What are the causes of foot bunions. How can you alleviate bunion pain at home. What surgical options are available for severe bunions. When should you seek professional medical help for bunions. How can you prevent bunions from developing or worsening.

Understanding Foot Bunions: Causes and Symptoms

Foot bunions are bony growths that develop on the joint at the base of the big toe. They occur when the bones in the front of the foot shift out of place, causing the top portion of the big toe to pull inward towards the other toes. This misalignment results in the characteristic protrusion of the joint at the base of the big toe.

Bunions affect a significant portion of the population. Studies indicate that 23% of adults aged 18 to 65 experience bunions, with the prevalence increasing to 36% in adults over 65. While anyone can develop bunions, they are more common in women and tend to become more prevalent with age.

Common Causes of Bunions

• Ill-fitting shoes, especially those that are narrow, tight, or too small
• High heels, which can put excessive pressure on the toes
• Rheumatoid arthritis and other medical conditions
• Genetic predisposition to foot structure abnormalities
• Foot injuries that alter the foot’s structure

Are certain footwear choices more likely to cause bunions? Indeed, wearing high heels or shoes that don’t provide adequate space for the toes can significantly increase the risk of bunion development. High heels, in particular, force the toes to the front of the shoe, creating pressure that can lead to bunion formation over time.

Recognizing Bunion Symptoms

Bunion symptoms can vary from person to person and depend on the severity and duration of the condition. Here are the most common signs to look out for:

1. A visible bump on the side of the foot, just below the big toe
2. Pain in the affected area, which can range from mild discomfort to severe pain
3. Numbness or tingling sensations in the foot or toe
4. Difficulty walking or wearing shoes comfortably
5. Development of corns or calluses on the affected area

Can bunions cause numbness in the toes? Yes, bunions can indeed lead to numbness in the toes. This occurs when the misaligned bones compress sensitive nerves in the foot, disrupting their normal function and causing a loss of sensation.

Non-Surgical Treatments for Bunion Relief

Before considering surgical options, many healthcare professionals recommend trying non-surgical treatments to alleviate bunion pain and discomfort. These at-home remedies can often provide significant relief and may be sufficient for managing mild to moderate bunions.

Footwear Modifications

One of the most crucial steps in managing bunions is wearing appropriate footwear. Opt for shoes with a wide toe box that allows ample space for your toes. Avoid high heels and narrow shoes that can exacerbate the condition.

How can proper footwear help with bunion pain? Wearing shoes that provide adequate space for your toes can reduce pressure on the bunion, alleviate pain, and prevent further progression of the deformity. Look for shoes with a soft, flexible upper material and a supportive sole.

Orthotic Devices

Custom orthotic devices or over-the-counter bunion pads can help redistribute pressure away from the affected joint. These devices can provide cushioning and support, reducing pain and discomfort during daily activities.

Pain Management Techniques

• Ice therapy: Apply ice to the bunion for 15-20 minutes at a time to reduce inflammation and pain
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help manage pain and swelling
• Toe spacers: These devices can help align the toes and reduce pressure on the bunion

Are there exercises that can help alleviate bunion pain? Yes, certain exercises can help strengthen the muscles in your feet and improve flexibility. Try toe stretches, toe curls, and picking up small objects with your toes to maintain joint mobility and reduce discomfort.

Surgical Options for Severe Bunions

When non-surgical treatments fail to provide adequate relief, or if the bunion is severely impacting your quality of life, surgical intervention may be necessary. There are several surgical procedures available, depending on the severity of the bunion and individual patient factors.

Types of Bunion Surgery

1. Osteotomy: This procedure involves cutting and realigning the affected bone to correct the deformity
2. Exostectomy: Removal of the bony protrusion without realigning the joint
3. Arthrodesis: Fusion of the affected joint, typically reserved for severe cases or those with arthritis
4. Resection arthroplasty: Removal of the damaged portion of the joint, often used in older patients or those with severe arthritis

What factors determine the most appropriate surgical approach? The choice of surgical procedure depends on various factors, including the severity of the bunion, the patient’s age, overall health, activity level, and the presence of other foot conditions or arthritis.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery time after bunion surgery can vary depending on the procedure performed and individual healing rates. Generally, patients can expect:

• 4-6 weeks of limited weight-bearing on the affected foot
• Wearing a special surgical shoe or boot for several weeks
• Physical therapy to regain strength and flexibility
• Full recovery and return to normal activities within 3-6 months

How can you ensure a smooth recovery after bunion surgery? Following your surgeon’s post-operative instructions carefully, attending all follow-up appointments, and participating actively in physical therapy can significantly contribute to a successful recovery and optimal outcome.

Preventing Bunion Development and Progression

While some factors contributing to bunion development, such as genetics, are beyond our control, there are several preventive measures you can take to reduce your risk or slow the progression of existing bunions.

Proper Footwear Choices

Selecting appropriate footwear is crucial in preventing bunion development and progression. Choose shoes that:

• Have a wide, deep toe box
• Provide adequate arch support
• Have a low heel (less than 2 inches)
• Are made of flexible, breathable materials

How often should you replace your shoes to maintain proper foot health? It’s generally recommended to replace your shoes every 300-500 miles of walking or running, or every 6-12 months for regular daily wear. This ensures that your shoes continue to provide adequate support and cushioning.

Foot Exercises and Stretches

Regular foot exercises can help maintain joint flexibility and strengthen the muscles that support proper foot alignment. Try incorporating these exercises into your daily routine:

1. Toe stretches: Gently pull your big toe into proper alignment
2. Toe curls: Pick up small objects with your toes to strengthen foot muscles
3. Ankle rotations: Improve flexibility and circulation in the foot
4. Marble pickup: Use your toes to pick up marbles and place them in a container

How frequently should you perform foot exercises for optimal benefit? Aim to do these exercises for 5-10 minutes daily. Consistency is key in maintaining foot health and preventing bunion progression.

When to Seek Professional Help for Bunions

While many cases of bunions can be managed with conservative treatments, there are situations where professional medical intervention is necessary. It’s important to recognize the signs that indicate a need for expert evaluation and care.

Signs You Should Consult a Podiatrist

• Persistent pain that interferes with daily activities
• Difficulty finding shoes that fit comfortably
• Decreased range of motion in the big toe
• Chronic inflammation or swelling around the bunion
• Development of other foot problems due to altered gait

What can you expect during a podiatrist consultation for bunions? During your visit, the podiatrist will likely perform a physical examination of your foot, assess your gait, and may order X-rays to determine the severity of the bunion. They will then discuss treatment options tailored to your specific condition and lifestyle needs.

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

In some cases, your podiatrist may recommend additional diagnostic tests to get a more comprehensive view of your foot structure and the extent of the bunion. These may include:

1. 3D imaging: Provides detailed views of bone and soft tissue structures
2. Gait analysis: Assesses how bunions affect your walking pattern
3. Pressure mapping: Identifies areas of excessive pressure on your foot

How can these advanced diagnostic techniques improve treatment outcomes? By providing a more detailed understanding of your foot structure and biomechanics, these tests allow for more precise treatment planning, whether that involves custom orthotics, targeted physical therapy, or surgical intervention.

Living with Bunions: Lifestyle Adaptations and Coping Strategies

For many individuals, living with bunions requires some lifestyle adjustments to manage pain and prevent further progression of the condition. By implementing certain strategies, you can maintain an active and comfortable lifestyle despite having bunions.

Workplace Accommodations

If your job requires long periods of standing or walking, consider these workplace adaptations:

• Use anti-fatigue mats at your workstation
• Take regular breaks to sit and elevate your feet
• Discuss the possibility of alternating between sitting and standing tasks
• Request permission to wear more comfortable, supportive footwear

How can you approach your employer about workplace accommodations for bunion-related discomfort? Start by explaining your condition and its impact on your work performance. Provide documentation from your healthcare provider and suggest specific, reasonable accommodations that would help you maintain productivity.

Adjusting Exercise Routines

Staying active is important for overall health, but bunions may require modifications to your exercise routine. Consider these alternatives:

1. Low-impact activities like swimming or cycling
2. Using elliptical machines instead of treadmills
3. Practicing yoga or Pilates to improve foot flexibility and strength
4. Wearing supportive athletic shoes with a wide toe box during workouts

Can you continue running with bunions? While running can exacerbate bunion pain, many people with mild to moderate bunions can continue running with proper footwear and form adjustments. Consult with a sports podiatrist for personalized advice on maintaining your running routine safely.

The Future of Bunion Treatment: Emerging Therapies and Research

As medical science advances, new treatments and approaches to managing bunions are being developed. Staying informed about these emerging therapies can provide hope and potentially new options for those struggling with persistent bunion pain.

Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques

Recent advancements in surgical technology have led to the development of minimally invasive bunion correction procedures. These techniques offer several potential benefits:

• Smaller incisions and less scarring
• Reduced post-operative pain
• Faster recovery times
• Lower risk of complications

How do minimally invasive bunion surgeries compare to traditional open surgeries in terms of outcomes? While long-term studies are still ongoing, early results suggest that minimally invasive techniques can provide comparable correction of the bunion deformity with the added benefits of reduced surgical trauma and faster recovery.

Regenerative Medicine Approaches

Emerging research in regenerative medicine shows promise for treating bunions and other foot conditions. Some areas of investigation include:

1. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections to promote healing
2. Stem cell therapy to regenerate damaged joint tissues
3. Growth factor treatments to reduce inflammation and pain

Are regenerative medicine treatments for bunions widely available? Currently, many of these treatments are still in the experimental stage and may not be widely available or covered by insurance. However, as research progresses, they may become more accessible options for bunion management in the future.

Advancements in Orthotic Technology

Innovations in materials science and 3D printing are revolutionizing the field of custom orthotics. These advancements offer:

• More precise, personalized fit
• Improved durability and comfort
• Integration of smart technology for real-time gait analysis
• Ability to adjust orthotics as foot shape changes over time

How can advanced orthotic technology improve bunion management? By providing more accurate and dynamic support, these next-generation orthotics can more effectively redistribute pressure away from the bunion, potentially slowing its progression and offering better pain relief.

How to Get Rid of a Foot Bunion

Living with bunions can be uncomfortable and make standing, walking and other daily activities painful. If you have bunions, you are likely looking for effective bunion pain relief so you can return to your daily responsibilities. Learn more about what causes bunions and how to find relief from discomfort, irritation and pain.

What Are Foot Bunions?

A bunion is a bony growth that develops on the joint at the big toe’s base and typically develops when bones in the front of the foot are moved out of place. Shifting bones can cause the top portion of the big toe to pull inward towards the other toes, causing the joint at the base of your big toe to protrude. The skin over a bunion is often inflamed, swollen and painful.

Bunions may develop for many reasons, but wearing narrow, tight or too small shoes is a leading cause of bunion development or worsening bunions. Bunions may develop due to a foot deformity, the shape of your foot or a medical condition, including arthritis. Small bunions, commonly referred to as bunionettes, also develop outside of the joint of the smallest toe.

What Causes Foot Bunions?

Bunions develop slowly over time, meaning the more you wear ill-fitting shoes or go without treatment, the more likely your bunion is to worsen. Over time, bunions cause the natural structure of the bone to change, resulting in the signature bump a bunion is known for. Without proper treatment or correction, this bump will worsen, making it difficult or painful to walk and wear shoes.

Research has found 23% of adults 18 to 65 experience bunions, and 36% of adults over 65 develop bunions. While anyone may develop a bunion, it is more common in women. Bunions have numerous causes and are often more common with old age. Some of the most common causes of bunions include:

• High heels: Wearing high heels can cause pressure on your toes, forcing them to the front of the shoe. Higher heels have even more severe effects than shorter heels, often causing bunions to develop.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: Many preexisting medical conditions can increase a person’s likelihood of developing bunions. One of the most common conditions that may make bunions more likely is rheumatoid arthritis.
• Poorly fitting shoes: The fit of your shoe plays an essential role in the health of your feet. Wearing too small or otherwise ill-fitting shoes can increase a person’s chance of developing bunions.
• Genetics: If you have a family history of bunions, you may be more likely to inherit a problem with the anatomy or structure of your feet.
• Injury: An acute foot injury can negatively impact the foot’s structure and increase the likelihood of developing bunions.

Symptoms of Foot Bunions

Each person is different and may experience varying bunion symptoms. Symptoms will vary depending on the severity and how long the bunion has been left untreated. Some of the most common symptoms of a foot bunion include:

• Bump: One of the most apparent symptoms of a bunion is a bump that forms on the side of the foot slightly below the big toe. Each toe is attached to a metatarsal bone within the foot. As a bunion forms, this bone becomes displaced, adding pressure to and enlarging the metatarsal, which causes the characteristic bump of a bunion to form.
• Pain: As bunions form slowly over time, years of abnormal pressure on the toes and foot paired with improperly fitting shoes can cause pain within the metatarsal and surrounding areas. Bunions are uncomfortable and, in severe cases, can cause excessive pain, making standing or walking difficult or even impossible.
• Numbness: Some people with bunions may also experience periodic tingling or numbness. Numbness is a common bunion symptom that can develop when sensitive nerves within the foot become compressed by the bones of the toes and foot. When compressed, nerves cannot function properly, causing a loss of sensation in the foot or toe.
• Difficulty walking: Severe bunions can disrupt daily life and decrease the overall quality of life. If someone has severe pain, nerve damage or swelling, wearing shoes can be difficult. Many patients may even have trouble walking or standing, negatively impacting their ability to perform daily tasks.
• Corns or calluses: As a bunion forms and a bump develops, there is increased pressure in this area of the foot, especially when wearing shoes or walking. Corns and calluses also form on the feet as a reaction to continued pressure. When a bunion rubs against the inside of a shoe, calluses and corns can form on the bunion.

At-Home Treatments for Foot Bunions

At-home treatments can be an effective solution without surgery that can alleviate pain and discomfort. While surgery is an effective treatment option for many patients, some may experience adequate bunion relief from nonsurgical treatments. In most cases, a physician will recommend nonsurgical treatments before recommending a patient undergo foot surgery for bunions.

1. Shoes

Shoes play a large role in the health of your feet and can contribute to the development of bunions. If you experience bunion pain, look at your footwear and see if your shoes may be worsening or even causing your problem. Ideally, you should only wear bunion-friendly footwear to reduce pain and discomfort, minimizing symptoms and preventing bunions from worsening.

Look at the shoe’s structure, paying close attention to its pressure points. Opting for footwear with mesh or stretch panels can help minimize the pressure placed on the foot and toes. Typically, it is best to avoid leather panels or those made out of restrictive material that may worsen binding.

2. Padding

Bunion pads can help temporarily relieve pain and discomfort from bunions by creating a protective barrier between a person’s shoe and bunion. Padding can improve bunion symptoms by preventing excess rubbing and irritation, which is often why many bunions develop. Bunion pads are best when combined with bunion-friendly shoes that are spacious enough not to cramp the toes and feet.

Bunion padding often comes in two forms, with the first being similar to a sock that covers most of the foot, protecting the side of the big toe where a bunion forms. Bunion padding may also be a small cushion you can place between the bunion and the inside of your shoe. Bunion pads often have an adhesive to keep the padding secure while standing or walking.

3. Shoe Inserts

Shoe inserts can also minimize the pain and discomfort associated with bunions. There are pre-made shoe inserts you can purchase at your local pharmacy to alleviate foot pain. You may also want to consider having custom orthotics created to fit your foot’s unique curvature and provide the most noticeable results. Custom orthotics can restore foot function and improve the alignment of the foot and toes.

Orthotics can also prevent bunions from worsening, minimizing the need for extensive surgery.

4. Overnight Splint

An overnight bunion splint wraps around your feet and helps to align your toes. You can wear these splints overnight and when you will not be wearing footwear. Although a splint will not cure a bunion, it can relieve various painful symptoms, including discomfort and inflammation. Splints help ensure proper alignment of the foot and toes to alleviate the pressure that causes and worsens bunions.

Because overnight splints help ensure healthy alignment within the foot and toes, they can temporarily improve the tingling or numbness from nerve pressure and improper alignment. Overnight bunion splints help stretch tendons and ligaments, promote proper alignment and improve or break apart areas of scar tissue.

5. Ibuprofen

Over-the-counter medicine, including ibuprofen, can help relieve pain from bunions. Joint disorders, such as bunions, commonly cause pain from excess inflammation, making anti-inflammatory medicine an effective treatment modality. Ibuprofen can minimize swelling, helping to alleviate pressure and tension that causes pain.

While the effects are temporary, ibuprofen can improve painful symptoms, especially when you may notice more pronounced or severe bunion symptoms.

6. Ice

Ice packs and cold compresses can also improve bunion symptoms, especially if you notice symptoms after a long day on your feet. Ice packs can reduce painful swelling and inflammation while relieving overall soreness. You may want to check with your physician before regularly applying ice packs if you have existing circulation problems or reduced feeling.

Regularly applying ice packs to a bunion can help control its size and prevent the bunion from worsening. Most patients only use ice packs when they notice swelling or discomfort, which may occur at the end of the day or after work.

7. Warm Soaks 

A warm soak can benefit your feet and toes if you are experiencing bunion symptoms. If you spend a lot of your day on your feet or walking, you may want to consider regularly soaking your feet in warm water after the day. Warm soaks can improve painful bunion symptoms and alleviate tension, stress and general discomfort.

You can soak your feet in a special foot bath or fill your tub just enough to cover your feet. Adding a sprinkle of Epsom salt can make a warm soak even more relaxing and helpful. Soaking with Epsom salt can alleviate muscle pain and calm achy, sore joints.

8. Massage

A foot massage can promote relaxation and healing within the feet and toes. A massage can improve circulation within the foot while decreasing stiffness. One of the most beneficial aspects of a massage for bunions is reducing the overall amount of pain or discomfort you experience daily. A massage is even more effective when combined with other bunion treatment modalities.

A bunion has a trigger point, which can cause the muscles and ligaments to tense and shorten. A bunion massage can alleviate this strain and stretch out the surrounding muscles. At first, it may be normal to experience slight discomfort when beginning to massage. Be gentle to your feet, as they can be quite sensitive with bunions.

9. Foot Exercises

Since bunions form over time, daily and weekly habits play a significant role in the health of your feet. Physical therapy with simple at-home foot exercises is an excellent option to strengthen the feet and minimize painful bunion symptoms. Foot exercises and toe stretches can improve joint health and your foot’s mobility and range of motion.

Additionally, foot exercises help strengthen the foot muscles and maintain flexibility. You can perform many foot exercises to improve foot health, making these exercises easy to implement into your daily or weekly routine.

10. Healthy Lifestyle

While many people may not realize it, your diet can directly affect foot health and bunions. Many bunion symptoms result from excessive inflammation in the body, so you may want to consider following an anti-inflammatory diet that minimizes inflammatory foods, drinks and spices. Some of the most common things that cause excess inflammation include highly processed snack foods, sugary drinks and highly refined or bleached flour.

Surgical Treatment for Foot Bunions

Bunion surgery, also known as bunionectomy, is a specialized surgery designed to improve bunions and related bunion symptoms. If you are not experiencing relief from nonsurgical treatments, your physician may suggest bunion surgery to improve your symptoms and correct a bunion at its source.

When to Get Treatment

Because bunions develop and worsen over time, you may wonder when to see a doctor about your symptoms. Generally, early intervention is the most effective way to minimize the severity of a bunion and prevent it from worsening to a severe or larger stage. Although most bunions do not require immediate medical attention, a physician’s recommendations can help you make lifestyle changes and potentially reduce the bunion’s severity.

Patients who regularly experience severe pain or discomfort should consider scheduling an appointment with their doctor. Additionally, if a bunion negatively impacts your daily life or prevents you from walking, wearing shoes or performing essential tasks, you should see a physician for treatment suggestions. Professional bunion treatments can correct a painful bunion and help you regain the ability to stand, walk and perform daily tasks comfortably.

Another complication of a worsening bunion is the inability to find shoes that fit properly. As the bump of a bunion develops, it causes the foot to widen, which can lead to your shoes no longer fitting. If there is an overlap between your big toe and your second toe, this may also indicate you should seek medical attention. While these severe symptoms may be an obvious indicator you should see a doctor, some patients may only experience moderate symptoms.

A good rule of thumb for patients experiencing moderate bunion symptoms is to note how long these symptoms last. Keep track of whether the pain occurs daily, during certain actions or a few times a week. As you assess your symptoms, you may want to call a doctor if your symptoms worsen or do not improve after two to three weeks of at-home bunion remedies.

Types of Foot Bunion Surgery

If you do not experience relief with nonsurgical bunion treatments, you may want to consider bunion surgery. While nonsurgical bunion treatments help many patients experience relief, severe cases may only improve with surgical intervention. Some of the main types of foot bunion surgery include:

• Fusion: Bunion fusion surgery may be recommended to stop a bunion from worsening and easing tension within the toe’s joint. A bunion fusion may be performed on the big toe joint or where the metatarsal meets the middle of the foot. The location of fusion surgery will depend on where your bunion and painful symptoms originate.
• Cut and removal: A cut and removal bunion surgery is when part of the bone within the foot is removed. The size and location of the bone removed depends on the severity of your bunion symptoms. Removing portions of the bone lets your physician reposition the remaining bones in a healthier and more comfortable position. For more extreme bunions, a physician may need to remove the metatarsal head located at the bottom of the big toe. In most cases, a cut and removal procedure is a smaller surgery with a quicker recovery period and is often less expensive than more invasive or extensive bunion surgeries. Minor surgery can help reduce the need for more extensive surgery down the line.
• Joint implant: An artificial joint implant can replace a damaged or unhealthy joint within the foot that may be causing or worsening bunion symptoms. A bunion surgeon can remove bone spurs and small pieces of bone to make room for the new joint. Bunion joint replacement surgery may be recommended for patients experiencing arthritis symptoms within the feet and toes. A joint implant can reduce arthritis-related pain in the foot and improve the toe’s mobility. A surgeon will also have to correct any damages or misalignment in the foot and toes during a joint implant procedure.

What to Expect From Treatment

The exact details of a bunion treatment vary from patient to patient and depend on the bunion treatment or surgery you may be undergoing. For bunion surgery, a minimum of one incision will be made to access the big toe joint. In some cases, a bunion surgeon may need to make two or more incisions to access the toe joint and correct a bunion.

Surgical time also varies depending on the technique and severity of your bunion symptoms and foot misalignment. In some cases, bunion surgery may take as little as 45 minutes. On the other hand, more complex bunion surgery may take up to three hours. Following bunion surgery, your bunion surgeon will close any incisions. You will then be moved to the recovery room. Most patients are ready to go home within one to two hours but need a friend or family member to drive for them.

Recovery From Foot Bunion Surgery

Following bunion surgery, patients may experience pain or discomfort as they recover, which can be improved with pain medication. Two weeks following your bunion surgery, your bunion surgeon will remove your stitches. It will take anywhere from six to 12 weeks for the bones of the foot to heal fully, and most patients will need to wear a protective boot while the foot continues to heal.

As your foot heals, you will not be able to put direct weight on it. Many patients will need to use crutches, a walker or even a scooter to move safely without causing strain on your healing foot. The amount of weight you can place on the foot and when depends on the bunion surgery you underwent.

Around the six to 12 week mark, you will begin regaining basic foot function. Your physician will recommend bunion physical therapy exercises to strengthen your foot and toes, improving mobility and range of motion. Most patients can resume their daily tasks and activities approximately three months after their surgery.

Common Problems From Foot Bunion Surgery

Although bunion surgery is a safe and effective treatment, there is a small potential for complications or side effects. Some of the most common bunion surgery complications include ineffectiveness to relieve pain or failure for the bone to heal fully. Some patients may also experience infection, big toe stiffness or nerve injury. Finally, while a bunion correction may initially improve symptoms, some patients experience bunion recurrence or a bunion developing again following treatment.

Fortunately, these bunion surgery complications are uncommon and can be treated effectively. When a trained bunion surgeon performs bunion surgery correctly, these risks are also greatly reduced. Before surgery, your physician will discuss and explain and potential complications or side effects. Your doctor will also provide post-operative instructions to minimize your risk of complications.

Find Relief from Foot Bunions

At OrthoBethesda, we are leading providers of foot and ankle treatments, helping you regain the mobility of your feet. We understand bunions can be extremely painful and uncomfortable, negatively impacting your daily life. We strive to provide the latest, most innovative treatments for our patients and provide superior patient care. Along with treating foot and ankle conditions, our team of experts can also address conditions affecting the elbow, knee, hip, shoulder, hands and wrists and spine.

To learn more about our bunion treatments and surgery, contact us online today or call (301) 804-1137.

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Why Is My Big Toe Numb on One Side? Possible Causes and Treatment

This little piggy may have gone to market, but if it’s numb on one side, you’re bound to be concerned.

Numbness in the toes can feel like a complete or partial loss of sensation. It can also feel like tingling or pins and needles.

Conditions ranging from minor to serious can cause full or partial numbness in your big toe. In some instances, minor alterations to your footwear will be enough to eliminate the problem. In other instances, medical support will be necessary.

Whether it’s the tip, sides, or your entire big toe that’s feeling numb, here’s what you need to know.

Causes of partial or full numbness of your big toe include:

Too-tight shoes

Whether they’re dress shoes, high heels, or sneakers, shoes that are too tight can cause numbness in parts of the big toe.

Your feet and toes contain blood vessels, nerves, and bones. If the toes are jammed together in tight shoes, particularly if they’re worn day after day, blocked circulation and other issues are bound to result. This can reduce sensation or produce a pins-and-needles tingle.

Hallux limitus and hallux rigidus

These conditions occur when the MTP (metatarsophalangeal) joint at the base of the big toe becomes stiff and inflexible.

Hallux limitus refers to an MTP joint with some movement. Hallux rigidus refers to an MTP joint with no movement. Both conditions can cause bone spurs to form on top of the MTP joint. If the bone spurs press on nerves, numbness or tingling can result.

Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage anywhere in the body, except the brain or spinal cord. This condition can cause numbness, weakness, tingling, or pain in the toes and feet.

Full or partial numbness in the big toe or several toes can occur. The numbness may come on gradually over time, and it may spread up one leg or both.

In addition to numbness, you may feel extreme sensitivity to touch. Some people with this condition say that their toes and feet feel like they’re wearing heavy socks.

Diabetes is a leading cause of peripheral neuropathy. Other causes include:

• bone marrow disorders, such as lymphoma
• chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced neuropathy)
• radiation
• kidney disease
• liver disease
• hormonal imbalance
• hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
• autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis
• malignant or benign tumors or growths that grow or press on nerves
• viral infections
• bacterial infections
• physical injury
• alcohol use disorder
• vitamin B deficiency

Bunions

A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe. It’s made from bone that moves out of place from the front of the foot.

Bunions cause the tip of the big toe to press heavily on the second toe. They’re often caused by shoes that are too narrow or tight.

Frostbite

If you’re exposed to freezing cold temperatures for too long, or your feet get wet in cold weather, frostbite can occur.

Frostbite can happen to toes, even if you’re wearing socks and boots. Frostnip, a less serious condition that can precede frostbite, can also cause numbness.

Raynaud’s disease

This vascular condition causes numbness and skin discoloration in the fingers, toes, ears, and tip of the nose. It occurs when the small arteries responsible for blood flow to the extremities spasm, or constrict, in reaction to emotional distress or cold weather.

Raynaud’s disease has two types: primary and secondary.

• Primary Raynaud’s disease is mild and usually resolves on its own.
• Secondary Raynaud’s disease has underlying causes that may require treatment, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or atherosclerosis.

Treatments for numbness in your big toe will vary based on the underlying cause:

Treating peripheral neuropathy

Many conditions that have peripheral neuropathy as a symptom can be controlled medically. These include diabetes and hypothyroidism.

Other causes of peripheral neuropathy, such as vitamin deficiency, may respond to natural treatments. This includes taking vitamin B-6, which is essential for nerve health.

There’s also some evidence that acupuncture treatments can reduce or eliminate numbness caused by peripheral neuropathy.

Treating bunions

If you have bunions, they may be treatable at home.

Wearing comfortable shoes that don’t rub against the bunion can help reduce irritation and numbness. Icing the area can also help.

In some instances, orthotics, either store-bought or fitted, may be enough to alleviate numbness and pain. If these interventions don’t do the trick, bunion surgery may be required.

Treating hallux limitus and hallux rigidus

Hallux limitus and hallux rigidus require surgery to correct.

Treating frostbite and frostnip

Frostbite can quickly turn into a medical emergency and should be treated immediately. Minor frostbite can be treated at home.

Get out of the cold, and if your feet or any part of your body is wet, remove the wet or damp garments. Then rewarm your feet in a warm water bath for around 30 minutes. Severe frostbite requires medical treatment.

Treating Raynaud’s disease

Quitting smoking can help reduce the impact of Raynaud’s disease. You can also reduce symptoms of Raynaud’s disease by keeping warm and avoiding cold temperatures, both indoors and out.

If the numbness in your toe dissipates after you remove your shoes, too-tight footwear is probably causing the problem.

Throw out shoes that are too tight

You can fix this by tossing your too-tight shoes and buying footwear that fits. Make sure your casual and dress shoes have about half a thumb’s width of space at the toe.

Sneakers and other types of athletic shoes should have a full thumb’s width. You should also avoid wearing shoes that are too narrow in width. This will help reduce the chance that bunions will form.

Avoid or limit the wearing of high-heel shoes

Some instances of hallux rigidus and hallux limitus may be avoided by not wearing high-heel shoes. High heels place pressure and strain on the front of the foot, affecting the MTP joint. If you must wear high heels, try to limit their use and insert a cushy orthotic cushion.

If you have diabetes, watch sugar, carb, and alcohol intake

If you have an underlying condition that can cause peripheral neuropathy, follow your doctor’s directions for keeping your condition under control. These may include watching your sugar and carbohydrate intake if you have diabetes or attending 12-step meetings if you drink alcohol in excess.

If you smoke, consider joining a cessation program

If you smoke nicotine products, talk to your doctor about a smoking cessation program.

Smoking causes blood vessels to constrict, stopping the supply of nutrients to the peripheral nerves. This may exacerbate peripheral neuropathy and Raynaud’s disease, worsening toe numbness.

If you live in a cold climate, wear warm socks and insulated boots

Frostbite and frostnip can be avoided by wearing warm socks or layered socks and insulated boots. Don’t stay outside in freezing weather for too long, and change out of wet socks or footwear immediately during cold weather.

See your doctor right away if toe numbness occurs after an accident or head trauma.

Both gradual and immediate onset toe numbness can signal a serious medical condition. If you have any of the following symptoms and partial toe numbness, call your doctor:

• problems with vision, such as immediate onset blurriness
• confused thinking
• facial drooping
• problems with balance
• muscle weakness or inability to control muscle movements
• numbness on one side of the body
• intense or extreme headache

Partial toe numbness has a wide range of causes. It may be associated with lifestyle choices, such as wearing high-heel shoes, or health conditions, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.

Toe numbness can often be treated conservatively at home, but it may require medical support. This is more likely to be the case if toe numbness is caused by an underlying health condition.

Toes go numb: what are the reasons and which doctor to contact – 2 May 2022

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Toes become numb for various reasons, so do not sound the alarm right away. This can happen simply because of an uncomfortable posture. But it is important to know whether such a condition is always harmless in order to take action in time. Our colleagues from Wday.ru asked doctors when to pay special attention to this symptom and what hidden diseases it may indicate.

Most often, numbness occurs after physical exertion or when a nerve is pinched. It is undesirable to sit in an uncomfortable position for a long time or wear tight shoes. External causes include calluses and injuries that lead to damage to nerve endings.

Numbness can also appear in case of serious health problems, such as osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine (90% of cases of numbness), diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, Raynaud’s disease, as well as due to vitamin B12 deficiency and hormonal disorders. And this is not all the diseases in which doctors observe, including numbness of the extremities.

– Muscle and joint aches, especially of the arms and legs, are usually associated with internal edema. These are general joint pain, soreness, stiffness, carpal tunnel syndrome (pain, tingling, weakness or numbness in the hand, fingers or forearm), tarsal tunnel syndrome – similar to carpal tunnel syndrome, but with discomfort in the lower part and toes. Very often, these discomforts are a sign of hypothyroidism. That is, malfunctions of the thyroid gland. It produces three hormones: thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyrocalcitonin. Without them, the absorption of nutrients and the normal functioning of all body systems are impossible. If for some reason there are too many hormones (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism), the body starts to give distress signals, explains endocrinologist Elena Degtyareva.

Elena Degtyareva — endocrinologist, candidate of medical sciences.

A herniated disc can also cause numbness in the extremities. We collected the main things about this diagnosis and asked the experts when it is time to see a doctor and what symptoms should be alarming.

– In the first stage of disc degeneration, the patient experiences pain corresponding to the projection of the changes. With disorders in the lumbar region – pain in the lower back, which can radiate to the leg. The medical term is lumbalgia or lumboischialgia. With cervical – pain in the neck, can give into the hand – cervicalgia or cervicobrachialgia. The pain in this case is mechanical in nature, increases with certain movements, and subsides at rest. In the second and third stages – protrusion, extrusion – part of the displaced disc touches the nerve and causes increased pain, numbness, weakness of the muscles of the limb. In the acute stage, this is accompanied by a change in posture, a sharp limitation of movements in the spine. The patient experiences sharp backaches of the type of electric shock when coughing and straining, sometimes pelvic functions are disturbed, says neurologist Andrey Morozov.

Andrey Morozov — neurologist, head of the second neurological department of the New Hospital.

If you have numbness in your extremities, see your doctor, especially if the problem recurs regularly. At home, you can only improve blood flow and relieve tension.

How to do it:

• take a comfortable position, it is better to sit on a chair;

• take off your shoes and move your foot in different directions. Make smooth movements, first up and down, to the sides, then circular rotations. Exercise will improve blood flow;

• make warm foot baths. Add pine needle extract to water. The duration of the procedure is 10 minutes;

• massage your feet, rub each toe from top to bottom.

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Numbness of the toes: causes and treatment, why the big toe goes numb

Articles

Reading time: 10 min

Published: September 13 2022

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Contents

Why does my big toe go numb?
Causes of toe numbness
Big toe numbness
Left or right toe numbness
Diagnosis
Which doctor should I contact?
Treatment
What should I do if my toes are numb due to uncomfortable shoes?
Consequences
Prevention

Why does my big toe go numb?

Numbness of the toes can be a symptom of many diseases. At the same time, numbness can sometimes be accompanied by a feeling of “crawling”. This ailment is often combined with other symptoms, such as pain, swelling of the lower extremities, discoloration of the skin. To find out the cause of the loss of sensitivity and to establish an accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to contact a neurologist.

This article is advisory in nature. Treatment is prescribed by a specialist after consultation.

It is better to sign up for a consultation with a specialist and the doctor will consult and tell you about the method of treatment. Reception can be both face-to-face and online

We do not recommend self-treatment

Causes of toe numbness

Loss of sensation on the fingers of the lower extremities, as mentioned above, can accompany many diseases. The most common physiological causes of numbness are:

• Wearing narrow, uncomfortable shoes, frequent and prolonged wearing of high heels in women, which can lead to traumatization of joints, tendons of muscles, nerve endings;

• Hypothermia of the tips of the fingers, often caused by prolonged exposure to tight shoes in frosty weather;

• Prolonged stay in an uncomfortable position (working position), which may compress the peripheral nerves. Women who like to cross their legs in a sitting position know well what numbness in the legs is;

• Frequent use of alcoholic beverages, smoking, taking narcotic drugs, unbalanced nutrition in terms of vitamins and microelements – all this also leads to metabolic disorders and microcirculation in the lower extremities.

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Leave your contacts, we will call you back and tell you about the treatment method. Reception can be both face-to-face and online

However, loss of sensation in the toes can be a sign of the following diseases:

• Osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine, accompanied by the formation of an intervertebral hernia, which can compress the spinal root. It depends on which nerve root is compressed, which fingers and on which leg will become numb.
• Diseases of the peripheral veins (varicose veins).
• Atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, in which cholesterol plaques reduce the capacity of the vessels, thereby reducing blood flow to the toes.
• Diseases of the joints of the lower extremities of an inflammatory nature, such as arthritis of various etiologies, leading to compression of the peripheral nerves and arteries.
• Tunnel syndromes in which there is compression of peripheral nerves by anatomical structures. So, with a long stay in a squatting position, compression of the peroneal nerve may occur, which is accompanied by numbness of the dorsum of the foot.
• Diabetes mellitus leads to polyneuropathy – damage to distant parts of the nerves of the extremities. This is accompanied by numbness of the feet, which then rises higher and in severe cases may extend to the thighs. Also, diabetes mellitus causes vascular disorders, which, together with polyneuropathy, can lead to serious complications, such as gangrene.

Please note that the listed diseases can be combined. For example, a decrease in sensitivity can be caused by both a disease of the spine and endocrine disorders.

Numbness of the big toe

For the differential diagnosis of diseases accompanied by numbness, it is very important to know its exact location. So, numbness of both feet makes you think about possible diabetes, toxic damage to the body. The situation when only the big toe goes numb, and the rest feel normal, may indicate a herniated disc, tunnel neuropathy, or gouty arthritis. If the little finger on the leg goes numb, then a violation of the impulse transmission process can occur both at the level of the spinal root and at the level of the peripheral nerve.

Left or right toe numbness

When left toe numbness, spinal pathology should be suspected. Right-sided paresthesia leads to a similar conclusion – discomfort will be observed on the side where the spinal nerve root is compressed, which can be caused by intervertebral hernia or protrusion.

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Diagnosis

Even if the discomfort does not cause you much discomfort, a doctor’s consultation is still necessary. Because a slight numbness of the toe may increase over time, and other symptoms may join it, such as paresis or paralysis, a decrease in the volume of the muscles of the lower limb.

A neurologist can help determine the exact cause of a symptom. To do this, at the initial appointment, complaints are clarified, an anamnesis is carefully collected, and a general, neurological examination of the patient is performed. Often, an additional examination is necessary: ​​clinical analysis of blood and urine, ultrasound examination of blood vessels or peripheral nerves, radiography, CT, MRI of the spine. If necessary, a consultation of specialists of another profile is appointed.

Which doctor should I contact?

We recommend that you see a general practitioner, orthopedist or neurologist. The doctor will ask you in detail and carefully examine you, prescribe additional studies, establish an accurate diagnosis, and, if necessary, refer you for a consultation to another specialist.

Make an appointment with a neurologist

Appointment lasts 60 minutes, includes diagnostics, analysis of your MRI and preparation of a treatment plan, takes place both in person and online.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause of finger numbness and its accompanying symptoms.

Comprehensive treatment for various diseases is similar and may include:

• Manual therapy;

• Drug treatment, which involves the treatment of the underlying disease, the removal of pain, the reduction of inflammation;

• Kinesiology taping;

• Physiotherapy aimed at improving blood circulation and metabolic processes, relieving pain, inflammation and muscle tension;

• Therapeutic massage of the lower extremities, aimed at improving muscle nutrition, increasing the range of active movements in the joints;

• Production of individual Formtotics orthopedic insoles.

With timely access to a specialist, most diseases that cause pain and numbness of the toes respond well to treatment, often without medication – for example, through manual therapy. Timely seeking medical help increases the likelihood of a quick recovery.

What should I do if my toes become numb due to uncomfortable shoes?

• The first is, of course, if possible, it is better to refuse to wear uncomfortable shoes;

• The second is to make a warm foot bath with sea salt.

Consequences

If the disease is not treated in time, it can lead to severe and sometimes irreversible complications. For example, numbness of the toes caused by undiagnosed diabetes mellitus can lead to gangrene. The presence of a large herniated disc can lead to paresis or paralysis of the muscles of the foot.

Make an appointment with a doctor

Our specialists do not recommend home treatment. Leave your number and we will contact you

Prevention

• Stop drinking alcohol, smoking, uncontrolled intake of any drugs;

• Balanced, varied diet;

• Dosed physical activity;

• Wearing properly fitting footwear with a comfortable last and orthopedic insole;

• Timely preventive examinations and medical examinations to detect diseases at an early stage.

These recommendations will help prevent the development of many diseases and maintain normal sensitivity and mobility of the foot.

List of sources:

1. E.V. Back pain, in the book: Pain (practical guide for physicians) / Edited by N.N. Yakhno, M.L. p.230-297.
   
2. Parfenov VA Mydocalm in neurological practice // Treatment of nervous diseases. 2002. No. 2. S. 10-12.
   
3. Parfenov V.