is the lymph. It is collected by the lymphatic system (a whole network of organs and tissues – we will talk about its composition a little later), moves through the body and eventually returns to the bloodstream.

The composition of lymph is generally similar to the composition of blood plasma, but not identical to it: lymph is much richer in white blood cells, especially lymphocytes – cells of the immune system (they are formed in the lymph nodes). The lymph that forms in the human digestive system is called chyle and is rich in triglycerides (fats).

The lymphatic system performs the following functions:

1. Maintains the level of fluid in our body: as we said, it collects the fluid that leaks from cells and tissues throughout the body and returns it to the bloodstream.
2. Takes away fats and some other substances absorbed from the digestive tract. The lymph transports them into the bloodstream.
3. Protects the body from infections. The lymphatic system is an essential part of the immune system because lymphocytes and other immune cells that detect and destroy bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi are produced in organs that are parts of the lymphatic system.
4. Transports and removes waste products and abnormal cells.

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

The most important difference between the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system is that the lymphatic system is not closed and does not have a central organ such as the heart. The fluid in it moves slowly and under little pressure.

There are many components in the lymphatic system. These, in addition to the lymph itself, include:

● Lymph nodes are glands that control the composition of the lymph and purify it. The nodes filter out damaged and abnormal cells. In addition, lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system mature and store in the lymph nodes, which attack and destroy bacteria, viruses and other harmful elements. Most likely, you know that there are lymph nodes in the neck (behind the ears), in the armpit and in the groin – but this is only a small part of them. There are about 600 lymph nodes in our body, they are located either one by one or in groups. The nodes are connected to the lymphatic vessels.

● Lymph vessels is a network of vessels and capillaries located throughout the body. It is they who take the lymph from the tissues and carry it through the body to larger vessels – the ducts and trunks.

● Lymphatic ducts and trunks , connected to large veins, “receive” lymph from the vessels and send it – through the veins – back into the bloodstream. This allows you to maintain a normal volume of blood in the body.

In addition to the “transport” parts, the lymphatic system includes other organs.

● Spleen . This largest organ of the lymphatic system is located on the left under the ribs, behind the stomach. The spleen produces lymphocytes that fight infections; filters out bacteria, protozoa and other foreign particles; destroys old and damaged platelets and red blood cells, sending their remains to the liver (which contributes to the formation of bile).

● Thymus or thymus . This organ is located in the upper part of the chest, just behind the sternum. T-lymphocytes are formed in the thymus – these are special immune cells that are responsible for recognizing and destroying dangerous cells that carry foreign antigens.

● Tonsils . These are accumulations of lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx and oral cavity. They are the “first line” of our defense against infections. The tonsils trap pathogens in food and air, and recently scientists have found that these organs are also capable of producing T-lymphocytes.

● Bone marrow . This is a soft spongy tissue located in the inner cavity of the bones. The bone marrow is responsible for the processes of hematopoiesis, producing leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets.

● Peyer’s patches . These are small collections of lymphatic tissue in the mucous membrane that lines the intestines. These lymphoid formations prevent pathogens entering the gastrointestinal tract from entering the bloodstream.

● Appendix . It contains lymphoid tissue that destroys bacteria before they break through the intestinal wall into the body. In addition, studies have allowed scientists to suggest that the appendix serves as a kind of “storage” for beneficial intestinal bacteria and helps to re-populate the intestines with them after its microflora has been disturbed for any reason. So this organ, which we used to think of as a rudimentary “useless” appendage, is actually not so useless.

Diseases of the lymphatic system

Like all other organs and systems of our body, the lymphatic system is susceptible to disease. In addition, “malfunctions” with different parts of the lymphatic system can be symptoms of other problems.

● So, one of the most common “alarm signals” is enlargement (inflammation) of the lymph nodes . Knots on the neck and under the jaw increase with SARS, influenza, inflammation of the ear or teeth; enlarged lymph nodes under the arm may indicate an inflammatory process in the mammary gland . .. The range of problems that swollen lymph nodes speak of is very wide – from viral infections to oncological diseases, therefore, if the inflammation does not go away, this is a reason to see a doctor.

● Lymphocytosis – an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood – can also be a sign of a number of diseases, such as mononucleosis, hepatitis, whooping cough or tuberculosis.

● Another disorder of the lymphatic system – lymphedema (or lymphostasis ). This is an accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space, which occurs due to a violation of the transport of lymph, and is usually observed in the arms or legs – the limbs swell. Lymphedema can be either congenital (for example, genetically determined Milroy’s disease) or acquired (it is provoked, for example, by surgical intervention in the area of ​​the lymph nodes associated with the treatment of cancer).

Lymphedema cannot be completely cured, but its severity can be significantly reduced. If this is not done, complications are possible – skin diseases up to oncological ones.

● Lymphoma is a cancer that affects the lymph tissue and occurs when lymphocytes grow and multiply uncontrollably. There are several types of tumors – Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s.

The first symptoms of these cancers are swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits and groin.

● Lymphangitis is an inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. The most common cause is infection with streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus. With lymphangitis, narrow red stripes appear on the skin, they can thicken and hurt, and the body temperature rises.

● Quite common is a disease such as tonsillitis – inflammation of the tonsils. They swell, hurt, make swallowing difficult. The main cause of tonsillitis is viruses (the usual sore throat for us with SARS or flu is actually tonsillitis), bacteria can also cause it – for example, streptococci.

This list of problems that can occur with the lymphatic system is not exhaustive – there are other conditions. For example, a rare genetic disorder is autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome; lymphangioleiomyomatosis affecting the lungs; or Castleman’s syndrome – a whole group of diseases associated with excessive growth of cells of the lymphatic system. We have described only the most common problems.

Lymphatic drainage massage: myths and facts

There are a number of false beliefs associated with the lymphatic system and lymph. Most often we hear ads for lymphatic drainage massages (or exercises) that will help “improve lymph flow.” And this, in turn, allegedly speeds up the process of “removal of toxins from the body”, which has a beneficial effect on our health, improves complexion, eliminates cellulite, and also helps to recover from workouts.

This perception of lymphatic drainage massage is based on the belief that a number of pathological conditions of the body arise due to “stagnation of the lymph”.

Lymphatic drainage is not a new invention. It was proposed in the 1930s and then popularized by the Danish doctor Emil Vodder – he wanted to help patients with swollen lymph nodes due to colds with the help of a new technique. With lymphatic drainage massage, creams and oils are not used, while the human skin is gently stretched in different directions. The movements of the massage therapist should be soft and relaxing, in addition, he can press on certain areas of the body (the so-called compression therapy). The massage therapist should take short breaks to allow the skin to return to its original position.

Studies of lymphatic drainage massage and its effect on the body have been conducted, but they cannot be called all-inclusive. Experts believe that lymphatic drainage massage can be used in some cases (for example, for the treatment of sports injuries), but only as an additional method to the main treatment (and even in this case it is very difficult to separate the effect of massage from the effect of other therapies). Lymphatic drainage massage also helps to relax, normalizes sleep and improves blood circulation, but this is also true for other massage techniques.

Studies have shown that lymphatic drainage massage is not effective for lymphedema – the accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space, which we talked about above. Massage will not help to remove toxins from the body either – the physical effect on the skin and muscles does not affect the biochemical processes that occur in our body.

Therefore, if you are healthy, you can do lymphatic drainage massage like other types of massage. But unfortunately, he will not be able to solve specific health problems.

With the Atlas Genetic Test, you can find out which of your genes actually influence disease predisposition.

Other health articles on the Atlas blog:

• Leaky gut – myth or reality
• Asthma: causes, symptoms, risk factors and treatment
• Guide to intestinal infections

• Britannica, Lymphatic system
• Live Science, Lymphatic System: Facts, Functions & Diseases, 2018
• Cleveland Clinic, Lymphatic System, 2020
• British Journal of Community Nursing, Manual lymphatic drainage: Exploring the history and evidence base, 2010
• World Journal of Surgical Oncology, Effects of manual lymphatic drainage on breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, 2013
• Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, Systematic Review of Efficacy for Manual Lymphatic Drainage Techniques in Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation: An Evidence-Based Practice Approach, 2009

Lymphostasis of the lower and upper extremities: treatment of lymphedema in Odessa

Lymphostasis is a general concept that combines diseases and conditions associated with stagnation of lymph in the lymphatic system. Thousands of thin, barely visible lymphatic vessels carry a clear, protein-rich fluid from the extremities to the central venous vessels. When the outflow of this important biological substance is disturbed, lymphostasis or lymphatic edema occurs.

More often we have to talk about such a problem as lymphostasis of the lower extremities. Its main symptom is edema, transient or permanent, depending on the stage of the disease. The patient is also concerned about heaviness in the legs; dryness, coarsening of the skin and thickening of tissues, the appearance of red spots, cracks and ulcers on it, pain.

The danger of this disease lies in the fact that it can eventually lead to disability and even life-threatening conditions. Therefore, lymphostasis requires urgent treatment, and you can get it in full in the early stages at the Odrex Medical House (Odessa). Make an appointment by calling the call center or on the website.

Lymphostasis of the extremities is conditionally divided into three stages. If the swelling disappears after rest, you can talk about lymphedema. The next stage is fibroedema, characterized by thickening of the tissues, the presence of constant edema, which also extends to the upper part of the limb. And the last stage, known as elephantiasis. In people with this pathology, the limbs become huge and ugly deformed, the skin becomes covered with ulcers. At this stage of lymphostasis, treatment is already very difficult, there is a risk of death during surgical treatment. Therefore, you should consult a doctor at the first symptoms of the disease. The same, of course, applies to the upper limbs.

Diagnosis of lymphostasis

Diagnosis begins with an examination and analysis of the patient’s clinical data. Then, a study of the lymphatic vessels and veins is performed, which go in the same direction with them.

Using duplex scanning, the condition of the subcutaneous fat is assessed and the degree of lymphatic congestion in this tissue is determined. It is important to identify the source of lymphostasis. To do this, perform pelvic ultrasound, CT, MRI with or without contrast. In addition, a general blood test and other laboratory tests are performed. If the patient has destructive trophic changes in the skin, microflora is cultured from ulcers to determine the microflora that lives in them. Edema can be a manifestation of various health problems: cardiovascular, renal diseases, venous insufficiency, etc. Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis .

The Odrex clinic has everything you need for a complete diagnosis – experienced specialists and the latest, high-quality equipment.

Treatment of lymphostasis

The treatment of lymphostasis of the lower extremities consists mainly in facilitating lymphatic drainage with various means. An important role is played by the compression effect – special knitwear, lymphatic drainage massage (lymphatic drainage massage), pressotherapy in the physiotherapy room. Along the way, drug treatment of lymphostasis is prescribed – venolymphotonics that normalize blood circulation, vitamins to improve tissue nutrition, anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs to relieve local symptoms, such as itching.

The treatment of lymphedema is a lengthy process involving the use of various types of conservative therapy under the watchful guidance of a physician. No folk remedies in the form of leeches, bees, plants bring real investment, no matter how much you want to believe it. Only certified medicines and methods can have a positive effect. It is very important to use physical activity (walking, running, swimming, etc.) as a way to improve the movement of lymph through the vessels. Simple and natural.

What are the causes of lymphedema?

There is primary and secondary lymphostasis. Primary is associated with a congenital anomaly of the lymphatic system. Secondary lymphostasis can be caused by various factors: surgical interventions, injuries and burns, tumors, blood diseases, infectious diseases, ingestion of parasites (the so-called filariae, common in hot countries) and some chemicals. Women suffer more from lymphostasis, which may be associated with diseases of the pelvic organs, pregnancy and childbirth. Operations in the zone of lymphatic collectors can also contribute to the development of lymphostasis. So, in 70% of cases, after a mastectomy, lymphostasis of the hand occurs, the treatment of which also involves the methods listed above. This is due to the fact that during the operation, lymph nodes are removed; radiation therapy is carried out (in this case, in order to prevent the recurrence of cancer).

What are the complications of lymphedema?

With lymphostasis, tissue nutrition is disturbed, the skin becomes vulnerable and loses its protective properties. Therefore, eczema, trophic ulcers, and erysipelas often occur. Psycho-emotional complications are also characteristic. Indeed, with this disease, lymph can seep through the tissues to the outside, causing an unpleasant odor. Therefore, patients with lymphedema are often closed and prone to depression.