10 causes, treatment, and stretches

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Calf pain usually results from a muscle cramp or injury. However, it can also stem from a vascular problem, such as a blood clot, a pinched nerve, tendon damage, and other issues.

There are a variety of conditions that can affect the calf muscles, as well as the blood vessels and other structures around it. Fortunately, many of the causes of calf pain are easily treatable.

A variety of conditions and situations can cause calf pain, including:

1. Muscle cramp

Muscle cramps in the calf are a common complaint for those who exercise frequently.

Calf muscle cramps are usually temporary but can cause significant pain and discomfort.

Causes of calf muscle cramps include:

• dehydration
• a loss of electrolytes through sweating
• lack of stretching
• prolonged physical activity
• weak muscles

2. Muscle strain

A calf muscle strain occurs when the muscle fibers in the calf tear either partially or completely.

The symptoms will vary depending on the severity of the strain, but most people will experience sudden, sharp pain and tenderness at the calf muscle site.

3.

Arterial claudication

A person may experience calf pain due to narrowing or blockages in the arteries that supply blood flow to the legs. This is known as arterial claudication.

Arterial claudication may cause pain while walking, as this movement requires blood to flow to the lower legs.

If the blood has difficulty moving due to narrowing (claudication), a person may experience calf pain.

A person with arterial claudication will experience no discomfort at rest, but pain after a few minutes of walking.

4. Neurogenic claudication

Neurogenic claudication occurs when the nerves that go to the legs are pinched, affecting their ability to communicate with the lower legs.

Neurogenic claudication is often due to a condition called spinal stenosis.This condition occurs when the bones in the spinal column narrow, placing extra pressure on the nerves. Sciatica is one example of neurogenic claudication.

In addition to calf pain, neurogenic claudication symptoms include:

• pain while walking
• pain after prolonged standing
• pain that also occurs in the thighs, lower back, or buttocks
• pain that usually improves when a person leans forward at the waist

A person may also experience calf pain from neurogenic claudication when at rest.

5. Achilles tendinitis

The Achilles tendon is a tough, fibrous band that connects the calf muscle to the heel bone.

If a person’s calf muscles are especially tight, this may put extra pressure on the Achilles tendon. As a result, a person can experience calf pain.

People are more likely to experience Achilles tendinitis if they have recently started an exercise program or they perform repetitive exercises.

Frequent stretching can often help to reduce symptoms.

6. Compartment syndrome

Persistent pain in the calf should be addressed by a doctor.

Compartment syndrome is a painful condition that can occur in the calf muscle or in both legs, usually after a person has experienced a trauma or severe injury.

It occurs when excess blood or fluid builds up underneath a band of tough tissues in the body that cannot stretch very well. This fluid places extra pressure on the nerves and blood vessels in the lower leg, causing pain, swelling, numbness, and tingling.

Another form of compartment syndrome is chronic or exertional compartment syndrome. This type occurs when a person experiences pain while exercising.

Symptoms associated with chronic compartment syndrome include numbness, visible bulging or enlarging of muscles, or trouble moving the foot.

7. Diabetic neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is a condition that occurs when a person experiences nerve damage related to diabetes.

Frequently high blood sugar levels can damage the body’s nerves, usually beginning with the hands and feet.

Sometimes, the tingling and numbness can cause shooting pain and discomfort that radiates to the calf muscles.

8. Plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is a condition that affects the plantar fascia tissue located on the bottom of the foot.

If the calf muscles are too tight, a person may be more likely to experience plantar fascia because the calf muscles cannot support the foot.

The most common symptoms of plantar fasciitis are foot pain when waking and difficulty flexing the foot.

9. Varicose veins

Varicose veins are enlarged veins that often bulge from the legs and may look like cords. They develop when damaged valves in a person’s veins allow blood to backflow.

Factors that contribute to varicose veins include:

• age
• a family history of varicose veins
• hormone fluctuations
• pregnancy
• obesity
• lack of physical activity

Varicose most commonly appear in the legs and can cause pain, throbbing, cramping, and aching.

10. Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the result of a blood clot that forms in one of the veins in the leg. This condition can cause severe pain and affect blood flow to the legs.

People are more likely to develop DVT if they have been sitting for long periods, such as on a flight, or if they have high blood pressure or blood clotting disorders.

Symptoms of DVT include calf pain that usually gets worse when standing or walking. A person’s leg may also swell and have a red or inflamed area due to the problems with blood flow.

Treatment for calf pain will depend on the underlying cause.

People can treat calf pain that is the result of injury or overuse using the PRICE method. This stands for:

• Protection: Apply a cloth bandage, splint, or immobilizer to the foot, ankle, or calf to protect the injury and allow the muscles to rest.
• Rest: Avoid using the calf muscle more than necessary.
• Ice: Apply a cloth-covered ice pack for 10 to 15 minutes at a time to help reduce inflammation. Ice packs are available to buy in pharmacies and online.
• Compression: Wrap the calf in a stretchy, tight bandage or wear a compression stocking to reduce swelling.
• Elevation: Elevate the leg on pillows to help promote circulation and reduce swelling.

Other causes of calf pain may be treated with medications or other medical procedures, depending on the underlying cause.

Warming up by walking at a moderate pace before engaging in more intense exercise can help to prevent muscle strain injuries.

In addition to these measures, a person may also choose to do some gentle stretching to reduce muscle tightness after exercise.

A person should always check with their doctor before beginning a stretching routine to ensure the stretches will not aggravate an injury.

Useful stretches for calf pain include:

Stretching after exercising may also help to prevent muscle tightness and discomfort.

A person should seek emergency medical treatment if they suspect they have DVT. The symptoms of DVT include pain, swelling, and warmth in one leg.

Other signs a person should seek emergency treatment for calf pain include:

• fever that is greater than 100°F
• swollen leg that is pale or cool to the touch
• sudden extreme swelling in the legs

Some causes of calf pain warrant a trip to the doctor’s office during regular business hours. These include:

• pain while walking
• unexplained leg swelling
• varicose veins that are very painful
• symptoms that do not get better after a few days of at-home care

If a person has concerns about bothersome or ongoing calf pain, making an appointment to see a doctor can help provide peace of mind.

A doctor will carry out a physical examination to determine whether a pulled or strained muscle is the problem.

If the doctor finds that the issue is more severe, they may order a musculoskeletal ultrasound scan. An ultrasound would be able to identify the following:

• arterial claudication
• Achilles tendinitis
• diabetic neuropathy
• plantar fascia
• deep vein thrombosis

A musculoskeletal ultrasound can also provide guidance regarding injection therapy.

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At home, medication, and more

Treatments for ankle pain and discomfort vary depending on the cause. Options may include cold compresses and pain medications. Surgery may be necessary if the pain is severe.

People can develop ankle pain for various reasons.

Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries that may result in ankle pain.

Other possible explanations for long-term pain around the ankles include:

• improperly fitting footwear
• arthritis
• connective tissue diseases
• insufficient circulation
• nerve damage

Ankle pain should gradually resolve. However, depending on the cause, full recovery may take a few months. Pain that worsens, does not improve, or lasts longer than a few months may indicate an underlying condition.

This article looks at the treatments and potential risks of treatment for ankle pain.

Experts recommend the rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) method to reduce ankle pain at home:

• Rest: Avoid putting weight on the affected ankle and limit physical activity until it heals.
• Ice: Apply ice to the ankle for 20 minutes every 2–3 hours to help reduce swelling.
• Compression: Wrap compression bandages and dressings around the painful ankle.
• Elevate: Keep the ankle elevated to reduce swelling.

Risks

People should avoid applying cold compresses directly to the skin, as they can damage the skin or nerves. Ice placed directly on the skin may also result in a burn in some cases.

Those with neuropathy or heart problems should consult a doctor before opting for cold therapy.

Over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help reduce ankle pain. However, they will not necessarily treat the underlying cause.

Doctors commonly prescribe the following NSAIDs:

• ibuprofen
• aspirin
• naproxen sodium

NSAIDs are also available as gels that people can apply directly to painful areas. These can penetrate the skin and reduce pain in the joints and tissues.

In cases of moderate to severe pain, doctors may prescribe opioids such as:

• codeine
• morphine
• hydrocodone

These medications are available in tablet, capsule, injection, and skin patch form.

Risks

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises against using NSAIDs after 20 weeks of pregnancy because they can harm the fetus. Many OTC medications contain NSAIDs, so it is important to read labels carefully and consult a doctor before using a medication.

NSAIDs may be beneficial in treating musculoskeletal pain, including arthritis-related ankle pain. However, serious side effects — such as heart attack, gastrointestinal problems, and allergic reactions — are possible.

While opioids are safe for short-term use, a person should take them only under medical supervision, as there is a risk of adverse effects and misuse.

If home remedies and OTC treatments do not improve symptoms, a medical professional may recommend other options to treat ankle pain.

Braces may help with injury recovery and prevention by restricting motion and reducing pain.

Risks

Wearing an ankle brace may lead to decreased balance and strength in the affected ankle. Therefore, a person may benefit from engaging in physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises to prevent or address these effects.

Additionally, a person should consider the type of bracing they use for their ankle.

A 2020 study involving 2,073 female high school volleyball players with lower extremity injuries found that soft-shell braces increased the risk of ankle injuries. Hard-shell braces, on the other hand, did not affect injury risk.

Exercise can help reduce ankle pain and stiffness.

People should start exercising gently and slowly and build up each time they exercise. If the ankles are stiff before exercising, a person should take a warm shower or warm up to loosen up the joints.

Experts recommend avoiding high impact sports and heavy lifting until a person has less discomfort in their ankle.

Physical activity can help a person:

• maintain their fitness level
• keep other muscles and joints strong and flexible
• prevent a recurrence of injury
• maintain a moderate weight

Risks

Some types of movement may worsen ankle pain or cause bursts of more intense pain. A person should consult a doctor and physical therapist to find out the best way to ease back into physical activity.

One 2017 retrospective study found that steroid injections can be effective for those with ankle pain for up to 3 months after an injury.

Steroid injections reduce swelling and inflammation and improve pain.

Risks

Steroid injections may cause side effects such as the following:

• Sometimes, a person may experience increased pain in the injected area. Doctors refer to this as steroid “flare.” It is usually temporary but could last up to 48 hours.
• The injection site may bruise or bleed after treatment.
• People may notice skin discoloration or thinning of fat.
• Less commonly, there is a risk of weakening and rupturing the tendons.
• In rare cases, a person may have an allergic reaction to the injection.
• Rarely, the injection site may become infected.

A person should consult a doctor if they experience any of the above or other noticeable effects after the injection.

The longer a person receives this medication, the more severe the side effects may be.

Surgery may be necessary in the case of severe injury and pain. Possible surgical procedures include:

• Ankle arthroscopy: During this procedure, a surgeon may make a few incisions and insert an arthroscope into the ankle. This small tube has a video camera that allows the doctors to look closely at the joints and scar tissue. They may then reconstruct torn or stretched tissues.
• Ankle ligament reconstruction: This involves using tendons from different areas of the body to repair or reconstruct torn ligaments.
• Ankle replacement surgery: This is for people with severe ankle arthritis and involves replacing the damaged joint with an ankle implant.
• Ankle fusion: People with severe arthritis who cannot undergo replacement surgery may need an ankle fusion. In this procedure, a surgeon connects the two bones below the ankle using nails, screws, or plates.

Risks

Ankle surgery has risks, and most people experience a reduced range of motion and swelling in the months after surgery. Possible complications include:

• bleeding
• infection
• damage to tissues such as tendons and nerves
• issues with screws, nails, or plates
• new arthritis affecting nearby bones

People should consult a doctor if they have a sprained ankle and the swelling does not go away with home remedies.

A medical professional can evaluate the symptoms and discuss potential treatment options.

If the following symptoms occur after an ankle injury, they may indicate a break that needs immediate medical attention:

• dizziness
• a change in ankle or foot shape
• severe pain
• an inability to put any pressure on the affected leg

Swelling and stiffness may often accompany ankle pain or discomfort.

Applying cold compresses and elevating the leg can help relieve pain and improve circulation. If home remedies do not work, a person may benefit from visiting a doctor. A doctor will evaluate the injury and may prescribe medications or recommend wearing a brace to help with healing.

The treatment plan depends on the person’s condition and the severity of the pain.

Pain in the calves after running and walking, causes and methods of pain treatment

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If your calves hurt after running, this is an indicator of stress on the muscles involved. Pain increases with increasing muscle stress. In people who are unprepared for stress, as well as those who have violated the rules and techniques of playing sports, the calf muscles will certainly hurt. In addition, such discomfort may indicate the existence of some health problems. To exclude negative manifestations, it is necessary to understand the causes of malaise, if possible, eliminate them.

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The methods used in our clinic are safe and have no side effects.

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Long-term effect

Treatment minimizes the risk of new hernias in other segments, as well as hernia recurrence.

Types of muscle pain after exercise

Classify several types of pain that occur after sports training:

Why calves hurt after running: possible causes

There are two groups of factors causing pain:

• Physiological. A variant of the norm that does not require medical treatment. It occurs when overloading, sprains, wearing uncomfortable shoes. Physiological causes include lack of oxygen (muscle hypoxia), excess lactic acid formed during exercise, muscle microtrauma;
• Pathological. Violation of the body systems, requiring medical supervision, treatment. Possible diseases: varicose veins, venous insufficiency, vascular thrombosis, osteochondrosis and others.

Ignoring pathological causes can lead to exacerbation of diseases, the development of severe lesions and inflammation, and disability of the patient. Persistent pain is a clear signal of the body about trouble.

Diagnosis and examinations

Pain that does not resolve on its own after exercise requires a visit to a doctor. About how to treat pain in the calves, the specialist will tell after the diagnosis. Conducted:

• blood and urine laboratory tests:
• Ultrasound of the vessels of the lower extremities;
• MRI of legs and spine;
• electroneuromyography, instrumental diagnostics for assessing muscle contractility;
• joint puncture.

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During the consultation, we carry out a thorough diagnosis of the entire spine and each segment. We are exactly
we determine which segments and nerve roots are involved and cause symptoms of pain. As a result of the consultation
We give detailed recommendations for treatment and, if necessary, prescribe additional diagnostics.

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Let’s perform a manipulation that significantly relieves pain

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Treatment of calf pain

The types of treatment depend on the identified pathology.

If a micronutrient deficiency has been identified by a screening examination as the cause of a malfunction in the body of a person involved in sports, it is necessary to start taking the missing substances.

Pain in the calves caused by high levels of lactic acid is relieved by simple manipulations: warming up before starting physical education, breaks during training, massaging the limbs after training, taking a hot vasodilating bath.

If the diagnosis showed that the calves are very sore as a symptom of chronic diseases: diabetes, kidney pathology or others, then the treatment is focused on the underlying disease. The doctor develops therapy tactics, recommends drug or non-drug methods. Surgery is rarely required. Conventional conservative methods effectively eliminate inflammatory processes, promote the elimination of toxins, strengthen ligaments, improve blood circulation, relieve swelling and pain.

The most effective:

• Physiotherapy: treatment with magnets, currents, cold, other;
• Massage: course treatment that relieves muscle spasm, improves tissue tone, elasticity, normalizes metabolic processes;
• Acupuncture: reduces swelling and muscle tension, activates the work of joints, muscle tissue.

Prevention

Usually, if the calves hurt after running, a person is not in a hurry to immediately consult a doctor, except in cases of a pronounced injury or unbearable unrelenting pain. What to do to minimize unpleasant mild sensations: light self-massage, rest, fluid intake or baths with medicinal herbs will help.

Doctors recommend the following preventive measures to protect the lower extremities from pain or the development of dangerous pathologies:

• Wear comfortable shoes without heels;
• Balanced nutrition;
• Weight control;
• Regular exercise;
• Periods of sedentary activity with breaks of 5-10 minutes every hour.

If the pain is severe, you can use medical pain relief creams, ointments, gels, or take an analgesic tablet. Remember that severe pain is a dangerous symptom that requires an immediate visit to a specialist.

Treating calf pain at Dr. Length’s clinic

If you have pain in your calves after running, contact the renowned pain specialists at Dr. Length’s well-known clinic in Moscow. Doctors will conduct a comprehensive diagnosis to identify the cause of the ailment, establish an accurate diagnosis, and give professional recommendations for the effective treatment of the disease. The highly professional assistance of specialists who have undergone training and advanced training in the world’s leading centers – leaders in the treatment of painful symptoms of any origin, will help to quickly relieve pain and restore a full quality of life. For clinic patients:

• effective international treatment using innovative technologies;
• use of modern diagnostic and treatment equipment and the latest safe medicines;
• services of experienced doctors;
• elimination of pain manifestations from the first sessions of therapy;
• attentive staff and comfortable environment.

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FAQ

Which doctor should I contact for calf pain?

It’s a good idea to get a wellness check-up and lab tests before you start going to a fitness center or running. To do this, it is enough to visit the local therapist. If you experience any kind of discomfort during physical activity, you should immediately contact a trainer, instructor or sports medicine doctor. If the classes are self-guided, pay a visit to the general practitioner. Even if the negative symptoms pass quickly, leaving no visible consequences, you can get practical advice from specialists on organizing classes, drinking and eating, normalizing work and rest, which will reduce painful manifestations and also increase the effectiveness of your workouts.

How to quickly help yourself if your calves hurt after running?

Quick and effective self-help measures:

• apply cold to the calves, preferably ice;
• raise legs;
• apply a compression bandage.

What is the role of water and nutrition in causing pain?

Pain in the calves can be provoked by an insufficiently active metabolic processes. The inclusion of vitamins B and C, microelements: calcium, potassium, magnesium in the athlete’s diet helps to establish metabolism. Foods with vitamin E found in greens, nuts, beans or eggs will help strengthen the walls of blood vessels.

Water stimulates the removal of salts and toxins, regenerates tissues after intensive training. Dehydration is manifested by spastic pain after exercise. Water intake should be increased to three liters daily. You can take several sips during the session itself.

What technical errors lead to pain after running?

If you move your legs according to the technology of safe running, you can completely eliminate pain after a run. Adjust Steps:

• step on a full foot, do not run on your toes;
• run straight without leaning forward;
• take frequent short steps and low jumps, it is the violation of this rule that hurts the calves from the inside;
• when accelerating, do not increase the length of the step, but accelerate the movement of the legs.

How to choose the right shoes for running without pain?

If your calves hurt after running without any health problems, you should choose comfortable and proper shoes. Selection principles:

• the sole must have the same thickness throughout;
• leg fixation should be as rigid as possible, excluding microtrauma;
• ideal for the purchase of sneakers for a certain type of coverage;
• in order not to disturb the microcirculation of the blood, wear running shoes on a bare foot without tight socks or golf.

Avoid running on paved paths, trails with frequent uphill or downhill runs, or on sand.

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Articular block in the neck 90 004 Hernias in the lower back and neck

Clinic Dr. Length I came in with spinal problems. With two intervertebral lower hernias and two intervertebral hernias in the neck. I was assigned a comprehensive 10 step program. For 4 months, my lower vertebrae completely disappeared and crunches in my neck disappeared …

Hernia of the lumbosacral region

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Pain in the lower back and leg

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I want to express my deep gratitude for the fact that I was put on my feet in the truest sense of the word. I came to the clinic a month and a half ago with severe pain in the lower back and leg. These complaints were long enough and the treatment that I used in the past was ineffective. Fortunately, I ended up in the clinic of Dr. Length and his team of super professionals!

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Bechterew’s disease

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Pain in the spine

“I came in with problems in my back, cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. I was prescribed procedures, had a massage, and was assigned to do physical education at home. This made it much easier for me. I’m already turning my head. I have no pain.”

Shoulder-to-shoulder periarthrosis

I went to the clinic with severe pain in my shoulder. My hand did not rise, I could not sleep at night, I woke up from pain. After the first treatment session, I felt much better. Somewhere in the middle of the course, my hand began to rise, I began to sleep at night.

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Scoliosis

“Since I was a teenager, I have suffered from scoliosis in the thoracic region. I felt a feeling of discomfort, tension, periodic pain in the spine. I turned to various specialists, a massage therapist, an osteopath, but I did not feel a strong effect. After treatment, Length S.V. I almost have a straight spine. Currently, I do not feel any problems and discomfort.”

Intervertebral hernia

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Pain in the lumbar and cervical region

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Pain in the back

“At the beginning of the path of treatment, my back hurt very badly. I could no longer walk. I take 5 steps and stop. My entire journey consisted of such stops. In the very first procedure, I left the office with no pain in my spine. ”

Cervical hernia

“I came in with a problem in my neck and my right arm was very sore. The neck did not turn, the hand did not rise. After the 3rd session, I felt better. After the 5th, all this pain began to decrease. It turns out I have 2 hernias in my cervical vertebrae. After the sessions, I did an MRI and one hernia decreased. Now he began to move, his hand earned.

Pain in the neck

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Pain in the thoracic region

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Hernia and protrusion

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Pain in the lower back and hip joint

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Calf pain – General information, Causes.

Tomsk

Sometimes when walking or intense physical exertion, pain can occur under the knee at the back and in the calf. In most cases, calf pain is caused by muscle strain and fatigue. In such cases, it passes on its own after rest. If a strong pulling pain in the calves appeared suddenly, and the condition continues to worsen, the reasons can be much more serious. Sometimes calf pain may require immediate medical attention

What are calves

“Caviar” refers to the muscles of the back of the leg. It consists of three muscles

Gastrocnemius. Allows us to bend the knee and rise “on tiptoe” (plantar flexion of the foot). Plantar flexion provides propulsion during walking.

The gastrocnemius muscle is involved in the movements of the knee and ankle joints, however, it cannot simultaneously act on both of these joints with maximum force. So, if the knee is bent, the gastrocnemius muscle cannot maximally bend the foot and vice versa [3].

Soleus muscle. Together with the gastrocnemius muscle, it provides plantar flexion of the ankle joint and retention of the tibia on the calcaneus.

Plantar muscle. It is the thinnest and weakest and helps the rest of the calf muscles to bend the knee and ankle.

These three muscles come together to form the Achilles tendon. It is attached to the heel bone.

Causes of pain in the calves

Pain in the calves can be caused by many reasons. Conventionally, they can be divided into muscular (spasm and muscle strain) and non-muscular.

Muscle spasms (cramps)

Muscle spasms, more commonly known as cramps, are sudden, painful muscle contractions. They can last from a few seconds to a couple of minutes. Spasm is a normal muscle reaction to very intense or new exercise. With dehydration, muscle injury, and mineral deficiencies, cramps are more likely to occur.

Serious illnesses such as kidney failure, hypothyroidism (reduced thyroid hormone production), alcoholism, and diabetes can also cause seizures. Also, muscle spasm worries when there is a violation of the blood supply to the muscles of the calves, for example, with atherosclerosis of the vessels.

Muscle strain

Pain in the calf often indicates a normal muscle strain. The stretch usually occurs on the inner surface of the calves, in the calf muscle. Victims complain of sudden pain in the calf. Patients often report an audible or palpable “pop” in the inner calf, or they feel as if someone has kicked the calf. Over the next 24 hours, there is usually severe pain and swelling.

A calf strain is also referred to as tennis leg. This condition occurred in middle-aged tennis players due to the frequent sharp extension of the knees.

Inflammation of the Achilles tendon

Tendinitis (inflammation) of the Achilles tendon is associated with excessive strain or stress on the Achilles tendon. Common symptoms of tendon inflammation include pain in the back of the leg, swelling, and limited range of motion when the foot is flexed.

Deep vein thrombosis

Pain in the calves may be due to blockage of the vein by a blood clot (thrombus). As a result, decay products accumulate in the muscles. This may cause necrosis of some areas of the muscle.

Classic symptoms of thrombosis include swelling, fever, and painful cramping pain in the calf of the affected leg. With thrombosis, the volume of the left leg and the right leg will differ: the affected limb will be larger, often it becomes bluish

The risk of thrombosis increases with age, pregnancy, obesity, cancer, smoking, and after surgery or fractures.

Nerve injury

Nerve injury in the shin area can cause calf pain. The two most common causes of nerve damage are

• neuralgia of the sciatic nerve (more often occurs when it is pinched or inflamed), in which pain, in addition to the calves, also covers the thigh;
• diabetic polyneuropathy, which occurs due to impaired blood supply to the nerves in diabetes mellitus and, in addition to pain, is accompanied by leg numbness and a crawling sensation.