Choriogonadotropin alfa: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action

Summary

Choriogonadotropin alfa is a recombinant form of human chorionic gonadotropin used to treat female infertility by inducing ovulation.

Brand Names

Ovidrel, Ovitrelle, Pregnyl

Generic Name

Choriogonadotropin alfa

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00097

Background

Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin with 2 subunits, alpha = 92 residues, beta = 145 residues, each with N-and O-linked carbohydrate moieties linked to ASN-52 and ASN-78 (on alpha subunit) and ASN-13, ASN-30, SER-121, SER-127, SER-132 and SER-138 (on beta subunit). The primary structure of the alpha-chain of r-hCG is identical to that of the alpha-chain of hCG, FSH and LH.

Type

Biotech

Groups

Approved

Biologic Classification

Protein Based Therapies
Hormones

Protein Structure

Protein Chemical Formula

C₁₁₀₅H₁₇₇₀N₃₁₈O₃₃₆S₂₆

Protein Average Weight

25719. 7 Da

Sequences

>Alpha chain
APDVQDCPECTLQENPFFSQPGAPILQCMGCCFSRAYPTPLRSKKTMLVQKNVTSESTCC
VAKSYNRVTVMGGFKVENHTACHCSTCYYHKS

>Beta chain
SKEPLRPRCRPINATLAVEKEGCPVCITVNTTICAGYCPTMTRVLQGVLPALPQVVCNYR
DVRFESIRLPGCPRGVNPVVSYAVALSCQCALCRRSTTDCGGPKDHPLTCDDPRFQDSSS
SKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ

Download FASTA Format

Synonyms

• Choriogonadotropin alfa
• Choriogonadotropin alpha
• Chorionic gonadotropin (recombinant)

Indication

For the treatment of female infertility

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Associated Conditions

• Secondary Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

Associated Therapies

• Assisted Reproductive Technology therapy
• Ovulation induction therapy

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Choriogonadotropin alfa is used to treat female infertility, Choriogonadotropin alfa stimulates late follicular maturation and resumption of oocyte meiosis, and initiates rupture of the pre-ovulatory ovarian follicle. Ovidrel is an analogue of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and binds to the LH/hCG receptor of the granulosa and theca cells of the ovary to effect these changes in the absence of an endogenous LH surge.

Mechanism of action

Choriogonadotropin alfa binds to the Follicle stimulating hormone receptor which results in ovulation in the absence of sufficient endogenous Luteinizing hormone.

Target	Actions	Organism
ALutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor	Not Available	Humans
AFollicle-stimulating hormone receptor	binder	Humans

Absorption

The mean absolute bioavailability following a single subcutaneous injection to healthy female volunteers is about 40%.

Volume of distribution

• 5.9 ± 1.0 L

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

One-tenth of the dose is excreted in the urine.

Half-life

The mean terminal half-life is about 29 ± 6 hours (initial half-life is 4.5 ± 0.5 hours).

Clearance

• 0.29 +/- 0.04 L/h [healthy down-regulated females]

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Not Available

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

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International/Other Brands

Profasi (Serono S.A.)

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Chorionic Gonadotropin	Kit	10000 [USP’U]/10mL	Intramuscular	APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC	2011-04-21	2011-04-20	US
Chorionic Gonadotropin	Kit	10000 [USP’U]/10mL	Intramuscular	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2007-07-13	2008-06-30	US
Chorionic Gonadotropin	Kit	10000 [USP’U]/10mL	Intramuscular	Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC	2011-04-21	Not applicable	US
Ovidrel	Injection, solution	250 ug/0.5mL	Subcutaneous	EMD Serono, Inc.	2003-10-06	Not applicable	US
Ovidrel	Solution	250 mcg / 0.5 mL	Subcutaneous	Emd Serono, A Division Of Emd Inc., Canada	2013-05-28	Not applicable	Canada
Ovidrel	Solution	250 mcg / 0.5 mL	Subcutaneous	Emd Serono, A Division Of Emd Inc., Canada	2004-12-20	Not applicable	Canada
Ovitrelle	Injection, solution	250 micrograms/0.5ml	Subcutaneous	Merck Europe B.V.	2016-09-08	Not applicable	EU
Ovitrelle	Injection, solution	250 micrograms	Subcutaneous	Merck Europe B. V.	2016-09-08	Not applicable	EU
Pregnyl	Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit	10000 [USP’U]/10mL	Intramuscular	A-S Medication Solutions	1976-10-20	Not applicable	US
Pregnyl	Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit	10000 [USP’U]/10mL	Intramuscular	Merck Sharp & Dohme Llc	1976-10-20	Not applicable	US

ATC Codes

G03GA08 — Choriogonadotropin alfa

• G03GA — Gonadotropins
• G03G — GONADOTROPINS AND OTHER OVULATION STIMULANTS
• G03 — SEX HORMONES AND MODULATORS OF THE GENITAL SYSTEM
• G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES

Drug Categories

• Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
• Gonadotropins
• Gonadotropins and Antigonadotropins
• Sex Hormones and Modulators of the Genital System

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

Not Available

Kingdom

Organic Compounds

Super Class

Organic Acids

Class

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

Sub Class

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues

Direct Parent

Peptides

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Not Available

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

UNII

6413W06WR3

CAS number

177073-44-8

General References

1. Kayisli UA, Selam B, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Demir R, Arici A: Human chorionic gonadotropin contributes to maternal immunotolerance and endometrial apoptosis by regulating Fas-Fas ligand system. J Immunol. 2003 Sep 1;171(5):2305-13. [Article]
2. Askling J, Erlandsson G, Kaijser M, Akre O, Ekbom A: Sickness in pregnancy and sex of child. Lancet. 1999 Dec 11;354(9195):2053. [Article]

External Links

UniProt

P01233

Genbank

J00117

PubChem Substance

46506863

RxNav

283550

ChEMBL

CHEMBL1201464

Therapeutic Targets Database

DAP001030

PharmGKB

PA164783947

RxList

RxList Drug Page

Drugs.com

Drugs.com Drug Page

Wikipedia

Human_chorionic_gonadotropin

FDA label

Download (97.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Prevention	BRCA 1 Gene Mutation / BRCA 2 Gene Mutation / HCG	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Female Infertility / In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) / Ovarian Reserve	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Infertile Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Infertility	2
4	Completed	Treatment	Infertility / Progesterone Levels	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	IVF / LOW OVARIAN RESPONSE	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Embryo Transfer / Luteal Support	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Infertility	1
3	Completed	Diagnostic	Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)	2

Manufacturers

• Emd serono inc
• Ferring pharmaceuticals inc
• App pharmaceuticals llc
• Bel mar laboratories inc
• Bristol myers squibb
• Organon usa inc

Packagers

• EMD Canada Inc.
• Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Merck KGaA
• Organon Pharmaceuticals

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	250 ug/0.5mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	250 mcg / 0.5 mL
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	250 mcg
Injection, powder, for solution	Subcutaneous	250 MCG
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	250 micrograms/0.5ml
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	250 MCG/0.5ML
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	250 micrograms
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kit	Intramuscular	10000 [USP’U]/10mL
Kit	Intramuscular	10000 [USP’U]/10mL

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Novarel 10000 unit/10ml Solution 1 Vial = 10ml	118. 55USD	vial
Novarel 10000 unit vial	113.99USD	vial
Ovidrel 250 mcg/0.5ml Injectable 0.5ml Syringe	93.22USD	syringe
Pregnyl 10000 unit Solution	60.7USD	vial
Pregnyl 10000 unit vial	57.23USD	vial

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)	Region
US5767251	No	1998-06-16	2015-06-16	US
US6706681	No	2004-03-16	2021-03-16	US

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	55 °C	Forastieri, H. , Ingham, K.C. J. Biol. Chem. 257:7976-7981 (1982)
hydrophobicity	-0.258	Not Available
isoelectric point	8.61	Not Available

Targets

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Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

General Function

Luteinizing hormone receptor activity

Specific Function

Receptor for lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase.

Gene Name

LHCGR

Uniprot ID

P22888

Uniprot Name

Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor

Molecular Weight

78642. 01 Da

References

1. Bodek G, Vierre S, Rivero-Muller A, Huhtaniemi I, Ziecik AJ, Rahman NA: A novel targeted therapy of Leydig and granulosa cell tumors through the luteinizing hormone receptor using a hecate-chorionic gonadotropin beta conjugate in transgenic mice. Neoplasia. 2005 May;7(5):497-508. [Article]
2. Gromoll J, Wistuba J, Terwort N, Godmann M, Muller T, Simoni M: A new subclass of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor lacking exon 10 messenger RNA in the New World monkey (Platyrrhini) lineage. Biol Reprod. 2003 Jul;69(1):75-80. Epub 2003 Feb 19. [Article]
3. Lin W, Bernard MP, Cao D, Myers RV, Kerrigan JE, Moyle WR: Follitropin receptors contain cryptic ligand binding sites. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007 Jan 2;260-262:83-92. Epub 2006 Oct 23. [Article]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Binder

General Function

G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity

Specific Function

Receptor for follicle-stimulating hormone. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Induces cAMP production through the activation of PI3K-AKT and S…

Gene Name

FSHR

Uniprot ID

P23945

Uniprot Name

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor

Molecular Weight

78264.07 Da

References

1. Jameson JL: Inherited disorders of the gonadotropin hormones. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1996 Dec 20;125(1-2):143-9. [Article]
2. Lin W, Bernard MP, Cao D, Myers RV, Kerrigan JE, Moyle WR: Follitropin receptors contain cryptic ligand binding sites. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007 Jan 2;260-262:83-92. Epub 2006 Oct 23. [Article]
3. Tao YX, Segaloff DL: Follicle stimulating hormone receptor mutations and reproductive disorders. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2009;89:115-31. doi: 10.1016/S1877-1173(09)89005-4. Epub 2009 Oct 7. [Article]
4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]

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Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at June 24, 2023 20:45

Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human): Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action

Summary

Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human) is a naturally-occurring hormone produced during human placenta used for the treatment of prepubertal cryptorchidism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in selected males, and induction of pregnancy in selected infertile women.

Brand Names

Novarel, Pregnyl

Generic Name

Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human)

DrugBank Accession Number

DB09126

Background

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta. Endogenously produced HCG interacts with the LHCG receptor of the ovary and promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum during the beginning of pregnancy. This allows the corpus luteum to continuously secrete the hormone progesterone during the first trimester, which is required for maintenance of the uterus and prevents menstruation. In males, HCG also stimulates the production of gonadal steroid hormones by stimulating the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) of the testis to produce androgens.

HCG is composed of an alpha and a beta sub-unit. The alpha sub-unit is essentially identical to the alpha sub­ units of the human pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as to the alpha sub-unit of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), while the beta sub­ units of these hormones differ in amino acid sequence. As a drug product, chorionic gonadotropin is a highly purified pyrogen-free preparation obtained from the urine of pregnant females.

Type

Biotech

Groups

Approved, Vet approved

Biologic Classification

Protein Based Therapies
Hormones

Protein Structure

Protein Chemical Formula

Not Available

Protein Average Weight

Not Available

Sequences

>Alpha Chain
APDVQDCPECTLQENPFFSQPGAPILQCMGCCFSRAYPTPLRSKKTMLVQKNVTSESTCC
VAKSYNRVTVMGGFKVENHTACHCSTCYYHKS

>Beta Chain
SKEPLRPRCRPINATLAVEKEGCPVCITVNTTICAGYCPTMTRVLQGVLPALPQVVCNYR
DVRFESIRLPGCPRGVNPVVSYAVALSCQCALCRRSTTDCGGPKDHPLTCDDPRFQDSSS
SKAPPPSLPSPSRLPGPSDTPILPQ

Download FASTA Format

Synonyms

• Chorionic gonadotrophin
• Chorionic gonadotropin
• Gonadotropin, Chorionic
• Gonadotropin,chorionic
• h-HCG
• hCG
• Human chorionic gonadotropin
• Human menopausal gonadotropin
• Human menopausal gonadotropin (urine derived)
• Human-chorionic gonadotropin
• Urinary hCG

Indication

For the treatment of prepubertal cryptorchidism (not due to anatomical obstruction), for the treatment of selected cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (hypogonadism secondary to a pituitary deficiency) in males and for the induction of ovulation and pregnancy in the anovulatory, infertile woman in whom the cause of anovulation is secondary and not due to primary ovarian failure, and who has been appropriately pretreated with human menotropins.

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Associated Conditions

• Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
• Undescended Testis
• Secondary Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

Associated Therapies

• Ovulation induction therapy
• Stimulation of spermatogenesis therapy

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events

Improve clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.

Learn more

Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.

Learn more

Pharmacodynamics

The action of HCG is virtually identical to that of pituitary LH, although HCG appears to have a small degree of FSH activity as well. It stimulates production of gonadal steroid hormones by stimulating the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) of the testis to produce androgens and the corpus luteum of the ovary to produce progesterone.

Mechanism of action

Target	Actions	Organism
ALutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor	ligand	Humans

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.

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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Not Available

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Drug product information from 10+ global regions

Our datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.

Access now

Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.

Access now

Brand Name Prescription Products

json?group=approved” data-total=”6″>

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Apl Inj 1000 Iu/ml	Liquid	1000 unit / mL	Intramuscular	Ayerst Laboratories	1951-12-31	2000-08-02	Canada
Chorionic Gonadotropin for Injection, USP	Powder, for solution	10000 unit / vial	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	Fresenius Kabi	2004-09-13	Not applicable	Canada
Novarel	Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit	10000 [USP’U]/1	Intramuscular	Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.	1974-01-15	Not applicable	US
Novarel	Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit	5000 [USP’U]/1	Intramuscular	Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.	2017-08-30	Not applicable	US
Pregnyl	Kit; Powder, for solution	10000 unit / vial	Intramuscular	Organon Canada Inc.	1997-08-13	Not applicable	Canada
Profasi Hp Inj 10000unit/vial USP	Powder, for solution	10000 unit / vial	Intramuscular	Pharmascience Inc	1984-12-31	2009-04-29	Canada

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
A.P.L. – Pws-liq	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human) (10000 unit / kit) + Water (10 mL / kit)	Liquid; Powder, for solution	Intramuscular	Wyeth Ayerst Canada Inc.	1998-11-11	2001-06-01	Canada
Profasi Hp 10000	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human) (10000 unit / vial) + Water (10 mL / vial)	Kit; Liquid; Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	Emd Serono, A Division Of Emd Inc. , Canada	1991-12-31	2007-05-07	Canada

ATC Codes

G03GA01 — Chorionic gonadotrophin

• G03GA — Gonadotropins
• G03G — GONADOTROPINS AND OTHER OVULATION STIMULANTS
• G03 — SEX HORMONES AND MODULATORS OF THE GENITAL SYSTEM
• G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES

Drug Categories

• Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
• Biological Products
• Chorionic Gonadotropin
• Complex Mixtures
• Fertility Agents
• Fertility Agents, Female
• Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
• Gonadotropins
• Gonadotropins and Antigonadotropins
• Gonadotropins, Pituitary
• Hormones
• Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
• Peptide Hormones
• Peptides
• Pituitary Hormones
• Pituitary Hormones, Anterior
• Placental Hormones
• Pregnancy Proteins
• Proteins
• Reproductive Control Agents
• Sex Hormones and Modulators of the Genital System

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

Not Available

Kingdom

Organic Compounds

Super Class

Organic Acids

Class

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

Sub Class

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues

Direct Parent

Peptides

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Not Available

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Affected organisms

Not Available

UNII

20ED16GHEB

CAS number

9002-61-3

General References

Not Available

External Links

KEGG Drug

D06457

PubChem Substance

347910414

RxNav

340705

ChEBI

81570

ChEMBL

CHEMBL1201509

RxList

RxList Drug Page

Drugs. com

Drugs.com Drug Page

Wikipedia

Human_chorionic_gonadotropin

FDA label

Download (26.7 KB)

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Basic Science	Controlled Ovarian Stimulation / Infertility	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Infertility / Subfertility	1
4	Completed	Health Services Research	Female Infertility	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Assisted Reproduction	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Fertility / Optimal Stimulation Protocol / Reproductive Endocrinology	1
4	Completed	Treatment	FET / Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfe / HCG / Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism / Olfacto genital dysplasia	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Infertile Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Infertility	12

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Liquid; powder, for solution	Intramuscular
Liquid	Intramuscular	1000 unit / mL
Powder	Parenteral	1500 IU/1
Powder	Parenteral	5000 IU/1
Injection, powder, for solution	Parenteral	5000 IU
Injection, solution	Intramuscular	5000 iu
Injection	Parenteral	2000 iu
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	10000 unit / vial
Injection, powder, for solution
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Parenteral	5000 IU
Powder	Not applicable	1 g/1g
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	75 IU
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kit	Intramuscular	10000 [USP’U]/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kit	Intramuscular	5000 [USP’U]/1
Injection	Parenteral
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular
Kit; powder, for solution	Intramuscular	10000 unit / vial
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	1500 iu
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular	5000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	5000 iu
Powder	Parenteral	5000 IE
Injection, powder, for solution		5000 IU
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	5000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution	Subcutaneous
Kit; liquid; powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular	10000 unit / vial
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	1000 IU
Injection	Parenteral	10000 IU
Injection	Parenteral	5000 IU
Powder	Parenteral	5000 iu/1ampoule
Powder	Parenteral	10000 iu/1vial
Powder	Parenteral	2000 iu/1vial
Powder	Parenteral	5000 iu/1vial

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)	Region
US6706681	No	2004-03-16	2021-03-16	US

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Not Available

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.

Learn more

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Ligand

General Function

Luteinizing hormone receptor activity

Specific Function

Receptor for lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase.

Gene Name

LHCGR

Uniprot ID

P22888

Uniprot Name

Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor

Molecular Weight

78642.01 Da

Learn more

Drug created at September 23, 2015 16:50 / Updated at June 24, 2023 20:45

what it means in early pregnancy, interpretation of the results

Viktoria Zorina

found out about pregnancy before the delay

Author profile

Human chorionic gonadotropin analysis is an effective way to find out if there is a pregnancy and how it develops.

But it will come in handy in some other cases.

What is hCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone produced by placental cells during pregnancy. A small amount of hCG is also produced in the pituitary gland.

Most commonly, hCG levels are measured using one of two blood tests.

Free beta-hCG is taken during prenatal screenings of the first and second trimesters: at 11-14 and 15-20 weeks of pregnancy. This is one of the ways to diagnose chromosomal pathologies, which we will return to later.

Another test for free beta-hCG is prescribed for the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms:

• in women – choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole;
• in men – testicular cancer.

Generic beta hCG. To diagnose pregnancy, it is the total beta-hCG, which is often called simply hCG or hCG analysis, that is used. Any laboratory will understand what you mean if you say that you need an hCG analysis for pregnant women.

Total beta-hCG begins to be produced 6-8 days after ovulation. It promotes the production of progesterone, supports the growth of the placenta, promotes the growth of the fetus.

/pregnancy/

How much does it cost to carry a baby

There are two more types of hCG hormones, but they are not of great importance for diagnosis:

1. Hyperglycosylated hCG, which is synthesized in the second or third week of pregnancy.
2. Pituitary hCG that mimics the action of luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle.

Men also have hCG hormones, albeit in a minimal amount, so calling hCG a pregnancy hormone, although beautiful, is not quite right. In the male body, hCG performs an important function – it causes the testicles to produce testosterone.

Further in the article we will mainly talk about the analysis for total hCG in the body of a woman, because it is taken most often.

How hCG levels are determined

HCG levels are determined using tests that show the concentration of the hormone in urine or blood. If it is below 5 mIU / ml, the analysis is negative, within 5-25 mIU / ml it is doubtful, and a concentration above 25 mIU / ml indicates pregnancy.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin – Medscape

HCG levels can be measured using test strips, digital urine tests sold in supermarkets, and a blood test for hCG from a vein that is done in a laboratory.

Strips and digital tests are convenient for home use: no special knowledge or reagents are needed to perform the test and evaluate the result. It is important to remember that pregnancy test strips often do not show it until a missed period. The reason is that in the urine the level of the hormone increases later than in the blood.

Test strips usually do a qualitative analysis for hCG: they answer “yes” if the hormone detection threshold is exceeded, and “no” if the hormone level in the blood has not reached the threshold level. Their sensitivity starts from 20-50 mIU / ml, and this is written in the instructions. But some digital tests can show the approximate duration of pregnancy in weeks: one, two or three, or three or more weeks. There is little benefit from this: anyway, only a blood test gives accurate data.

A blood or urine test in the laboratory is always quantitative and allows you to find out the exact concentration of hCG. For such an analysis, you will need venous blood or the first portion of morning urine.

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In the clinic they force you to buy a container for tests

The sensitivity threshold of the Clearblue Plus test is 25 mIU / ml The sensitivity of the Evitest tests is 20 mIU / ml

How to donate blood for an hCG test

When to take an hCG test. It makes sense to take an analysis for hCG no earlier than the first day of missed menstruation. In some cases, it is possible even 2-3 days earlier: if, according to the terms from intercourse, pregnancy is already possible.

Where to get tested for hCG. In Russia, a blood test for total hCG to check for pregnancy is accepted by most commercial laboratories. It can also be taken in private clinics that do tests on their own equipment or send them to a specialized laboratory.

Before testing for hCG, no examination or referral from a doctor is needed: it can be taken at any laboratory for a fee.

How to prepare. Before taking hCG, different laboratories give different recommendations: from “preferably in the morning and on an empty stomach” to “strictly on an empty stomach, do not drink or smoke an hour before the analysis.” In Europe and the USA, there are no restrictions before surrender at all. At the same time, if you plan to take the analysis several times, it makes sense to do it at the same time of day – this way the result will be more objective.

HCG blood test – Walk-In Lab, USA

Cost of analysis

Prices valid in Moscow at the time of publication and include blood sampling from a vein.

In the laboratory:

• “Invitro” – 810 R;
• “Hemotest” – 760 R, called b-hCG;
• CMD – 685 R.

In a private clinic:

• Chaika – 1400 R;
• “Family” – 1100 R;
• “TsIR” – 770 R.

A blood test for hCG to check for pregnancy can be taken according to compulsory health insurance. To do this, you need to get a referral from a gynecologist at a clinic or antenatal clinic. But there is no point in this saving.

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You are entitled to free tests under CHI

The queue for tests can stretch for two weeks, waiting for results – for a week or more. Outdated by three weeks – yes, at least for three days, because the level of hCG during pregnancy is constantly growing – the analysis for hCG for pregnant women is useful only to a medical institution for reporting.

Obtaining and interpretation of a blood test for hCG

Analysis accuracy. During pregnancy, the level of hCG in the blood increases by 2 times every 1.4-2.1 days until at least 10 weeks of pregnancy. Therefore, tests taken at different times on the same day will show different numbers.

Physiology of Pregnancy – MSD Handbook

HCG levels between 5 and 25 mIU/mL are considered questionable and should be retested.

Test results are reported with an accuracy of 1 milliunit per milliliter or nanogram per milliliter. Error in the results is possible, but it is usually associated with incorrect analysis or expired reagents.

In the analyzes of different laboratories, there may be different units of measurement of hCG. The most common are mIU/ml = mU/ml = mIU/ml = mU/ml. All of them are equal to each other:

• mIU / ml is the milliinternational unit per milliliter;
• mU/ml – milliunit per milliliter;
• miU/ml — Million International Unit per milliliter in English spelling;
• mU/ml is a milliunit per milliliter in English spelling.

If IU/l, U/l, IU/ml are found in the analysis, they mean the same thing, but not in milliunits per milliliter, but in units per liter. To convert one unit to another, a calculator is useful.

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HCG norms by week. The reference values ​​themselves in laboratories may also differ slightly. This may be due to test manufacturers and analysis standards. The main indicator is an increase in the level of hCG up to 11 weeks of pregnancy.

When evaluating the results, it is important to remember that hCG is calculated by weeks of pregnancy from conception – the embryonic period. It is 2-3 weeks less than the obstetric period, counted from the first day of the last menstruation.

HCG norms by week in different laboratories

Pregnancy from conception	Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml	Invitro, honey/ml
Not pregnant	Less than 5	Less than 5
2 weeks	9. 5-750	25-300
3 weeks	217-7138	1500-5000
4 weeks	1580-31 795	10,000-30,000
5 weeks	3697—163 563	20,000-100,000
6 weeks	32065-149571	20,000 – 225,000 up to 11 weeks
7 weeks	63 803—151 410	–
8 weeks	46509-186977	–
9 weeks	27,832—210,612	–
10 weeks	13,950—62,530	–
11-12 weeks	12,039—70,971	19,000-135,000 (12 weeks)
13-14 weeks	9040—56,451	18,000-100,000 (13 weeks) 14,000-80,000 (14 weeks)
15 weeks	8175—55 868	12000-68000
16 weeks	8099—58,176	10,000-58,000
17-18 weeks	–	8000-57,000
Male	Less than 5	Less than 5

Non-pregnant

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

Less than 5

Invitro, mU/ml

IU her 5

Pregnancy period from conception – 2 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

9. 5-750

Invitro, mU/ml

25-300

3 weeks 9 0020

Hemotest, Helix , mIU/ml

217-7138

“Invitro”, honey/ml

1500-5000

4 weeks “Helix”, mIU / ml

1580-31 795

Invitro, IU/ml

10,000—30,000

5 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

3697—163,563

Invitro, honey/ml

20,000—100,000

6 weeks Helix, mIU/ml

32065-149571

Invitro, IU/ml

20,000-225,000 up to 11 weeks

7 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

63 80 3—151 410

“Invitro”, honey /ml

—

8 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

46509—186 977

Invitro, mU/ml

—

9 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

27 832 —210 612

“Invitro”, honey/ml

—

10 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

–

11-12 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

12,039—70,971

Invitro, mU/ml

19000-135000 (12 weeks)

13-14 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

9040-56451

90 002 “Invitro”, honey/ml

18,000 —100,000 (13 weeks)
14,000–80,000 (13 weeks)

15 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

8175—55 868

Invitro, honey/ ml

12000-68000

16 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

8099-58176

Invitro, mU/ml

10,000–58,000

17–18 weeks

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

9000 2 –

“Invitro”, honey / ml

8000-57,000

Male

Hemotest, Helix, mIU/ml

Less than 5

Invitro, mU/ml

90 002 Less than 5

Multiple pregnancy rates increase with several times compared to pregnancy with one child. For example, when carrying twins in the early stages, the level of hCG can be three times higher than in the case of a singleton pregnancy. If one of the fetuses dies, the hCG level drops.

Indicators after IVF do not differ from hCG values ​​during normal pregnancy. But the hormone level is checked daily from the fifth to the twenty-first day after the transfer of the embryo into the uterus. This is necessary in order to track the success of in vitro fertilization. If the hCG values ​​are below the norm by more than 20%, the woman is given hCG injections. If the level of the hormone does not increase at all, then the embryo did not take root.

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An example of an analysis for hCG by week. I will share my personal experience gained in 2009.

Possible discrepancies

The analysis is positive, the pregnancy test is negative. This happens if you first use the strip, and then donate blood in the laboratory. In this case, it is worth trusting a blood test for hCG to diagnose pregnancy. In urine, the concentration of hCG increases with a lag behind blood, in addition, the test may be of poor quality or have a too high sensitivity threshold. The probability of error in a laboratory test for hCG is minimal.

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Pregnancy test positive, analysis negative. Most likely, the defective test strip is to blame and there is actually no pregnancy. It may be that the pregnancy came and ended almost immediately. In most cases, women are not even aware of it, taking a few days of delay for a small cycle failure.

Causes of an increase in hCG

Pregnancy is the main reason for an increase in hCG. At the same time, if ovulation, and then pregnancy, occurred earlier than the middle of the cycle, the hCG level will be higher than the reference values. An ultrasound can be done to clarify the date.

Taking hormonal preparations containing human chorionic gonadotropin as an active ingredient. Their full list is in the Register of Medicines of Russia. Common trade names: Horagon, Pregnil, Profazi.

Trophoblastic tumors are the result of genetic disorders of pregnancy, the general name for tumors derived from elements of the placenta. They can appear both during pregnancy and after it ends with an abortion or miscarriage. If the level of hCG is elevated, and the woman is no longer pregnant, she needs to be examined by an oncogynecologist.

Trophoblastic tumors. Clinical Guidelines – Medi-ru

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease – MSD Handbook

Causes of low hCG during pregnancy

Ectopic or ectopic pregnancy. If the embryo develops outside the uterus, the hCG level will rise slowly and lag behind normal reference values. To diagnose an ectopic pregnancy, it is also necessary to do an ultrasound scan.

Ectopic Pregnancy – MSD Manual

Anembryonic. In the absence of an embryo in the uterine cavity, hCG levels continue to rise until spontaneous or medical abortion. Lagging behind the norms of concentration in the first trimester of pregnancy – up to 8 times, but the hormone level does not stop growing. Anembryony is dangerous for a woman, but the diagnosis must be confirmed by several ultrasounds and only after that an abortion should be performed.

Illegal pregnancy. In this case, the hCG level will rise normally while the embryo is developing. If the pregnancy has stopped, the growth of hCG will slow down, and after a miscarriage or abortion it will gradually decrease.

Child developmental delay. An analysis for hCG in this situation is not a basis for making a diagnosis: it is necessary to do an ultrasound scan to determine the cause of the fetal lag in development from the gestational age.

Threat of miscarriage. The growth of hCG begins to slow down 5-6 days before a possible miscarriage.

Placental dysfunctions. In this case, hCG is growing more slowly than usual. To detect placental insufficiency, together with hCG, PAPP-A, a plasma pregnancy-associated protein-A, is taken at the first screening.

Incorrect determination of the gestational age. If ovulation and then pregnancy occurred later than the middle of the cycle, the hCG level will be below the reference values. An ultrasound can be done to clarify the date.

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Causes of an increase in free beta-hCG

This test for another type of hormone is taken during screening of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. It indicates possible chromosomal pathologies of the child.

Violation of the number of chromosomes:

1. Down syndrome is a pathology of the 21st pair of chromosomes. Such children have features of physical and mental development;
2. Edwards syndrome is a pathology of the 18th pair of chromosomes. They weigh less than normal newborns and have multiple malformations. Only 5-10% of children with Edwards syndrome survive to a year. They all have serious problems with learning and with general development;
3. Patau syndrome is a pathology of the 13th pair of chromosomes. Such children are also born with lower weight, multiple malformations and rarely live to be a year old.

Change in the number of sex chromosomes:

1. polysomy — extra X or Y chromosomes. People with polysomy sometimes have intellectual disabilities and health problems;
2. Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome is the absence or defect of the X chromosome in girls. They differ from their peers in shorter stature, external features, such as low-set ears, often have problems with the heart, kidneys, and delayed sexual development;
3. polyploidy – two or three sets of chromosomes instead of one. According to some reports, polyploidy is the cause of every tenth miscarriage.

Remember

1. HCG is an important pregnancy hormone that allows you to determine it in the early stages, as well as to make sure that it is proceeding normally.
2. The level of hCG in urine rises later than the level of hCG in the blood, so home test strips will show that pregnancy has occurred later than a blood test.
3. The level of hCG in the body of a pregnant woman doubles every 1.4-2.1 days until 10-11 weeks of pregnancy.
4. Lagging hCG levels from reference values ​​may indicate problems with pregnancy, or may be a sign of an incorrect calculation of the gestational age.
5. An increase in the level of hCG at times may be a sign of multiple pregnancy, chromosomal abnormalities, or an incorrect calculation of the gestational age.
6. In some cases, the hCG blood test is used to diagnose serious illnesses in women outside of pregnancy and in men.

Be sure ImmunoChrome-hCG-Express Pregnancy Test 1 pc with free home delivery from VkusVill ic analysis to detect pregnancy at an early stage. The test can be used both in obstetric and gynecological practice and at home for self-control. Sensitivity – 25 Mme/ml. Principle of operation: the test is based on the principle of immunochromatographic analysis using two highly sensitive specific monoclonal antibodies that detect minimal amounts of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and binding to two different epitopes on the hCG molecule. The test sample is sucked into the absorbent section of the test strip; in the presence of hCG in the sample, the latter reacts with monoclonal antibodies to hCG associated with particles of colloidal gold, forming a colored antigen-antibody complex. This complex moves along the membrane with a liquid front and reacts with other anti-hCG monoclonal antibodies immobilized on the membrane, forming a colored line at the bottom of the test area (test).

The remaining reagents continue to move along the membrane and form a colored line in the upper part of the test zone (control) regardless of the presence of hCG in the sample. The results of the reaction are evaluated visually within 5 minutes.

Be sure Pregnancy Test ImmunoChrome-hCG-Express 1 pc / Pharmacy.00 29.00

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Description

The hCG Express ICA test is designed for a one-step, rapid, qualitative in vitro determination of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine by immunochromatographic assay to detect early pregnancy. The test can be used both in obstetric and gynecological practice and at home for self-control. Sensitivity – 25 Mme/ml.

Principle of operation: the test is based on the principle of immunochromatographic analysis using two highly sensitive specific monoclonal antibodies that detect minimal amounts of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and binding to two different epitopes on the hCG molecule. The test sample is sucked into the absorbent section of the test strip; in the presence of hCG in the sample, the latter reacts with monoclonal antibodies to hCG associated with particles of colloidal gold, forming a colored antigen-antibody complex. This complex moves along the membrane with a liquid front and reacts with other anti-hCG monoclonal antibodies immobilized on the membrane, forming a colored line at the bottom of the test area (test). The remaining reagents continue to move along the membrane and form a colored line in the upper part of the test zone (control) regardless of the presence of hCG in the sample. The results of the reaction are evaluated visually within 5 minutes.

Brand

No brand

Product type

for pregnancy detection

Expiration date

2 years

Manufacturer

Med-Express-Diagnostics

Quantity per package

1

Partner

Health Planet

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