How does acid reflux affect the heart. What are the shared risk factors between GERD and heart disease. Can GERD medications impact cardiovascular health. How do lifestyle changes help manage both conditions.

The Shared Risk Factors of GERD and Heart Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and heart disease share several common risk factors, highlighting the intricate relationship between these two conditions. Understanding these shared risk factors can help individuals take proactive steps to manage their health more effectively.

Research published in the journal Medicine has identified key risk factors associated with both GERD and coronary heart disease:

• Male gender
• Obesity
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol consumption

This overlap in risk factors suggests that individuals prone to one condition may be at an increased risk of developing the other. By addressing these shared risk factors, people can potentially reduce their chances of experiencing both GERD and heart-related issues.

The Impact of GERD Medications on Heart Health

While proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective in managing GERD symptoms, their long-term use may have implications for heart health. PPIs work by reducing stomach acid production, providing relief for individuals with severe GERD. However, research from the Houston Methodist Research Institute suggests that prolonged use of PPIs, especially without medical supervision, can affect vascular function in the heart.

Is there a recommended duration for PPI use? Medical professionals typically advise that PPIs should be used as a short-term solution. Patients should work closely with their healthcare providers to determine the appropriate duration of PPI treatment and explore alternative management strategies for long-term GERD control.

The Connection Between GERD Symptoms and Heart Function

GERD can indirectly affect heart function through various mechanisms. Dr. Joseph Shami, a gastroenterologist at Gastroenterology Associates of New Jersey, explains that the inflammation of the esophagus caused by significant GERD can trigger heart palpitations. While these palpitations may not directly lead to heart disease, they can impact heart function over time.

How does GERD-related chest pain contribute to heart health concerns? The chest pain associated with GERD can be a source of psychological stress, which is a known contributor to increased heart disease risk. This stress response, coupled with the physical discomfort of GERD symptoms, creates a complex interplay between digestive and cardiovascular health.

Lifestyle Modifications for Managing GERD and Heart Health

Addressing both GERD and heart disease risk requires a comprehensive approach to health. Dr. Shami emphasizes that while medication may help manage GERD symptoms, implementing meaningful lifestyle habits can boost overall health, benefiting the heart, digestive tract, immune system, hormonal response, and emotional wellbeing.

Adopting a Heart-Healthy Diet

Dr. Sanjiv Patel, an interventional cardiologist at MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, recommends adopting a Mediterranean-style diet to support both heart and gut health. This dietary approach emphasizes:

• Fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Legumes
• Fish and lean proteins
• Healthy fats like olive oil

How does a Mediterranean diet benefit both GERD and heart health? The high fiber content and abundance of vitamins and minerals in this diet can help reduce inflammation, improve digestion, and support cardiovascular function. Additionally, the emphasis on lean proteins and healthy fats can help manage weight, a key factor in both GERD and heart disease risk.

Quitting Smoking and Limiting Alcohol Consumption

Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are major risk factors for both severe GERD and heart disease. The American Heart Association warns that any tobacco product, including e-cigarettes, poses significant heart risks. Quitting smoking can lead to immediate improvements in both GERD symptoms and heart health.

What are the benefits of quitting smoking for GERD and heart health? Smoking cessation can:

• Reduce inflammation in the esophagus and digestive tract
• Improve lung function and oxygen circulation
• Lower blood pressure and heart rate
• Decrease the risk of blood clots
• Enhance overall cardiovascular health

Limiting alcohol consumption can also help manage GERD symptoms and reduce the risk of heart disease. Alcohol can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, exacerbating acid reflux, and contribute to high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues when consumed in excess.

Prioritizing Quality Sleep

The relationship between sleep, GERD, and heart health is complex and bidirectional. Research published in the journal SLEEP indicates that sleep disturbances may increase the risk of developing GERD, while GERD itself can cause sleep difficulties. Poor sleep quality is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, according to a review in Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

How can improving sleep quality benefit both GERD and heart health? Establishing a good sleep routine can:

• Reduce nighttime acid reflux episodes
• Lower inflammation throughout the body
• Improve blood pressure regulation
• Enhance hormonal balance
• Support overall cardiovascular function

The Role of Stress Management in GERD and Heart Health

Stress can exacerbate both GERD symptoms and heart disease risk. Chronic stress can lead to increased production of stomach acid, potentially worsening acid reflux. It can also contribute to high blood pressure, inflammation, and unhealthy behaviors that negatively impact heart health.

What stress management techniques can benefit individuals with GERD and heart concerns? Consider incorporating the following practices:

• Mindfulness meditation
• Deep breathing exercises
• Regular physical activity
• Yoga or tai chi
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy

By managing stress effectively, individuals can potentially reduce the frequency and severity of GERD symptoms while also supporting their cardiovascular health.

The Importance of Regular Medical Check-ups

Given the complex relationship between GERD and heart disease, regular medical check-ups are crucial for maintaining overall health. These check-ups allow healthcare providers to monitor both conditions, adjust treatment plans as needed, and identify potential complications early.

What should be included in regular check-ups for individuals with GERD and heart concerns?

• Blood pressure measurements
• Cholesterol level tests
• Blood glucose monitoring
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) when appropriate
• Discussions about GERD symptoms and medication effectiveness
• Assessment of lifestyle factors and recommendations for improvement

Regular medical supervision ensures that both GERD and heart health are managed effectively, reducing the risk of complications and improving overall quality of life.

Understanding GERD-related Chest Pain vs. Cardiac Chest Pain

One of the challenges in managing GERD and heart health is distinguishing between GERD-related chest pain and cardiac chest pain. While both can cause discomfort in the chest area, there are some key differences that individuals should be aware of.

How can one differentiate between GERD-related chest pain and cardiac chest pain?

• GERD-related chest pain:
  • Often described as a burning sensation
  • May worsen after eating or when lying down
  • Can be accompanied by a sour taste in the mouth
  • May be relieved by antacids
• Cardiac chest pain:
  • Often described as a pressure or squeezing sensation
  • May radiate to the arm, jaw, or back
  • Can be accompanied by shortness of breath or nausea
  • May worsen with physical exertion

It’s important to note that these symptoms can sometimes overlap, and any persistent or concerning chest pain should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out cardiac issues.

The Role of Weight Management in GERD and Heart Health

Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for managing both GERD and heart disease risk. Excess weight, particularly around the abdominal area, can increase pressure on the stomach and lower esophageal sphincter, exacerbating GERD symptoms. Additionally, obesity is a well-established risk factor for heart disease.

How does weight loss benefit individuals with GERD and heart concerns?

• Reduces pressure on the stomach and lower esophageal sphincter
• Decreases the frequency and severity of acid reflux episodes
• Lowers blood pressure and improves cholesterol levels
• Reduces inflammation throughout the body
• Improves overall cardiovascular function

Implementing a balanced diet and regular exercise routine can help individuals achieve and maintain a healthy weight, benefiting both their digestive and cardiovascular health.

Effective Exercise Strategies for GERD and Heart Health

While exercise is beneficial for overall health, certain types of physical activity may exacerbate GERD symptoms. It’s important to choose exercises that support both GERD management and heart health.

What types of exercises are recommended for individuals with GERD and heart concerns?

• Low-impact aerobic activities (e.g., walking, swimming, cycling)
• Strength training with proper form to avoid increasing abdominal pressure
• Yoga or Pilates for core strengthening and stress reduction
• Breathing exercises to support diaphragm function

It’s advisable to avoid high-intensity exercises or activities that involve lying flat immediately after eating, as these can trigger acid reflux in some individuals. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting a new exercise regimen, especially if you have existing heart conditions.

The Impact of Medications on GERD and Heart Health

Certain medications used to treat heart conditions can affect GERD symptoms, while some GERD medications may have implications for heart health. Understanding these interactions is crucial for effective management of both conditions.

Which medications can impact both GERD and heart health?

• Calcium channel blockers: Used for heart conditions but may relax the lower esophageal sphincter, worsening GERD symptoms
• Aspirin and other NSAIDs: Can irritate the esophagus and stomach lining, potentially exacerbating GERD
• Beta-blockers: May mask some symptoms of GERD, making it harder to diagnose
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): Long-term use may have implications for heart health, as discussed earlier

It’s essential to work closely with healthcare providers to find the right balance of medications that effectively manage both GERD and heart health without causing adverse effects or interactions.

Alternative Therapies for GERD and Heart Health

In addition to conventional treatments, some individuals may explore alternative therapies to support their GERD and heart health management. While these approaches should not replace medical treatment, they may offer complementary benefits when used under professional guidance.

What alternative therapies show promise for GERD and heart health?

• Acupuncture: May help reduce GERD symptoms and support heart function
• Herbal supplements: Some herbs like licorice root (DGL) may help with GERD, while others like hawthorn may support heart health
• Probiotics: Can support digestive health and may have anti-inflammatory effects beneficial for the heart
• Melatonin: Some studies suggest it may help with GERD symptoms, particularly at night

It’s crucial to consult with healthcare providers before incorporating any alternative therapies, as some may interact with medications or have contraindications for certain health conditions.

The Psychological Impact of Managing GERD and Heart Health

Living with both GERD and heart health concerns can take a toll on an individual’s mental and emotional wellbeing. The chronic nature of these conditions, coupled with lifestyle changes and medication regimens, can lead to stress, anxiety, and even depression.

How can individuals cope with the psychological impact of managing GERD and heart health?

• Seek support from mental health professionals
• Join support groups for individuals with similar health concerns
• Practice mindfulness and relaxation techniques
• Engage in hobbies and activities that bring joy and reduce stress
• Maintain open communication with healthcare providers about mental health concerns

Addressing the psychological aspects of living with GERD and heart health issues is crucial for overall wellbeing and can positively impact the management of both conditions.

The Role of Social Support in Managing GERD and Heart Health

Strong social support can play a significant role in helping individuals manage both GERD and heart health effectively. Family, friends, and support groups can provide emotional support, practical assistance, and motivation to maintain healthy lifestyle changes.

How can social support benefit individuals managing GERD and heart health?

• Encouragement to adhere to treatment plans and lifestyle modifications
• Shared experiences and coping strategies from others with similar conditions
• Assistance with meal planning and preparation to support dietary changes
• Companionship for physical activities and exercise
• Emotional support during challenging times or setbacks

Cultivating a strong support network can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals managing both GERD and heart health concerns.

The Connection Between GERD and Heart Disease

Medically Reviewed

Research shows that these two conditions go hand-in-hand. If you have GERD, here’s what you should know.

Updated Feb 27, 2023

By

Elizabeth Millard

Medical ReviewerGregory Payne, M.D., Ph.D.

GettyImages/Liubomyr Vorona

“Heartburn” is a misleading term—the acidic backwash from acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) actually affects the esophagus, which runs alongside the heart. (Which is why it feels like your heart is burning when it’s not.) But that doesn’t mean your heart is totally out of the picture: Your cardiovascular system can be affected by GERD in a different way. Research suggests that there’s a link between having GERD and being at risk for heart disease. We asked the experts to tell us more about this relationship, and offer advice on improving both your GERD symptoms and your heart health.

GettyImages/Wavebreakmedia Ltd

In a study published in the journal Medicine about the connection between GERD and heart disease, researchers noted that the risk factors associated most with GERD are: being male, having obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and excess alcohol consumption. All of these factors have also been linked to coronary heart disease, according to the study—which means if you’re prone to one of the conditions, you’re also at risk of developing the other.

GettyImages/Andrey Mitrofanov

In the Medicine study, researchers suggest that one heart disease risk factor is long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), a type of medication designed to reduce stomach acid production. PPI works by changing how glands in the lining of the stomach work, and for people with severe GERD, this medication can help to reduce symptoms significantly. However, according to research from the Houston Methodist Research Institute, it’s meant to be a short-term solution, and when people take PPI for too long—especially without medical supervision—it can affect the vascular function of their hearts.

GettyImages/PeopleImages

The inflammation of the esophagus caused by significant GERD can trigger heart palpitations, according to Joseph Shami, M.D., a gastroenterologist at Gastroenterology Associates of New Jersey in Woodland Park. These heartbeat changes don’t necessarily lead to heart disease, but he says they may affect heart function. Over time, that may cause psychological stress, which does contribute to higher heart disease risk. If palpitations are accompanied by chest pain—which is common with GERD, says Dr. Shami—that can be another source of stress.

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The best way to lower your heart disease risk when you have GERD is to focus on improving not just your cardiovascular function, but every system in the body. “Addressing GERD symptoms specifically through medication may be helpful for that condition,” Dr. Shami says. “But implementing meaningful lifestyle habits can boost health for your heart, digestive tract, immune system, hormonal response, and even emotional wellbeing. ” Here are three habits that can lower your heart disease risk and support your health overall.

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What you eat when you have GERD plays a big role in both managing symptoms and preventing heart disease, according to Sanjiv Patel, M.D., interventional cardiologist at MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute at Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA. In particular, adopting a Mediterranean style of eating—a diet that’s rich fiber as well as vitamins and minerals—can be beneficial. “Eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and protein like fish can help your heart and your gut health,” Dr. Patel says.

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Smoking cigarettes and excessive alcohol consumption are major risk factors for severe GERD and heart disease. Smoking, in particular, is strongly linked to both, and according to the American Heart Association, any tobacco product, including e-cigarettes, comes with significant heart risks. The good news is that once you quit using tobacco, risks for both conditions start to lower almost immediately, even though it takes time for the heart to recover, says Dr. Patel. Plus, you’ll improve GERD symptoms and boost your respiratory, immune, lymphatic, and brain function, among other advantages, he adds. Make a plan to quit, and get started.

GettyImages/Antonio_Diaz

Research published in the journal SLEEP indicates that sleep disturbances may lead to a higher risk of developing GERD, and having GERD can cause sleep difficulties. Sleep troubles are also tough on the heart, according to a research review from Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine looking at cardiovascular disease and issues like insomnia, short sleep time, and trouble staying asleep. Putting effort into establishing a good sleep routine is important for both GERD and heart health, says Dr. Shami. If you’ve tried different approaches and still struggle to get quality rest, check with your doctor to investigate possible underlying causes.

GettyImages/José Araújo

Stress can affect your physical health as much as it does your psychological well-being. Dr. Patel says ongoing, chronic stress can increase inflammation throughout the body and that may lead to cardiovascular problems like high blood pressure and lower HDL “good” cholesterol. Since inflammation can also worsen GERD, that means stress might make reflux more frequent and severe. It’s also worth noticing if your GERD symptoms change when you’re feeling more frazzled or overwhelmed, Dr. Patel says. Adopting strategies to manage stress—even just taking a few deep breaths throughout the day—can reduce your risk for both conditions, Dr. Patel suggests.

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Let’s be clear: Having GERD doesn’t automatically mean that your heart will be affected. But because there is the connection, Dr. Shami suggests having a conversation with your primary care physician or gastroenterologist about any heart health concerns. Be sure to share if heart disease runs in your family, since that can also affect your risk level. Staying on top of your overall health, developing meaningful lifestyle habits, taking medication as advised, and getting regular checkups can all go a long way toward keeping your heart—and your digestive system—in good shape.

Is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Related To Heart Disease? | Article

Acid reflux is a chronic condition where stomach acids leak back into the esophagus and irritate the stomach lining causing heartburn. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic condition, diagnosed by a gastroenterologist, where acid reflux occurs more than twice a week for a few weeks. GERD is generally considered a harmless disease where you have a burning sensation in your chest after eating acidic foods. Many people have GERD, 93 million people in the U.S. to be exact. Just take some antacids. No biggie, right? Wrong!

People who have GERD are more likely than others to end up with heart disease, characterized by abnormal heartbeats, plaque buildup in the heart arteries or reduced blood flow to the heart. In 2010, heart disease caused one out of every four U.S. deaths. If you have abnormal signs or symptoms, go to the emergency room.

It is important for patients and healthcare providers to be aware of health problems that might signal heart disease. Diabetes, high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels are known to increase heart disease risks.

New research suggests that GERD may be another risk factor. Doctors at the National Area Military Health System found that military service members and their family members with GERD were 40 percent more likely than those without GERD to end up with atrial fibrillation – a type of heart disease that causes irregular heartbeats. Atrial fibrillation can lead to stroke and heart failure. If you have chest pain, go to the emergency room.

Another study found that patients with coronary heart disease were twice as likely to have been previously diagnosed with GERD. Individuals with coronary heart disease have excess plaque buildup in the coronary arteries. In yet another study, a subset of patients who sought medical care for GERD were found to have ischemic heart disease or reduced blood flow to the heart. Scientists are not sure why a link between GERD and heart disease exists. Some think the proximity of the heart to the esophagus may cause one to affect the other.

GERD can be managed by monitoring the following behaviors: avoiding foods such as chocolate, coffee, peppermint, spicy foods and tomato products; quitting smoking; taking over-the-counter or prescribed medication or losing weight. Maintaining a healthy weight is the only known cure for GERD. Maintaining a healthy weight can also reduce risks for the different types of heart disease. Patients diagnosed with acid reflux should use that information as a reminder that maintaining a healthy weight can prevent heart disease.

People diagnosed with GERD should also remember to get annual physical exams. The key to preventing cardiovascular disease is managing your risk factors. But how do you know which risk factors you have? The best way to find out is through screening tests during regular doctor visits. Annual physicals can detect heart disease at early stages. It can also let you know if you have risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, or GERD.

If your test results are less than ideal, it does not mean you are destined to develop a serious heart disease. It means you are in a position to change your health in a positive way. Screening results can serve as a wake-up call to modify your diet and get more physical activity to prevent future heart disease.

To maintain a healthy weight, follow the Performance Triad guidelines at http://phc.amedd.army.mil/topics/campaigns/perftriad/Pages/default.aspx.

For information about heart disease, visit the Centers for Disease Control website at http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/index.htm.

The Veterans Administration/Department of Defense Cardiovascular Clinical Practice has heart healthy materials at https://www. qmo.amedd.army.mil/QMOCPGShopCart/products.asp?cat=4.

For information on symptoms of a heart attack, visit the National Institute for Health website at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/signs.

Army Public Health Center (Provisional)

Performance Triad Guidelines

Centers for Disease Control

National Institute for Health

VA/DOD Cardiovascular Clinical Practice

Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease – Clinic Zdorovye 365 Yekaterinburg

Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Although most patients never develop serious complications, gastroesophageal reflux does not always flow easily. Without timely treatment, chronic GERD can lead to diseases of the esophagus – the occurrence of inflammation, ulcers, bleeding and scarring of the tissues of the esophagus.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease can cause serious diseases:

Erosive esophagitis – severe inflammation of the esophageal mucosa with the formation of erosions.

Ulcers of the esophagus – crater-like sores on the lining of the esophagus that can bleed and sometimes lead to anemia.

Esophageal stricture – Narrowing of the esophagus caused by scar tissue that can cause food to remain in the esophagus and make it difficult to swallow.

Barrett’s esophagus . In disease, the natural lining of the esophagus is replaced by abnormal cells. Approximately 10-15% of people with GERD develop the disease. Most often, Barrett’s esophagus occurs in men over 50 who belong to the Caucasian race. People with Barrett’s esophagus are also at risk of developing esophageal cancer, so these patients should undergo videoesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FGS) at regular intervals to detect early signs of cancer.

Reflux laryngitis . When gastric juice is thrown into the throat, a sore throat and chronic cough may appear. If the juice enters the larynx, it can lead to irritation of the larynx, trachea and vocal cords, which causes a hoarse voice. The relationship between reflux and laryngitis is not entirely clear, so other causes of laryngitis, such as allergies or smoking, should always be looked at.

Bronchitis and pneumonia . If the contents of the stomach enter the trachea and further into the bronchi and lungs, a bronchial response develops: shortness of breath, cough, worsening of asthma or the appearance of infectious diseases, such as pneumonia.

Abnormal tooth decay . Because stomach acids break down tooth enamel, severe GERD increases the risk of tooth decay.

Increased risk of esophageal cancer . Even if people with severe and prolonged GERD do not have Barrett’s esophagus, there is an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer.

Some disorders may present with the same symptoms as gastroesophageal reflux disease. These diseases include esophageal spasms, esophageal cancer, peptic ulcers, gastritis, asthma, and coronary heart disease.

Asthma in adults . There is a link between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux, which is especially noticeable in people who are short of breath. The onset of attacks occurs more often at night when a person takes a horizontal position or after eating, as well as in the presence of problems in the respiratory tract (hoarseness, recurring pneumonia, coughing often occurs). According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, approximately 70% of people with asthma have gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Heart disease . Chest pain due to heart disease is one of the most serious symptoms and diseases that can be confused with GERD. The question arises: when is heartburn, and when is a heart attack? There are several differences.

During a heart attack, there is shortness of breath and constrictive, severe, or dull pain behind the breastbone, which may radiate to the neck, shoulders, or arms. This pain usually resolves after taking nitroglycerin.

GERD-related chest pain is usually characterized as burning and may radiate upward. Pain due to GERD occurs after eating and resolves after taking antacids. However, this pain can be so similar to heart pain that it can be difficult to distinguish between them without special examination.

WARNING: The symptoms of chest pain that accompanies a heart attack are sometimes known not to fit the traditional description, especially in women who experience atypical pain such as pain in the abdomen or back. Unlike heart disease pain, gastroesophageal reflux pain should not radiate to the back, shoulders, or arms. However, the absence of these symptoms does NOT rule out the possibility that heart disease is the cause of the pain. If the pain lasts for several minutes, do not try to diagnose yourself, but consult a doctor.

You can get more detailed information about the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease from the gastroenterologists of the Health 365 clinic in Yekaterinburg.

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Esophagitis: causes, symptoms and treatment

Contents

• 1 Esophagitis: causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention
  • 1.1 Esophagitis: what it is and how it manifests
  • 1.2 Causes of esophagitis
  • 1.3 Signs of esophagitis
  • 1.4 Diseases associated with esophagitis
    • 1.4.1 Reflux esophagitis
    • 1.4.2 Hypereosinophilic esophagitis
    • 1.4.3 Bacterial esophagitis
  • 1.5 Diagnosis of esophagitis
    • 1. 5.1 History and physical examination
    • 1.5.2 Laboratory and instrumental examinations
    • 1.5.3 Diagnosis of reflux
    • 1.5.4 Diagnosis of esophagitis in children
  • 1.6 Treatment of esophagitis
    • 1.6.1 Medical treatment
    • 1.6.2 Diet for esophagitis
    • 1.6.3 Surgery
  • 1.7 Groups of medicines for the treatment of esophagitis
    • 1.7.1 Prokinetics
    • 1.7. 2 Antisecretory drugs
    • 1.7.3 Antiacids
    • 1.7.4 Antibiotics
    • 1.7.5 Corticosteroids
  • 1.8 Antibiotics and antifungals for esophagitis
  • 1.9 Procedures to help treat esophagitis
    • 1.9.1 Esophagogastroscopy
    • 1.9.2 Medications
    • 1.9.3 Avoidance of certain foods
    • 1.9.4 Surgery 90 150
  • 1.10 How to prevent esophagitis
    • 1.10.1 Manage your diet
    • 1.10.2 Watch your weight
    • 1.10.3 Don’t smoke
    • 1.10.4 Avoid stress
  • 1. 11 Related videos:

Find out what esophagitis is, its causes and symptoms. Find out how to properly treat this pathology and what methods are most effective. Useful information for everyone suffering from this disease.

Esophagitis is a disorder that occurs when dental debris and stomach acid back up into the esophagus, causing inflammation in the lining of the esophagus. This can be very painful and unpleasant, limiting the quality of life and causing some serious problems.

There are many causes that can lead to esophagitis, but the most common cause is difficulty swallowing. This may be due to stenosis of the esophagus, reflux (backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus), or a foreign body in the throat.

Symptoms of esophagitis may include pain when swallowing, numbness or interruption in the esophagus, nausea, vomiting, and a sour taste in the mouth. If you notice these symptoms, contact your doctor to recommend treatment. Treatment options will depend on the cause of the disease, and may include medication, surgery, or dietary changes.

Esophagitis: what it is and how it manifests

Esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of the esophagus that can be caused by a number of causes. It is characterized by irritation, swelling, and sometimes ulcers in the wall of the esophagus, which can lead to difficulty swallowing, chest pain, heartburn, and other uncomfortable symptoms.

Symptoms of esophagitis may include chest pain, difficulty swallowing, sensation of a lump in the throat, heartburn, cough, and nausea. They may be temporary or permanent and may worsen with eating or lying down.

The diagnosis of esophagitis is usually made after gastroenteroscopy, where an internal examination of the esophagus is performed using a thin tube with a camera, or fluoroscopy, in which the patient is given a drink of an x-ray contrast agent to study the walls of the esophagus.

Causes of esophagitis

Esophagitis occurs as a result of an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the esophagus. The main causes of this disease can be heartburn, prolonged alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, stomach acids penetrating into the esophagus and other factors.

It is important to note that the specific cause of esophagitis may vary depending on the individual situation. For example, in a person suffering from gastric reflux, the risk of esophagitis will be much higher because the acid is constantly in contact with the lining of the esophagus.

• Causes of esophagitis
  1. Heartburn;
  2. Long-term alcohol use;
  3. Smoking;
  4. Obesity;
  5. Gastrointestinal disorders;
  6. Ingestion of acids from the stomach into the esophagus;

Very often, esophagitis can be caused by improper diet, which includes fast food, sour and spicy foods, and overeating.

The general rule is that reducing the amount of acid content in food and in the stomach in general can minimize the likelihood of developing esophagitis.

Signs of esophagitis

Esophagitis is an inflammatory process in the lining of the esophagus. It occurs due to the contact of stomach acid with the esophagus. Signs of esophagitis can be different and depend on the form of the disease. However, there are characteristic signs that indicate the presence of the disease.

• Burning sensation and discomfort in the chest . This is one of the most common signs of esophagitis. The burning sensation may be so severe that the patient confuses it with pain in the heart.
• Pain when swallowing . They can be of varying intensity and may indicate that the esophagus is mutilated.
• Heaviness in the stomach . Often, food that has not yet gone into the intestines stops during its movement through the esophagus, causing a feeling of rough heaviness.
• Effect of vomiting or nausea . Esophagitis may imply a disorder of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux), which causes nausea as well as heartburn through the throat.
• Voice problems . Sometimes the disease can affect the functioning of the vocal cords. Patients may experience problems with pronunciation of words or a change in tone of voice.

If you notice signs of esophagitis, contact your doctor who will determine the diagnosis, determine the cause and prescribe a comprehensive treatment, including diet and drug therapy.

Diseases associated with esophagitis

Reflux esophagitis

Reflux esophagitis is caused by the reverse movement of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus, which leads to inflammation of its walls. The cause of the disease may be non-compliance with the diet, medication, certain types of sports (gymnastics, athletics).

Symptoms: burning sensation and pain, which are aggravated by bending over, coughing, sneezing, head turning.

Treatment: prescribing drugs that limit the acidity in the gastric juice, antibiotics, diet.

Hypereosinophilic esophagitis

Hypereosinophilic esophagitis is caused by an allergic reaction to foods, drugs, and certain infections.

Symptoms: pressure sensation, pain, difficulty swallowing, heartburn, vomiting and nausea.

Treatment: diet, drugs that reduce the number of eosinophilic granulocytes in the blood.

Bacterial esophagitis

Bacterial esophagitis is caused by the action of bacteria on the mucous membrane. This can happen with a decrease in immunity, long-term use of hormonal drugs, and certain diseases.

Symptoms: pain when swallowing, belching, heartburn, fever.

Treatment: prescription of antibiotics, abundant drinking regimen, nutrition.

Main types of esophagitisType of esophagitisSymptomsTreatment

Reflux esophagitis	Burning sensation and pain that worsen when bending over, coughing, sneezing, turning head.	Prescription of drugs that limit acidity in gastric juice, antibiotics, diet.
Hypereosinophilic esophagitis	Pressure, pain, difficulty swallowing, heartburn, vomiting and nausea.	Dieting, taking drugs that reduce the number of eosinophilic granulocytes in the blood.
Bacterial esophagitis	Pain when swallowing, belching, heartburn, fever.	Prescription of antibiotics, abundant drinking regimen, nutrition.

Esophagitis diagnosis

History and physical examination

For the diagnosis of esophagitis, it is important to take anamnesis, knowing the patient’s symptoms, dietary habits and the presence of other diseases. Physical examination may reveal symptoms such as chest tenderness, dysphagia, and vomiting.

Laboratory and instrumental tests

Laboratory and instrumental tests may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis of esophagitis. Blood and urine can be analyzed to determine the level of inflammation in the body.

Other imaging techniques that may be used for diagnosis include gastroscopy, which allows you to see the inside of the esophagus and assess the extent of inflammation and damage. In some cases, an x-ray or MRI may be ordered.

Reflux Diagnosis

Esophagitis can be caused by reflux, when acidic fluid from the stomach rises up into the esophagus. To diagnose reflux, an esophageal pH meter, which measures acidity in the esophagus, or esophageal manometry, which assesses the force of contraction of the esophageal muscles, may be prescribed.

Diagnosis of esophagitis in children

Diagnosis of esophagitis in children may include a medical examination, the collection of a child’s history, laboratory and instrumental studies, including radiography or gastroscopy. Infants and young children may show symptoms such as refusal to eat, vomiting, stuttering, and poor weight gain.

Treatment of esophagitis

Drug treatment

The main treatment for esophagitis is medication. To reduce the acidity of the contents of the stomach, drugs that have an antisecretory effect are used. Anti-inflammatory drugs help relieve inflammation and eliminate pain. Drugs that improve the motor function of the esophagus and stomach are also used, which reduces the risk of recurrence of esophagitis.

Individually selected doses and duration of treatment. At the end of the course of drug therapy, a control esophagogastroduodenoscopy is performed to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.

Diet for esophagitis

A proper diet is especially important for esophagitis. It is recommended to eat small meals 5-6 times a day. Avoid spicy, fatty, salty, sour and fried foods. It is not recommended to consume alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee and chocolate. The diet should be rich in vitamins A, C, E, natural antioxidants and plant fibers. The drinking regimen is important: it is necessary to consume a sufficient amount of liquid, preferably still water.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment of esophagitis is used for misposition of the cardia, which leads to permanent reflux esophagitis. The most common technique is laparoscopic fundoplication, in which the upper part of the stomach is sutured to the lower part of the esophagus. This method helps eliminate acid reflux into the esophagus and eases the course of esophagitis.

Groups of medicines for the treatment of esophagitis

Prokinetics

Prokinetics improve esophageal motility and accelerate the movement of stomach contents, which helps to reduce acid reflux into the esophagus and prevents mucosal damage. An example of a prokinetic is metoclopramide.

Antisecretory drugs

Antisecretory drugs such as proton pump, blockers and histamine antagonists reduce the amount of acid secreted by the stomach, thereby reducing its reflux into the esophagus. These drugs can be used in combination with antiacids. Some of these include omeprazole or ranitidine.

Antiacids

Antiacids reduce stomach acid, which can help manage symptoms of esophagitis such as heartburn. They may be used along with other drugs such as antisecretory agents. Examples of antiacid drugs are algelate or mylan.

Antibiotics

If esophagitis is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be used. They will help destroy bacteria and prevent re-infection. Examples of antibiotics for treating infectious esophagitis are ampicillin or metronidazole.

Corticosteroids

In some cases, for certain types of esophagitis, such as eosinophilic esophagitis, corticosteroids may be used. They can help reduce inflammation in the esophagus and reduce symptoms. These drugs are betamethasone or pednisolone.

Antibiotics and antifungals for esophagitis

Antibiotics and antifungals may be used to treat esophagitis if it is caused by an infectious agent. For example, Candida infection may be one of the causes of esophagitis.

In some cases of esophagitis, antibiotics and antifungals may be given prophylactically to prevent infections if they are risk factors.

However, the use of antibiotics and antifungals should only be prescribed by a doctor, as the wrong choice of drug or dosage can lead to negative consequences and aggravate the disease.

Procedures to help treat esophagitis

Esophagogastroscopy

This test assesses the degree of damage to the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. During the procedure, the doctor uses an endoscope, a flexible tube with a camera at the end, to view the inner walls of organs. If a patient is diagnosed with esophagitis, the doctor may take tissue samples for further analysis.

Medications

To treat esophagitis, your doctor may prescribe drugs that reduce stomach acid, such as proton pump inhibitors. In addition, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic medicines are used to reduce inflammation and related symptoms.

Avoid certain foods

Certain foods can aggravate esophagitis symptoms and should therefore be avoided. These foods include: spicy, fatty, sour, alcohol, coffee and chocolate. It is also recommended not to eat before bed and not to go to bed immediately after eating.

Surgery

In some cases, if esophagitis is very severe or does not improve with medication and dietary changes, surgery may be required. Doctors may perform surgery to improve the function of the lower esophageal sphincter, which usually helps prevent acid from refluxing into the esophagus.

How to prevent esophagitis

Esophagitis is a serious condition that needs to be treated. However, it is even better to prevent its occurrence by following a few recommendations.

Manage your diet

Avoid excessive consumption of sugary drinks, fatty and fried foods, spices and alcohol. Replace them with fresh vegetables, fruits, protein foods and still water.

Watch your weight

Being overweight puts a strain on your digestive tract, including your esophagus. Follow a diet and exercise to reduce your weight to a healthy level.

Do not smoke

Smoking damages the lining of the esophagus, which can cause esophagitis. Therefore, it is better to stop smoking.

Avoid stress

Stress can lead to digestive problems, including esophagitis. Therefore, consider this factor in your life and avoid unnecessary stress.

• Lifestyle changes may help prevent esophagitis.
• Follow the diet to minimize risks and benefit the health of your esophagus.