What causes fever. How to treat fever at home. When to seek medical attention for fever. What is the safest way to reduce fever in children. How to give a sponge bath for fever. Why aspirin should be avoided for children with fever.

Understanding Fever: Causes and Implications

Fever is a common physiological response characterized by an elevation in body temperature above the normal range. While the exact threshold can vary, most medical professionals consider a temperature above 101°F (38.3°C) to be a fever. But what triggers this increase in body temperature?

The body’s internal thermostat, located in the brain, regulates our temperature. During a fever, this thermostat is set higher than usual, typically in response to:

• Viral infections
• Bacterial infections
• Heat exhaustion
• Severe sunburn
• Other medical conditions

Importantly, not all fevers require treatment. Temperatures below 101°F generally don’t need intervention unless the individual is uncomfortable or has a history of febrile seizures. Even higher temperatures aren’t inherently dangerous, barring a history of seizures or chronic illness.

Home Management of Fever: Effective Strategies

When faced with a fever, particularly in children, several home remedies can provide relief:

1. Dress lightly, using only a sheet or light blanket for sleeping
2. Encourage increased fluid intake
3. Allow for normal milk consumption, but don’t force solid foods
4. Permit quiet play and rest out of bed
5. Consider over-the-counter medications for temperatures above 101°F or significant discomfort

Medication Options for Fever Reduction

Over-the-counter medications can effectively lower fever. Which options are safe and effective?

• Ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®): Safe for children over 6 months
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol®): Safe for children over 2 months

Always follow package directions or consult a healthcare professional for proper dosing. It’s crucial to use the correct strength, as these medications come in various concentrations.

Can aspirin be used to treat fever in children? No, aspirin should never be given to children for fever reduction. It has been linked to Reye’s syndrome, a potentially fatal condition.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Fever

While many fevers can be managed at home, certain situations warrant immediate medical attention. When should you call a doctor for a child with fever?

• Infants under 2 months with a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
• Extreme lethargy, irritability, or difficulty waking
• Recent exposure to extreme heat (e.g., being in an overheated car)
• Accompanying symptoms such as stiff neck, severe headache, severe sore throat, severe stomachache, unexplained rash, or repeated vomiting and diarrhea
• Underlying conditions that compromise immunity (e.g., sickle cell disease, cancer, frequent oral steroid use)
• Occurrence of a seizure
• Signs of dehydration (dry or sticky mouth, sunken eyes, reduced urination)

Sponge Baths: A Supplementary Fever Reduction Technique

Sponge baths can be an effective adjunct to medication for fevers over 104°F (40°C) or when medication cannot be kept down due to vomiting. How do you administer a sponge bath for fever reduction?

For Children Who Can Sit in a Bathtub:

1. Fill the tub with lukewarm water (85°- 90°F or 29.4°- 32.2°C)
2. Gently sponge water over the child’s skin
3. Allow evaporation to cool the skin and lower the fever

For Children Who Cannot Sit in a Bathtub:

1. Use lukewarm, damp washcloths on the stomach, groin, under the arms, and behind the neck
2. Replace the washcloths as they cool
3. Continue for about 20 minutes, then dry the child and cover with a light blanket
4. Check the temperature after 30 minutes
5. Repeat if the temperature remains above 103°F (39.4°C) or is increasing

Is cold water effective for sponge baths? No, cold water should be avoided as it can cause shivering, potentially increasing body temperature. Similarly, adding alcohol to the bath water is dangerous and should never be done.

Reye’s Syndrome: A Serious Complication to Avoid

Reye’s syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in children and teenagers recovering from viral infections. Why is it crucial to be aware of Reye’s syndrome when treating fever in children?

The use of aspirin in children with viral illnesses, particularly influenza or chickenpox, has been strongly associated with the development of Reye’s syndrome. This is the primary reason why aspirin is not recommended for fever reduction in children.

Symptoms of Reye’s Syndrome

What are the warning signs of Reye’s syndrome? Early symptoms may include:

• Persistent vomiting
• Unusual drowsiness or lethargy
• Confusion or delirium
• Aggressive or irrational behavior

As the condition progresses, more severe symptoms such as seizures, loss of consciousness, and respiratory arrest may occur.

Hydration: A Crucial Aspect of Fever Management

Proper hydration is essential when managing a fever. Why is hydration so important during a fever? Elevated body temperature increases fluid loss through sweating and rapid breathing, potentially leading to dehydration if not addressed.

How can you ensure adequate hydration during a fever?

• Offer fluids frequently, even if the individual isn’t thirsty
• Provide water, clear broths, frozen water or juice pops, or gelatin desserts
• For infants, continue breastfeeding or formula feeding
• Consider oral rehydration solutions for children who are vomiting or have diarrhea

Are there signs that indicate dehydration during a fever? Yes, watch for:

• Dry mouth and lips
• Sunken eyes
• Decreased urine output or dark urine
• Lack of tears when crying
• In infants, a sunken fontanelle (soft spot on the head)

If these signs appear, seek medical attention promptly.

Myths and Misconceptions About Fever

Several common beliefs about fever are not supported by medical evidence. What are some of these misconceptions?

Myth 1: Fever is always harmful

Contrary to popular belief, fever is generally a beneficial response that helps the body fight infection. It can slow the growth and reproduction of bacteria and viruses, enhance immune cell production, and accelerate the body’s healing processes.

Myth 2: All fevers need to be treated with medication

Low-grade fevers, particularly those below 101°F (38.3°C), often don’t require treatment unless they cause discomfort. The goal of fever treatment is to improve comfort rather than to normalize temperature.

Myth 3: Fever will keep rising if left untreated

The body has natural mechanisms to prevent fever from reaching dangerous levels. In most cases, fever will not exceed 105°F (40.6°C) unless caused by extreme environmental conditions or certain rare medical conditions.

Myth 4: Bundling up helps “sweat out” a fever

Bundling up or adding extra blankets can actually increase body temperature and discomfort. Instead, dress lightly and use a light covering to allow the body to cool naturally.

Understanding these myths can help in managing fever more effectively and reducing unnecessary anxiety. Always consult with a healthcare professional if you’re unsure about the best course of action for fever management.

Home Treatment and When to See a Doctor

Fever is an increase in the body’s temperature above the normal range. Body temperature can vary throughout the day, and may be different from one person to the next. It is hard to give an exact temperature for a fever, but most doctors agree that a temperature over 101° F is a fever.

The body’s temperature is controlled by a part of the brain that acts as a thermostat. Fevers are caused when the thermostat is set higher than normal. This is usually in response to an infection from a virus or bacteria. It can also happen with heat exhaustion, extreme sunburn and other medical conditions.

Fevers lower than 101° F do not need to be treated unless your child is uncomfortable or has a history of febrile seizures. Even higher temperatures are not typically dangerous unless there is a history of seizures or long-term illness. More important than the temperature is your child’s behavior. If your child is eating and sleeping well, is playful some of the time, and is comfortable, you may wait to see if the fever improves without treatment.

Home Treatment

• Dress lightly. While your child is sleeping cover him with a sheet or light blanket.

• Try to have your child drink extra fluids.

• Your child can drink milk as normal, but solid food may be hard for him to digest. Do not worry if your child does not want to eat while he has a fever.

• It is okay to let your child up out of bed, but he should play quietly and rest.

• Medicines such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used for a fever higher than 101° F or if your child is uncomfortable. These medications are safe, effective ways to lower the fever. Acetaminophen (Tylenol®) may be used in all children over 2 months. Ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®) may be used in children over 6 months. Follow the package directions or talk to your doctor or pharmacist for dosing instructions. Do NOT give aspirin to children. Aspirin has been linked to a disease called Reye’s syndrome, which can be fatal.

Caution: Medicines that reduce fever come in different strengths. Make sure you are using the correct strength before giving it to your child.

When to Call the Doctor

Call your child’s doctor immediately if your child has a fever and:

• Is younger than 2 months of age and has a rectal temperature of 100.4° F or higher.

• Looks very ill, is very fussy, or is hard to wake up.

• Has been in an extremely hot place, such as an overheated car.

• Has a stiff neck, severe headache, severe sore throat, severe stomachache, unexplained rash, or repeated vomiting and diarrhea.

• Has a condition that lowers immunity, such as sickle cell disease, cancer, or frequent oral steroid use.

• Has had a seizure.

• Shows signs of dehydration – dry or sticky mouth, sunken eyes, not urinating.

Sponge Baths

Sponge baths may be used along with medicines to treat a fever over 104° F. Or sponge baths can be used to lower the temperature if your child is vomiting and cannot keep medicine down. Sponge baths usually start to work within 15 minutes.

To give a sponge bath for a child that can be put in the bathtub:

• Place your child in a bathtub with lukewarm (85°- 90° F) water. Sponge water over his skin. Evaporation will help cool the skin and lower the fever.

• If your child cannot sit in the bathtub, lay lukewarm wet washcloths on his stomach, groin, under the arms and behind the neck.

• Do not use cold water to sponge your child. This is uncomfortable and could cause shivering. This can increase the temperature.

• Do not add alcohol to the water. Alcohol can be absorbed into the skin or inhaled. This can cause serious problems, such as coma.

• If your child struggles with the sponge bath, let him play in the water. If he still is upset, it is better to stop, even if the temperature is still high.

To give a sponge bath for a child that cannot be put in the bathtub:

• Dip washcloths in warm – not hot, water and wring them out. Place washcloths on the child’s stomach, groin, under the arms, and behind the neck.

• Change the washcloths as soon as they start to cool. The cool washcloths should be replaced with warm washcloths.

• After 20 minutes, remove the washcloths and dry your child. Cover your child with a light blanket.

• Wait 30 minutes and take your child’s temperature.

• If the temperature is above 103° F or is going higher, repeat the sponging.

Fever (PDF)

HH-I-105 10/75 Revised 9/10 Copyright 1975-2010, Nationwide Children’s Hospital

What Is Reye’s Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

Overview

What is Reye’s Syndrome?

Reye’s syndrome (RS) is primarily a children’s disease, although it can occur at any age. It affects all organs of the body but is most harmful to the brain and the liver–causing an acute increase of pressure within the brain and, often, massive accumulations of fat in the liver and other organs. RS is defined as a two-phase illness because it generally occurs in conjunction with a previous viral infection, such as the flu or chicken pox. The disorder commonly occurs during recovery from a viral infection, although it can also develop 3 to 5 days after the onset of the viral illness. RS is often misdiagnosed as encephalitis, meningitis, diabetes, drug overdose, poisoning, sudden infant death syndrome, or psychiatric illness. Symptoms of RS include persistent or recurrent vomiting, listlessness, personality changes such as irritability or combativeness, disorientation or confusion, delirium, convulsions, and loss of consciousness. If these symptoms are present during or soon after a viral illness, medical attention should be sought immediately. The symptoms of RS in infants do not follow a typical pattern; for example, vomiting does not always occur. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that aspirin (salicylate) is the major preventable risk factor for Reye’s syndrome. The mechanism by which aspirin and other salicylates trigger Reye’s syndrome is not completely understood. A “Reye’s-like” illness may occur in children with genetic metabolic disorders and other toxic disorders. A physician should be consulted before giving a child any aspirin or anti-nausea medicines during a viral illness, which can mask the symptoms of RS.

Is there any treatment for Reye’s Syndrome?

There is no cure for RS. Successful management, which depends on early diagnosis, is primarily aimed at protecting the brain against irreversible damage by reducing brain swelling, reversing the metabolic injury, preventing complications in the lungs, and anticipating cardiac arrest. It has been learned that several inborn errors of metabolism mimic RS in that the first manifestation of these errors may be an encephalopathy with liver dysfunction. These disorders must be considered in all suspected cases of RS. Some evidence suggests that treatment in the end stages of RS with hypertonic IV glucose solutions may prevent progression of the syndrome.

What is the prognosis (outlook) if you have Reye’s Syndrome?

Recovery from RS is directly related to the severity of the swelling of the brain. Some people recover completely, while others may sustain varying degrees of brain damage. Those cases in which the disorder progresses rapidly and the patient lapses into a coma have a poorer prognosis than those with a less severe course. Statistics indicate that when RS is diagnosed and treated in its early stages, chances of recovery are excellent. When diagnosis and treatment are delayed, the chances for successful recovery and survival are severely reduced. Unless RS is diagnosed and treated successfully, death is common, often within a few days.

What research is being done?

Much of the research on RS focuses on answering fundamental questions about the disorder such as how problems in the body’s metabolism may trigger the nervous system damage characteristic of RS and what role aspirin plays in this life-threatening disorder. The ultimate goal of this research is to improve scientific understanding, diagnosis and medical treatment of RS.

Resources

Organizations

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

5600 Fishers Lane, CDER-HFD-240

Rockville, MD 20857

Phone: 301.827.4573

Toll-free: 888.INFO.FDA (463.6332)

Website: www.fda.gov

National Reye’s Syndrome Foundation

P.O. Box 829

426 North Lewis

Bryan, OH 43506-0829

Phone: 419.636.2679

Toll-free: 800.233.7393

Fax: 419.636.9897

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.reyessyndrome.org

Source: National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Fever 101: What to do and when to worry

Having a fever can leave you feeling miserable, hot and sweaty — and worried. How high is too high? When is it time to call the doctor? What do these numbers even mean? 

We tend to fear fevers. However, a fever generally means your immune system is doing its job by fighting off infection. A fever is a stimulation of the immune system and is the immune system’s attempt to gain advantage over bacteria or a virus. 

If you are experiencing a fever and other symptoms of COVID-19 — including cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, weakness, muscle pain, diarrhea, vomiting, chills and loss of smell or taste — take the COVID-19 screening questionnaire via MyBSWHealth.

What qualifies as a fever?

Normal body temperature for adults is about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit but given that body temperature varies, the normal range is broad. It is very normal for body temperature to range between 98.6-99.9 and these temperatures (even if they are high for you) are less likely to be a true sign of illness. 

Regular body temperatures generally do not exceed 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit. Therefore, a true fever is when body temperature reaches 100. 4 F (38 deg C). 

Parents, it’s easy to panic when your young child spikes a fever but first, take a deep breath. Keep in mind that kids usually spike fevers faster than adults and the temperatures tend to be higher as well; this is because children have an inexperienced immune system. 

At-home fever remedies

Fortunately, for low-grade fevers, there are a few steps you can take to make yourself more comfortable at home.

Rest

Your body needs lots of rest to give your immune system a chance to recover. Keep your body cool by sleeping with light clothing.

Fluids

Fluids are essential since fevers can cause fluid loss and dehydration. For children younger than 1 year old, use oral rehydration products.  

OTC medication

Fever treatment for adults usually depends on the temperature. If the temperature is below 102 degrees and there is minimal discomfort, simple over the counter ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen or aspirin should be adequate.  

OTC medications should be used for children based on age and weight. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce aches and pains, but parents should follow the directions and dose very carefully. Talk to your pediatrician about any medication questions.

When to call your doctor

If your fever reaches higher than 104 degrees Fahrenheit, come in to see your doctor. Also see your doctor if you have additional symptoms such as:

• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness
• Stiff neck
• Trouble breathing
• Severe pain
• Swelling or inflammation in the body
• Pain with urination
• Any malodorous vaginal discharge

If your child is less than 3 months old and has a fever, seek care immediately. For children older than 3 months old, seek medical care if their fever reaches 102 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. 

Fever with any of the following symptoms can also be a cause for concern in children:

• Non-blanching dark rashes
• Extreme irritability or lethargy
• Severe pain
• Difficulty moving a part of the body (most importantly the neck)
• Trouble breathing or quick/forceful breathing
• Poor appetite or fluid intake with decreased urine output

If ever in doubt, please reach out to your primary care physician. We can help you evaluate your symptoms and guide you in the right direction so you or your child can get the care you need.

Worried about a fever? Find a doctor near you or schedule a virtual visit today.

Related Articles

Fever: First aid – Mayo Clinic

A fever is a rise in body temperature. It’s usually a sign of infection. The fever itself is generally harmless and probably helpful. Fevers usually don’t need treatment.

The average body temperature is 98.6 F (37 C). But normal body temperature can range between 97 F (36.1 C) and 99 F (37.2 C) or more. Your body temperature can vary depending on how active you are or the time of day. Generally, older people have lower body temperatures than younger people have.

The following thermometer readings generally indicate a fever:

• Rectal, ear or temporal artery temperature of 100.4 (38 C) or higher
• Oral temperature of 100 F (37. 8 C) or higher
• Armpit temperature of 99 F (37.2 C) or higher

Should I treat a fever?

When you or your child is sick, the main goal is to relieve discomfort and promote rest. Treating a fever neither shortens nor particularly prolongs the course of an illness.

Treating fever in a child

Children with relatively high fevers may not look or act particularly sick. Treating a fever depends on the degree of discomfort. If your child is uncomfortable or restless, these home care strategies may help:

• Encourage your child to drink fluids
• Dress your child in lightweight clothing.
• Use a light blanket if your child feels chilled, until the chills end.
• Don’t give aspirin to children or teenagers.
• Don’t give an infant any type of pain reliever until after you’ve contacted a doctor and your child has been evaluated.
• If your child is 6 months old or older, give your child acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others). Read the label carefully for proper dosing.

When to seek medical advice for a child

If your baby is less than 3 months old and has a fever, it’s important to get medical help immediately.

Seek medical care if a child of any age shows any of the following:

• Fussiness, or acting abnormally, which doesn’t improve even after taking medications to bring down the fever
• Signs and symptoms of dehydration, such as no wet diapers over eight to 10 hours, crying without tears, a dry mouth or refusing to drink any fluids
• Stiff neck or a headache
• Abdominal pain
• Trouble breathing
• Rash
• Joint pain or swelling

Also get medical help if the fever lasts more than five days in a row.

Treating fever in an adult

Adults with fevers of 103 F (39.4 C) or higher will generally look and act sick. The main goal of treatment is to relieve discomfort and help you get rest.

To treat a fever at home:

• Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
• Dress in lightweight clothing.
• Use a light blanket if you feel chilled, until the chills end.
• Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others). Follow the directions on the label.

When to seek medical advice for an adult

Seek medical care if someone with a fever has any of the following signs and symptoms:

• Difficulty breathing
• Chest pain
• Severe headache
• Confusion or agitation
• Abdominal pain
• Repeated vomiting
• Dry mouth, decreased or dark urine, or refusal to drink fluids, which may indicate dehydration
• Skin rashes
• Difficulty swallowing fluids
• Pain with urination or pain in the back

When to seek emergency care

Seek emergency medical care if your child has a fever after being left in a hot car or involved in another such potentially dangerous situation and shows any of these warning signs:

• Fever with no sweating
• Severe headache
• Seizures
• Stiff neck
• Confusion
• Repeated vomiting or diarrhea
• Irritability or significant discomfort
• Any worrisome, different or unusual symptoms

Fahrenheit-Celsius conversion table
Fahrenheit	Celsius
105	40. 6
104	40.0
103	39.4
102	38.9
101	38.3
100	37.8
99	37.2
98	36.7
97	36.1
96	35.6

How to take a temperature

Always use a digital thermometer to check someone’s temperature. Various types are available:

• Rectal thermometers are used in the rectum.
• Oral thermometers are used in the mouth.
• Temporal artery thermometers use an infrared scanner to measure the temperature of the temporal artery in the forehead.
• Armpit (axillary) and ear (tympanic membrane) thermometers, which are less accurate.

Because of the potential for mercury exposure or ingestion, glass mercury thermometers have been phased out and are no longer recommended.

No matter which type of thermometer you use, take these precautions when using it:

• Read the instructions that came with the thermometer.
• Clean the thermometer before and after each use with rubbing alcohol or soap and lukewarm water.
• Don’t use the same thermometer for both oral and rectal temperatures. Get two and label which is used where.
• Never leave a child unattended while taking his or her temperature.

Rectal temperature (for infants)

• Turn on the digital thermometer and dab petroleum jelly or another lubricant on the tip of the thermometer.
• Lay the child on his or her stomach or side, with knees flexed.
• Carefully insert the tip 1/2 to 1 inch (1.3 to 2.5 centimeters) into the rectum.
• Hold the thermometer and child still until the thermometer beep indicates it’s done. To avoid injury, don’t let go of the thermometer while it’s inside the child.
• Remove the thermometer and read the number.

Oral temperature

• Turn on the digital thermometer. Place the thermometer tip under the tongue.
• Close the mouth around the thermometer for the recommended amount of time or until the thermometer beep indicates it’s done.
• Remove the thermometer and read the number.

Temporal artery temperature

• Turn on the digital thermometer. Gently sweep it across the forehead and read the number.

Armpit temperature

• Turn on the digital thermometer. Place the thermometer under the armpit, making sure it touches skin, not clothing.
• Hold the thermometer tightly in place until you hear the thermometer beep indicating it’s done.
• Remove the thermometer and read the number.

Ear temperature

• Turn on the digital thermometer. Gently place it in the ear canal no further than indicated by the instructions that came with the device.
• Hold the thermometer tightly in place until you hear the thermometer beep indicating it’s done.
• Remove the thermometer and read the number.

Sept. 11, 2019

Show references

1. Fever in children. National Health Service. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/fever-in-children/. Accessed Aug. 27, 2019.
2. Fever. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/biology-of-infectious-disease/fever?query=Fever%20in%20Adults. Accessed Aug. 27, 2019.
3. Walls RM, et al., eds. Fever in the adult patient. In: Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 27, 2019.
4. Ward MA. Fever in infants and children: Pathophysiology and management. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 27, 2019.
5. Roberts JR, et al., eds. Vital signs measurement. In: Roberts and Hedges’ Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 27, 2019.
6. Sullivan JE, et al. Clinical report — Fever and antipyretic use in children. Pediatrics. 2011; doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3852.
7. Fever. American College of Emergency Physicians. http://www.emergencycareforyou.org/emergency-101/fever/. Accessed Aug. 27, 2019.
8. Hockenberry MJ, et al. Communication, physical and developmental assessment. In: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 27, 2019.

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Fever (0-12 Months)

Is this your child’s symptom?

• An abnormal high body temperature
• Fever is the only symptom. Your child has a true fever if:
• Rectal (bottom), Ear or Forehead temperature: 100.4° F (38.0° C) or higher
• Under the arm (armpit) temperature: 99° F (37.2° C) or higher
• Caution: Ear temperatures are not accurate before 6 months of age
• Caution: Forehead temperatures must be digital. Forehead strips are not accurate.

Causes of Fever

• Overview. Almost all fevers are caused by a new infection. Viruses cause 10 times more infections than bacteria. The number of germs that cause an infection are in the hundreds. Only a few common ones will be listed.
• Viral Infections. Colds, flu and other viral infections are the most common cause. Fever may be the only symptom for the first 24 hours. The start of viral symptoms (runny nose, cough, loose stools) is often delayed. Roseola is the most extreme example. Fever may be the only symptom for 2 or 3 days. Then a rash appears.
• Bacterial Infections. A bladder infection is the most common cause of silent fever in girls. Strep throat is also a common cause of unexplained fever.
• Vaccine Fever. Fever with most vaccines begins within 12 hours. It lasts 2 to 3 days. This is normal and harmless. It means the vaccine is working.
• Newborn Fever (Serious). Fever that occurs during the first 3 months of life can be serious. All of these babies need to be seen as soon as possible. The fever may be due to sepsis (a bloodstream infection). Bacterial infections in this age group can get worse quickly. They need rapid treatment.
• Meningitis (Very Serious). A bacterial infection of the membrane that covers the spinal cord and brain. The main symptoms are a stiff neck, headache and confusion. Younger children are lethargic or so irritable that they can’t be consoled. If not treated early, can suffer brain damage.
• Overheated. The fever is usually low grade. Can occur during heat waves or from being overdressed. The temp becomes normal in a few hours after moving to a cooler place. Fever goes away quickly with rest and drinking extra fluids.
• Not Due to Teething. Research shows that “getting teeth” does not cause fevers.

Fever and Crying

• Fever on its own shouldn’t cause much crying.
• Frequent crying in a child with fever is caused by pain until proven otherwise.
• Hidden causes can be ear infections, kidney infections, sore throats and meningitis.

Normal Temperature Range

• Rectal. A reading of 98.6° F (37° C) is just the average rectal temp. A normal low can be 96.8° F (36° C) in the morning. It can change to a high of 100.3° F (37.9° C) late in the day. This is a normal range.

When to Call for Fever (0-12 Months)

Call 911 Now

• Not moving
• Can’t wake up
• Severe trouble breathing (struggling for each breath; can barely speak or cry)
• Purple or blood-colored spots or dots on skin
• You think your child has a life-threatening emergency

Call Doctor or Seek Care Now

• Trouble breathing, but not severe
• Great trouble swallowing fluids or spit
• Fever in baby less than 12 weeks old. Caution: Do NOT give your baby any fever medicine before being seen.
• Fever over 104° F (40° C)
• Shaking chills (shivering) lasting more than 30 minutes
• Nonstop crying or cries when touched or moved
• Won’t move an arm or leg normally
• Dehydration suspected. No urine in over 8 hours, dark urine, very dry mouth and no tears.
• Weak immune system. Examples are sickle cell disease, HIV, cancer, organ transplant, taking oral steroids.
• Your child looks or acts very sick
• You think your child needs to be seen, and the problem is urgent

Contact Doctor Within 24 Hours

• Age 3-6 months old with fever
• Age 6-12 months old with fever that lasts more than 24 hours. There are no other symptoms (such as cough or diarrhea).
• Fever lasts more than 3 days
• Fever returns after gone for more than 24 hours
• You think your child needs to be seen, but the problem is not urgent

Contact Doctor During Office Hours

• You have other questions or concerns

Self Care at Home

• Fever with no other symptoms and your child acts mildly ill

Seattle Children’s Urgent Care Locations

If your child’s illness or injury is life-threatening, call 911.

Care Advice for Fever

1. What You Should Know About Fever:
   • Having a fever means your child has a new infection.
   • It’s most likely caused by a virus.
   • You may not know the cause of the fever until other symptoms develop. This may take 24 hours.
   • For infants more than 3 months old, most fevers are good for sick children. They help the body fight infection.
   • Use the ranges below to help put your child’s level of fever into perspective:
   • 100° – 102° F (37.8° – 39° C) Low grade fever: helpful, good range. Don’t treat.
   • 102° – 104° F (39 – 40° C) Average fever: helpful. Treat if causes discomfort.
   • Over 104° F (40° C) High fever: causes discomfort, but harmless. Always treat.
   • Over 106° F (41.1° C) Very high fever: important to bring it down. Rare to go this high.
   • Over 108° F (42.3° C) Dangerous fever: fever itself can be harmful.
2. Treatment for All Fevers – Extra Fluids:
   • Fluids alone can lower the fever. Reason: being well hydrated helps the body give off heat through the skin.
   • Offer your child extra water or other fluids by mouth. Cold fluids are better. Until 6 months old, only give extra formula or breastmilk.
   • For all children, dress in 1 layer of light weight clothing, unless shivering. Reason: also helps heat loss from the skin.
   • Caution: if a baby under 1 year has a fever, never overdress or bundle up. Reason: Babies can get over-heated more easily than older children.
   • For fevers 100°-102° F (37.8° – 39°C), fever meds are rarely needed. Fevers of this level don’t cause discomfort. They do help the body fight the infection.
   • Exception: if you feel your child also has pain, treat it.
3. Fever Medicine:
   • Caution: Do not give a baby under 3 months any fever medicine. Most of these babies will need to be seen.
   • Fevers only need to be treated with medicine if they cause discomfort. Most often, that means fevers above 102° F (39° C). Also use for shivering (shaking chills). Shivering means the fever is going up.
   • For fevers above 102° F (39° C), give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol).
   • Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil) if over 6 months old.
   • Goal of treatment: Bring the temperature down to a comfortable level. Most often, the fever meds lower the fever by 2° to 3° F (1 – 1.5° C). They do not bring it down to normal. It takes 1 or 2 hours to see the effect.
   • Do not use aspirin. Reason: Risk of Reye syndrome, a rare but serious brain disease.
   • Do not use both acetaminophen and ibuprofen together. Reason: Not needed and a risk of giving too much.
4. Return to Child Care:
   • Your child can return to child care after the fever is gone. Your child should feel well enough to join in normal activities.
5. What to Expect:
   • Most fevers with viral illnesses range between 101° and 104° F (38.4° and 40° C).
   • They may last for 2 or 3 days.
   • They are not harmful.
6. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Your child looks or acts very sick
   • Any serious symptoms occur such as trouble breathing
   • Fever goes above 104° F (40° C)
   • Any fever occurs if less than 12 weeks old
   • Fever without other symptoms lasts more than 24 hours
   • Fever lasts more than 3 days (72 hours)
   • You think your child needs to be seen
   • Your child becomes worse

And remember, contact your doctor if your child develops any of the ‘Call Your Doctor’ symptoms.

Disclaimer: this health information is for educational purposes only. You, the reader, assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it.

Last Reviewed: 09/23/2021

Last Revised: 03/11/2021

Copyright 2000-2021 Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.

Fever Instructions – Pediatric Associates of Madison

DEFINITION Your child has a fever if any of the following apply:

• Rectal temperature is over 100.4° F (38.0° C).
• Oral temperature is over 100.4° F (38.0° C).
• Axillary (armpit) temperature is over 99.4° F (37.5° C)
• Ear (tympanic) and temporal temperatures are not as accurate and should not be used in children less than 6 months.

The body’s average temperature when it is measured orally is 98.6° F (37.0° C), but it normally fluctuates during the day. Mild elevation (100.4° to 101.3° F or 38° to 38.5° C) can be caused by exercise, excessive clothing, a hot bath, or hot weather. Warm food or drink can also raise the oral temperature. If you suspect such an effect on the temperature of your child, take his or her temperature again in one-half hour.

Causes
Fever is a symptom, not a disease. Fever is the body’s normal response to infections and plays a role in fighting them. Fever turns on the body’s immune system. The usual fevers (100° to 104° F [37.8° to 40° C]) that all children get are not harmful. Most are caused by viral illnesses; some are caused by bacterial illnesses. Teething does not cause fever.

Expected Course
Most fevers with viral illnesses range between 101° and 104° F (38.3° to 40° C) and last for 2 to 3 days. In general, the height of the fever does not relate to the seriousness of the illness. How sick your child acts is what counts. Fever causes no permanent harm until it reaches 107° F (41.7° C). Fortunately, the brain’s thermostat keeps untreated fevers below this level.

HOME CARE:
Treat All Fevers with Extra Fluids and Less Clothing. Encourage your child to drink extra fluids, but do not force him or her to drink. Popsicles and iced drinks are helpful. Body fluids are lost during fevers because of sweating.

Clothing should be kept to a minimum because most heat is lost through the skin. Do not bundle up your child; it will cause a higher fever. During the time your child feels cold or is shivering (the chills), give him or her a light blanket.

Acetaminophen Products for Reducing Fever. Children older than 2 months of age can be given any one of the acetaminophen products. Remember that fever is helping your child fight the infection. Use drugs only if the fever is over 102° F (39° C) and preferably only if your child is also uncomfortable. Give the correct dosage for your child’s age every 4 to 6 hours, but no more often.

Two hours after they are given, these drugs will reduce the fever 2° to 3° F (1° to 1.5° C). Medicines do not bring the temperature down to normal unless the temperature was not very elevated before the medicine was given. Repeated dosages of the drugs will be necessary because the fever will go up and down until the illness runs its course. If your child is sleeping, don’t awaken him for medicines.

Caution: The dropper that comes with one product should not be used with other brands. Dosages of Acetaminophen.

Avoid Aspirin
The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that children (through 21 years of age) not take aspirin if they have chickenpox or influenza (any cold, cough or sore throat symptoms). This recommendation is based on several studies that have linked aspirin to Reye’s syndrome, a severe encephalitis-like illness. Most pediatricians have stopped using aspirin for fevers associated with any illness.

Alternating Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen
If you are instructed by your physician to alternate both products, do it as follows:

• Use both if the fever is over 104° F (40° C) and unresponsive to one medicine alone.
• Give a fever medicine every 4 hours (acetaminophen every 8 hours and ibuprofen every 8 hours).
• Only alternate medicines for 24 hours or less, than return to a single product.

Beware of dosage errors and poisoning (especially if you give one or both products too frequently).

Sponging
Sponging is usually not necessary to reduce fever. Never sponge your child without giving him/her acetaminophen or ibuprofen first. Sponge immediately only in emergencies such as heatstroke, delirium, a seizure from fever, or any fever over 106° F (41.1° C). In other cases, sponge your child only if the fever is over 104° F (40° C), the fever stays that high when you take the temperature again 30 minutes after your child has taken acetaminophen or ibuprofen, and your child is uncomfortable. Until the acetaminophen or ibuprofen has taken effect (by resetting the body’s thermostat to a lower level), sponging will just cause shivering, which is the body’s attempt to raise the temperature.

If you do sponge your child, sponge him/her in lukewarm water (85° to 90° F [29° to 32° C]). Sponging works much faster than immersion, so sit your child in 2 inches of water and keep wetting the skin surface. Cooling comes from evaporation of the water. If your child shivers, raise the water temperature or wait for the acetaminophen or ibuprofen to take effect. Do not expect to get the temperature below 101° F (38.3° C). Do not add rubbing alcohol to the water; it can be breathed in and cause a coma.

Call our office immediately if:

• Your child is less than 3 months old and has a fever.
• The fever is over 105° F (40.6° C).
• Your child looks or acts very sick.
   

Call our office within 24 Hours if:

• Your child is 3 to 6 months old.
• The fever is between 104° and 105° F (40° to 40.6° C), especially if your child is less than 2 years old.
• Your child has had a fever more than 24 hours without an obvious cause of location of infection.
• Your child has had a fever more than 3 days.
• The fever went away for more than 24 hours and then returned.
• You have other concerns or questions.

Fever or Chills, Age 12 and Older

Overview

Fever is the body’s normal and healthy reaction to infection and other illnesses, both minor and serious. It helps the body fight infection. Fever is a symptom, not a disease. In most cases, having a fever means you have a minor illness. When you have a fever, your other symptoms will help you determine how serious your illness is.

Temperatures in this topic are oral temperatures. Oral temperatures are usually taken in older children and adults.

Normal body temperature

Most people have an average body temperature of about 98.6°F (37°C), measured orally (a thermometer is placed under the tongue). Your temperature may be as low as 97.4°F (36.3°C) in the morning or as high as 99.6°F (37.6°C) in the late afternoon. Your temperature may go up when you exercise, wear too many clothes, take a hot bath, or are exposed to hot weather.

Fever temperatures

A fever is a high body temperature. A temperature of up to 102°F (38.9°C) can be helpful because it helps the body fight infection. Most healthy children and adults can tolerate a fever as high as 103°F (39. 4°C) to 104°F (40°C) for short periods of time without problems. Children tend to have higher fevers than adults.

The degree of fever may not show how serious the illness is. With a minor illness, such as a cold, you may have a temperature, while a very serious infection may cause little or no fever. It is important to look for and evaluate other symptoms along with the fever.

If you are not able to measure your temperature with a thermometer, you need to look for other symptoms of illness. A fever without other symptoms that lasts 3 to 4 days, comes and goes, and gradually reduces over time is usually not a cause for concern. When you have a fever, you may feel tired, lack energy, and not eat as much as usual. High fevers are not comfortable, but they rarely cause serious problems.

Oral temperature taken after smoking or drinking a hot fluid may give you a false high temperature reading. After drinking or eating cold foods or fluids, an oral temperature may be falsely low. For information on how to take an accurate temperature, see the topic Body Temperature.

Causes of fever

Viral infections, such as colds and flu, and bacterial infections, such as a urinary tract infection or pneumonia, often cause a fever.

Travel outside your native country can expose you to other diseases. Fevers that begin after travel in other countries need to be evaluated by your doctor.

Fever and respiratory symptoms are hard to evaluate during the flu season. A fever of 102°F (38.9°C) or higher for 3 to 4 days is common with the flu. For more information, see the topic Respiratory Problems, Age 12 and Older.

Recurrent fevers are those that occur 3 or more times within 6 months and are at least 7 days apart. Each new viral infection may cause a fever. It may seem that a fever is ongoing, but if 48 hours pass between fevers, then the fever is recurring. If you have frequent or recurrent fevers, it may be a symptom of a more serious problem. Talk to your doctor about your fevers.

Treating a fever

In most cases, the illness that caused the fever will clear up in a few days. You usually can treat the fever at home if you are in good health and do not have any medical problems or significant symptoms with the fever. Make sure that you are taking enough foods and fluids and urinating in normal amounts.

Low body temperature

If a low body temperature is your only symptom, it is not something to worry about. If a low body temperature occurs with other symptoms, such as chills, shaking, breathing problems, or confusion, then this may be a sign of more serious illness.

Low body temperature may occur from cold exposure, shock, alcohol or drug use, or certain metabolic disorders, such as diabetes or hypothyroidism. A low body temperature may also be present with an infection, particularly in newborns, older adults, or people who are frail. An overwhelming infection, such as sepsis, may also cause an abnormally low body temperature.

Check your symptoms to decide if and when you should see a doctor.

Home Treatment

It’s easy to become dehydrated when you have a fever.

In the early stages, you may be able to correct mild to moderate dehydration with home treatment measures. It is important to control fluid losses and replace lost fluids.

Adults and children age 12 and older

If you become mildly to moderately dehydrated:

• Stop your activity and rest.
• Drink a rehydration drink, water, juice, or sports drink to replace fluids and minerals. Drink 2 qt (2 L) of cool liquids over the next 2 to 4 hours. You should drink at least 10 glasses of liquid a day to replace lost fluids. You can make an inexpensive rehydration drink at home. But do not give this homemade drink to children younger than 12. Measure all ingredients precisely. Small variations can make the drink less effective or even harmful. Mix the following:
  • 1 quart (1 L) purified water
  • ½ teaspoon (2.5 mL) salt
  • 6 teaspoons (30 mL) sugar

Rest and take it easy for 24 hours, and continue to drink a lot of fluids. Although you will probably start feeling better within just a few hours, it may take as long as a day and a half to completely replace the fluid that you lost.

Many people find that taking a lukewarm [80°F (27°C) to 90°F (32°C)] shower or bath makes them feel better when they have a fever. Do not try to take a shower if you are dizzy or unsteady on your feet. Increase the water temperature if you start to shiver. Shivering is a sign that your body is trying to raise its temperature.Do not use rubbing alcohol, ice, or cold water to cool your body.

Dress lightly when you have a fever. This will help your body cool down. Wear light pajamas or a light undershirt. Do not wear very warm clothing or use heavy bed covers. Keep room temperature at 70°F (21°C) or lower.

If you are not able to measure your temperature, you need to look for other symptoms of illness every hour while you have a fever and follow home treatment measures.

Be sure to check your temperature every 2 to 4 hours to make sure home treatment is working.

Symptoms to watch for during home treatment

Call your doctor if any of the following occur during home treatment:

• Level of consciousness changes.
• You have signs of dehydration and you are unable to drink enough to replace lost fluids. Signs of dehydration include being thirstier than usual and having darker urine than usual.
• Other symptoms develop, such as pain in one area of the body, shortness of breath, or urinary symptoms.
• Symptoms become more severe or frequent.

90,000 Normal temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit is no longer normal

Nowadays, temperature is measured mainly with digital thermometers. Photo: WSJ

Almost 150 years ago, a German physician analyzed a million temperature readings in 25,000 patients and concluded that the normal human body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, or 37 degrees Celsius.

(In post-Soviet countries, the normal temperature values ​​are slightly different: 36.6 degrees Celsius, or 97.9 degrees Fahrenheit).

This standard has been published in many medical textbooks and has helped generations of parents judge how seriously ill their child is.

But at least two dozen modern studies have shown that this value is too high. The information received suggests that the data published in 1869 by Karl Wunderlich was erroneous.

In a new study, scientists from Stanford University argue that Wunderlich’s average temperature was correct at the time, but it is no longer accurate because the human body has changed in recent years.

Today, they say, the average normal human body temperature is closer to 97.5 degrees Fahrenheit (36.1 degrees Celsius).

“This has a huge impact on the population,” says Philip Matskoviak, emeritus professor of medicine at the University of Maryland Medical and editor of Fever: Basic Mechanisms and Control.

Body temperature is an indicator of metabolic rate, and if it drops, it can provide clues about other physiological changes over time.

Research data from Stanford University. Infographic: WSJ

“People are taller, weightier and live longer,” said Julie Parsonnet, who specializes in infectious diseases at Stanford. “Temperature is related to all metrics.”

To test their hypothesis that normal body temperature is lower today than in the past, Dr. Parsonnet and her research partners analyzed 677,423 temperature readings collected from 189,338 people over 157 years.

The data was contained in pre-1940 Civil War veterans’ retirement records, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1971 to 1974, and the Stanford Integrated Database from 2007 to 2017.

Overall, the temperatures of the Civil War veterans were higher than measurements taken in the 1970s, and in turn, those measurements were higher than those collected in the 2000s.

“I was impressed by this,” admitted Dr. Parsonnet.”The temperature continues to drop at an equal rate.”

A complicating factor for comparisons is that the Wunderlich and Stanford data used different methods and tools.

A person’s temperature can be measured in the mouth, armpit, ear or rectum. Moreover, the temperature in the ear and rectum, as a rule, is half a degree higher than in the oral cavity. The temperature in the armpit is usually one degree lower.

Wunderlich used the axillary method, but used a thermometer that was calibrated above normal, according to Dr. Makowiak, who criticized the work in the Journal of the American Association of Medicine in 1992.(He recommended dropping the Wunderlich standard.)

Civil War records include both axillary and oral temperatures as measured by mercury thermometers. Measurements from the 1970s also used only mercury thermometers. And in the 2000s, doctors were already using digital tools.

The readings of mercury thermometers may differ from digital ones. Photo: Stanford Medicine

Age, time of day, physical activity, and other factors that researchers could not always explain, also affect body temperature.

Nonetheless, Dr. Parsonnet is convinced of the validity of the data. “Wunderlich did a brilliant job,” said Dr. Parsonnet, “but his patients were sick with tuberculosis, they had dysentery, bone infections and other infectious diseases.”

According to her, for his study, Wunderlich tried to measure temperature only in healthy people, but life expectancy at the time was 38 years, and a significant part of the population was affected by chronic infections such as gum disease and syphilis.Dr. Parsonnet suspects that the inflammation caused by these and other chronic conditions may explain the slightly elevated temperature Wunderlich documented.

Dr. Makoviak also finds this hypothesis convincing. “The bottom line is that the average temperature in Americans has dropped over that time,” said Dr. McCowiak. “If this observation is real, its explanation is very reasonable.”

Given the accumulated evidence, Frank Ruely, director of the Institute for Evolutionary Medicine at the University of Zurich, who peer-reviewed the Stanford study, believes that “medical standards, guidelines and thresholds for body temperature for medical intervention should be adjusted.”

This is very important for researchers and clinicians who need to make decisions about when and how to treat patients. But for most of us, thermometer readings matter less than overall well-being.

“If you are sick, you feel sick,” said Dr. Parsonnet, “regardless of your temperature.”

Temperature scale. Scale Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Reaumur

History

The word “temperature” originated in those days when people believed that more heated bodies contain more of a special substance – caloric than less heated ones.Therefore, temperature was perceived as the strength of a mixture of body matter and caloric. For this reason, the units for measuring the strength of alcoholic beverages and temperature are called the same – degrees.

From the fact that temperature is the kinetic energy of molecules, it is clear that it is most natural to measure it in energy units (that is, in the SI system in joules). However, the measurement of temperature began long before the creation of the molecular-kinetic theory, therefore, practical scales measure temperature in arbitrary units – degrees.

Kelvin scale

In thermodynamics, the Kelvin scale is used, in which the temperature is measured from absolute zero (the state corresponding to the minimum theoretically possible internal energy of the body), and one kelvin is equal to 1 / 273.16 of the distance from absolute zero to the triple point of water (the state in which ice, water and water vapor are in equilibrium). The Boltzmann constant is used to convert kelvin into energy units. Derivative units are also used: kilokelvin, megakelvin, millikelvin, etc.d.

Celsius scale

In everyday life, the Celsius scale is used, in which the freezing point of water is taken as 0, and the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure is taken as 100 °. Since the freezing and boiling points of water are not well defined, currently the Celsius scale is determined through the Kelvin scale: Celsius is equal to Kelvin, absolute zero is taken as −273.15 ° C. The Celsius scale is practically very convenient, since water is very common on our planet and our life is based on it.Zero Celsius is a special point for meteorology, since the freezing of atmospheric water changes everything significantly.

Fahrenheit

In England and especially in the USA the Fahrenheit scale is used. On this scale, the interval from the temperature of the coldest winter in the city where Fahrenheit lived to the temperature of the human body is divided by 100 degrees. Zero degrees Celsius is 32 degrees Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit is 5/9 degrees Celsius.

The current definition of Fahrenheit is a temperature scale with 1 degree (1 ° F) equal to 1/180 of the difference between the boiling point of water and ice melting at atmospheric pressure, and the melting point of ice is + 32 ° F.Fahrenheit temperature is related to Celsius temperature (t ° C) by t ° C = 5/9 (t ° F – 32), that is, a 1 ° F change in temperature corresponds to a 5/9 ° C change. Proposed by G. Fahrenheit in 1724.

Reaumur scale

Proposed in 1730 by R.A. Réaumur, who described the alcohol thermometer he invented.

Unit – Degree Reaumur (° R), 1 ° R is equal to 1/80 of the temperature interval between the reference points – the temperature of ice melting (0 ° R) and boiling point of water (80 ° R)

1 ° R = 1.25 ° C.

At present, the scale has fallen out of use; it has been preserved for the longest time in France, in the author’s homeland.

Comparison of temperature scales

¹ Normal human body temperature is 36.6 ° C ± 0.7 ° C, or 98.2 ° F ± 1.3 ° F. The commonly quoted value of 98.6 ° F is the exact conversion to Fahrenheit of 37 ° C in 19th century Germany. Since this value is not included in the normal temperature range according to modern concepts, we can say that it contains excessive (incorrect) accuracy. Some values ​​in this table have been rounded.

Fahrenheit and Celsius comparison

( ^o F – Fahrenheit scale, ^o C – Celsius scale)

To convert degrees Celsius to Kelvin, use the formula T = t + T ₀ where T is the temperature in Kelvin, t is the temperature in degrees Celsius, T ₀ = 273.15 kelvin. In terms of size, a degree Celsius is equal to Kelvin.

Geratherm thermometer (Geratherm) non Contact GT 101 electronic digital non-contact

Short description

Measures the temperature of a person without contact at a distance of up to 5 cm from the forehead, as well as the ambient temperature, the temperature of the surface of the water in the bathroom, baby food in a bottle and any other objects in the range from 0 to 100 -C. Memory
The user can recall the values ​​of the last 30 measurements from the memory, thus the temperature fluctuations can be better tracked.

Indications

Thermometer for regular measurement and control of temperature

Way
application and dosage

APPLICATION:
1. Press the on / off button; … The display is activated and shows all symbols for 2 seconds.
2. The values ​​of the last two measurements are displayed automatically for 2 seconds with the symbol M; on display.
3. The thermometer is ready for measurement as soon as the sign C or F starts flashing and a beep sounds .;
4. Press the mode toggle button until the head appears on the display.You are now in body temperature measurement mode.
5. Aim the thermometer at the center of the forehead at a distance of less than 5 cm. If the forehead is covered with hair, dirt or sweat, wipe it off first to achieve optimal measurement accuracy.
6. Press the START button and move the thermometer evenly from the center of the forehead to the temples (about 1 cm above the eyebrows). The illuminated blue pilot light indicates the measuring area.
7. After 3 seconds, a long beep sounds to confirm the completion of the measurement process.If before the sound signal you did not manage to reach the temple area, then repeat the measurement process in accordance with the above procedure, while moving the thermometer faster.
8. Read off the measured temperature value from the display.
– If the measured value is below 37.5 C (99.4 F), a long beep sounds and the result is displayed with a green backlight.
– If the measured value is 37.5 C (99.4 F) or higher, 10 short beeps will sound and the result is shown on the red backlit display.NOTE:
Temperature measurements taken at the measurement sites should not be compared with each other as body temperature differs depending on the measurement site and time of day.
Normal body temperature ranges:
in the anus (rectally) 36.6 C – 38.0 C (97.9 F – 100.4 F)
in the mouth (oral) 35.5 C – 37.5 C (95.9 F – 99.5 F)
armpit (axillary) 34.7C – 37.3C (94.5 F – 99.1 F)
Geratherm non contact: 35.4 C – 37.4 C (95.7 F – 99.3 F)

Special
instructions

Notes:
Before taking measurements, the patient and the thermometer must be kept in a room with a constant temperature for at least 30 minutes.Do not measure baby’s temperature while breastfeeding or immediately thereafter. Do not use the thermometer in an environment with high humidity. Using the thermometer under conditions other than those specified may result in measurement errors. Patients should not drink, eat or exercise before or during measurement. The thermometer should be removed from the measurement area only after the final signal sounds.
10 short beeps and red display illumination; indicate that the patient’s temperature is above 37.5 C (99.4 F).Always measure the temperature in the same place, otherwise the measured values ​​may be different.
In such cases, a control temperature measurement using conventional thermometers is recommended:
1. For newborns during the first 100 days;
2. For children under 3 years of age with a weak immune system in whom the presence or absence of fever is important.
3. When the user learns to use the thermometer and until he is fully familiar with the device and begins to receive the same measurement results.4. If the measurement values ​​are suspiciously low.
MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE OF OBJECTS
1. Proceed according to steps 1-3 of the measurement of body temperature section.
2. Press the mode toggle button until the display shows an image of the house. You are now in object temperature measurement mode.
3. Aim the thermometer at a distance of less than 5 cm at the center of the object whose temperature you want to measure. Press the START button. After 3 seconds, a long beep sounds to confirm the completion of the measurement process.4. Read off the temperature measurement value from the display.

Roster

Geratherm non contact GT-101 thermometer, including batteries
Thermometer case
Operation manual Fill in the composition or equipment for equipment

Thermal imagers for determining and measuring the temperature of the human body

Clinical Study Housing Core Temperature 101.3 F: Sauna Dome Curve – Clinical Study Register

What does 97.9 mean? – Encyclopedia Wikipedia?

Not everyone has a “normal” body temperature – it is the same thing.Yours can be a whole degree different from someone else’s. For a typical adult, the body temperature of could be from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have a slightly higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F.

From this, what is subfebrile temperature for adults?

Fever is when a person’s body temperature is above normal. For most people, approximately 98.6 ° Fahrenheit ( 37 ° Celsius ) is considered normal. Low grade means the temperature is slightly elevated – between 98.7 ° F and 100.4 ° F (37.5 ° C and 38.3 ° C) – and lasts more than 24 hours.

Is it bad to have a temperature of 97? Any temperature of in the range of 97.0 F to 100.0 F is usually not a concern in healthy individuals. But autoinflammatory diseases are not just about the body. temperature . For over 100 years, 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (or 37 degrees Celsius) has been considered the standard for a normal body. temperature .

22 Related Questions, Answers Found

Should the child be allowed to sleep with a temperature?

A fever is a body temperature above normal.And parents should not wake up sleeping child to give fever medications, advises the academy, since sleep is more important for the healing process.

Does low-grade fever mean infection?

infectious causes low – fever

Low – fever can be caused by infections including: Bacterial infection , for example streptococcal sore throat or scarlet fever .Cellulite (skin infection )

How to remove the temperature of a child?

You can treat fever at home with the following methods:

1. Acetaminophen. If your baby is over 3 months old, you can offer him a safe amount of baby paracetamol.
2. Adjust their clothes.
3. Reduce temperature.
4. Take a warm bath.
5. Offer liquids.

How to relieve fever?

How to relieve heat

1. Measure your temperature and assess your symptoms.
2. Stay in bed and rest.
3. Keep hydrated.
4. Take over-the-counter medications such as paracetamol and ibuprofen to lower your fever.
5. Don’t get excited.
6. Take a cool bath or use cold compresses for your comfort.

99.9 is a low-grade fever?

While a mildly high temperature may be a sign that you are ill, it is possible that a number of other factors are affecting your body temperature on a daily basis.As a result, 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit is not considered .

99.6 fever?

Normal Adult Oral temperature can range from 97.6 to 99.6 ° F, although different sources may give slightly different numbers. In adults, the following temperatures indicate someone has fever : at least 100.4 ° F (38 ° C) fever . above 105.8 ° F (41 ° C) – very high fever .

What causes low body temperature?

Low body temperature is usually due to the fact that it is cold outside. But it can also be caused by alcohol or drug use, shock or certain disorders such as diabetes or low thyroid gland. A low body temperature can occur with infection. It is most common in newborns, the elderly, or those in poor health.

Can a viral infection cause low body temperature?

How to dress a child with a high fever at night?

15 minutes warm water bath can help your child fever down. Make sure the water is not cold and remove it if it starts shaking. Dresses your baby easily. Use a sheet instead of a blanket to cover it in bed.

How long does the fever last?

The type of infection causing the fever usually determines how often the fever recurs and how long the fever lasts.Fever caused by viruses can last as little as two to three days and sometimes two weeks. A fever caused by a bacterial infection may continue until the child is treated with antibiotics.

What is Wilson’s syndrome?

Wilson (temperature) syndrome, also called Wilson thyroid syndrome or WTS, is an alternative medicine concept that attributes various general and non-specific symptoms of low body temperature and impaired conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine ( T3) despite normal thyroid function tests.

At what point is fever dangerous?

High-grade fevers range from about 103 F-104 F. dangerously temperatures are full-fledged fevers which range from more than 104 F-107 F or higher (extremely high fevers are also called hyperpyrexia).

97.2 is this subfebrile temperature?

Hypothermia is dangerous low body temperature . Normal body temperature ranges from to 97.2 to 99.5 ° F (36.2 to 37.5 ° C). If your temperature also drops to low to and remains at low for more than a few hours, body organs may be damaged and there is a risk of death.

When should I worry about a child’s fever?

But there are times you should call your pediatrician if your baby has fever : Your baby is younger than 2-3 months. Contact your doctor if he has fever at all, even with a temperature of only 100.4 degrees.

How long can a fever be sustained?

Why is worse at night : In the evening, the body temperature rises naturally, so fever what was insignificant during the day can easily spike during sleep .

How long can a fever be sustained?

Remember, a child has fever when his or her temperature is 38 ° C (100.4 ° F) or higher when measured rectally. If your axillary temperature is 37.8 ° C (100 ° F), your oral temperature is about 38.3 ° C (101 ° F).

95.5 fever?

Your child may need fever medication for fever above 95 ° F (armpit) or 95.5 ° F (oral).

37 fever?

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW: Fever Increase in body temperature above normal.A body temperature above 38.3 degrees Celsius (101 degrees Fahrenheit) can be considered as having fever . The normal oral temperature for an adult of is 37. degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).

What is low-grade fever?

A low – fever is often classified as having an oral temperature above 98.6 ° F (37 ° C) but below over 100.4 ° F (38 ° C) for 24 hours.1 A a fever of 103 ° or higher is of greater concern in adults. Fever Although uncomfortable, they play a key role in the fight against many infections.

Is a low temperature a sign of cancer?

cancer . In rare cases, persistent low fever with no known cause may be a sign of cancer . Persistent fever may be symptom of leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

How long does adult fever last?

Well known 98.6 degrees, that’s okay. temperature is taken orally. In other words, oral temperature 100 degrees before bedtime may be normal. Axillary temperature 99 degrees in the morning may be the onset of fever . »Anything over 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit is considered fever .

Normal temperature 97.4?

Fever is an increase of the normal temperature is . Most children have a normal body temperature between 97.4 and 100.2 degrees Fahrenheit (36.3 and 37.9 degrees Celsius).

Is the temperature 38 degrees high?

Your baby’s normal body temperature is about 37 degrees Celsius. Your child has a lung fever if their temperature is is higher than 38 degrees Celsius.And high temperature usually means more than 39 degrees Celsius. Fever by itself does not tell you if your child is seriously ill.

Is the temperature 38 degrees high?

Chronic: fever lasts longer than three to four days; some doctors consider intermittent fevers that recur over months or years as “chronic” fevers . Intermittent: Fever either changes from normal to Fever levels in one day or Fever may occur one day and recur after about one to three days.

How do you feel about low temperatures?

Decision

1. Be gentle. When helping someone with hypothermia, handle them carefully.
2. Take a person out of the cold.
3. Take off wet clothing.
4. Cover the person with a blanket.
5. Isolate the human body from the cold ground.
6. Watch your breathing.
7. Provide warm drinks.
8. Use warm dry compresses.

What is considered a high temperature?

Definition fever is an elevation in the body temperature or high body temperature . Technically, any body temperature above the normal oral measurement of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 Celsius) or the normal rectal measurement temperature 99 F (37.2 C) is is considered to be elevated.

What time of the day is the highest temperature?

Although 98.6 ° F (37 ° C) is considered normal temperature, body temperature varies from to day. It is lowest in the early morning and highest in the late afternoon – sometimes as high as 99.9 ° F (37.7 ° C). Likewise , does not stay at a constant temperature.

High temperature 38?

A fever is when the body temperature is 38 ° C (100 ° F) or higher . Fever means that body temperature is is higher than than usual.If a child has fever beyond 38 ° C (100 ° F), this usually means that he or she has an infection. Fever can help your child fight illness.

Temperature 99 is a fever?

Definition fever is an elevation in the body temperature or high body temperature . Technically any body temperature is above the normal oral measurement of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 Celsius) or the normal rectal measurement temperature 99 F (37.2 C) is is considered to be increased.

At what temperature of the forehead is there a fever?

Your child has fever if he or she: Has a rectal, ear, or temporal artery temperature 100.4 F (38 C) or higher. Has an oral temperature of 100 F (37.8 C) or higher. Have an armpit temperature 99 F (37.2 C) or higher.

How to lower the temperature naturally?

Well known 98.6 degrees is normal. temperature is taken orally. In other words, oral temperature 100 degrees before bedtime may be normal. Axillary temperature 99 degrees in the morning may be the onset of fever . »Anything over 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit is considered fever .

90,000 Forehead-ear thermometer 32.2 ℉

Product description

Forehead-ear thermometer 32.2 ℉

Brand: KARE4U
Model: ZLK-IRT101
Certificate: CE, FDA
Display resolution: (32.2 ℉) / (0.1 ℃)
± 32.5 ℉ mode:) / ± 0.3 ℃)
Measuring range:
(89.6 ℉ -95 ℉,) ± 32.5 ℉ / (32.5 ℃ -35 ℃, ± 0.3 ℃)
(95 ℉ -107.6 ℉,) ± 32.3 ℉ / (35 ℃ -42 ℃, ± 0.3 ℃)
(95 ℉ -109.4 ℉,) ± 32.5 ℉ / (35 ℃ -43 ℃, ± 0.3)
Measuring distance: 1-10km
Working ambient temperature: (50 ℉ -104 ℉) / (10 ℃ -40 ℃)
Working environment humidity: ≤80% RH
Storage temperature range: (-) 13 ℉ -131 ℉ / (- 25 ℃ -55 ℃)
Power: DC3V
Battery: 2 * AAA batteries
IP rating: IP20
Size: 100x46x160mm (LxWxH )
Weight: 125g (without batteries)
Quantity per carton: 50pcs
Carton size: 61x37x30cm
Gross weight / carton: 8.55kgs

What Infrared Thermometers Do

Infrared thermometers work based on a phenomenon called black body
radiation.Anything at a temperature above absolute zero has
molecules in it moving around. High temperature, fast
movement of molecules. As they move, the molecules emit infrared radiation – type
electromagnetic radiation under the visible spectrum of light. As they get
hot, they emit infrared, and even start to emit visible light. Thatis
is why heated metal can glow red or even white. Infrared thermometers detect
and measure this radiation.

How Infrared Thermometers Work

Infrared light works as visible light — it can be focused, efficiently or
absorbed. Infrared thermometers usually use a lens to focus
infrared light from one object onto a detector called a thermo column. The thermal column absorbs
infrared radiation and turns it into heat. More infrared energy.
hotter receives thermal column. This heat is turned into electricity.The electricity
sends to the detector, which uses it to determine the temperature of anything.
The thermometer is spiky for more electricity, a hotter object.

MEASURING INSTRUCTION

● Alin the probe of the thermometer in the middle of the forehead and keeps it vertical with a distance of
cm 3-5. Press the measure button, and the temperature will be
read and displayed after 1 second with “tick” sound. And then, measurement
is complete.
● Wheng greater change of ambient temperature affects the forehead
temperature, please measure the earlobe at its back.

MAINTENANCE AND PRECAUTIONS

Please keep the inner cavity of the sensor and probe clean, otherwise it will be
will affect the measurement accuracy.
Cleaning 1.Surface: Wipe off the surface soiled with a clean soft cloth or cotton swab with
alcohol or water and medical.
2.Sensor and internal cavity cleaning: use a clean soft cloth or cotton swab to stick and
alcohol itte medical gently wipe the internal cavity of the probe or the top of the
sensor, use until the alcohol is completely evaporated.
● Please read the instructions carefully before using.
● Until immerse the thermometer in any liquid, and leave it under the overhead
or low temperature environment for a long time.
forbidden ● Collision. Dropping and mixing with sharp objects is prohibited,
disassemble by yourself is prohibited.
thermometer ● The te should not be used in sun or water.
use ● Until not in a strong electromagnetic interference environment.
● Cap thermometer from the range of children.
● It is recommended to practice several times to familiarize yourself with the
measuring method, and try to change the product factory settings.
results ● Measurement is no substitute for a doctor’s diagnosis.
service ● But special is required during use, please contact the seller or
the manufacturer if any defect appears.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

1. Switch between body temperature mode and object temperature mode
When in measurement mode, press the “SET” key to switch between object
temperature measurement mode (display shows a small house) and
human body temperature measurement mode (display shows child
smiling face).
2. look up the measured data for the past period
In the shutdown state, press the “MEMO” key to view the last first measured data,
and press it again to view the last second data. The thermometer can store 32
sets of data measured in the human body temperature measurement mode.
Press the “POW” key to get out of view.
3 thermometer parameters set
① turns sound from time to time
In the shutdown state, press and hold the “DIAL” key for 3 seconds until the
screen lights up.In F1 mode, press
“MEMO” to select on / off. Press “POW” to leave
setting.
② set temperature alarm threshold abnormal
In F1 mode, lightly press “DIAL” button to enter F2 mode, in this state, press
“REMINDER” button to set the temperature. Press “POW” to exit the installation.
② set temperature alarm threshold abnormal
In F1 mode, lightly press “DIAL” button to enter F2 mode, in this state, press
“REMINDER” button to set the temperature.Press “POW” to exit the installation.
Temperature compensation ③ set
In F2 mode, lightly press “SET * button” to enter F3 mode, press REMINDER button to
set temperature compensation. This operation is more professional, it
recommended keeping the factory defaults and setting the value to zero.
Press “POW” to exit the installation.
④ Switch between Celsius / Fahrenheit temperature units
In F3 mode, lightly press “SET ° key to enter F4 mode, press“ MEMO ”key to set
temperature unit (Celsius / Fahrenheit switching selection).

Questions and Answers

Q1: The device is on (the screen is measured), but the temperature cannot be
measured
A1: Confirm whether the product enters the measurement data viewing mode or
the parameter setting mode. If you are under this mode, please press the
(POW key) power button to shut down (or wait 1 minute to automatically shut down), and then
press the temperature measurement key after rebooting.
K2: The measurement temperature is obviously too low
A2: Confirm the device under the object temperature measurement
mode. If so, press the SET key once to enter human body temperature
measurement mode. Parameter setting mode and check whether or not
temperature compensation setting is negative. It is recommended to set the
value to 0.
K3: The measurement temperature is obviously too high
A3: Parameter setting mode and check whether the temperature
is the compensation setting is positive.It is recommended to set the value to 0.

NOTES

1. Before and after use, keep the inside of the transducer and probe clean.
2. Please use the thermometer in a stable temperature environment. When
ambient temperature changes significantly (such as temperature difference from
indoor to outdoor), please wait 10 seconds before measuring.
3. Do not start measuring body temperature immediately after measuring
objects with extremely high or low temperatures.Please leave it for 10 minutes
before measuring body temperature.
4. When measured people or objects come from a place with a large
temperature difference from the measurement environment, they must remain in the
measurement environment for at least 5 minutes.
5. try not to measure when blowing, sweating, water, makeup or etc. at
forehead. Do not measure your body temperature 30 minutes after exercise, bath
, or food.
6. Press and hold the INSTALLED button in the shutdown state, and enter the
setting mode after the “beep” sound.Press the SET button to select F4, and use MEMO
button switches between “. Mode Q and ~ F mode. After installing, press POW
button to shutdown.

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