What is cephalexin and how does it work. Is cephalexin effective for treating ear infections. What are the common side effects of cephalexin. How should cephalexin be taken for optimal results.

Understanding Cephalexin: An Antibiotic for Bacterial Infections

Cephalexin is a widely prescribed antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin class of drugs. It’s available as both a generic medication and under the brand name Keflex. This versatile antibiotic comes in various forms, including oral capsules, tablets, and liquid suspensions, making it suitable for different patient needs and preferences.

The primary function of cephalexin is to combat bacterial infections by interfering with the formation of bacterial cell walls. This mechanism of action effectively ruptures the walls, leading to the death of the bacteria. It’s important to note that cephalexin is specifically designed to target bacterial infections and should not be used for viral illnesses such as the common cold.

The Efficacy of Cephalexin in Treating Ear Infections

One of the key applications of cephalexin is in the treatment of otitis media, commonly known as middle ear infections. These infections can cause significant discomfort and, if left untreated, may lead to more serious complications. Cephalexin’s ability to penetrate the infected area and eliminate the causative bacteria makes it an effective choice for managing ear infections.

Are ear infections always bacterial? No, ear infections can be caused by both bacteria and viruses. However, cephalexin is specifically prescribed for bacterial ear infections. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate treatment based on the cause and severity of the infection.

How Cephalexin Targets Ear Infections

When prescribed for an ear infection, cephalexin works by:

• Penetrating the middle ear fluid
• Attacking the bacterial cell walls
• Reducing inflammation and pain
• Clearing the infection over the course of treatment

Dosage and Administration of Cephalexin for Ear Infections

The correct dosage of cephalexin for ear infections can vary depending on several factors, including the patient’s age, weight, and the severity of the infection. It’s crucial to follow the prescribing physician’s instructions carefully to ensure the most effective treatment.

Typically, cephalexin is taken orally every 6 to 12 hours, depending on the prescribed regimen. The duration of treatment usually ranges from 7 to 14 days, but this can be adjusted based on the individual case.

Key Points for Taking Cephalexin

To maximize the effectiveness of cephalexin:

1. Take the medication at evenly spaced intervals
2. Complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve
3. Take cephalexin with or without food, but be consistent
4. If using the liquid suspension, shake well before each dose

Common Side Effects and Precautions

While cephalexin is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects in some individuals. Understanding these potential reactions is essential for patients and caregivers.

What are the most common side effects of cephalexin? The most frequently reported side effects include:

• Diarrhea
• Indigestion
• Stomach pain
• Nausea

These side effects are typically mild and often resolve on their own. However, if they persist or worsen, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider.

Serious Side Effects and Allergic Reactions

In rare cases, cephalexin can cause more severe reactions. Patients should be aware of the signs of a serious allergic reaction, which may include:

• Hives or rash
• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat

If any of these symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is necessary. It’s crucial for patients with a known allergy to β-lactam antibiotics to inform their healthcare provider, as cephalexin may not be suitable for them.

Drug Interactions and Contraindications

Cephalexin can interact with various medications, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. It’s essential to provide a complete list of all medications, supplements, and herbal products to your healthcare provider before starting cephalexin treatment.

Notable Drug Interactions

Some medications that may interact with cephalexin include:

• Probenecid: Can increase cephalexin levels in the body
• Metformin: May increase the risk of kidney problems when taken with cephalexin
• Other antibiotics: Can affect the overall efficacy of treatment

Does cephalexin interact with birth control pills? While cephalexin is not known to directly reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, it’s always best to use a backup method of contraception when taking any antibiotic, as individual responses can vary.

Special Considerations for Specific Patient Groups

Certain patient populations may require special consideration when being prescribed cephalexin. These groups include:

Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women

Cephalexin is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but it’s essential to discuss the potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider. The drug does pass into breast milk, so monitoring the nursing infant for potential side effects is recommended.

Elderly Patients

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of cephalexin and may require dose adjustments. Kidney function should be monitored closely in this population.

Patients with Kidney Disease

Since cephalexin is primarily excreted by the kidneys, patients with impaired kidney function may need dosage adjustments to prevent drug accumulation.

The Importance of Antibiotic Stewardship

The responsible use of antibiotics like cephalexin is crucial in combating antibiotic resistance. Patients play a vital role in this effort by:

• Taking antibiotics only when prescribed by a healthcare professional
• Completing the full course of treatment as directed
• Never sharing antibiotics with others
• Properly disposing of unused medication

How does antibiotic resistance develop? Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve to survive the effects of antibiotics. This can happen more quickly when antibiotics are overused or misused, making infections harder to treat in the future.

Alternative Treatments for Ear Infections

While cephalexin is effective for bacterial ear infections, it’s not always the first line of treatment. In some cases, especially for mild infections or those suspected to be viral, a “wait-and-see” approach may be recommended.

Non-Antibiotic Options

Some alternative treatments for ear infections include:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Warm compresses
• Ear drops for pain relief
• Rest and hydration

When should you seek medical attention for an ear infection? If symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen, or are accompanied by high fever or severe pain, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

Monitoring and Follow-Up Care

Proper monitoring during and after treatment with cephalexin is essential for ensuring the best outcomes. Patients should be aware of the signs that indicate the need for follow-up care.

Signs of Improvement

Positive indicators that the treatment is working include:

• Reduction in ear pain and discomfort
• Improved hearing
• Decrease in fever
• Return to normal daily activities

When to Seek Further Medical Attention

Patients should contact their healthcare provider if:

• Symptoms do not improve after a few days of treatment
• New symptoms develop
• Side effects become severe or persistent
• There are signs of an allergic reaction

How long does it typically take for cephalexin to work on an ear infection? While individual responses can vary, many patients begin to experience relief within 24 to 48 hours of starting treatment. However, it’s crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.

The Future of Antibiotic Treatment for Ear Infections

As medical research advances, new approaches to treating ear infections are being explored. These include:

• Development of more targeted antibiotics
• Improved diagnostic tools for distinguishing bacterial from viral infections
• Novel drug delivery methods for enhanced efficacy
• Exploration of probiotic therapies to support ear health

What role does genetic research play in antibiotic development? Genetic studies are helping scientists understand bacterial resistance mechanisms, potentially leading to more effective and personalized antibiotic treatments in the future.

Educating Patients on Proper Antibiotic Use

Empowering patients with knowledge about antibiotics like cephalexin is crucial for promoting responsible use and improving treatment outcomes. Healthcare providers play a vital role in this education process.

Key Points for Patient Education

When prescribing cephalexin, healthcare professionals should emphasize:

• The importance of taking the medication as directed
• Potential side effects and when to seek medical attention
• The risks of antibiotic resistance
• Proper storage and disposal of the medication

How can patients contribute to antibiotic stewardship? Patients can play an active role by asking questions about their prescriptions, following dosage instructions carefully, and avoiding the use of leftover antibiotics for future illnesses.

Cephalexin in the Context of Overall Ear Health

While cephalexin is an effective treatment for bacterial ear infections, maintaining overall ear health is equally important. Preventive measures can help reduce the frequency of ear infections and the need for antibiotic treatment.

Preventive Strategies for Ear Health

To promote ear health and reduce the risk of infections:

• Practice good hygiene, especially hand washing
• Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
• Keep vaccinations up to date
• Breastfeed infants when possible, as it can boost immunity
• Avoid inserting objects into the ear canal

Can dietary changes impact ear health? While diet alone cannot prevent ear infections, maintaining a healthy, balanced diet can support overall immune function, potentially reducing the risk of infections.

Conclusion: The Role of Cephalexin in Ear Infection Management

Cephalexin remains a valuable tool in the treatment of bacterial ear infections. Its effectiveness, combined with a generally favorable side effect profile, makes it a common choice among healthcare providers. However, its use should always be guided by proper diagnosis and professional medical advice.

As with all antibiotics, responsible use of cephalexin is crucial for maintaining its effectiveness and preventing antibiotic resistance. Patients and healthcare providers must work together to ensure that this medication is used appropriately, maximizing its benefits while minimizing risks.

By understanding the proper use, potential side effects, and importance of completing the full course of treatment, patients can play an active role in their ear health management. As research continues to advance our understanding of ear infections and antibiotic therapy, we can look forward to even more effective and targeted treatments in the future.

Side effects, dosage, uses, and more

1. Cephalexin oral capsule is available as a generic drug and as a brand-name drug. Brand name: Keflex.
2. Cephalexin also comes as a tablet or liquid suspension that you take by mouth.
3. Cephalexin oral capsule is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria.

• Allergy to β-lactam medications warning: If you’re allergic to β-lactam medications, many of which are antibiotics, you should not take this drug. You could have a serious allergic reaction.
• Antibiotic-associated diarrhea warning: The use of almost all antibiotics, including cephalexin, can cause a reaction that leads to diarrhea. In addition to diarrhea, this reaction can cause severe inflammation of your colon. Severe cases of this reaction can be fatal (cause death). Call your doctor if you have diarrhea while taking or after taking this drug.

Cephalexin oral capsule is a prescription drug that’s available as the brand-name drug Keflex and as a generic drug. Generic drugs usually cost less than the brand-name version. In some cases, they may not be available in all strengths or forms as the brand-name drug.

Cephalexin also comes as an oral tablet and an oral suspension.

Why it’s used

Cephalexin is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria. These infections include:

• respiratory tract infections
• otitis media (middle ear infections)
• skin and skin structure infections
• bone infections
• genitourinary (urinary tract) infections

How it works

Cephalexin belongs to a class of drugs called cephalosporins (antibiotics). A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.

Cephalexin works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria’s cell walls. This ruptures the walls and kills the bacteria.

This drug should only be used to treat bacterial infections. You should not use it to treat viruses, such as the common cold.

Cephalexin oral capsule doesn’t cause drowsiness. However, it can cause other side effects.

More common side effects

The more common side effects of cephalexin oral capsule include:

• diarrhea
• indigestion
• irritation or inflammation of your stomach lining
• stomach pain

If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Serious side effects

Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:

• Allergic reactions. Symptoms can include:
  • hives
  • trouble breathing
  • swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare professional who knows your medical history.

Cephalexin oral capsule can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.

To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with cephalexin are listed below.

Interactions that increase your risk of side effects

Side effects from cephalexin: Taking cephalexin with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from cephalexin. This is because the amount of cephalexin in your body is increased. An example of these drugs is probenecid.

Side effects from other drugs: Taking cephalexin with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from these drugs. An example of these drugs is metformin. Taking metformin and cephalexin together may cause kidney problems. Your doctor may adjust your dose of metformin to reduce this risk.

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare professional about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.

This drug comes with several warnings.

Allergy warning

Cephalexin can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:

• hives
• trouble breathing
• swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat

If you have an allergic reaction, call your doctor or local poison control center right away. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.

Do not take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it before. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).

Warnings for certain groups

For people with kidney problems: If you have kidney problems or a history of kidney disease, you may not be able to clear this drug from your body. This may increase the levels of this drug in your body and cause more side effects. Your doctor may adjust your dose if you have kidney disease. Talk with your doctor about whether this drug is safe for you.

For pregnant people: Studies of the drug in pregnant animals have not shown a risk to the fetus. There aren’t enough studies on pregnant people to show the drug poses a risk to the fetus. You may still want to talk with your doctor if you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

For people who are nursing: Cephalexin passes into breast milk and may cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. Talk with your doctor if you are nursing your child. You may need to decide whether to stop nursing or stop taking this medication.

For seniors: The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of the drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

For children: This drug hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year of age with respiratory tract, middle ear, skin and skin structure, bone, and urinary tract infections.

This dosage information is for cephalexin oral capsule. All possible dosages and drug forms may not be included here. Your dosage, drug form, and how often you take the drug will depend on:

• your age
• the condition being treated
• how severe your condition is
• other medical conditions you have
• how you react to the first dose

Forms and strengths

Generic: Cephalexin

• Form: Oral capsule
• Strengths: 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg

Brand name: Keflex

• Form: Oral capsule
• Strengths: 750 mg

Dosage for respiratory tract infection

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

25–50 mg/kg of body weight per day taken in divided doses. Your doctor may double your dose for severe infections.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Dosage for otitis media (middle ear infection)

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

75–100 mg/kg of body weight per day given in equally divided doses every 6 hours.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Dosage for skin and skin structure infection

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

25–50 mg/kg of body weight per day taken in divided doses. Your doctor may double your dose for severe infections.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Dosage for bone infections

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

25–50 mg/kg of body weight per day taken in divided doses. Your doctor may double your dose for severe infections.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Dosage for genitourinary (urinary tract) infection

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. Your doctor may give you a larger dose if you have a severe infection.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. Your doctor may give you a larger dose if you have a severe infection.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

25–50 mg/kg of body weight per day taken in divided doses. Your doctor may double your dose for severe infections.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Special dosage considerations

For adults and children (15 years of age and older) with kidney problems:

• People with a creatinine clearance (CrCL) of 30–59 mL/min: maximum daily dose should not exceed 1 g
• People with a CrCL of 15 to 29 mL/min: 250 mg taken every 8 or 12 hours
• People with a CrCL of 5 to 14 mL/min: 250 mg every 24 hours
• People with a CrCL of 1 to 4 mL/min: 250 mg every 48 or 60 hours

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.

Cephalexin oral capsule is a short-term drug treatment. It comes with risks if you don’t take it as prescribed.

If you stop taking the drug or don’t take it at all: If you don’t take this drug, your infection may not improve, or it may get worse.

If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely. For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.

If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of this drug in your body. Symptoms may include:

• nausea
• vomiting
• stomach aches
• diarrhea
• blood in your urine

If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, act right away. Call your doctor or local Poison Control Center, or go to the nearest emergency room.

What to do if you miss a dose: Take your dose as soon as you remember. But if you remember just a few hours before your next scheduled dose, take only one dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in dangerous side effects.

How to tell if the drug is working: Your symptoms and your infection should go away if this drug is working.

Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes cephalexin oral capsule for you.

General

You can take cephalexin with or without food.

Storage

• Store the capsules between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).
• Don’t store this medication in moist or damp areas, such as bathrooms.

Refills

A prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled. Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.

Travel

When traveling with your medication:

• Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
• Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They can’t hurt your medication.
• You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled box with you.
• Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.

Clinical monitoring

Your doctor may do blood tests to check how well your kidneys are working. If your kidneys aren’t working well, your doctor may lower your dose of this drug.

There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk with your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.

Disclaimer: Medical News Today has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

Side effects, dosage, uses, and more

1. Cephalexin oral capsule is available as a generic drug and as a brand-name drug. Brand name: Keflex.
2. Cephalexin also comes as a tablet or liquid suspension that you take by mouth.
3. Cephalexin oral capsule is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria.

• Allergy to β-lactam medications warning: If you’re allergic to β-lactam medications, many of which are antibiotics, you should not take this drug. You could have a serious allergic reaction.
• Antibiotic-associated diarrhea warning: The use of almost all antibiotics, including cephalexin, can cause a reaction that leads to diarrhea. In addition to diarrhea, this reaction can cause severe inflammation of your colon. Severe cases of this reaction can be fatal (cause death). Call your doctor if you have diarrhea while taking or after taking this drug.

Cephalexin oral capsule is a prescription drug that’s available as the brand-name drug Keflex and as a generic drug. Generic drugs usually cost less than the brand-name version. In some cases, they may not be available in all strengths or forms as the brand-name drug.

Cephalexin also comes as an oral tablet and an oral suspension.

Why it’s used

Cephalexin is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria. These infections include:

• respiratory tract infections
• otitis media (middle ear infections)
• skin and skin structure infections
• bone infections
• genitourinary (urinary tract) infections

How it works

Cephalexin belongs to a class of drugs called cephalosporins (antibiotics). A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.

Cephalexin works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria’s cell walls. This ruptures the walls and kills the bacteria.

This drug should only be used to treat bacterial infections. You should not use it to treat viruses, such as the common cold.

Cephalexin oral capsule doesn’t cause drowsiness. However, it can cause other side effects.

More common side effects

The more common side effects of cephalexin oral capsule include:

• diarrhea
• indigestion
• irritation or inflammation of your stomach lining
• stomach pain

If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Serious side effects

Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:

• Allergic reactions. Symptoms can include:
  • hives
  • trouble breathing
  • swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare professional who knows your medical history.

Cephalexin oral capsule can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.

To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with cephalexin are listed below.

Interactions that increase your risk of side effects

Side effects from cephalexin: Taking cephalexin with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from cephalexin. This is because the amount of cephalexin in your body is increased. An example of these drugs is probenecid.

Side effects from other drugs: Taking cephalexin with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from these drugs. An example of these drugs is metformin. Taking metformin and cephalexin together may cause kidney problems. Your doctor may adjust your dose of metformin to reduce this risk.

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare professional about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.

This drug comes with several warnings.

Allergy warning

Cephalexin can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:

• hives
• trouble breathing
• swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat

If you have an allergic reaction, call your doctor or local poison control center right away. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.

Do not take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it before. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).

Warnings for certain groups

For people with kidney problems: If you have kidney problems or a history of kidney disease, you may not be able to clear this drug from your body. This may increase the levels of this drug in your body and cause more side effects. Your doctor may adjust your dose if you have kidney disease. Talk with your doctor about whether this drug is safe for you.

For pregnant people: Studies of the drug in pregnant animals have not shown a risk to the fetus. There aren’t enough studies on pregnant people to show the drug poses a risk to the fetus. You may still want to talk with your doctor if you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

For people who are nursing: Cephalexin passes into breast milk and may cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. Talk with your doctor if you are nursing your child. You may need to decide whether to stop nursing or stop taking this medication.

For seniors: The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of the drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

For children: This drug hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year of age with respiratory tract, middle ear, skin and skin structure, bone, and urinary tract infections.

This dosage information is for cephalexin oral capsule. All possible dosages and drug forms may not be included here. Your dosage, drug form, and how often you take the drug will depend on:

• your age
• the condition being treated
• how severe your condition is
• other medical conditions you have
• how you react to the first dose

Forms and strengths

Generic: Cephalexin

• Form: Oral capsule
• Strengths: 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg

Brand name: Keflex

• Form: Oral capsule
• Strengths: 750 mg

Dosage for respiratory tract infection

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

25–50 mg/kg of body weight per day taken in divided doses. Your doctor may double your dose for severe infections.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Dosage for otitis media (middle ear infection)

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

75–100 mg/kg of body weight per day given in equally divided doses every 6 hours.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Dosage for skin and skin structure infection

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

25–50 mg/kg of body weight per day taken in divided doses. Your doctor may double your dose for severe infections.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Dosage for bone infections

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. If you have a severe infection, your doctor may give you a larger dose.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

25–50 mg/kg of body weight per day taken in divided doses. Your doctor may double your dose for severe infections.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Dosage for genitourinary (urinary tract) infection

Adult dosage (ages 18 to 64 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. Your doctor may give you a larger dose if you have a severe infection.

Child dosage (ages 15 to 17 years)

1–4 grams per day taken in divided doses. The usual dose is 250 mg taken every 6 hours, or a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours may be given. Your doctor may give you a larger dose if you have a severe infection.

Child dosage (ages 1 to 14 years)

25–50 mg/kg of body weight per day taken in divided doses. Your doctor may double your dose for severe infections.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied in children younger than 1 year for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Special dosage considerations

For adults and children (15 years of age and older) with kidney problems:

• People with a creatinine clearance (CrCL) of 30–59 mL/min: maximum daily dose should not exceed 1 g
• People with a CrCL of 15 to 29 mL/min: 250 mg taken every 8 or 12 hours
• People with a CrCL of 5 to 14 mL/min: 250 mg every 24 hours
• People with a CrCL of 1 to 4 mL/min: 250 mg every 48 or 60 hours

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.

Cephalexin oral capsule is a short-term drug treatment. It comes with risks if you don’t take it as prescribed.

If you stop taking the drug or don’t take it at all: If you don’t take this drug, your infection may not improve, or it may get worse.

If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely. For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.

If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of this drug in your body. Symptoms may include:

• nausea
• vomiting
• stomach aches
• diarrhea
• blood in your urine

If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, act right away. Call your doctor or local Poison Control Center, or go to the nearest emergency room.

What to do if you miss a dose: Take your dose as soon as you remember. But if you remember just a few hours before your next scheduled dose, take only one dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in dangerous side effects.

How to tell if the drug is working: Your symptoms and your infection should go away if this drug is working.

Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes cephalexin oral capsule for you.

General

You can take cephalexin with or without food.

Storage

• Store the capsules between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).
• Don’t store this medication in moist or damp areas, such as bathrooms.

Refills

A prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled. Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.

Travel

When traveling with your medication:

• Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
• Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They can’t hurt your medication.
• You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled box with you.
• Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.

Clinical monitoring

Your doctor may do blood tests to check how well your kidneys are working. If your kidneys aren’t working well, your doctor may lower your dose of this drug.

There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk with your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.

Disclaimer: Medical News Today has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

Otitis media – treatment in BaltMedna Vasilyevsky Island

What is a middle ear infection?

Otitis media is an infection of the middle part of the ear. An ear infection often develops after a cold, such as a cold or the flu. This infection can cause swelling and effusion in the space behind the eardrum (in the middle ear). A buildup of this fluid (called an effusion) can become a breeding ground for bacteria and viruses and cause increased pressure on the eardrum. The increased pressure causes the tympanic membrane to bulge, which leads to the typical symptoms of otitis media.

Symptoms of otitis media

Symptoms of a middle ear infection in teenagers and older children include aching or pain in the ear and temporary hearing loss. These symptoms usually begin suddenly.

In infants and young children, symptoms of a middle ear infection may include:

• Fever (temperature 38°C or more)
• Ear pain
• Anxiety
• Decreased physical activity
• Lack of appetite or difficulty eating
• Vomiting and/or diarrhea

Diagnosis of middle ear infection

If you suspect your child has otitis media, see your pediatrician for a checkup.

Although examining the ear with an otoscope is completely painless, most babies and children do not like this procedure. To facilitate this process, sit the child on your knees and hug him, holding his hands and fixing his head, and the doctor will examine the ear with a special tool (otoscope).

It is often difficult to tell for sure if a child has a middle ear infection. When the doctor looks into the ear and sees all the typical signs of a middle ear infection, the diagnosis becomes indisputable. However, when the typical features are absent, the diagnosis becomes less certain. In this case, the doctor must decide what tactics will be optimal in this case (waiting or prescribing treatment immediately).

Treatment of middle ear infection

About 80% of otitis go away without any intervention.

Treatment for otitis media may include:

• Antipyretics and analgesics
• Antibiotics
• Surveillance
• A combination of these approaches

Optimal treatment depends on the child’s age, medical history (number and severity of previous infections), and some other medical considerations.

Pain suppression

A number of drugs are used to relieve discomfort and eliminate pain. Inside, preparations based on ibuprofen (Nurofen, etc.), paracetamol (Kalpol, Panadol, etc.) are prescribed. Locally prescribed ear drops with lidocaine (Otipax, etc.). Drops in the ear must be warmed up to 37 degrees before instillation.

Pay attention. If you suddenly notice the expiration of any child discharged from the ear (pus, blood or clear liquid), you should immediately stop instilling drops into this ear and show the child to the doctor as soon as possible. Discharge from the ear is a symptom of perforation (rupture) of the eardrum. It is possible to bury any drops in the ear only with an intact eardrum, otherwise it can lead to a persistent hearing loss on this side, up to complete deafness. Just do not confuse discharge from the ear with the expiration of an excess amount of recently introduced ear drops. If you pour 5-10 drops into a child’s ear, they will certainly flow back.

Antibiotics

Antibiotic therapy is not prescribed in all cases of otitis media. The first-line drugs today are still penicillins, contrary to the prejudices of some doctors and parents. This group of antibiotics has the best benefit / side effect ratio, therefore it is preferable.

As a rule, antibiotics are indicated for children under 24 months of age. For children older than 24 months, the doctor may suggest watchful waiting management (see the Expectant Management chapter below)

Doctors do not prescribe antibiotics to all children with otitis media because studies show that most older children clear their middle ear infection on their own and recover without the use of antibiotics. Taking antibiotics can be accompanied by side effects, and overuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Unreasonable prescribing of antibiotics will lead to the fact that the next time they will not work at all, or a higher dose of this antibiotic will be required.

Expectant management

In some cases, the doctor will recommend that you wait and observe your child for a while at home before deciding whether to prescribe an antibiotic, this is called expectant management. It can help your doctor and you decide whether antibiotics are needed in this case.

Observation alone may be recommended in the following situations:

• If, after examining the child and otoscopy, the doctor is not clear whether the child has a middle ear infection
• If the child is older than 24 months
• If ear pain and fever are mild
• If, in addition to ear symptoms, the child is completely healthy

If the doctor recommended expectant management, it only applies to antibiotics. You may continue to give pain medications and antipyretics to relieve pain and fever. (See the chapter “Pain Suppression” below.)

If the doctor prescribed the child only observation, then you should show the child to the doctor a day later to determine further tactics. If your child’s pain or fever continues or gets worse, antibiotics are usually indicated; if the symptoms decrease or remain unchanged, the observation can be continued, in agreement with the doctor.

Complementary and alternative treatments

There is a wide range of alternative medicine and traditional medicine methods for the treatment of otitis media. These include homeopathic remedies, herbal medicine, chiropractic and acupuncture.

However, there is practically no serious study of the use of these methods in children, proving their effectiveness and safety. Accordingly, these approaches are not recommended for the treatment of middle ear infections in children.

This also includes drops based on alcohol, which are so popular in the countries of the former USSR (boric alcohol, chloramphenicol, etc.), ear wax candles, instillation of aloe juice into the ears, and so on. These methods have nothing to do with the treatment of otitis and can cause serious harm (alcohol has a toxic effect on the auditory analyzer and balance analyzer, wax and open fire can lead to burns, etc.). These methods should not be used.

Semi-alcohol compresses on the ear have only a distracting effect, do not speed up recovery, in addition, in young children, alcohol can be absorbed through the skin, leading to intoxication. Almost no one knows how to apply semi-alcohol compresses hermetically and the ear does not heat up, but only gets wet in a nasty cold liquid. Therefore, they can be recommended only for children of school age, strictly follow the rules for applying a compress (especially tightness) and keep no more than 2-3 hours. And it is better to completely abandon this ineffective method.

Vasoconstrictor and antihistamines. Studies that have used vasoconstrictor nasal drops and oral antihistamines, as well as antihistamine nasal drops, to treat otitis media in children have shown no effect from either. These drugs did not reduce the duration of the course of the disease and did not prevent the development of complications of otitis media in children. In addition, these treatments have side effects that can be dangerous. Neither vasoconstrictors nor antihistamines are recommended for children with a middle ear infection.

Moreover, taking antihistamines for otitis causes thickening of the exudate and makes it difficult to resolve. According to some studies, those children who took antihistamines by mouth for otitis had exudation for an average of 73 days after recovery, and those who took a placebo (pacifier) ​​had an exudate for an average of 25 days.

Further therapy

Once antibiotics are started, your child’s symptoms should improve within 24 to 48 hours. If your child does not have any improvement after 48 hours, or more – the severity of the symptoms increases, see the doctor again. Although the fever and discomfort in the ear may continue after antibiotics are started, the child should feel some improvement day by day.

Children under two years of age and children who are just developing speech should see a doctor two to three months after treatment for otitis media. These children are at risk of delayed speech development. An examination is needed to make sure that the effusion in the middle ear (which can adversely affect the child’s hearing) has resolved.

Complications of otitis media

Tympanic membrane rupture

One possible complication of a middle ear infection is a perforated tympanic membrane. The eardrum can rupture when fluid presses against the inside of the eardrum, reducing blood flow and causing it to thin. A ruptured eardrum is not accompanied by any pain, and many people feel relieved because the excess pressure in the middle ear stops. Fortunately, the eardrum usually heals quickly after a rupture, within a few hours to a few days.

Hearing loss

Fluid that collects behind the eardrum (called an effusion or exudate) may remain there for weeks or even months after the symptoms of otitis media have completely stopped. An effusion causes hearing loss, which is usually temporary. The presence of fluid in the middle ear may be the cause of delayed speech development.

The effusion usually resolves without treatment. Three months is the allowable period for resorption of the effusion in the tympanic cavity. However, if the effusion persists for too long, the child may need treatment. The doctor decides whether active measures are needed to treat the effusion based on how much the effusion reduces the child’s hearing and how high the child’s risk of developing speech problems is.

Children who do not resolve the effusion should be under medical supervision for a long time. Otoscopy (examination of the ear with a funnel or otoscope) should be performed every three to six months until the effusion has completely disappeared.

Parents should observe whether the child’s hearing is reduced after suffering otitis, and if a pronounced decrease is suspected, consult a doctor without waiting for a period of 3 or 6 months.

Treatment of effusion

The optimal treatment for effusion is surgery. During this procedure, fluid is “drained” from the middle ear by making a small hole in the eardrum (called a myringotomy) and a tube is placed in this hole so that it does not overgrow ahead of time (called a tympanostomy tube, see figure).

This operation is performed in a specialized ENT hospital, under general anesthesia (narcosis).

The advantage of the operation is to improve hearing. The risks of surgery include a small chance of permanent damage to the eardrum.

Meningitis, mastoiditis, labyrinthitis Inflammation of the membranes of the brain (meningitis), and / or cells of the mastoid process (mastoiditis), and / or the inner ear (labyrinthitis) are severe and relatively rare complications of otitis media. Treatment is carried out in specialized hospitals.

What should be monitored?

Severe headaches, quiet exhausted monotonous crying of the baby, stiffness of the occipital muscles (inability to bend the head with the chin to the chest, increased headache and crying during such attempts) – this can alert parents to the presence of meningitis. A sudden noticeable protrusion of the auricle (usually one, from the side of otitis media), swelling and pain on palpation (pressing with a finger) in the behind-the-ear region can alert parents to the presence of mastoiditis. The appearance of severe debilitating dizziness in a child (often – 1 – 2 weeks after otitis media), balance disorders, a sharp decrease in hearing – requires immediate medical attention and may be symptoms of labyrinthitis.

Chronic suppurative otitis media

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a rare complication of acute otitis media. If your child has an acute middle ear infection that is accompanied by otorrhea (fluid leaking out of the ear canal) that persists for two weeks or more, he may be diagnosed with CHSO. A child suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media needs treatment in an ENT hospital. If such a child is not treated, the purulent process can spread to other parts of the head, causing:

• local bone inflammation (mastoiditis)
• inflammation of the meninges (meningitis), or
• temporary numbness of the face (neuritis of the trigeminal and/or facial nerve)

Risk factors for otitis media

There are some medical and household aspects that predispose to the development of an infection in the middle ear. These include:

• the child has allergic diseases (especially allergic rhinitis)
• artificial feeding
• use of pacifier
• horizontal position of the child when feeding
• passive smoking (regular exposure of the child to tobacco smoke)
• kindergarten attendance

Preventive measures for otitis, respectively, consist in the exclusion or minimization of risk factors.

Prevention of otitis media

Some children have very frequent otitis media. Middle ear infections are called recurrent if they recur three or more times within six months, or four or more times within 1 year. Several methods may help reduce the risk of recurrence of the infection, including continuous antibiotic therapy and surgery with placement of a tympanostomy tube.

Some vaccines (such as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the flu vaccine) can help reduce the frequency of ear infections.

Removal of the adenoids and pharyngeal tonsils may help if they block the entrance to the Eustachian tube (the natural anatomical formation that connects the middle ear cavity to the nasal cavity to maintain atmospheric pressure in the first).

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Children suffering from recurrent middle ear infections may sometimes be offered a preventive regimen of daily antibiotics during the rise in colds in late fall, winter, and early spring. While preventive antibiotic therapy can help reduce middle ear infections, it increases the risk of other infections. There is also a risk that taking antibiotics for a long period of time may lead to the formation of strains of bacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics. The doctor should discuss in detail with the parents the benefits and risks of this treatment and make a joint decision on its appropriateness.

Surgical prophylaxis

Some studies show that tympanostomy surgery (see picture above) helps prevent recurrent middle ear infections. However, other studies deny any benefit from this approach. This method should also be used only in the most severe cases, in agreement with the parents, with an awareness of all the pros and cons of such an approach.

A general diagram of the structure of the human ear is presented here:

What are the main causes of ear infections in children?

Children under the age of 10 are much more susceptible than older children and adults to infections in the middle ear, a small space that lies deep behind the eardrum.

Older children and adults usually get infections in the ear canal but not in the middle ear.

The eardrum acts as a barrier protecting the middle ear. Infections in this area occur when bacteria or viruses that are inhaled enter the back of the nose, travel up the Eustachian cavity and infect the middle ear. Young children naturally did not have time to develop immunity to the many bacteria or viruses in the air.

A number of major causes, infection is inevitable:

First, young age: children have ineffective Eustachian tubes and have not developed immunity to many infections.

Secondly, being in large groups indoors, at school or kindergarten.

However, the main significant factor that can be controlled is exposure to smoke. Children in families of smokers are more prone to ear infections.

How can you tell if your child has an ear infection?

Diagnosing an ear infection in children can be difficult, especially in a child who is too young to tell you they have an earache.

The main symptoms are that the child is upset and has a temperature. Some children rub or pull on their ears. A doctor examining a child’s ear will see a red eardrum.

Sometimes infected fluid deep in the eardrum causes the eardrum to rupture and blood with the infected fluid leaks out of the ear. This is commonly referred to as a tympanic membrane rupture. Once the eardrum bursts, often the child will feel much less pain. Most ruptured eardrums heal within a few weeks.

Do I need to take my child to an ENT doctor for an ear infection?

If you suspect your child has an ear infection, the first thing to do is to relieve the pain with pediatric paracetamol and ibuprofen.

It would be wise to see a pediatric otolaryngologist during the daytime for a routine appointment. At least half of all ear infections clear up within 3 days, so simply treat the pain until it goes away. In some children, the infection persists and may require a course of oral antibiotics.