How is total body surface area assessed in burn patients. What are the key methods for estimating burn surface area. Why is accurate TBSA calculation crucial for burn management. How do different burn assessment tools compare in accuracy and ease of use. What factors can complicate TBSA estimation in burn victims.

The Importance of Accurate TBSA Assessment in Burn Management

Accurate assessment of total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns is a critical step in managing burn injuries. The TBSA percentage directly impacts treatment decisions, fluid resuscitation protocols, and overall patient prognosis. Underestimating or overestimating burn size can lead to inadequate or excessive fluid administration, potentially causing further complications.

Burn specialists use various methods to calculate TBSA, ranging from simple estimations to more precise charting systems. Each technique has its strengths and limitations, and the choice often depends on the clinical setting and the assessor’s experience.

Why is TBSA calculation so crucial?

• Guides fluid resuscitation protocols
• Helps determine the need for specialized burn center care
• Influences nutritional requirements
• Aids in predicting mortality risk
• Assists in planning surgical interventions

The Palm Method: A Quick Estimate for TBSA

One of the simplest techniques for estimating burn surface area is the palm method. This approach uses the patient’s palm (including fingers) as a reference, representing approximately 1% of their total body surface area.

While quick and easy to use, the palm method has limitations. It’s best suited for small to medium-sized burns and may be less accurate for extensive injuries. However, it remains a valuable tool for initial assessments, especially in pre-hospital settings or when more sophisticated methods are unavailable.

How to use the palm method:

1. Visualize the patient’s palm and fingers as 1% of TBSA
2. Mentally overlay this “palm unit” onto the burned areas
3. Count how many “palm units” fit within the burn
4. The total number of palm units equals the estimated TBSA percentage

The Wallace Rule of Nines: A Systematic Approach to TBSA Calculation

The Wallace Rule of Nines is a widely used method for estimating burn surface area in adults. This system divides the body into regions, each representing 9% (or a multiple of 9%) of the total body surface area.

While more accurate than the palm method, the Rule of Nines has limitations, particularly when assessing children or individuals with non-standard body proportions. It’s essential to remember that this method provides an estimate and may need adjustment based on individual patient characteristics.

Body region percentages according to the Rule of Nines:

• Head and neck: 9%
• Each arm: 9%
• Chest: 18% (9% front, 9% back)
• Abdomen: 18% (9% front, 9% back)
• Each leg: 18%
• Genitalia: 1%

The Lund and Browder Chart: Gold Standard for TBSA Assessment

Considered the gold standard in burn surface area assessment, the Lund and Browder chart offers the most accurate method for calculating TBSA. This chart accounts for variations in body proportions between adults and children of different ages, making it particularly valuable in pediatric burn cases.

The Lund and Browder chart divides the body into smaller segments, each with a specific percentage assigned. By shading the affected areas on the chart, clinicians can obtain a more precise TBSA calculation.

Key features of the Lund and Browder chart:

• Adjusts percentages based on patient age
• Provides separate calculations for anterior and posterior body surfaces
• Allows for more detailed documentation of burn locations
• Improves accuracy in assessing irregularly shaped burns

Digital Solutions: The Mersey Burns App

As technology advances, digital tools are becoming increasingly popular in burn assessment. The Mersey Burns app is a CE-certified application designed to streamline and improve the accuracy of TBSA calculations.

This app allows clinicians to input burn areas onto a digital body map, automatically calculating TBSA and fluid requirements. While digital solutions offer advantages in terms of speed and consistency, they should be used in conjunction with clinical judgment and experience.

Benefits of using the Mersey Burns app:

• Rapid TBSA calculation
• Automatic fluid resuscitation recommendations
• Reduces potential for human error in calculations
• Provides a visual record of burn areas
• Facilitates consistent documentation across healthcare teams

Factors Complicating TBSA Assessment

While various methods exist for estimating burn surface area, several factors can complicate accurate assessment. Recognizing these challenges is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure they provide the most appropriate care for burn patients.

Common challenges in TBSA estimation:

• Irregular burn patterns
• Mixed depth burns
• Presence of unburned patches within burned areas
• Obesity or unusual body proportions
• Circumferential burns
• Burns in difficult-to-assess areas (e.g., genitals, scalp)

To overcome these challenges, burn specialists often combine multiple assessment methods and rely on their clinical experience. Regular reassessment of burn areas is also crucial, as the appearance and extent of burns can change over time.

The Impact of TBSA on Burn Management Decisions

The calculated TBSA percentage plays a pivotal role in guiding various aspects of burn management. Understanding how TBSA influences treatment decisions is essential for healthcare professionals involved in burn care.

How does TBSA affect burn management?

• Fluid resuscitation: TBSA is a key factor in calculating fluid requirements using formulas like the Parkland formula.
• Burn center referral: Many guidelines recommend transfer to a specialized burn center for burns exceeding 10-20% TBSA in adults or 5-10% in children.
• Nutritional support: Larger TBSA burns increase metabolic demands, necessitating more aggressive nutritional interventions.
• Wound care strategies: The extent of burns influences decisions about topical treatments, dressings, and the need for surgical interventions.
• Mortality risk assessment: TBSA is a significant factor in predicting survival rates and guiding discussions about prognosis.

Given the critical role of TBSA in these decisions, accurate assessment becomes paramount. Overestimation can lead to unnecessary interventions and resource utilization, while underestimation may result in inadequate treatment and poorer outcomes.

Improving Accuracy in TBSA Assessment: Best Practices

Enhancing the precision of TBSA calculations is an ongoing goal in burn care. While no method is perfect, several strategies can help clinicians improve their accuracy and consistency in assessing burn surface area.

Tips for more accurate TBSA estimation:

1. Use multiple assessment methods: Combining techniques like the Rule of Nines and Lund and Browder chart can provide a more comprehensive evaluation.
2. Perform serial assessments: Burn appearance can change over time, so regular re-evaluation is crucial.
3. Utilize digital photography: Documenting burns with standardized photos can aid in assessment and allow for retrospective analysis.
4. Engage in regular training: Participating in burn assessment workshops or simulations can help maintain and improve skills.
5. Collaborate with colleagues: Having multiple clinicians independently assess TBSA can help identify and resolve discrepancies.
6. Consider 3D scanning technology: Emerging technologies like 3D body scanning show promise in providing more objective TBSA measurements.

By implementing these practices, healthcare professionals can enhance their ability to accurately assess TBSA, leading to more tailored and effective burn management strategies.

The Future of TBSA Assessment: Emerging Technologies and Techniques

As medical technology continues to advance, new approaches to TBSA assessment are emerging. These innovations aim to address the limitations of traditional methods and provide more objective, accurate, and consistent burn surface area calculations.

Promising developments in TBSA assessment:

• 3D scanning and modeling: Advanced imaging techniques can create detailed 3D models of a patient’s body, allowing for precise surface area calculations.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning: AI algorithms trained on large datasets of burn images show potential for automated TBSA estimation.
• Thermal imaging: Infrared cameras can help differentiate burn depths and potentially improve TBSA assessment accuracy.
• Augmented reality (AR) applications: AR tools could overlay burn assessment grids onto a patient’s body, enhancing visualization and measurement.
• Bioimpedance analysis: This technique measures electrical conductivity through the body and may offer insights into burn depth and extent.

While these technologies show promise, it’s important to note that they are still in various stages of development and validation. Clinical judgment and experience will remain crucial in interpreting and applying the results of these advanced assessment tools.

Challenges in adopting new TBSA assessment technologies:

1. Cost and accessibility: Advanced imaging equipment may be prohibitively expensive for some healthcare facilities.
2. Training requirements: Healthcare professionals will need education and practice to effectively use new technologies.
3. Validation and standardization: Ensuring consistency and accuracy across different systems and settings will be crucial.
4. Integration with existing protocols: New methods must be compatible with established burn management guidelines.
5. Ethical considerations: As with any medical technology, issues of patient privacy and data security must be addressed.

Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of improved TBSA assessment accuracy make this an exciting area of research and development in burn care. As these technologies mature, they may significantly enhance our ability to provide optimal care for burn patients.

TBSA Assessment in Special Populations: Adapting Techniques for Diverse Patients

While standard TBSA assessment methods work well for many patients, certain populations require special considerations. Adapting techniques and understanding the unique challenges presented by diverse patient groups is essential for accurate burn surface area estimation.

TBSA assessment in pediatric patients:

• Children have different body proportions compared to adults, with larger heads relative to body size.
• The Lund and Browder chart is particularly valuable for pediatric cases, as it accounts for age-related variations.
• Regular reassessment is crucial, as children’s body proportions change rapidly with growth.

Considerations for obese patients:

Obesity can significantly alter body proportions, making standard TBSA estimation methods less accurate. For obese individuals:

• The Rule of Nines may overestimate TBSA for truncal burns and underestimate for extremity burns.
• Using a combination of methods, including digital imaging and 3D scanning when available, can improve accuracy.
• Calculating the patient’s body surface area using formulas that account for height and weight can provide a more accurate baseline.

TBSA assessment in elderly patients:

Aging affects skin elasticity and body composition, which can impact burn assessment:

• Thinner skin in elderly patients may lead to deeper burns from seemingly minor injuries.
• Age-related changes in body proportions may necessitate adjustments to standard assessment tools.
• Comorbidities and medication use can affect burn appearance and healing, complicating assessment.

Addressing cultural and ethnic diversity in TBSA assessment:

Cultural competence is crucial when assessing burns in diverse populations:

• Skin tone variations can affect the visibility of burns, particularly in individuals with darker skin.
• Cultural norms regarding modesty may impact the assessment process, requiring sensitivity and adaptation of techniques.
• Awareness of cultural practices that may influence burn patterns or presentation is important for accurate assessment.

By recognizing and adapting to the unique characteristics of diverse patient populations, healthcare professionals can ensure more accurate TBSA assessments and, consequently, more appropriate and effective burn management strategies.

Assessment of burn surface area | Burns (OSH Surgery)

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Whitaker, Iain S. and others (eds), ‘Assessment of burn surface area’, in Iain S. Whitaker, Kayvan Shokrollahi, and William A. Dickson (eds), Burns (OSH Surgery), Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Surgery (

Oxford, 2019; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Mar. 2019), https://doi. org/10.1093/med/9780199699537.003.0009, accessed 3 July 2023.

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Abstract

Assessment of total body surface area of a burn injured patient is a crucial step in managing burn injury. The chapter describes a number of techniques from using the size of the patient’s palm as an estimate of 1% to the gold standard Lund and Browder Chart. Key caveats are explained, copies of the charts included as well as the use of the CE certified app Mersey Burns.

Keywords:
burns assessment, TBSA, Lund & Browder, Wallace Rule of Nines, Mersey Burns

Subject

SurgeryDermatology

Series

Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Surgery

Collection:

Oxford Medicine Online

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Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct.
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Appendix VI – Burn and Burn Fluid Charts – CHEMS Field Treatment Guidelines

Table of Contents

A – Adults. B – Children

Percentage of Total Body Surface Area by Age, Anatomic Structure, and Body Habitus

Adult
Anatomic Structure	Surface Area
Anterior head	4. 5%
Posterior head	4.5%
Anterior torso	18%
Posterior torso	18%
Anterior leg, each	9%
Posterior leg, each	9%
Anterior arm, each	4.5%
Posterior arm, each	4.5%
Genitalia, perineum	1%

Child
Anatomic Structure	Surface Area
Anterior head	9%
Posterior head	9%
Anterior torso	18%
Posterior torso	18%
Anterior leg, each	6. 75%
Posterior leg, each	6.75%
Anterior arm, each	4.5%
Posterior arm, each	4.5%
Genitalia/perineum	1%

Parkland Formula
For patients who require fluid resuscitation, consider use of the Parkland formula to calculate the volume of normal saline or lactated Ringer’s solution that should be administered intravenously to ensure hemodynamic stability.

Volume of Intravenous Fluid required in the first 24 hours (in mL) = (4 X patient weight in kg) X (Percentage of total body surface area burned)

The first half of the volume of fluid should be administered over the first 8 hours following the burn with the remaining fluid administered over the following 16 hours.

For pediatric patients, a weight-based assessment tool (length-based tape or other system) should be used to provide a more accurate estimate of the patient’s weight. Likewise, the total body surface area (BSA) estimates are different for pediatric patients compared to adults due to larger head and trunk size. For children, the palmar surface of the hand (not including the fingers is approximately equal to 1% BSA. The guidelines listed above will provide assistance during the estimation of the percentage of total body surface area burned for patients of various ages and body habitus.

Burn Injury IV Fluid Rates
Infusion Rate  Weight > 30 KG

Infusion Rate  Weight < 30 KG

Source: Used with permission, University of Utah Burn Center (https://crisisstandardsofcare.utah.edu).

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• Hospital stay rules 50 percent discount.
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For residents of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic added the possibility of another way to independently make an appointment with a doctor through the Telegram messenger . Telegram has implemented the @MedicineOnlineBot chatbot to make an appointment with medical institutions and call a doctor at home.

In the process of making an appointment, users can view a list of specialists of a medical organization, their work schedule. Recording for in-depth medical examination is also available for patients who have undergone COVID-19. Making an appointment and calling a doctor at home are carried out in several steps, user data (call address, contact information) is stored in the database to reduce the amount of information for repeated entries.

at the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Republican Children’s Multidisciplinary Hospital (at the address: Cherkessk, Griboyedova St., 81), children will be consulted by specialists (cardiac surgeon, arrhythmologist,) . Moscow.

Pre-registration is carried out by calling the reception:

8(8782) 25-01-27

April 20-21-22, 2023. in the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Republican Children’s Multidisciplinary Hospital (at the address: Cherkessk, Griboedov St. , 81), children will be consulted by specialists from the Research Institute named after. G.N. Turner, St. Petersburg.

Specialists of the federal center:

Maxillofacial surgeon: Stepanova Yu.V.

Dear parents!

Children’s polyclinic in Cherkessk

received a vaccine against a new coronavirus infection Gam-Covid-VAK-M for vaccination of children from 12 to 18 years old. Registration for vaccination by phone: 250105. You can also contact the children’s clinic for vaccination. Vaccination is carried out after examining the child with thermometry and the informed written consent of the parent (guardian), or the child himself, who has reached the age of 15 years.

Chief freelance pediatrician of the Ministry of Health of Russia Alexander Baranov: If a child falls ill but goes to school, he will not be able to study normally, and he will infect others

— We are again in a whirlwind of infections, primarily respiratory infections. They strike thousands of our compatriots every day. Children are especially vulnerable,” he said.

❕If a child starts sneezing, coughing, complains of feeling unwell, sore throat, you should not take him to school, it is better to stay at home so as not to infect other children and cope with the disease faster.

Very often parents send their children to school even if they have a temperature, even if it is small, because they are afraid to miss classes – the school program is very busy. If a child gets sick, but goes to school, he himself will not be able to study normally, and he will infect others. in children with respiratory infections, cognitive abilities deteriorate, especially cognitive functions decrease with a cold.

— I would like to appeal to the common sense of moms and dads. But it’s better to skip 2-3 days and treat an incipient cough or a reddened throat than to get seriously ill and, possibly, face complications after the illness, – said the chief freelance pediatrician of the Russian Ministry of Health.

❌ It’s easier to send the child to school;
⭕️ It is wiser to stay at home, help you recover faster and return to learning.

If your family has not yet been vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal disease, doctors advise getting vaccinated. This will help to avoid many health and learning problems.

Round-the-clock “Hotline” for receiving citizens’ appeals on all issues of medical care by phone: 8 (8782) 20-23-93 department with a department of emergency advisory medical care and medical evacuation (air ambulance): 8 (8782) 20-29-66; 20-35-81

Already today you can get an electronic prescription at the appointment of your doctor in RSBLPU “RDMB”. Install the My Prescription app by downloading it from the App Store, Google Play or the My-prescription.rf website. With the app, you can store all prescriptions, select medicines by active ingredient, information about availability and current prices in pharmacies of the city.

To buy a medicine at a pharmacy, you just need to show the QR code to the pharmacist. You can also add a profile of a relative or child in the My Prescription application through authorization on the Public Services. An electronic prescription is now more than just a prescription!

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(with the exact indication of the full name of the doctor and types of studies) by e-mail. mail [email protected]
or by phone

RSBLPU “Republican Children’s Multidisciplinary Hospital” has 3 actual addresses:

Hospital – Cherkessk, st. Griboedova 77a

Polyclinic – Cherkessk, st. Krasnoarmeyskaya 68. – Umar-Aliyeva 12A.

Teenage department – Cherkessk, st. Gagarina 24

do’s and don’ts, types and degrees of burns

Content:

• What is a burn

• Burn degrees

• First aid for burns

• Types of burns and features of first aid

  1. Steamboiling water

  2. Oil painting

  3. Sunbeams

  4. chemicals

  5. electricity

  6. hogweed

  7. iron, hot object

• What not to do when getting burns

• What burns and how can be treated at home

• How to relieve pain from a burn

• In what cases you need to seek medical help

• Burn Treatment Methods

  1. medical devices

  2. Pharmacy means

  3. folk recipes

• How long will it take to live

What is a burn

A burn is an injury to the body resulting from exposure to heat, chemicals, electric current, or radiation. With such an injury, the skin and tissues under it are damaged and destroyed. Injuries occur at home and at work, so it does not hurt everyone to know about the rules for first aid for burns before the arrival of doctors. It is important to quickly navigate and know which remedies can be used for burns, and which are unacceptable. The right actions will slow down the destructive process, which will speed up the healing process.

Burn degrees

The choice of what to do for a burn will depend on the extent of the injury. There are four degrees of severity of burns:

• I degree – superficial damage to the epidermis and dermis;
• II degree – borderline burns, when the skin is deeply affected, but the sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles are not damaged;
• III degree – deep lesions with complete skin lesions (necrosis), often with spread to subcutaneous fatty tissue, muscle and bone tissue;
• IV degree – necrosis of the skin, muscles and tendons, down to the bones. Destroyed tissue melts and is gradually torn away over several weeks. The healing process is very long.

The following table shows the correlation of the classification of burn degrees according to ICD-10 with the classification of the XXVII Congress of Surgeons of the USSR in 1960.

The severity of a burn wound is characterized by its depth and area. The first depends on the duration and temperature of the aggressive impact, as well as the timeliness of providing assistance to the victim.

When a person with severe burns is admitted to the hospital, doctors evaluate the damaged area according to the “Rule of nines”, dividing the body into zones, each of which is equal to 9 in percentage terms, respectively:

• head and neck -9%;
• each hand – 9%;
• each leg – 18%;
• front + back torso – 36%;
• and the perineum accounts for the remaining 1%.

First aid for burns

First aid for burns to a person must be provided as soon as possible, already at the scene. First of all, it is important to stop the action of an aggressive agent, if possible, remove clothing and jewelry from the affected area. It is strictly not allowed to remove and pierce blisters, forcibly separate foreign bodies adhering to the skin (splashes of molten metal and plastic, fragments of clothing, etc. ).

During the first 10-15 minutes, cool the damaged skin with running cold water. This will prevent the burn from deepening. In addition, cooling reduces pain and swelling. The victim is given an anesthetic and an antihistamine. Before the arrival of emergency help, he needs to drink non-carbonated mineral water or ordinary, with 1 tsp previously dissolved in it. salt and 0.5 tsp. soda per 1 liter of water.

Types of burns and first aid

Depending on what caused the burn, the steps to provide first aid for burns will differ.

Boiling water steamer

With a small but deep injury, you need to place the burned area under running cold water for 10 minutes and call a doctor. Do not use ointments or other external agents.

Oiled

Usually these are small but deep burns (I-II degrees). Cool the damaged area under a tap with cold water, wait for the doctor to determine the depth and extent of the lesion. There is no need to treat burns of this type.

Sunlight

These are usually 1st degree burns, very rarely 2nd degree burns. Act similarly to the first two points: cool with water for 10 minutes, drink an antihistamine to avoid swelling and painkillers. Do not use ointments and traditional methods of treatment.

Chemicals

Remove the chemical agent from the skin, remove interfering clothing. Rinse under tap for 10 minutes. It is not recommended to wipe with wet wipes, it is forbidden to use ointments and homemade recipes without consulting a doctor. Currently, antidotes are not used to treat such burns.

Electricity

Traces remain at the points of entry and exit of electric current from the body. The burns are small but very deep. First, the current source is de-energized, then immediately turn to a specialist. Damage cannot be repaired.

Hogweed

A plant with caustic sap causes burns of the first or second degree, resembling damage from chemicals. The juice of the plant should be removed from the skin, rinsed under a tap, do not smear the injury site with anything and consult a doctor.

Iron, hot object

Usually these are thermal burns of the II-IV degree. Place the damaged area under running cold water for 10 minutes, apply a dry bandage. It is forbidden to apply ointments, apply ice, use folk remedies.

In each of the above cases, it is recommended as an effective first aid to apply a Branolind dressing to the burn site, and on top of it – a Medicomp non-woven napkin, followed by fixation with a Peha-haft bandage.

Definitely not to do if you get burned

Trying to provide first aid for a burn, out of ignorance, some aggravate the nature of the damage and harm the victim. Doctors strongly advise against doing the following:

• smear the damaged area with fat, as the resulting film will not allow the wound to cool;
• remove clothing stuck to the burn;
• treat the wound with baking soda or vinegar;
• lubricate the burned area with iodine, brilliant green, alcohol-containing compounds;
• apply ice as this will cause vasoconstriction and impair blood flow;
• apply ointments from burns before cooling tissues;
• puncture blisters that form;
• dress the wound with plaster;
• give the victim alcoholic drinks, strong coffee and tea.

What kind of burns and how can be treated at home

Burns of any degree are treated only by a doctor! At home, it is only allowed to provide first aid for first-degree skin burns. We are talking about situations where the area of ​​the wound is not more than 5 percent, while the genitals and head are not affected.

If you list all the procedures briefly, first aid for burns at home consists of the following steps:

1. Cooling the damaged area with water.
2. Branolind dressing.
3. Over the dressing, the imposition of a non-woven cloth Medicomp.
4. Fixation of the lesion site with Peha-Haft bandage.

It should be remembered that only a doctor can determine the severity of the lesion and say exactly how to treat burns at home. If necessary, the victim is hospitalized.

How to relieve the pain of a burn

Since no one is safe from the danger of getting burned, it is necessary to clearly understand what to do with a burn and what first aid to provide. Actions to provide first aid will depend on the causes of the burn.

As a first aid for burns that cause severe pain, you can give him a painkiller tablet to alleviate the suffering of the patient. For minor injuries, accompanied only by reddening of the skin or the formation of small transparent bubbles no larger than 5 cm in diameter, it is recommended to cool the injured area by placing it under running cold water for 10 minutes to prevent damage to deeper tissues. After cooling the affected tissues, the necessary first aid should be provided by treating the burn site with a special agent. It is also advisable to consult a general practitioner to get professional advice on treatment methods that contribute to the rapid healing of the burn.

In more severe cases, medical help should be sought as soon as possible, since delay is fraught with serious complications for the body, up to a threat to the life of the victim.

When to seek medical help

Immediate treatment for first aid for burns is required in the following cases:

• a child or an elderly person has been injured;
• for burns of the face, respiratory tract, inguinal region;
• first-degree burns, if the affected area is large enough – more than 10% of the body;
• with the second degree of damage, if the injured area occupies about 1% of the body surface;
• third and fourth degree burns;
• for burns that have a chemical or electrical cause;
• if it is impossible to relieve pain;
• when the wound is contaminated with earth;
• in any case if the patient has lost consciousness;
• with fever and general malaise.

For the treatment of severe burns of severe degrees, the victim should be placed in the burn unit. It is necessary to stop the pain shock in a short time and prevent the occurrence of complications.

First of all, it must be remembered that even mild burns can be deadly if a large surface area of ​​​​the body is affected.

Burn treatments

Medical devices

Medical care in the treatment of burns is aimed at restoring the affected tissues. In order to relieve pain and speed up the regeneration process, special tools are used. It should be remembered that when providing first aid for a burn, it is important for the victim to thoroughly disinfect their hands first. To do this, you can use the antiseptic for hands “Sterillum”.

After that, the burn site should be covered with a wound-healing antiseptic dressing “Branolind N” with Peruvian balsam. It has a large-celled structure, into which the discharge from the wound is well absorbed, and Peruvian balm will accelerate healing. The bandage can be on the wound for up to three days, which means that the dressings will not cause much concern to the victim. For reliable and careful fixation of the dressing on the wound, a sterile plaster with a soft absorbent vapor-permeable pad “Cosmopor E” is used. It is attached to the body thanks to hypoallergenic glue and reliably protects the injury site from pollution and mechanical stress.

To provide first aid for burns in case of minor injuries, the bandage can also be fixed with a transparent adhesive bandage “Hydrofilm plus”. Its absorbent pad does not stick to the wound. The transparent polyurethane film has water-repellent properties, which means that the bandage will not peel off even during a shower.

To fix the absorbent bandage in the area of ​​the joint or on other rounded parts of the body, a self-locking bandage “Peha-Haft” is used. It does not hinder movement, it is firmly held on the body. Only 1.5-2 turns of the bandage are enough to fix the bandage. The dressing does not stick to the skin and hair, completely hypoallergenic (latex-free). When fixing with a bandage: Branolind N is applied to the wound from above with a sterile absorbent dressing (Medicomp) and then fixed with a Peha-Haft bandage.

Pharmacy products

If the means described above are not at hand, the question arises: how to treat a burn at home? To provide first aid for burns, you can use the tools that are almost always in the home first aid kit: sterile wipes (“Medicomp”), diluted to a concentration of less than 1% with hydrogen peroxide, furacilin, miramistin. A gauze pad can be soaked with hydrogen peroxide solution, which is applied to the wound for a short time. Furacilin has disinfecting properties and can be used to cleanse the wound before applying the anti-burn agent. Be sure to check with your doctor before using any remedy.

Folk recipes

There is an opinion that first-degree burns do not require any treatment, and to treat the affected area, you can use improvised means, for example, treat the skin with oil and sour cream.