An Overview of Dental Abscesses

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

Medically Reviewed by Robert Brennan on April 02, 2023

• What Is a Tooth Abscess?
• Tooth Abscess Symptoms
• Tooth Abscess Causes
• Tooth Abscess Diagnosis
• Tooth Abscess Treatment
• Prevention of a Tooth Abscess
• Outlook for Tooth Abscesses
• More

A tooth abscess, or dental abscess, is an infection of the mouth, face, jaw, or throat that begins as a gum infection, tooth infection, or cavity. These infections are common in people with poor dental health and result from lack of proper and timely dental care.

Different kinds of tooth abscesses include:

• Periapical: This is the most common type. It happens when bacteria infect the pulp inside one of your teeth.
• Periodontal: This is when bacteria infect your gums.
• Gingival: This type is usually caused by something that gets stuck in your gums, like a food particle or a broken tooth.

Symptoms of a tooth abscess typically include:

• Pain
• Swelling
• Redness of your mouth and face
• A bad taste in your mouth
• Sensitivity to hot or cold foods or liquids

Symptoms of advanced infection may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Chills
• Diarrhea

Other signs of an abscess might include, but are not limited to:

• Cavities
• Gum inflammation
• Oral swelling
• Tenderness with touch
• Pus drainage
• A hard time fully opening your mouth or swallowing
• General discomfort
• Swollen glands in your neck or upper or lower jaw (a very serious sign)

When to seek medical care for a tooth abscess

If you think you have an abscess, call your dentist. If you cannot reach a dentist, go to a hospital’s emergency department for evaluation, especially if you feel sick.

• If an infection becomes so painful that it can’t be managed by nonprescription medicines, see your doctor or dentist for drainage.
• If you get a fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea as a result of a tooth abscess, see your doctor.
• If you have pain you can’t stand, or a hard time breathing or swallowing, seek medical care right away in the emergency room.

The cause of tooth abscesses is direct growth of bacteria from a cavity into the soft tissues and bones of the face and neck.

• Bacteria from a cavity can extend into the gums, the cheek, the throat, beneath the tongue, or even into the jaw or facial bones. A tooth abscess can become very painful when tissues become inflamed.
• Pus collects at the site of the infection and will become more painful until it either ruptures and drains on its own or is drained surgically.
• Sometimes the infection can get to the point where swelling threatens to block the airway, making it hard to breathe. Dental abscesses can also make you generally ill, with nausea, vomiting, fevers, chills, and sweats.

An abscess can form when an infected tooth doesn’t get the right dental care. Poor oral hygiene (such as not brushing, flossing, or rinsing properly or often enough), smoking, alcohol, a poor diet, and certain medical conditions and medications can make it more likely that cavities will form in your teeth. The infection can spread to your gums and nearby areas and become a painful tooth abscess.

A doctor or dentist often can use a physical exam to tell if you have a drainable abscess. X-rays of the teeth may be necessary to show small abscesses that are at the deepest part of the tooth.

Home treatment

Many people who have cavities or toothaches can take NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, or pain medicine such as acetaminophen as needed to relieve pain. Check with your doctor first if you have any medical problems or if you take any other medicines.

If an abscess ruptures by itself, warm water rinses will help cleanse the mouth and encourage drainage.

Medical treatment

The doctor may decide to cut open the abscess and allow the pus to drain. It can also be drained through the infected tooth at the start of a root canal procedure. Unless the abscess ruptures on its own, these are usually the only ways that the infection can be cured.

People with dental abscesses are typically prescribed pain relievers and, at the discretion of the doctor, antibiotics to fight the infection. An abscess that has extended to the floor of the mouth or to the neck may need to be drained in the operating room under anesthesia.

Follow-up care

With a dental abscess, as with every other illness, follow your doctor’s instructions for follow-up care. Proper treatment often means reassessment, multiple visits, or referral to a specialist. Cooperate with your doctors by following instructions carefully to ensure the best possible health for you and your family.

Prevention plays a major role in maintaining good dental health. Daily brushing and flossing, and regular dental checkups can help prevent tooth decay and tooth abscesses.

• Remember to brush, floss, and rinse as directed by your dentist.
• If tooth decay is found early and treated promptly, cavities that could lead to abscesses can usually be corrected.
• Avoid cigarette smoking, and don’t drink too much alcohol.

The recovery is good from a small dental abscess, once it has ruptured or been drained. If the symptoms are improving, it’s unlikely the infection is getting worse. You’ll need follow-up care with your dentist to reassess your infection and to take care of the problem tooth. For example, you may need to have the tooth pulled or have a root canal performed on it.

If it’s not treated, a tooth abscess can spread to the floor of the mouth or to the neck and threaten your airway and ability to breathe. This may be life-threatening unless it’s properly drained.

An untreated infection also can spread to your jaw or other parts of your head or neck. In some cases, it can lead to sepsis, which is a serious infection that spreads through your body.

Top Picks

An Overview of Dental Abscesses

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

Medically Reviewed by Robert Brennan on April 02, 2023

• What Is a Tooth Abscess?
• Tooth Abscess Symptoms
• Tooth Abscess Causes
• Tooth Abscess Diagnosis
• Tooth Abscess Treatment
• Prevention of a Tooth Abscess
• Outlook for Tooth Abscesses
• More

A tooth abscess, or dental abscess, is an infection of the mouth, face, jaw, or throat that begins as a gum infection, tooth infection, or cavity. These infections are common in people with poor dental health and result from lack of proper and timely dental care.

Different kinds of tooth abscesses include:

• Periapical: This is the most common type. It happens when bacteria infect the pulp inside one of your teeth.
• Periodontal: This is when bacteria infect your gums.
• Gingival: This type is usually caused by something that gets stuck in your gums, like a food particle or a broken tooth.

Symptoms of a tooth abscess typically include:

• Pain
• Swelling
• Redness of your mouth and face
• A bad taste in your mouth
• Sensitivity to hot or cold foods or liquids

Symptoms of advanced infection may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Chills
• Diarrhea

Other signs of an abscess might include, but are not limited to:

• Cavities
• Gum inflammation
• Oral swelling
• Tenderness with touch
• Pus drainage
• A hard time fully opening your mouth or swallowing
• General discomfort
• Swollen glands in your neck or upper or lower jaw (a very serious sign)

When to seek medical care for a tooth abscess

If you think you have an abscess, call your dentist. If you cannot reach a dentist, go to a hospital’s emergency department for evaluation, especially if you feel sick.

• If an infection becomes so painful that it can’t be managed by nonprescription medicines, see your doctor or dentist for drainage.
• If you get a fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea as a result of a tooth abscess, see your doctor.
• If you have pain you can’t stand, or a hard time breathing or swallowing, seek medical care right away in the emergency room.

The cause of tooth abscesses is direct growth of bacteria from a cavity into the soft tissues and bones of the face and neck.

• Bacteria from a cavity can extend into the gums, the cheek, the throat, beneath the tongue, or even into the jaw or facial bones. A tooth abscess can become very painful when tissues become inflamed.
• Pus collects at the site of the infection and will become more painful until it either ruptures and drains on its own or is drained surgically.
• Sometimes the infection can get to the point where swelling threatens to block the airway, making it hard to breathe. Dental abscesses can also make you generally ill, with nausea, vomiting, fevers, chills, and sweats.

An abscess can form when an infected tooth doesn’t get the right dental care. Poor oral hygiene (such as not brushing, flossing, or rinsing properly or often enough), smoking, alcohol, a poor diet, and certain medical conditions and medications can make it more likely that cavities will form in your teeth. The infection can spread to your gums and nearby areas and become a painful tooth abscess.

A doctor or dentist often can use a physical exam to tell if you have a drainable abscess. X-rays of the teeth may be necessary to show small abscesses that are at the deepest part of the tooth.

Home treatment

Many people who have cavities or toothaches can take NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, or pain medicine such as acetaminophen as needed to relieve pain. Check with your doctor first if you have any medical problems or if you take any other medicines.

If an abscess ruptures by itself, warm water rinses will help cleanse the mouth and encourage drainage.

Medical treatment

The doctor may decide to cut open the abscess and allow the pus to drain. It can also be drained through the infected tooth at the start of a root canal procedure. Unless the abscess ruptures on its own, these are usually the only ways that the infection can be cured.

People with dental abscesses are typically prescribed pain relievers and, at the discretion of the doctor, antibiotics to fight the infection. An abscess that has extended to the floor of the mouth or to the neck may need to be drained in the operating room under anesthesia.

Follow-up care

With a dental abscess, as with every other illness, follow your doctor’s instructions for follow-up care. Proper treatment often means reassessment, multiple visits, or referral to a specialist. Cooperate with your doctors by following instructions carefully to ensure the best possible health for you and your family.

Prevention plays a major role in maintaining good dental health. Daily brushing and flossing, and regular dental checkups can help prevent tooth decay and tooth abscesses.

• Remember to brush, floss, and rinse as directed by your dentist.
• If tooth decay is found early and treated promptly, cavities that could lead to abscesses can usually be corrected.
• Avoid cigarette smoking, and don’t drink too much alcohol.

The recovery is good from a small dental abscess, once it has ruptured or been drained. If the symptoms are improving, it’s unlikely the infection is getting worse. You’ll need follow-up care with your dentist to reassess your infection and to take care of the problem tooth. For example, you may need to have the tooth pulled or have a root canal performed on it.

If it’s not treated, a tooth abscess can spread to the floor of the mouth or to the neck and threaten your airway and ability to breathe. This may be life-threatening unless it’s properly drained.

An untreated infection also can spread to your jaw or other parts of your head or neck. In some cases, it can lead to sepsis, which is a serious infection that spreads through your body.

Top Picks

Perimaxillary abscess and phlegmon: diagnosis and treatment

Contents

• 1 Perimaxillary abscess and phlegmon: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
  • 1.1 Perimaxillary abscess: what is it?
  • 1. 2 Perimaxillary abscess and phlegmon: diagnosis and treatment
    • 1.2.1 Definition and symptoms
  • and how does it occur?
• 1.4 The problem of perimaxillary abscesses and phlegmon
  • 1.4.1 Causes
• 1.5 Perimaxillary abscess and phlegmon: diagnosis and treatment
  • 1.5.1 Main symptoms 13
  • 1.6 Diagnosis of OKA and phlegmon
    • 1.6.1 Clinical manifestations
    • 1.6.2 Diagnosis
  • 1.7 Methods for diagnosing the study of perimaxillary abscess and phlegmon
    • 1.7.1 Clinical examination
    • 1.7.2 Laboratory studies
    • 1.7.3 Instrumental methods
    • 1.7.4 Presence of complications
  • 1.8 Which specialists are involved in the diagnosis of maxillary abscess and phlegmon?
    • 1.8.1 Dentist
    • 1.8.2 Surgeon
    • 1.8.3 Therapist
    • 1.8.4 Radiologist
  • 1.9 OA and cellulitis treatment 9 0004
  • 1. 9.1 Antibiotic therapy
  • 1.9.2 Surgery
  • 1.9. 3 Symptomatic treatment
• 1.10 Medical treatment of maxillary abscess and phlegmon
  • 1.10.1 Antibiotics
  • 1.10.2 Anti-inflammatory drugs
  • 1.10.3 Analgesics
  • 1.10.4 Additional drugs 900 08
• 1.11 Surgical intervention
• 1.12 Traditional methods of treatment of maxillary abscess and phlegmon
  • 1.12.1 Honey and lemon
  • 1.12.2 Garlic and onion
  • 1.12.3 Fresh cabbage
  • 1.12.4 Calendula infusion
• 1.13 Prevention of ACA and phlegmon
  • 1.13.1 Strengthening immunity
  • 1.13.2 Proper oral hygiene
  • 1.13.3 Timely visit to the doctor

  90 005 1.13.4 Prevention of postoperative complications

• 1.14 Related videos :
• 1.15 Q&A:
  • • 1.15.0.1 What is a maxillary abscess and phlegmon?
    • 1.15.0.2 What are the symptoms associated with maxillary abscess and phlegmon?
    • 1. 15.0.3 How is a maxillary abscess and phlegmon diagnosed?
    • 1.15.0.4 What methods of treatment can be used to treat a maxillary abscess and phlegmon?
    • 1.15.0.5 Is it possible to avoid maxillary abscess and phlegmon?
    • 1.15.0.6 What are the complications of maxillary abscess and phlegmon?

Find out what a maxillary abscess and phlegmon are, what are the symptoms and how the diagnosis is made. Learn about the treatment of these diseases from your dentist and other specialists.

Periomandibular abscess and phlegmon are serious diseases that can be dangerous to health. They are one of the most common problems in the field of dental medicine and require prompt intervention by specialists.

A perimaxillary abscess is a limited pathological cavity formed in the soft tissues located near the tooth or tooth root. Phlegmon is a common inflammatory process that can affect the soft tissues of the head and neck.

Early detection and treatment of these diseases is necessary to prevent serious consequences, such as the spread of infection to deeper layers of soft tissues, the risk of developing sepsis and brain abscesses.

In this article, we look at the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of perimaxillary abscess and cellulitis to help patients turn these difficulties into a successful treatment story.

Periomandibular abscess: what is it?

A maxillary abscess is a serious condition that occurs in the region of the jaw and causes a buildup of purulent fluid as a result of infection.

A maxillary abscess can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly. In some cases, surgery may be required to drain the abscess and remove the infection.

If you have symptoms of a maxillary abscess, such as swelling, pain, or redness in the jaw area, seek medical attention as soon as possible to avoid serious complications and further infection.

Periomandibular abscess and phlegmon: diagnosis and treatment

Definition and symptoms

Periomandibular abscess and phlegmon are diseases caused by infection in the parotid-masticatory tissues of the head and neck. They can occur as a result of incorrect dental treatment, trauma, inflammation or other causes.

Symptoms of a maxillary abscess and phlegmon may include:

• painful swelling in the lower face or neck;
• redness of the skin;
• high body temperature;
• weakness and loss of appetite;
• soreness when opening the mouth;
• tinnitus, intermittent ringing in the ear or hearing impairment;
• headache and general discomfort.

It is important to see a dentist if you have symptoms of a maxillary abscess and phlegmon. Diagnosis of such diseases is carried out through visual examination, radiography, CT scan and other methods.

Periomandibular abscess and phlegmon: diagnosis and treatment

Phlegmon: what is it and how does it occur?

Phlegmon is a common type of abscess resulting from advanced infectious processes in tissues. Cellulitis is usually caused by bacteria that enter the body through wounds, cracks, damaged mucous membranes, or the oral cavity.

In the early stages, phlegmon may be asymptomatic or present with mild discomfort or tenderness at the site of infection. However, if no action is taken, the infection begins to spread, causing fever, swelling, redness, and soreness. If the phlegmon is located in the larval-mandibular region, then this is called a maxillary abscess.

1. Phlegmon symptoms may include:
2. Fever;
3. Swelling and redness in the area of ​​infection;
4. Pain and discomfort;
5. General malaise or weakness.

If you start noticing these symptoms, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. Treatment should begin as soon as possible to prevent the spread of infection and reduce the chance of complications.

Problem of maxillary abscesses and phlegmons

Causes

A maxillary abscess or phlegmon is a dangerous complication of dental disease that can lead to sepsis and other serious consequences. Basically, the occurrence of perimaxillary abscesses and phlegmon is associated with a bacterial infection that penetrates into the deep layers of the tissues of the face and neck. Most often this occurs through the affected tooth, which may be damaged by caries, traumatized or have pulpitis.

Also, the risk of perimaxillary abscesses and phlegmon increases in case of poor oral hygiene, reduced immunity, as well as the use of chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the face or neck. In addition, improperly performed dental procedures, such as an unsuccessful tooth extraction or an incorrectly placed crown, can also cause the development of this disease.

• Possible causes of maxillary abscesses and phlegmon:
• bacterial infection;
• dental caries or pulpitis;
• trauma to the tooth or face;
• violation of oral hygiene;
• immunosuppression;
• treatment of cancer of the face or neck;
• incorrectly performed dental procedures.

Periomandibular abscess and phlegmon: diagnosis and treatment

Main symptoms

Pain in the jaw area. At the initial stage of the disease, the pain may be mild and local, but as the abscess develops, its intensity increases.

Tissue edema. When perimaxillary phlegmon can swell not only soft tissues, but also the eyeballs. Edema is the result of an infection that has penetrated the tissues.

Poor appetite. Pain and swelling in the jaw area can cause discomfort when trying to chew food. In addition, an abscess may be accompanied by vomiting and nausea, further reducing appetite.

High body temperature. The initiation of a cellulitis or abscess causes local inflammation that quickly spreads throughout the body. As a result, the body temperature rises.

Diagnosis of OKA and phlegmon

Clinical manifestations

OKA and phlegmon are acute infectious diseases, often caused by inflammation of the teeth and gums. They are manifested by various symptoms:

• swelling of the face and neck;
• soreness when chewing;
• high temperature;
• severe pain in the dental region, which may spread to the head and neck;
• the presence of a purulent capsule on the gum;
• weakness and dizziness.

Seek medical attention if these signs appear.

Diagnosis

Upon admission to a medical institution, the doctor conducts a visual examination, presses the zones of pain, and prescribes examinations:

• computed, magnetic resonance imaging;
• ultrasound;
• x-ray examination;
• general clinical blood and urine tests;
• bacteriological tests of blood and purulent mass.

Based on these tests, the specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and determine a treatment plan.

Methods for diagnosing examination of the maxillary abscess and phlegmon

Clinical examination

The physician may identify a maxillary abscess or phlegmon during a general clinical examination of the patient. The main symptoms include soreness and swelling of local tissues, fever, dysfunction of chewing and swallowing. There may also be signs of intoxication: weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting.

Laboratory tests

Laboratory tests of blood and urine are carried out to confirm the diagnosis of maxillary abscess and phlegmon. A blood test shows the presence of an inflammatory process. The level of leukocytes is higher than normal, the ESR is accelerated and the protein content in the blood increases. Urinalysis reveals the presence of an infectious process in the body.

Instrumental methods

Instrumental methods such as radiography, CT scan and ultrasound are used to determine the size and shape of the abscess, its location and degree of development. These methods allow you to choose the optimal treatment tactics and control its effectiveness.

Presence of complications

In case of complications in neurological diseases and caries, related specialists are consulted. It can be a pediatric orthopedist, surgeon, neurologists, etc.

Which specialists diagnose maxillary abscess and phlegmon?

Dentist

A dentist is a doctor who treats teeth and the oral cavity. He conducts primary diagnostics of maxillary abscesses and phlegmon. The dentist determines the cause of the disease and prescribes treatment.

Surgeon

A surgeon is a doctor who specializes in operations. In case of complications and ineffectiveness of conservative treatment, the patient needs surgical care. The surgeon may drain the abscess or remove the tooth that caused the disease.

Therapist

Therapist is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases of the internal organs. He may conduct additional studies to identify the presence of possible complications associated with the maxillary abscess and phlegmon.

Radiologist

A radiologist is a doctor who diagnoses diseases using various types of examinations. For the diagnosis of perimaxillary abscesses and phlegmon, X-ray research methods are one of the main ones. The radiologist conducts a detailed analysis of the results obtained and makes a conclusion about whether the patient needs surgery.

Treatment of OKA and cellulitis

Antibiotic therapy

Treatment of OKA and cellulitis begins with antibiotics, which kill the bacteria that cause the infection. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bacteria identified during the diagnosis. The course of antibiotics is usually 7-10 days, however, the duration of treatment can be extended depending on the severity of the disease and the dynamics of its development. It is important to take antibiotics strictly in accordance with the doctor’s recommendations and not interrupt the course until it is completed.

Surgery

If antibiotics fail or the disease is advanced, surgery may be required. The operation is performed to remove purulent contents and restore the outflow of lymph and blood in the affected area. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove the tooth that is causing the abscess.

Symptomatic treatment

In addition, symptomatic treatment is provided to reduce pain and swelling. Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. Pain-relieving drops or absorbable tablets are also prescribed to relieve pain in the internal cavity of the mouth. The general approach to the treatment of OKA and phlegmon is aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease and relieving the symptoms associated with the infection.

Drug treatment of maxillary abscess and phlegmon

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are one of the main methods of treatment of maxillary abscess and phlegmon. They are aimed at fighting the infection that caused the disease. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of pathogenic microflora and its sensitivity to the drug. Antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, macrolides, and others are commonly used.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce inflammation, which reduces soreness and swelling. Usually these are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketorolac and others. They can be used in the form of tablets, injections and ointments.

Analgesics

Analgesics help relieve pain and discomfort associated with maxillary abscess or phlegmon. Commonly used drugs are paracetamol and ibuprofen. In more severe cases, a narcotic analgesic, such as morphine, may be prescribed.

Complementary remedies

Complementary medications that can be used for a maxillary abscess or cellulitis include enzyme preparations that help improve the flow of pus and probiotics that can help restore the microflora after taking antibiotics. Special preparations can also be used to improve the general condition of the body, for example, vitamins and minerals.

In the treatment of perimaxillary abscess and phlegmon, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations and take the drugs at the indicated times and dosages in order to achieve the best result and avoid complications.

Surgery

If conservative treatment fails, surgery is necessary. It may be necessary for the development of complications such as phlegmon or gangrene. The purpose of the operation is to remove the purulent focus and restore drainage.

The operation is performed under sterile conditions. The surgeon, using special tools, opens the focus of inflammation and removes pus and all necrotic masses. Next, the wound is thoroughly washed, drained and treated with antiseptics.

After the operation, the patient is prescribed anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs to prevent recurrence. In addition, it is important to monitor the condition of the wound and drainage, and regularly treat this particular area of ​​the body.

Traditional treatments for maxillary abscess and phlegmon

Honey and lemon

Honey and lemon is an old recipe for strengthening the immune system and fighting infections. They can also help in the treatment of maxillary abscess and phlegmon. To do this, squeeze the juice of two lemons and mix it with a spoonful of honey. The resulting mixture should be taken one tablespoon two to three times a day.

Garlic and onion

Garlic and onion is another popular recipe that can help in the treatment of maxillary abscess and phlegmon. Garlic and onions have powerful antibacterial properties. To prepare the infusion, chop one onion and two or three cloves of garlic and pour 100 milliliters of boiling water. Leave to infuse for 15 minutes, then strain and take half a glass three times a day.

Fresh cabbage

Fresh cabbage can be used to treat maxillary phlegmon. To do this, finely chop fresh cabbage and apply on a sore spot. Keep until completely cool. This will help reduce inflammation and reduce pain.

Calendula tincture

Calendula tincture is another folk recipe that can help in the treatment of maxillary phlegmon. To prepare the infusion, you need to pour a tablespoon of dried calendula flowers with 200 milliliters of boiling water and leave the drink for 30 minutes. Then strain and use as a mouthwash several times a day.

• Traditional therapies can help in combination with medications.
• It is important to consult your doctor before using traditional methods.
• Do not replace medical treatment with traditional methods without consulting a specialist.

Prevention of OKA and phlegmon

Immunity strengthening

The main factor that can prevent the occurrence of OKA and phlegmon is the strengthening of immunity. To do this, you need to eat right, consume enough vitamins and minerals, lead a healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits. It is also recommended to take immunomodulators and vitamin complexes.

Proper oral hygiene

Daily oral hygiene can prevent plaque and cavities, which are one of the causes of ACA and cellulitis. Regular brushing and flossing can help remove bacteria that can cause gum disease. It is also important to visit the dentist every six months for routine checkups.

Prompt medical attention

Prompt medical attention at the first symptoms of AAA and phlegmon plays a key role in their prevention. Typically, symptoms include swelling and pain in the jaw area, fever, and difficulty opening the mouth. In the event of these symptoms, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible in order to prevent the development of the disease and possible complications.

Prevention of postoperative complications

After dental surgery, it is recommended to take preventive measures to avoid the occurrence of ACA and phlegmon. It is necessary to regularly rinse the oral cavity with an antiseptic solution and adhere to the rules of hygiene. It is also important to follow all the doctor’s recommendations regarding medication and wound care. The lack of proper prevention of postoperative complications can lead to the development of ACA and phlegmon.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What is a maxillary abscess and phlegmon?

Periomandibular abscess and phlegmon are inflammatory diseases that occur in the region of the lower jaw, chest and neck. They can be caused by various reasons such as tooth infection, jaw fracture, improperly performed surgery, etc. As a result, a cavity with purulent contents is formed, which can put pressure on blood vessels, nerves and other organs, causing serious complications.

What are the symptoms associated with maxillary abscess and phlegmon?

Symptoms of a maxillary abscess and phlegmon include swelling, pain, redness, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, difficulty breathing, speech, swallowing, and even impaired consciousness may occur.

How is a maxillary abscess and phlegmon diagnosed?

Various methods are used to diagnose perimaxillary abscess and phlegmon, such as radiography, computed tomography, ultrasound and drainage puncture. The combination of these methods allows you to get an accurate picture of the disease and determine its characteristics in order to choose the optimal treatment tactics.

What methods of treatment can be used to treat maxillary abscess and phlegmon?

Treatment of maxillary abscess and phlegmon can be varied and depends on the severity of the disease and its causes. Usually they resort to the use of antibiotics, surgical drainage of cavities, physiotherapy, local thermal radiation and other methods. But it is important to understand that treatment should only be prescribed by a doctor and carried out under his supervision, since any wrong actions can lead to serious consequences.

Is it possible to avoid maxillary abscess and phlegmon?

Yes, in some cases it is possible to prevent the development of a maxillary abscess and phlegmon. To do this, you need to monitor your health, visit the dentist regularly, protect your teeth from injuries and infections, and treat other diseases in time. In any case, if symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a doctor to avoid serious consequences.

What are the complications of maxillary abscess and phlegmon?

As a result of maxillary abscess and phlegmon, various complications can occur, such as sepsis, damage to blood vessels, nerves and other organs, respiratory failure, brain abscess, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor if symptoms occur in order to avoid serious consequences.

Acute pain in the tooth what to do

Toothache (dentalgia) is an unpleasant phenomenon that almost every person has encountered. If the condition of the oral cavity is not given due attention for a long time, inflammation and destruction of the enamel occurs.

Dental problems can also be caused by other factors – injuries, chips, foreign bodies. Only a specialist can determine the cause of acute pain in the tooth, to whom you need to rush, feeling discomfort.

Causes of acute toothache

The following underlying causes of acute toothache are distinguished:

1. Caries. Exacerbation of dentalgia causes food to enter the inflamed area. Sensations are characterized as aching, undulating.
2. Periodontitis (inflammation of the gums) . It presents with throbbing pain. The patient observes the instability of the tooth, which is associated with the looseness of the tissue of the inflamed gums.
3. Enamel failure . The condition causes mechanical damage to the jaw (teeth), prolonged absence of caries treatment. From the moment the defect appears to the first pain, it can take several hours.
4. Pulpitis. Manifested by intense pain that does not respond to accepted analgesics. The wave-like nature of the unpleasant sensation is explained by the transition of caries to the pulp, which is supplied with a large number of nerve fibers. Soreness covers the ear, adjacent teeth, extends to the temple.
5. Periodontitis. Pathology is caused by mechanical damage to the tooth, characterized by inflammation of the periosteal ligaments. These structures hold the tooth inside the socket. It presents with sudden, sharp pain. Against the background of infection, a cystic neoplasm or granuloma is formed inside the periosteum.

Each of these conditions needs to be treated. If the patient does not want to see a doctor, the risk of complications increases. These include: osteomyelitis (destruction of bone tissue), abscess, phlegmon (pathologies mean massive suppuration of the gums, tooth socket).

Non-dental causes

The task of the doctor when referring a patient with pain is to establish that it was dental problems that caused the deterioration in health. For this purpose, the specialist conducts differential diagnostics. The doctor compares and then excludes other diseases that are manifested by symptoms similar to dentalgia.

The specialist will have to make sure that there are no pathologies of the neurological, cardiovascular system, ENT organs. These diseases include:

1. Neuralgia . The trigeminal nerve is present in the human body. The structure provides sensitivity to the face, oral cavity. With an inflammatory lesion of the trigeminal nerve, the patient is worried about intense pain. Clinical manifestations are complemented by irritability, swelling of the cheeks, and lacrimation. Standard analgesics are practically ineffective, and when they reduce discomfort, the result does not last long. Inflammation of the trigeminal nerve is treated by a neuropathologist. An experienced dentist is able to immediately establish that the disease does not belong to his profile.
2. Migraine . Headache is characterized by unilateral localization. The general well-being of the patient worsens from loud sounds, bright lights. The location of pain sensations can migrate – cover the temporal, parietal region. Exhausting discomfort extends to the orbit, the frontal part. When the condition is left untreated for a long time, standard analgesics do not have the expected effect. Then the intensity increases, and the patient mistakenly perceives the headache as a toothache.
3. Otitis. Inflammation of the auditory canal is more common in children, but also occurs among adults. Clinical manifestations of the disease are hearing loss, throbbing pain on one side of the head. Unpleasant sensation extends to the lower jaw.
4. Violation of the functional capacity of the heart (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction). Pain syndrome is predominant in this case. Unpleasant (burning, throbbing) sensation extends to the left shoulder blade, shoulder, lower jaw. If the heart rhythm is disturbed, the patient notes pain in the lower jaw. This becomes the basis for suspecting problems with the condition of the teeth. In the process of performing the diagnosis, the doctor focuses on the clinical picture, the results of the examination.
   To establish the cause of dentalgia, the person who applied for help will have to go through several diagnostic procedures.

Toothache with sinusitis

When a patient presents with acute toothache, the doctor should exclude sinusitis – inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. Discomfort in the jaw in both diseases is similar. In case of sinusitis, the patient is concerned about:

• The presence of copious mucous discharge from the nose.
• Wavy nature of pain, its localization in addition to the jaw – the forehead, with the transition to the area under the eyes.
• Increase in body temperature to high numbers.
• Tickling, irritation inside the throat, difficulty swallowing.
• Weakness, dizziness, apathy, dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite).

It is important that with sinusitis, the condition worsens against or after a cold. Treatment of the disease in question is carried out by an ENT doctor.

General Tips for Managing Pain

The following tips can help relieve toothache:

• Do not concentrate on feeling unwell, try to divert thoughts from it.
• Check that the disturbing part of the mouth is not clogged with food fragments. In addition to pressure on the inflamed area, pieces of food create a favorable environment for the vital activity of pathogenic microflora. It is advisable to use a toothpick.
• The horizontal position aggravates the condition due to increased blood flow to the jaw. For dental problems, it is better to minimize bed rest (with the exception of high body temperature).
• Limit food contact with the inflamed area of ​​the mouth. When chewing food, try to use the healthy side.
• It is equally important to abandon the idea of ​​using heat sources. High temperatures stop the discomfort for a short time. Heat can aggravate the inflammatory process if it is accompanied by the formation of a purulent focus.

How to relieve acute toothache

There is a wide range of tools and methods that can get rid of or minimize tooth pain. All of them are divided into main and auxiliary methods, they are related to official or traditional medicine.
Modern analgesics are aimed at eliminating the pain syndrome of various types, localization, and degrees of intensity. Insufficiently pronounced analgesic effect provides:

• Nurofen . Contains Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substance.
• Spazmalgon. The drug is made on the basis of Analgin. The drug is contraindicated for use in children under 6 years of age.
• Baralgin. Analgesic action produces Analgin. Dosed use is permissible even with dentalgia in children.
• Askofen . Relieves debilitating sensations due to the presence of powerful substances in the combination. They are represented by Paracetamol, Aspirin and Caffeine. Contraindicated in children under 15 years of age.
• Grippostad. The active substances of the drug are Paracetamol and vitamin C. Ascorbic acid prolongs the analgesic effect of the drug. The use of the drug requires a high level of care and caution.
• Actasulide. Effective drug for pain relief, but patient age under 12 is a limiting factor. Direct contraindications for use – the presence of a stomach ulcer, 12 duodenal ulcer, kidney failure, liver failure; dysfunction of the heart.
• Nise. Eliminates dental pain in 5-7 minutes. The effect lasts for 6-8 hours, but the root cause of the appearance of an unpleasant sensation is of decisive importance. Taking several pills at once is impractical and unsafe. To achieve the desired effect, it is enough to drink only 1 tablet of Nise with water.
• Ketorol. A powerful pain reliever, but you can take it no more than 1 time in 3 hours. Before a visit to the dentist, you should refrain from using Ketorol for at least 4-5 hours. Since the drug negatively affects the possibility and duration of anesthesia, it distorts the clinical manifestations.
• Tempalgin . Eliminates low-intensity dentalgia. The permissible frequency of use of the drug is 4 times a day, 1 tablet.
  Before using any of the listed drugs, it is important to read the accompanying instructions.

The use of the drug will not cause harm if the patient is not allergic to its active substances. In order to determine the sensitivity to the drug, you should initially take ¼ of the tablet and monitor your well-being.

If after half an hour there is no dizziness, nausea, skin itching, tearing, shortness of breath, you can take the rest of the tablet. Then the expected analgesic effect occurs, and the patient knows for sure that the drug is safe for him.

Additional recommendations for pain relief

Ketorol, Pentalgin, Ketanov, Nimesulide have a high analgesic effect. Despite the guaranteed provision of analgesic action, these drugs should not be taken by pregnant women and children. The active components of analgesics freely overcome the placental barrier – they can harm the fetus. As for childhood, a more careful, accurate calculation of the dosage of the drug is required. You won’t be able to install it yourself.

An injection of ultracaine eliminates dental pain for a period of 6 hours. But performing an injection on your own is contraindicated. At home, you can moisten a cotton swab with one of these solutions (you should first carefully open the ampoule). Then attach the prepared tampon to the gum. The first signs of effectiveness are a decrease in the sensitivity of oral tissues.

The use of antibacterial drugs is contraindicated. These medications suggest a schematic introduction, the appointment only taking into account the existing pathology.

Analgesics must be discontinued before the visit to the doctor (at least 3 hours). The active substances in painkillers reduce the sensitivity of the oral cavity. The patient cannot accurately explain to the doctor the location of the pain, its nature. This makes it difficult for a specialist to diagnose.

If the dentist confirms that the pain is caused by problems with the teeth, excludes the presence of other pathologies, anesthesia will be required. A patient who has been taking analgesics for a long time to make himself feel better, such an action reduces the possibility of performing it.

Folk ways to relieve toothache

To eliminate pain before a visit to the doctor and not make a mistake with the selection of an analgesic, it is advisable to use the methods of traditional medicine. The following remedies are known for their beneficial effect in inflammatory and destructive processes of teeth:

• Sea salt. The substance is enriched with trace elements, minerals, provides a bactericidal effect – destroys pathogens. It is both curative and preventive. Prevents the development of complications, prevents loss of teeth, strengthens the gums. Dissolve 1 tbsp. a spoonful of salt 250 ml of warm water, mix without allowing sediment, rinse until the dentalgia is eliminated.
• Baking soda. Known for its antiseptic properties – it relieves inflammation, thereby eliminating tooth pain. To prepare a soda solution, use 1 teaspoon of powder per 1 tbsp. warm water. Rinse up to 5-6 times a day, then be sure to visit a doctor.
• Alcohol-based drops: peppermint, valerian, camphor solution. Healing properties are explained by the presence of essential oils in the composition. The main effects are the elimination of the pulsating phenomenon, the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, the normalization of blood supply. Use to make a compress. Fold a small piece of gauze several times, moisten with a healing solution, attach to the aching tooth.
• Chamomile decoction . The use allows you to get rid of the inflammatory process in the oral cavity, reduce or eliminate discomfort. For the preparation of a remedy, 2 tbsp. l. dry chamomile (sold in any pharmacy), pour 2 tbsp. boiling water. Wait 10 minutes, strain, drink in the form of tea (avoid drinking high temperatures). It is advisable to rinse the mouth with a warm decoction of chamomile.
• Sage decoction has anti-inflammatory, bactericidal action. Due to the presence of alkaloids in the composition, it is an anesthetic. Used for rinsing the mouth.
• Clove oil has antiseptic, soothing properties. If dentalgia occurs, moisten a cotton swab with a small amount of this remedy. Attach to the problem gum. An alternative way to use clove oil is to rub the area of ​​concern in your mouth. In this case, an additional beneficial effect is gum massage. It improves blood circulation in their tissues.
• Echinacea infusion. It has an antioxidant property, increases the body’s resistance at the local level. To prepare a drink, use 4 tbsp. l. dry raw materials for 2 tbsp. boiling water. Wait 10-15 min. to activate all the beneficial properties of echinacea under the influence of high temperatures. Means to use for rinsing.
• Propolis . The bee product has an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effect. To achieve these, a piece of the remedy should be applied to the problem tooth.

Vodka is known for its anesthetic properties. To eliminate pulsating type of dentalgia, you need to rinse the gums with vodka, tilting your head to the side of the problem area.

• Garlic. Has an intense antiseptic property. It is enough to attach 1 clove of garlic to the inner surface of the wrist, then securely fasten it with a bandage.
• Furacilin. The solution helps to reduce swelling, reduce inflammation of the gums, and reduce the intensity of pain. These phenomena are explained by the property of furacilin to destroy pathogenic microflora.
• Black radish juice . It has a wide range of healing actions – it acts as an antibiotic, strengthens the gums (in case of inflammation, they become loose). Provides protection to the problem area of ​​the oral cavity.
• Ice cube. Provides relief from soreness. But it is characterized by a short effect, aggravates the condition with an increase in the sensitivity of the enamel.

The remedies and prescriptions listed are not a substitute for necessary treatment. Therefore, even after the elimination of dentalgia, you should visit the dentist. The absence of discomfort does not indicate the normalization of the condition of the tooth. In addition, the pain syndrome can resume after a certain period of time.

Unconventional Pain Management

It will be possible to enhance the analgesic effect of drugs and alternative means through Japanese massage.
Dentalgia will be reduced or eliminated by doing the following:

1. Massaging the space between the nose and upper lip vigorously.
2. First press a little on the lobe, then run your fingers along the edge of the ear. Repeat several times.
3. Lightly massage the carotid artery located on the side of the problem tooth.

To reduce dental pain, ordinary chewing helps – use mint leaves, plantain, a piece of peeled ginger.

Children and pregnant women

During gestation and in childhood, dentalgia occurs at least as often as in other social groups. Given the characteristics of both cases, the selection of an analgesic presents certain difficulties. The active components of painkillers are absorbed into the blood of the fetus – they can harm it, cause malformations, fading.

The first dental problems are the growth of teeth. The phenomenon is observed at the age of 4-6 months. For a child, the physiological process during which the bone tissue dissects the gums causes pain and stress. Then it is advisable to apply applications from gels or therapeutic pastes to problem areas. They will reduce pain, relieve swelling, inflammation – the child will be able to calm down, fall asleep, and appetite will normalize.

Acute pain in children occurs in response to the ingress of food particles into the cavity of a carious tooth. There is a pulsating sensation, which is often confused with the manifestation of inflammation of the ear. Also, dentalgia is caused by food getting into a healthy tooth – a foreign body squeezes, irritates the enamel. Feeling better is facilitated by the evacuation of the trapped substance – this is easier to achieve by rinsing the mouth. It is advisable to use a solution of baking soda.

Dentalgia in pregnant women is stopped with gels intended for children – so as not to harm the developing child in utero. They do not contain harmful components, are safe for the fetus. Particular care should be taken during pregnancy in the 1st and 3rd trimesters.

To normalize the well-being of children and expectant mothers, the following products are suitable:

• Clove oil.
• Asterisk liniment (lubricate the problematic gum with the preparation).
• Herbal products – chamomile, calendula, sage. Use as a decoction for rinsing the mouth.
• It is permissible for children to take Nurofen (the manufacturer indicated the allowable dosage in the instructions).
• Rinsing with a solution of baking soda, sea salt.

After you feel better after taking these remedies, you should rush to the dentist to get qualified medical care.

Acute toothache at night

Toothache that occurs at night may cause a person to wake up. Especially if it is caused by pulpitis, caries – in their presence, an unpleasant sensation is poorly amenable to elimination with analgesics. It is also not uncommon for dentalgia to increase in the evening, worrying throughout the night. It exhausts, causes weakness, irritability, since the fact of discomfort is complemented by a lack of rest.

Self-treatment of dentalgia (without the use of drugs) is a rare case. Most often, a similar phenomenon is observed precisely with nocturnal toothache. The inflammatory process is regulated by the adrenal cortex. The hormones it produces stop the intensity of the pathology. The reason why the improvement of well-being occurs precisely closer to the morning is that in the evening the adrenal glands slow down their activity.

If the toothache occurs outside the home

Acute dentalgia develops regardless of the location of the person. It is especially difficult if the phenomenon occurred when he is at work.
The only correct tactic is to take time off from management and visit a doctor. If for various reasons it is impossible to leave the workplace, an anesthetic should be taken immediately. Ketanov, Dolaren are characterized by a long analgesic effect. 1 tablet is enough to eliminate dentalgia for 5-6 hours. By that time, the working day will be over and it will be possible to visit the dentist.
In addition, rinse the mouth with soda or saline solution.

If a toothache bothers you on vacation

If you have dental problems long before your vacation, it is better to stop them first and then go on vacation. It is possible that the specialist will determine the possibility of delayed treatment – upon the return of the patient.

On the eve of the trip, it is important to carefully read the information of the contract concluded with the insurance company. It prescribes the type of assistance that you can count on if necessary.

Some insurance companies use compensation practices. The expenses incurred by the patient while abroad are returned to him upon arrival home. But subject to receipt of payment.

In order not to overshadow your vacation with inappropriate troubles with finding a dentist abroad, it is advisable to get a temporary filling at your dentist. Then, upon returning, you can begin a full-fledged treatment.

Toothache is a clear sign of a health disorder. Only a doctor is able to determine whether dental or other areas are suffering.