How is total body surface area assessed in burn patients. What methods are used to calculate burn surface area. Why is accurate TBSA estimation crucial for burn management. Which burn assessment tools are considered most reliable. How do burn charts account for differences in patient age and body type.

Understanding the Importance of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) in Burn Assessment

Determining the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns is a critical step in managing burn injuries. Accurate TBSA estimation guides fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, and overall treatment planning. But why exactly is TBSA so crucial?

TBSA directly impacts the severity classification of burns:

• Minor burns: TBSA < 10% in adults, < 5% in children
• Moderate burns: TBSA 10-20% in adults, 5-10% in children
• Major burns: TBSA > 20% in adults, > 10% in children

The extent of burned surface area also influences fluid requirements, with larger TBSA necessitating more aggressive fluid resuscitation to prevent burn shock. Additionally, TBSA impacts wound care strategies, pain management approaches, and the need for specialized burn center referral.

Common Methods for Estimating Burn Surface Area

The Rule of Palm

One quick method for estimating small burns uses the patient’s palm as a reference. How big is a palm in terms of TBSA? The surface area of a patient’s palm (including fingers) represents approximately 1% of their total body surface area. This technique allows for rapid estimation of burns up to about 15% TBSA.

Wallace Rule of Nines

The Rule of Nines divides the body into sections, each representing 9% (or a multiple of 9%) of total surface area. How is the body divided in the Rule of Nines?

• Head and neck: 9%
• Each arm: 9%
• Chest: 18% (9% front, 9% back)
• Abdomen: 18% (9% front, 9% back)
• Each leg: 18% (9% front, 9% back)
• Genitals: 1%

While quick and easy to remember, the Rule of Nines has limitations. It’s less accurate for children and individuals with non-average body proportions.

The Lund and Browder Chart: Gold Standard in Burn Assessment

Considered the most accurate method for TBSA estimation, the Lund and Browder chart accounts for age-related differences in body proportions. How does this chart improve upon other methods?

• Provides separate calculations for adults and children
• Subdivides body regions more precisely
• Accounts for changes in proportions as children grow
• Offers more accurate percentages for areas like the head and legs

To use the Lund and Browder chart:

1. Select the appropriate age column
2. Shade in burned areas on the body diagram
3. Calculate percentages for each body region
4. Sum the percentages to determine total TBSA

Digital Solutions: The Mersey Burns App

Modern technology offers new tools for burn assessment. The Mersey Burns app, CE certified for medical use, provides a digital platform for TBSA calculation. What advantages does this app offer?

• Interactive body map for precise burn area marking
• Automatic TBSA calculation
• Fluid resuscitation estimates based on TBSA and weight
• Ability to save and share assessment data
• Reduced risk of calculation errors

While digital tools can enhance accuracy and efficiency, they should complement, not replace, clinical judgment and expertise in burn assessment.

Challenges and Considerations in TBSA Estimation

Accurate burn surface area assessment faces several challenges. What factors can complicate TBSA estimation?

• Irregular burn patterns
• Mixed depth burns
• Obese or very thin patients
• Presence of unburned patches within burned regions
• Burns crossing multiple body regions

To improve accuracy:

• Use multiple assessment methods when possible
• Reassess burns regularly, as appearance may change
• Consider involving multiple clinicians for consensus
• Document burn patterns with photographs when appropriate
• Be aware of potential overestimation in circumferential burns

Special Considerations for Pediatric Burn Assessment

Children’s body proportions differ significantly from adults, necessitating adjusted approaches to TBSA estimation. How do pediatric considerations impact burn assessment?

• Higher head-to-body ratio in young children
• Relatively smaller limbs in infants
• Changing proportions throughout growth and development
• Increased susceptibility to fluid losses and temperature regulation issues

The Lund and Browder chart is particularly valuable for pediatric burns, as it accounts for these age-related differences. When using other methods like the Rule of Nines, adjustments must be made:

• Increase head percentage (up to 18% in newborns)
• Decrease leg percentages accordingly
• Reassess regularly as the child grows

Impact of TBSA on Burn Management Decisions

The estimated TBSA influences numerous aspects of burn care. How does TBSA guide treatment decisions?

Fluid Resuscitation

TBSA is a key variable in fluid resuscitation formulas:

• Parkland Formula: 4 mL x patient’s weight (kg) x %TBSA
• Modified Brooke Formula: 2 mL x patient’s weight (kg) x %TBSA

These calculations determine the volume of fluid to be administered in the first 24 hours post-burn.

Nutritional Support

TBSA impacts caloric requirements:

• Curreri Formula: 25 kcal/kg + (40 kcal x %TBSA)
• Higher TBSA burns require more aggressive nutritional support

Wound Care Strategies

TBSA influences decisions about:

• Topical antimicrobial agents
• Dressing types and frequency of changes
• Need for skin grafting or other surgical interventions

Disposition and Referral

TBSA is a key factor in determining the need for specialized burn center care. General guidelines suggest burn center referral for:

• Partial-thickness burns > 10% TBSA
• Any full-thickness burns
• Burns involving critical areas (face, hands, feet, genitals)

Evolving Technologies in Burn Surface Area Assessment

Beyond traditional methods and mobile apps, new technologies are emerging to enhance TBSA estimation accuracy. What cutting-edge approaches are being developed?

• 3D scanning: Uses specialized cameras to create detailed body surface models
• Artificial intelligence: Analyzes burn photographs to estimate TBSA and depth
• Thermal imaging: Identifies burn areas based on temperature differences
• Augmented reality: Overlays burn assessment tools onto real-time patient images

While promising, these technologies are still in various stages of development and validation. Their integration into clinical practice will require careful evaluation of accuracy, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness compared to established methods.

Training and Maintaining Proficiency in Burn Assessment

Accurate TBSA estimation requires practice and ongoing education. How can healthcare providers improve their burn assessment skills?

• Regular training sessions using case studies and simulations
• Practicing with various assessment tools (charts, apps, etc.)
• Participating in burn-specific continuing education programs
• Engaging in inter-professional training to align assessment practices
• Conducting periodic audits to compare estimated vs. actual burn sizes

Burn centers and professional organizations often offer specialized courses and workshops focused on burn assessment and management. These opportunities allow providers to refine their skills and stay updated on the latest best practices.

Documenting and Communicating Burn Surface Area Findings

Clear, consistent documentation of TBSA estimates is crucial for continuity of care. What elements should be included in burn assessment documentation?

• Date and time of assessment
• Method(s) used for TBSA calculation
• Detailed burn location descriptions
• Estimated depth of burns in different areas
• Total TBSA percentage
• Any challenges or uncertainties in the assessment
• Name and role of the person performing the assessment

Effective communication of TBSA findings is equally important, especially during patient transfers or shift changes. Consider using standardized handoff tools that incorporate TBSA information alongside other critical burn care details.

Ethical Considerations in Burn Surface Area Assessment

While TBSA estimation is a clinical tool, it carries ethical implications. What ethical considerations should providers be aware of when assessing burn surface area?

• Balancing accuracy with patient comfort during assessment
• Maintaining patient dignity and privacy
• Addressing potential biases in assessment (e.g., based on patient demographics)
• Communicating findings sensitively to patients and families
• Considering the psychological impact of burn size discussions

Healthcare providers must approach burn assessment with empathy and cultural sensitivity, recognizing the emotional toll of burn injuries on patients and their loved ones.

Future Directions in Burn Surface Area Assessment

As our understanding of burn physiology and technology advances, burn surface area assessment methods continue to evolve. What future developments might we see in this field?

• Integration of burn depth assessment with TBSA calculation
• Personalized TBSA charts based on individual body scanning
• Real-time monitoring of burn progression and healing
• Machine learning algorithms for more accurate fluid resuscitation based on TBSA
• Virtual reality training platforms for burn assessment education

Research into these areas aims to further refine TBSA estimation accuracy and its application in burn management. As new tools and techniques emerge, they will need to be rigorously evaluated and validated before widespread clinical adoption.

The field of burn surface area assessment continues to advance, driven by the critical importance of accurate TBSA estimation in guiding burn care. From traditional charts to cutting-edge technologies, healthcare providers have an expanding toolkit to support this crucial aspect of burn management. By combining clinical expertise with innovative assessment methods, we can continue to improve outcomes for burn patients across the spectrum of injury severity.

Assessment of burn surface area | Burns (OSH Surgery)

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Whitaker, Iain S. and others (eds), ‘Assessment of burn surface area’, in Iain S. Whitaker, Kayvan Shokrollahi, and William A. Dickson (eds), Burns (OSH Surgery), Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Surgery (

Oxford, 2019; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Mar. 2019), https://doi. org/10.1093/med/9780199699537.003.0009, accessed 3 July 2023.

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Abstract

Assessment of total body surface area of a burn injured patient is a crucial step in managing burn injury. The chapter describes a number of techniques from using the size of the patient’s palm as an estimate of 1% to the gold standard Lund and Browder Chart. Key caveats are explained, copies of the charts included as well as the use of the CE certified app Mersey Burns.

Keywords:
burns assessment, TBSA, Lund & Browder, Wallace Rule of Nines, Mersey Burns

Subject

SurgeryDermatology

Series

Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Surgery

Collection:

Oxford Medicine Online

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Appendix VI – Burn and Burn Fluid Charts – CHEMS Field Treatment Guidelines

Table of Contents

A – Adults. B – Children

Percentage of Total Body Surface Area by Age, Anatomic Structure, and Body Habitus

Adult
Anatomic Structure	Surface Area
Anterior head	4. 5%
Posterior head	4.5%
Anterior torso	18%
Posterior torso	18%
Anterior leg, each	9%
Posterior leg, each	9%
Anterior arm, each	4.5%
Posterior arm, each	4.5%
Genitalia, perineum	1%

Child
Anatomic Structure	Surface Area
Anterior head	9%
Posterior head	9%
Anterior torso	18%
Posterior torso	18%
Anterior leg, each	6. 75%
Posterior leg, each	6.75%
Anterior arm, each	4.5%
Posterior arm, each	4.5%
Genitalia/perineum	1%

Parkland Formula
For patients who require fluid resuscitation, consider use of the Parkland formula to calculate the volume of normal saline or lactated Ringer’s solution that should be administered intravenously to ensure hemodynamic stability.

Volume of Intravenous Fluid required in the first 24 hours (in mL) = (4 X patient weight in kg) X (Percentage of total body surface area burned)

The first half of the volume of fluid should be administered over the first 8 hours following the burn with the remaining fluid administered over the following 16 hours.

For pediatric patients, a weight-based assessment tool (length-based tape or other system) should be used to provide a more accurate estimate of the patient’s weight. Likewise, the total body surface area (BSA) estimates are different for pediatric patients compared to adults due to larger head and trunk size. For children, the palmar surface of the hand (not including the fingers is approximately equal to 1% BSA. The guidelines listed above will provide assistance during the estimation of the percentage of total body surface area burned for patients of various ages and body habitus.

Burn Injury IV Fluid Rates
Infusion Rate  Weight > 30 KG

Infusion Rate  Weight < 30 KG

Source: Used with permission, University of Utah Burn Center (https://crisisstandardsofcare.utah.edu).

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• Vacancies
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• Composition of employees
• Patient’s rights
• Hospital stay rules 50 percent discount.
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• List of vital drugs
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• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 95 dated 20.02.2006 900 14
• Epidemiological Service

Health Development Program

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Supervisory organizations

• Ministry of Health of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
• Territorial Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund for the KChR
• Department of Roszdravnadzor
• Insurance company ZAO MAKS-M

For residents of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic added the possibility of another way to independently make an appointment with a doctor through the Telegram messenger . Telegram has implemented the @MedicineOnlineBot chatbot to make an appointment with medical institutions and call a doctor at home.

In the process of making an appointment, users can view a list of specialists of a medical organization, their work schedule. Recording for in-depth medical examination is also available for patients who have undergone COVID-19. Making an appointment and calling a doctor at home are carried out in several steps, user data (call address, contact information) is stored in the database to reduce the amount of information for repeated entries.

at the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Republican Children’s Multidisciplinary Hospital (at the address: Cherkessk, Griboyedova St., 81), children will be consulted by specialists (cardiac surgeon, arrhythmologist,) . Moscow.

Pre-registration is carried out by calling the reception:

8(8782) 25-01-27

April 20-21-22, 2023. in the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Republican Children’s Multidisciplinary Hospital (at the address: Cherkessk, Griboedov St. , 81), children will be consulted by specialists from the Research Institute named after. G.N. Turner, St. Petersburg.

Specialists of the federal center:

Maxillofacial surgeon: Stepanova Yu.V.

Dear parents!

Children’s polyclinic in Cherkessk

received a vaccine against a new coronavirus infection Gam-Covid-VAK-M for vaccination of children from 12 to 18 years old. Registration for vaccination by phone: 250105. You can also contact the children’s clinic for vaccination. Vaccination is carried out after examining the child with thermometry and the informed written consent of the parent (guardian), or the child himself, who has reached the age of 15 years.

Chief freelance pediatrician of the Ministry of Health of Russia Alexander Baranov: If a child falls ill but goes to school, he will not be able to study normally, and he will infect others

— We are again in a whirlwind of infections, primarily respiratory infections. They strike thousands of our compatriots every day. Children are especially vulnerable,” he said.

❕If a child starts sneezing, coughing, complains of feeling unwell, sore throat, you should not take him to school, it is better to stay at home so as not to infect other children and cope with the disease faster.

Very often parents send their children to school even if they have a temperature, even if it is small, because they are afraid to miss classes – the school program is very busy. If a child gets sick, but goes to school, he himself will not be able to study normally, and he will infect others. in children with respiratory infections, cognitive abilities deteriorate, especially cognitive functions decrease with a cold.

— I would like to appeal to the common sense of moms and dads. But it’s better to skip 2-3 days and treat an incipient cough or a reddened throat than to get seriously ill and, possibly, face complications after the illness, – said the chief freelance pediatrician of the Russian Ministry of Health.

❌ It’s easier to send the child to school;
⭕️ It is wiser to stay at home, help you recover faster and return to learning.

If your family has not yet been vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal disease, doctors advise getting vaccinated. This will help to avoid many health and learning problems.

Round-the-clock “Hotline” for receiving citizens’ appeals on all issues of medical care by phone: 8 (8782) 20-23-93 department with a department of emergency advisory medical care and medical evacuation (air ambulance): 8 (8782) 20-29-66; 20-35-81

Already today you can get an electronic prescription at the appointment of your doctor in RSBLPU “RDMB”. Install the My Prescription app by downloading it from the App Store, Google Play or the My-prescription.rf website. With the app, you can store all prescriptions, select medicines by active ingredient, information about availability and current prices in pharmacies of the city.

To buy a medicine at a pharmacy, you just need to show the QR code to the pharmacist. You can also add a profile of a relative or child in the My Prescription application through authorization on the Public Services. An electronic prescription is now more than just a prescription!

Licenses

Contacts

For feedback please contact by e-mail
RSBLPU “RDMB”: [email protected]

we ask you to inform the head physician of our institution, Laipanova Tamara Akhmatovna, about this
(with the exact indication of the full name of the doctor and types of studies) by e-mail. mail [email protected]
or by phone

RSBLPU “Republican Children’s Multidisciplinary Hospital” has 3 actual addresses:

Hospital – Cherkessk, st. Griboedova 77a

Polyclinic – Cherkessk, st. Krasnoarmeyskaya 68. – Umar-Aliyeva 12A.

Teenage department – Cherkessk, st. Gagarina 24

do’s and don’ts, types and degrees of burns

Content:

• What is a burn

• Burn degrees

• First aid for burns

• Types of burns and features of first aid

  1. Steamboiling water

  2. Oil painting

  3. Sunbeams

  4. chemicals

  5. electricity

  6. hogweed

  7. iron, hot object

• What not to do when getting burns

• What burns and how can be treated at home

• How to relieve pain from a burn

• In what cases you need to seek medical help

• Burn Treatment Methods

  1. medical devices

  2. Pharmacy means

  3. folk recipes

• How long will it take to live

What is a burn

A burn is an injury to the body resulting from exposure to heat, chemicals, electric current, or radiation. With such an injury, the skin and tissues under it are damaged and destroyed. Injuries occur at home and at work, so it does not hurt everyone to know about the rules for first aid for burns before the arrival of doctors. It is important to quickly navigate and know which remedies can be used for burns, and which are unacceptable. The right actions will slow down the destructive process, which will speed up the healing process.

Burn degrees

The choice of what to do for a burn will depend on the extent of the injury. There are four degrees of severity of burns:

• I degree – superficial damage to the epidermis and dermis;
• II degree – borderline burns, when the skin is deeply affected, but the sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles are not damaged;
• III degree – deep lesions with complete skin lesions (necrosis), often with spread to subcutaneous fatty tissue, muscle and bone tissue;
• IV degree – necrosis of the skin, muscles and tendons, down to the bones. Destroyed tissue melts and is gradually torn away over several weeks. The healing process is very long.

The following table shows the correlation of the classification of burn degrees according to ICD-10 with the classification of the XXVII Congress of Surgeons of the USSR in 1960.

The severity of a burn wound is characterized by its depth and area. The first depends on the duration and temperature of the aggressive impact, as well as the timeliness of providing assistance to the victim.

When a person with severe burns is admitted to the hospital, doctors evaluate the damaged area according to the “Rule of nines”, dividing the body into zones, each of which is equal to 9 in percentage terms, respectively:

• head and neck -9%;
• each hand – 9%;
• each leg – 18%;
• front + back torso – 36%;
• and the perineum accounts for the remaining 1%.

First aid for burns

First aid for burns to a person must be provided as soon as possible, already at the scene. First of all, it is important to stop the action of an aggressive agent, if possible, remove clothing and jewelry from the affected area. It is strictly not allowed to remove and pierce blisters, forcibly separate foreign bodies adhering to the skin (splashes of molten metal and plastic, fragments of clothing, etc. ).

During the first 10-15 minutes, cool the damaged skin with running cold water. This will prevent the burn from deepening. In addition, cooling reduces pain and swelling. The victim is given an anesthetic and an antihistamine. Before the arrival of emergency help, he needs to drink non-carbonated mineral water or ordinary, with 1 tsp previously dissolved in it. salt and 0.5 tsp. soda per 1 liter of water.

Types of burns and first aid

Depending on what caused the burn, the steps to provide first aid for burns will differ.

Boiling water steamer

With a small but deep injury, you need to place the burned area under running cold water for 10 minutes and call a doctor. Do not use ointments or other external agents.

Oiled

Usually these are small but deep burns (I-II degrees). Cool the damaged area under a tap with cold water, wait for the doctor to determine the depth and extent of the lesion. There is no need to treat burns of this type.

Sunlight

These are usually 1st degree burns, very rarely 2nd degree burns. Act similarly to the first two points: cool with water for 10 minutes, drink an antihistamine to avoid swelling and painkillers. Do not use ointments and traditional methods of treatment.

Chemicals

Remove the chemical agent from the skin, remove interfering clothing. Rinse under tap for 10 minutes. It is not recommended to wipe with wet wipes, it is forbidden to use ointments and homemade recipes without consulting a doctor. Currently, antidotes are not used to treat such burns.

Electricity

Traces remain at the points of entry and exit of electric current from the body. The burns are small but very deep. First, the current source is de-energized, then immediately turn to a specialist. Damage cannot be repaired.

Hogweed

A plant with caustic sap causes burns of the first or second degree, resembling damage from chemicals. The juice of the plant should be removed from the skin, rinsed under a tap, do not smear the injury site with anything and consult a doctor.

Iron, hot object

Usually these are thermal burns of the II-IV degree. Place the damaged area under running cold water for 10 minutes, apply a dry bandage. It is forbidden to apply ointments, apply ice, use folk remedies.

In each of the above cases, it is recommended as an effective first aid to apply a Branolind dressing to the burn site, and on top of it – a Medicomp non-woven napkin, followed by fixation with a Peha-haft bandage.

Definitely not to do if you get burned

Trying to provide first aid for a burn, out of ignorance, some aggravate the nature of the damage and harm the victim. Doctors strongly advise against doing the following:

• smear the damaged area with fat, as the resulting film will not allow the wound to cool;
• remove clothing stuck to the burn;
• treat the wound with baking soda or vinegar;
• lubricate the burned area with iodine, brilliant green, alcohol-containing compounds;
• apply ice as this will cause vasoconstriction and impair blood flow;
• apply ointments from burns before cooling tissues;
• puncture blisters that form;
• dress the wound with plaster;
• give the victim alcoholic drinks, strong coffee and tea.

What kind of burns and how can be treated at home

Burns of any degree are treated only by a doctor! At home, it is only allowed to provide first aid for first-degree skin burns. We are talking about situations where the area of ​​the wound is not more than 5 percent, while the genitals and head are not affected.

If you list all the procedures briefly, first aid for burns at home consists of the following steps:

1. Cooling the damaged area with water.
2. Branolind dressing.
3. Over the dressing, the imposition of a non-woven cloth Medicomp.
4. Fixation of the lesion site with Peha-Haft bandage.

It should be remembered that only a doctor can determine the severity of the lesion and say exactly how to treat burns at home. If necessary, the victim is hospitalized.

How to relieve the pain of a burn

Since no one is safe from the danger of getting burned, it is necessary to clearly understand what to do with a burn and what first aid to provide. Actions to provide first aid will depend on the causes of the burn.

As a first aid for burns that cause severe pain, you can give him a painkiller tablet to alleviate the suffering of the patient. For minor injuries, accompanied only by reddening of the skin or the formation of small transparent bubbles no larger than 5 cm in diameter, it is recommended to cool the injured area by placing it under running cold water for 10 minutes to prevent damage to deeper tissues. After cooling the affected tissues, the necessary first aid should be provided by treating the burn site with a special agent. It is also advisable to consult a general practitioner to get professional advice on treatment methods that contribute to the rapid healing of the burn.

In more severe cases, medical help should be sought as soon as possible, since delay is fraught with serious complications for the body, up to a threat to the life of the victim.

When to seek medical help

Immediate treatment for first aid for burns is required in the following cases:

• a child or an elderly person has been injured;
• for burns of the face, respiratory tract, inguinal region;
• first-degree burns, if the affected area is large enough – more than 10% of the body;
• with the second degree of damage, if the injured area occupies about 1% of the body surface;
• third and fourth degree burns;
• for burns that have a chemical or electrical cause;
• if it is impossible to relieve pain;
• when the wound is contaminated with earth;
• in any case if the patient has lost consciousness;
• with fever and general malaise.

For the treatment of severe burns of severe degrees, the victim should be placed in the burn unit. It is necessary to stop the pain shock in a short time and prevent the occurrence of complications.

First of all, it must be remembered that even mild burns can be deadly if a large surface area of ​​​​the body is affected.

Burn treatments

Medical devices

Medical care in the treatment of burns is aimed at restoring the affected tissues. In order to relieve pain and speed up the regeneration process, special tools are used. It should be remembered that when providing first aid for a burn, it is important for the victim to thoroughly disinfect their hands first. To do this, you can use the antiseptic for hands “Sterillum”.

After that, the burn site should be covered with a wound-healing antiseptic dressing “Branolind N” with Peruvian balsam. It has a large-celled structure, into which the discharge from the wound is well absorbed, and Peruvian balm will accelerate healing. The bandage can be on the wound for up to three days, which means that the dressings will not cause much concern to the victim. For reliable and careful fixation of the dressing on the wound, a sterile plaster with a soft absorbent vapor-permeable pad “Cosmopor E” is used. It is attached to the body thanks to hypoallergenic glue and reliably protects the injury site from pollution and mechanical stress.

To provide first aid for burns in case of minor injuries, the bandage can also be fixed with a transparent adhesive bandage “Hydrofilm plus”. Its absorbent pad does not stick to the wound. The transparent polyurethane film has water-repellent properties, which means that the bandage will not peel off even during a shower.

To fix the absorbent bandage in the area of ​​the joint or on other rounded parts of the body, a self-locking bandage “Peha-Haft” is used. It does not hinder movement, it is firmly held on the body. Only 1.5-2 turns of the bandage are enough to fix the bandage. The dressing does not stick to the skin and hair, completely hypoallergenic (latex-free). When fixing with a bandage: Branolind N is applied to the wound from above with a sterile absorbent dressing (Medicomp) and then fixed with a Peha-Haft bandage.

Pharmacy products

If the means described above are not at hand, the question arises: how to treat a burn at home? To provide first aid for burns, you can use the tools that are almost always in the home first aid kit: sterile wipes (“Medicomp”), diluted to a concentration of less than 1% with hydrogen peroxide, furacilin, miramistin. A gauze pad can be soaked with hydrogen peroxide solution, which is applied to the wound for a short time. Furacilin has disinfecting properties and can be used to cleanse the wound before applying the anti-burn agent. Be sure to check with your doctor before using any remedy.

Folk recipes

There is an opinion that first-degree burns do not require any treatment, and to treat the affected area, you can use improvised means, for example, treat the skin with oil and sour cream.