Bp 100 60: Low blood pressure (hypotension) – Diagnosis and treatment
How to Treat Hypertension | Everyday Health
Changes in diet, lifestyle, and medication are among the options for managing high blood pressure.
By Cathy CassataMedically Reviewed by Chung Yoon, MD
Reviewed:
Medically Reviewed
One of the best ways to manage hypertension is with a healthy, low-sodium diet.iStock.com
Most people who have high blood pressure will need lifelong treatment to help ward off or delay serious health problems brought on by the condition.
Treatment for adults is usually aimed at getting to and keeping blood pressure below 130/80 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). (1)
Options to treat high blood pressure may include eating a healthy diet with less salt and taking medication, as well as incorporating additional lifestyle changes.
Manage Hypertension With a Healthy Diet
An important part of a high blood pressure treatment plan is to stick to a healthy diet, including limiting sodium intake.
The U.S. government’s 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend consuming less than 2,300 milligrams (mg) of sodium per day. (2) People with high blood pressure may need to restrict sodium intake even more. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends an ideal limit of no more than 1,500 mg per day for adults with hypertension. (3)
It’s important to pay attention to food labels and choose options that are low-sodium and “no salt added” at the grocery store and while cooking. (4)
Your doctor may recommend the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which focuses on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, and vegetable oils. The DASH plan also limits foods high in saturated fats, including fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils, like coconut and palm oils, as well as sugary drinks and other sweets. (5)
A 2017 study of more than 400 adults with stage 1 high blood pressure found that combining a low-salt diet with the DASH eating plan was as effective as certain drugs in lowering systolic blood pressure.
(6)
RELATED: DASH Diet Linked to a Lower Risk of Depression in Older Adults
Lifestyle Changes to Lower and Manage Hypertension
Additional lifestyle changes can also help you lower and manage blood pressure. These include:
Keeping a Healthy Weight Maintaining a healthy weight can help you control high blood pressure and keep other complications at bay.
Moreover, reducing your weight by just 3 to 5 percent can help lower your risk of health problems related to high blood pressure. (4)
While a body mass index (BMI) — which measures your weight in relation to your height and gives an estimate of your total body fat — of less than 25 is the goal for controlling blood pressure, your doctor can help you determine your specific weight goals. (4)
Exercise Regular exercise can keep your weight under control, as well as help lower your blood pressure.
The AHA recommends an average of 40 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic activity three or four times a week to lower blood pressure.
(7)
Limiting Alcohol Consumption Alcohol can raise your blood pressure, even if you don’t have hypertension, so everyone should monitor alcoholic intake.
Healthy women of all ages and men older than 65 should stick to drinking up to one drink a day, while men 65 and younger should stay within up to two drinks a day. (4)
Not Smoking While smoking is a proven risk factor for heart problems like heart attack and stroke, researchers are still trying to understand its connection to high blood pressure. Both smoking and secondhand exposure to tobacco smoke increase the risk of plaque inside the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which high blood pressure accelerates.
Smoking also causes a temporary increase in blood pressure. (8)
Ask your doctor for tips to quit smoking, and investigate smoking-cessation medication and devices to help you break your addiction to nicotine.
Managing Stress The relationship between stress and high blood pressure is still being studied, but stress is known to contribute to risk factors for hypertension, such as poor diet and excessive alcohol use.
Additionally, stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol make the heart beat faster and constrict blood vessels in preparation for the fight-or-flight response. This raises blood pressure temporarily, but researchers are still studying if chronic stress may impact blood pressure over time. (9)
Learning how to manage stress, relax, and cope with problems can improve your emotional and physical health.
The following ways may help you better manage your stress:
- Practicing relaxation techniques, such as yoga, deep breathing, and meditation, which not only help you relax but also temporarily reduce your blood pressure
- Getting enough sleep (aim for seven to nine hours per night)
- Exercising
- Listening to music or focusing on something calm and peaceful (4)
Medication
Sometimes diet and lifestyle changes may not be enough to manage high blood pressure and medication is needed. There are a variety of blood pressure drugs, known as antihypertensives, available by prescription.
Some of the most common ones include:
- Diuretics These help the body get rid of excess salt and water and help control blood pressure.
- Beta-Blockers These reduce heart rate and the heart’s workload, which in turn lowers blood pressure.
- ACE Inhibitors Also known as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, these help the body produce less of the chemical angiotensin, which causes the arteries to narrow. These drugs help the blood vessels relax and open up, which lowers blood pressure.
- Calcium Channel Blockers These prevent calcium from entering the muscle cells of the heart and arteries. This also helps the blood vessels relax and open up, thus lowering blood pressure.
- Alpha Blockers These reduce the arteries’ resistance and relax the muscle tone of the vascular walls.
- Central Agonists These help decrease sympathetic nervous system activity and the blood vessels’ ability to tense up and contract, thereby helping to lower blood pressure.
(10)
(10)Some of these drugs may be taken in combination to treat hypertension. Your doctor will work with you to find a treatment plan that is best for you.
For many people, taking more than one medication in low doses can be more effective in treating high blood pressure than taking larger doses of one single drug.
Sometimes your doctor may need to try different combinations of drugs in order to determine which is best for you. It is important to follow recommendations carefully and report any side effects to your healthcare provider. (11)
Additional reporting by Ashley Welch.
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Editorial Sources and Fact-Checking
- High Blood Pressure Redefined for First Time in 14 years: 130 is the New High. American Heart Association. November 13, 2017.
- Top 10 Things You Need to Know About the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025. Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
- Shaking the Salt Habit to Lower High Blood Pressure. American Heart Association. October 31, 2016.
- What Is High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. March 24, 2022.
- DASH Eating Plan. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. December 29, 2021.
- Effects of Sodium Reduction and the DASH Diet in Relation to Baseline Blood Pressure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. December 12, 2017.
- American Heart Association Recommendations for Physical Activity in Adults and Kids. American Heart Association. April 18, 2018.
- Smoking, High Blood Pressure, and Your Health. American Heart Association. October 31, 2016.
- Managing Stress to Control High Blood Pressure. American Heart Association. October 31, 2016.
- Types of Blood Pressure Medications. American Heart Association. October 31, 2017.
- What You Should Know About High Blood Pressure and Medications. American Heart Association. October 31, 2016.
October 31, 2016.Show Less
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Why You May Want to Stand Up for Your Blood Pressure Check
If your blood pressure is much higher when you’re standing than when you’re sitting down, you may have a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes.
By Lisa Rapaport
Everyday Health Archive
Fact-Checked
Patients may need multiple blood pressure measurements seated and standing to better identify individuals who have an increased risk for heart attacks and strokes.Yuri Arcurs/Alamy
We’ve all heard of white coat hypertension, when just sitting in the doctor’s office is enough to make our blood pressure climb. Now, a study suggests that if we do have hypertension, we should be more worried about what happens to our blood pressure when we stand up.
Normally, our systolic blood pressure — the “top” number that indicates how much pressure blood exerts against artery walls when the heart beats — dips slightly when we stand. So, scientists wondered if an abnormal response — rising systolic blood pressure upon standing — might serve as an early warning sign for future cardiac events like heart attacks and strokes.
Scientists were surprised to discover that even a slight uptick in blood pressure when standing up could make these events more apt to happen among young and middle-aged adults.
“This finding may warrant starting blood-pressure-lowering treatment, including medicines earlier in patients with exaggerated blood pressure response to standing,” says lead study author Paolo Palatini, MD, a professor of internal medicine at the University of Padova in Italy.
Comparing Sitting Versus Standing Readings
Researchers took sitting, standing, and lying position blood pressure measurements for 1,207 young and middle-aged adults who had what’s known as stage 1 hypertension, which is defined as was defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 to 159 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure — the “bottom” number that shows how much pressure blood exerts on artery walls when the heart rests between beats — of 90 to 100 mmHg.
None of the participants had ever taken blood pressure medication, and none of them had risk factors for heart attacks and strokes like type two diabetes, kidney disease, or heart disease. After an average follow-up period of 17 years, researchers identified 105 cases major cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes.
Significant Increase in Risk of Heart Attack or Stroke
The 10 percent of participants with the biggest spike in blood pressure upon standing were almost twice as likely to experience events like heart attacks and strokes by the end of the study, according to the study, published March 17 in Hypertension. These people had average systolic blood pressure increases of 11.4 mmHg upon standing, and all of them experienced increases greater than 6.5 mmHg.
Among all the others in the study, systolic blood pressure dipped by an average of 3.8 mmHg when they stood up.
Interestingly, the people with the biggest blood pressure increases upon standing had similar cardiovascular risk profiles to others in the study in many ways — they had similar activity levels, similar weight profiles, and similar family histories when it came to cardiovascular events.
People with the biggest standing blood pressure spikes were, however, more likely to smoke.
On the other side of the ledger, they tended to have lower total cholesterol levels as well as lower levels of “bad” LDL cholesterol.
One limitation of the study is that it included only white people and most of the participants were male. Results might be different for women or for people from other racial or ethnic groups.
Multiple Measurements May Be Needed
Even so, the findings suggest that patients may need multiple blood pressure measurements seated and standing to better identify individuals who have an increased risk for heart attacks and strokes, particularly among younger adults.
After adjusting for average blood pressure taken over 24 hours, an exaggerated blood pressure response to standing remained an independent predictor of adverse heart events or stroke.
“The results of the study confirmed our initial hypothesis — a pronounced increase in blood pressure from lying to standing could be prognostically important in young people with high blood pressure,” Dr.
Palatini says. “We were rather surprised that even a relatively small increase in standing blood pressure was predictive of major cardiac events in the long run.”
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Hypertension can raise your risk of heart attack, stroke, and other serious illnesses. Take these steps to keep your blood pressure under control.
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HBG-100-60 Mean Well Living Unit 96W, 60V, 1.6A
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