Can cirrhosis be reversed. What are the main goals of cirrhosis treatment. How does alcohol cessation impact cirrhosis management. What treatments are available for hepatitis-induced cirrhosis. How can non-alcoholic fatty liver disease be addressed in cirrhosis patients. What are the treatment options for autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. How are complications of cirrhosis managed. When is liver transplantation considered for cirrhosis patients.

Understanding Cirrhosis: Causes and Treatment Approaches

Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and damage to the liver tissue. While it is not curable, various treatment options can help manage the condition and prevent further liver damage. The main causes of cirrhosis include alcohol abuse, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease. Treatment strategies are tailored to the underlying cause and the extent of liver damage.

Primary Goals of Cirrhosis Treatment

Healthcare providers focus on two main objectives when treating cirrhosis:

• Halting the progression of liver damage
• Preventing and managing complications associated with the disease

These goals are achieved through a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and in severe cases, liver transplantation.

Alcohol Cessation: A Crucial Step in Cirrhosis Management

For individuals with alcohol-induced cirrhosis, complete abstinence from alcohol is essential. The liver’s primary function is to break down and eliminate toxins from the body, including alcohol. Continued alcohol consumption places additional stress on an already compromised liver.

Strategies for Alcohol Cessation

Quitting alcohol can be challenging, especially for those with alcohol dependence. Several approaches can help individuals achieve and maintain sobriety:

1. 12-step programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
2. Individual counseling with a therapist specializing in addiction
3. Support groups addressing underlying factors contributing to alcohol use
4. Inpatient rehabilitation programs
5. Prescription medications such as naltrexone (Revia, Vivitrol) and acamprosate (Campral)

How effective are these strategies in helping cirrhosis patients quit drinking? Studies have shown that a combination of behavioral therapies and medication-assisted treatment can significantly increase the chances of long-term sobriety, thereby improving liver health and overall prognosis.

Treating Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Cirrhosis Patients

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that can lead to cirrhosis. While there is no specific medication to reverse fatty buildup in the liver, managing underlying conditions can help halt liver damage progression.

NASH Treatment Approaches

• Lifestyle modifications, including weight loss through diet and exercise
• Vitamin E supplementation for non-diabetic patients without cirrhosis
• Pioglitazone, which may help improve insulin sensitivity

Is it possible for liver damage from NASH to reverse? In some cases, early-stage liver damage has been known to improve with appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes. However, advanced cirrhosis is generally irreversible, emphasizing the importance of early intervention.

Managing Hepatitis-Induced Cirrhosis: Antiviral Therapies

Hepatitis B and C viruses are common causes of liver damage leading to cirrhosis. Fortunately, advances in antiviral treatments have significantly improved outcomes for patients with viral hepatitis-induced cirrhosis.

Antiviral Medications for Hepatitis

Treatment options for hepatitis-related cirrhosis include:

• Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C, which can cure the infection in most cases
• Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues for hepatitis B, which suppress viral replication
• Interferon therapy, although less commonly used now due to side effects and availability of newer treatments

What is the success rate of antiviral treatments in preventing cirrhosis progression? Modern antiviral therapies, especially for hepatitis C, have shown remarkable success rates, with cure rates exceeding 95% in many cases. This high efficacy can significantly slow or halt the progression of liver damage in cirrhosis patients.

Addressing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Cirrhosis Management

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly recognized as a leading cause of cirrhosis. The primary approach to managing NAFLD-related cirrhosis focuses on lifestyle modifications and addressing underlying metabolic conditions.

Key Strategies for NAFLD Management

1. Weight loss through a balanced, calorie-restricted diet
2. Regular physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity
3. Management of associated conditions such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia
4. Abstinence from alcohol to prevent additional liver stress
5. Avoidance of certain supplements, including high-dose vitamin E, unless recommended by a healthcare provider

How much weight loss is necessary to improve NAFLD-related cirrhosis? Studies suggest that a weight loss of 7-10% of body weight can lead to significant improvements in liver health for individuals with NAFLD. However, weight loss should be gradual and supervised by a healthcare professional to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Treatment Options for Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis are less common causes of cirrhosis but require specific treatment approaches to manage liver damage and associated symptoms.

Autoimmune Hepatitis Treatment

The primary goal in treating autoimmune hepatitis is to suppress the immune system’s attack on the liver. Treatment typically involves:

• Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, to reduce inflammation
• Immunosuppressants like azathioprine to maintain remission
• Regular monitoring of liver function and medication side effects

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Management

For primary biliary cirrhosis, treatment focuses on slowing the progression of liver damage and managing symptoms. Key approaches include:

• Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to improve bile flow and reduce liver inflammation
• Management of associated symptoms such as itching and fatigue
• Monitoring for and treating complications like osteoporosis and vitamin deficiencies

What is the long-term prognosis for patients with autoimmune hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis? With appropriate treatment, many patients with autoimmune hepatitis can achieve remission and maintain stable liver function. For primary biliary cirrhosis, early diagnosis and treatment with UDCA can significantly slow disease progression and improve long-term outcomes.

Managing Complications of Cirrhosis: Portal Hypertension and Varices

As cirrhosis progresses, it can lead to various complications that require specific management strategies. Two of the most significant complications are portal hypertension and varices.

Treating Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension occurs when scar tissue in the liver obstructs blood flow, leading to increased pressure in the portal vein. Management approaches include:

• Beta-blockers to reduce portal pressure
• Dietary sodium restriction to manage fluid retention
• Diuretics to control ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)

Managing Varices

Varices are enlarged blood vessels, typically in the esophagus or stomach, that can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding. Treatment options include:

• Endoscopic band ligation to tie off bleeding varices
• Medication to reduce portal pressure and prevent bleeding
• Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure for severe cases

How effective are these treatments in preventing variceal bleeding? When implemented early and consistently, these treatments can significantly reduce the risk of variceal bleeding. Regular endoscopic screening and prompt management of identified varices are crucial in preventing this potentially life-threatening complication.

Liver Transplantation: A Lifesaving Option for Advanced Cirrhosis

For patients with end-stage cirrhosis or those who do not respond to other treatments, liver transplantation may be the only viable option. This procedure involves replacing the damaged liver with a healthy liver from a donor.

Considerations for Liver Transplantation

• Severity of liver disease and overall health status
• Availability of suitable donor organs
• Ability to comply with post-transplant care requirements
• Potential risks and benefits of the procedure

What is the success rate of liver transplantation for cirrhosis patients? Liver transplantation has shown impressive success rates, with one-year survival rates exceeding 85% and five-year survival rates around 75%. However, the procedure is complex and requires lifelong immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection.

In conclusion, while cirrhosis is a serious and chronic condition, a range of treatment options exists to manage the disease and its complications. From lifestyle modifications and medication therapies to advanced procedures like liver transplantation, healthcare providers can tailor treatment plans to individual patient needs. Early diagnosis, adherence to treatment regimens, and regular monitoring are key factors in improving outcomes for cirrhosis patients.

Low Sodium Diet, Medication, Liver Transplant, Lifestyle Changes

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Alcohol Abuse Treatment
• NASH Treatment
• Hepatitis Treatments
• Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatments
• Treatments for Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
• Treatments for Cirrhosis Complications
• Liver Transplant
• How to Stay Healthy with Cirrhosis
• More

Cirrhosis isn’t curable, but it’s treatable. Doctors have two main goals in treating this disease: Stop the damage to your liver, and prevent complications.

Alcohol abuse, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease are some of the main causes. Your doctor will personalize your treatment based on what caused your cirrhosis, and the amount of liver damage you have.

Your liver breaks down and removes toxins from your body. Alcohol is a toxin. When you drink too much, your liver has to work extra hard to process it.

To protect your liver, you must stop drinking. That can be hard to do, especially if you’ve become dependent on alcohol. Ask your doctor about things you can try that may help you stop drinking, such as:

• 12-step and other support programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
• One-on-one counseling with a therapist
• Support groups to help you manage the factors that make you drink
• Inpatient rehab programs
• Prescription medicines like naltrexone (Revia, Vivitrol) and acamprosate (Campral)

Get more information on treatments for alcohol use disorder.

NASH is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis which is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It can cause liver scarring and lead to cirrhosis. While there is no medication to reverse the fatty buildup, controlling the conditions that may contribute to it can help stop the liver damage. In some cases, the liver damage has been known to reverse itself

You doctor may suggest vitamin E or pioglitazone to help. Vitamin E  alone is often perscribed for people who have NASH and don’t have diabetes or cirrhosis.

Hepatitis B and C viruses cause liver damage that can lead to cirrhosis. Treatments for these diseases can help prevent liver damage. For hepatitis C, there are now antiviral treatments that lead to a cure in the vast majority of people.

Options include:

• Antiviral drugs. These attack the hepatitis virus. Which drug you get depends on the type of hepatitis you have. The most common side effects from these medicines are weakness, headache, nausea, and sleep problems.
• Interferon (interferon alpha 2b, pegylated interferon). This helps your immune system fight off the hepatitis virus. Side effects can include trouble breathing, dizziness, weight changes, and depression. Interferon is not used often to treat hepatitis C since it can be cured with antiviral medications.

Learn more about the different treatment options for hepatitis C.

This is a buildup of fat that damages the liver. You can get it if you’re overweight or obese. The way to combat this cause of liver damage is to lose weight with diet and exercise. With any liver disease, it is important to not drink alcohol and, in some cases, avoid taking vitamin E. Find out how you can reverse or control non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

In both of these diseases, your body’s natural defense system (immune system) attacks and damages your liver. Primary biliary cirrhosis destroys the bile duct — the tube that carries the digestive fluid (bile) from the liver to the gallbladder and intestine.

Doctors treat autoimmune hepatitis with steroid drugs and other medicines that stop the immune system from attacking the liver. Side effects may include weight gain, diabetes, weak bones, and high blood pressure.

The main treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis is to slow liver damage with the drug ursodiol (Actigall, Urso). Ursodiol can cause side effects like diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, and back pain. Know more about the treatment options for primary biliary cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis damage can prevent your liver from doing important jobs like removing toxins from your body and helping you digest foods. It can lead to problems like these:

• Portal hypertension. Scars in the liver block blood flow through the portal vein. This is the main blood vessel to the liver. This backup of blood increases pressure in the portal vein, as well as in the system of veins that connect to it. Increased blood pressure makes these vessels swell up. High blood pressure drugs called beta-blockers lower pressure in the portal vein and other blood vessels so they don’t swell to the point of breaking.
• Varices. These are swollen blood vessels caused by blocked blood flow. They’re usually found in the esophagus and stomach. They can stretch so much that they eventually break open and bleed. Your doctor can tie a special rubber band around the varices to stop the bleeding. This procedure is called band ligation. A surgery called TIPS is sometimes needed to “shunt” — meaning redirect — the blood flow.
• Fluid buildup. Increased pressure in the portal vein and reduced liver function can cause fluid to build up in your belly. This is called ascites. Your doctor can prescribe medicines called diuretics to help your body get rid of the extra fluid. You might also need antibiotics to prevent bacteria from growing in it and causing an infection. Your doctor can do a procedure to remove fluid from your belly or relieve pressure in your portal vein.
• Liver cancer. Cirrhosis increases your risk for liver cancer. You’ll get blood tests or an ultrasound every 6 to 12 months to look for cancer. If you do get liver cancer, the main treatments are surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
• Hepatic encephalopathy. A heavily scarred liver can’t remove toxins from your body. These toxins can build up in your blood and damage your brain, leading to memory loss and trouble thinking. To prevent this complication, your doctor will give you medicines to lower the amount of toxins in your blood.

Cirrhosis can damage your liver to the point where it no longer works. This is called liver failure. A transplant means your damaged liver is replaced with a healthy one from a donor. You can wait on an organ transplant list for a deceased donor, or get part of a liver from a living friend or family member.

It can help you live longer, but it’s major surgery that comes with risks like bleeding and infection. After surgery, you’ll need to take medicines to prevent your body from rejecting the new organ. Because these drugs suppress your immune system, they can increase your risk for infection. Get more information on what you should know about liver transplantation.

To keep your liver as healthy as possible, make a few changes to your lifestyle:

• Eat a liver-friendly diet. Cirrhosis can rob your body of nutrients and weaken your muscles. To combat these effects, eat lots of healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, and lean protein from poultry or fish. Avoid oysters and other raw shellfish, because they contain bacteria that could cause an infection. Also, limit salt, which increases fluid buildup in your body.
• Get vaccinated. Cirrhosis and its treatments weaken your immune system and make it harder to fight off infections. Protect yourself by getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B, the flu, and pneumonia.
• Be careful when you take medicine. Cirrhosis damage makes it harder for your liver to process and remove medicines. Ask your doctor before you take any over-the-counter drug, including herbal remedies. Be very cautious about medicines that can cause liver damage, like acetaminophen (Tylenol).

Top Picks

Low Sodium Diet, Medication, Liver Transplant, Lifestyle Changes

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Alcohol Abuse Treatment
• NASH Treatment
• Hepatitis Treatments
• Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatments
• Treatments for Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
• Treatments for Cirrhosis Complications
• Liver Transplant
• How to Stay Healthy with Cirrhosis
• More

Cirrhosis isn’t curable, but it’s treatable. Doctors have two main goals in treating this disease: Stop the damage to your liver, and prevent complications.

Alcohol abuse, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease are some of the main causes. Your doctor will personalize your treatment based on what caused your cirrhosis, and the amount of liver damage you have.

Your liver breaks down and removes toxins from your body. Alcohol is a toxin. When you drink too much, your liver has to work extra hard to process it.

To protect your liver, you must stop drinking. That can be hard to do, especially if you’ve become dependent on alcohol. Ask your doctor about things you can try that may help you stop drinking, such as:

• 12-step and other support programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
• One-on-one counseling with a therapist
• Support groups to help you manage the factors that make you drink
• Inpatient rehab programs
• Prescription medicines like naltrexone (Revia, Vivitrol) and acamprosate (Campral)

Get more information on treatments for alcohol use disorder.

NASH is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis which is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It can cause liver scarring and lead to cirrhosis. While there is no medication to reverse the fatty buildup, controlling the conditions that may contribute to it can help stop the liver damage. In some cases, the liver damage has been known to reverse itself

You doctor may suggest vitamin E or pioglitazone to help. Vitamin E  alone is often perscribed for people who have NASH and don’t have diabetes or cirrhosis.

Hepatitis B and C viruses cause liver damage that can lead to cirrhosis. Treatments for these diseases can help prevent liver damage. For hepatitis C, there are now antiviral treatments that lead to a cure in the vast majority of people.

Options include:

• Antiviral drugs. These attack the hepatitis virus. Which drug you get depends on the type of hepatitis you have. The most common side effects from these medicines are weakness, headache, nausea, and sleep problems.
• Interferon (interferon alpha 2b, pegylated interferon). This helps your immune system fight off the hepatitis virus. Side effects can include trouble breathing, dizziness, weight changes, and depression. Interferon is not used often to treat hepatitis C since it can be cured with antiviral medications.

Learn more about the different treatment options for hepatitis C.

This is a buildup of fat that damages the liver. You can get it if you’re overweight or obese. The way to combat this cause of liver damage is to lose weight with diet and exercise. With any liver disease, it is important to not drink alcohol and, in some cases, avoid taking vitamin E. Find out how you can reverse or control non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

In both of these diseases, your body’s natural defense system (immune system) attacks and damages your liver. Primary biliary cirrhosis destroys the bile duct — the tube that carries the digestive fluid (bile) from the liver to the gallbladder and intestine.

Doctors treat autoimmune hepatitis with steroid drugs and other medicines that stop the immune system from attacking the liver. Side effects may include weight gain, diabetes, weak bones, and high blood pressure.

The main treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis is to slow liver damage with the drug ursodiol (Actigall, Urso). Ursodiol can cause side effects like diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, and back pain. Know more about the treatment options for primary biliary cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis damage can prevent your liver from doing important jobs like removing toxins from your body and helping you digest foods. It can lead to problems like these:

• Portal hypertension. Scars in the liver block blood flow through the portal vein. This is the main blood vessel to the liver. This backup of blood increases pressure in the portal vein, as well as in the system of veins that connect to it. Increased blood pressure makes these vessels swell up. High blood pressure drugs called beta-blockers lower pressure in the portal vein and other blood vessels so they don’t swell to the point of breaking.
• Varices. These are swollen blood vessels caused by blocked blood flow. They’re usually found in the esophagus and stomach. They can stretch so much that they eventually break open and bleed. Your doctor can tie a special rubber band around the varices to stop the bleeding. This procedure is called band ligation. A surgery called TIPS is sometimes needed to “shunt” — meaning redirect — the blood flow.
• Fluid buildup. Increased pressure in the portal vein and reduced liver function can cause fluid to build up in your belly. This is called ascites. Your doctor can prescribe medicines called diuretics to help your body get rid of the extra fluid. You might also need antibiotics to prevent bacteria from growing in it and causing an infection. Your doctor can do a procedure to remove fluid from your belly or relieve pressure in your portal vein.
• Liver cancer. Cirrhosis increases your risk for liver cancer. You’ll get blood tests or an ultrasound every 6 to 12 months to look for cancer. If you do get liver cancer, the main treatments are surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
• Hepatic encephalopathy. A heavily scarred liver can’t remove toxins from your body. These toxins can build up in your blood and damage your brain, leading to memory loss and trouble thinking. To prevent this complication, your doctor will give you medicines to lower the amount of toxins in your blood.

Cirrhosis can damage your liver to the point where it no longer works. This is called liver failure. A transplant means your damaged liver is replaced with a healthy one from a donor. You can wait on an organ transplant list for a deceased donor, or get part of a liver from a living friend or family member.

It can help you live longer, but it’s major surgery that comes with risks like bleeding and infection. After surgery, you’ll need to take medicines to prevent your body from rejecting the new organ. Because these drugs suppress your immune system, they can increase your risk for infection. Get more information on what you should know about liver transplantation.

To keep your liver as healthy as possible, make a few changes to your lifestyle:

• Eat a liver-friendly diet. Cirrhosis can rob your body of nutrients and weaken your muscles. To combat these effects, eat lots of healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, and lean protein from poultry or fish. Avoid oysters and other raw shellfish, because they contain bacteria that could cause an infection. Also, limit salt, which increases fluid buildup in your body.
• Get vaccinated. Cirrhosis and its treatments weaken your immune system and make it harder to fight off infections. Protect yourself by getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B, the flu, and pneumonia.
• Be careful when you take medicine. Cirrhosis damage makes it harder for your liver to process and remove medicines. Ask your doctor before you take any over-the-counter drug, including herbal remedies. Be very cautious about medicines that can cause liver damage, like acetaminophen (Tylenol).

Top Picks

Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Content

• 1 Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
  • 1.1 Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
    • 1.1.1 Symptoms of cirrhosis of the liver

    900 05 1.1.2 Diagnosis of cirrhosis liver

    • 1.1.3 Treatment of liver cirrhosis
  • 1. 2 Liver cirrhosis: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
    • 1.2.1 What is liver cirrhosis?
  • 1.3 What are the signs of liver cirrhosis?
  • 1.4 Risk factors for liver cirrhosis
  • 1.5 Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis
    • 1.5.1 History
    • 1.5.2 Clinical and laboratory investigations
    • 1.5.3 Instrumental examinations
  • 1.6 What are the treatments for liver cirrhosis
  • 1.7 Cirrhosis diet plan
    • 1.7.1 What to eat
    • 1.7.2 What to limit or avoid
  • 1.8 Preventing cirrhosis
  • 1.9 How to prevent the progression of liver cirrhosis
  • 1.10 Life after beating cirrhosis
  • 1.11 Can cirrhosis be cured?
  • 1.12 Related videos:
  • 1.13 Q&A:
    • • 1.13.0.1
      • 1.13.0.2
      • 1.13.0.3 treat cirrhosis of the liver?
      • 1.13.0.4
      • 1.13.0.5
      • 1.13.0.6 diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Find out how to recognize this dangerous disease and what treatments to use.

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic liver disease that develops gradually and can lead to complete damage to the liver, deterioration of quality of life and, ultimately, death. Symptoms of cirrhosis of the liver may manifest differently in each patient, but in the early stages of the disease they are not always noticeable and can take the form of fatigue, pain in the right hypochondrium, heartburn, etc.

        However, when the first manifestations of the disease appear, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. Doctors use various methods to diagnose cirrhosis of the liver, such as a physical examination, measurement of enzyme levels in the blood, ultrasound, and so on.

        Treatment of cirrhosis of the liver should be started as early as possible to prevent its development and keep the patient healthy. There are various treatments for cirrhosis of the liver, such as lifestyle changes, medications, procedures, and surgeries. When determining the optimal treatment for each patient, doctors consider the stage of the disease and other factors.

        Although cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease that often leads to complications, it is important to remember that early medical attention and proper treatment can prevent its development and allow you to return to a healthy lifestyle.

        Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

        Symptoms of cirrhosis of the liver

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease that leads to a gradual deterioration of liver function. Among the main symptoms of liver cirrhosis are:

        • An increase in the size of the abdomen and the emergence of the ability to tumour;
        • Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes;
        • Fatigue and weakness;
        • Decreased appetite and weight loss;
        • Abdominal pain and heartburn;
        • Increased bleeding and bruising.

        These symptoms may appear gradually, so early medical attention is very important for the successful treatment of cirrhosis.

        Diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver

        Diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver may require complex medical examinations. The main research methods used to diagnose liver cirrhosis are:

        1. Blood test for disease markers;
        2. Ultrasound of the liver and biliary tract;
        3. CT or MRI of the liver and abdomen;
        4. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy;
        5. Liver laparoscopy.

        These methods allow you to accurately establish the diagnosis, determine the stage of the disease and determine the possibility of surgery or treatment.

        Treatment of liver cirrhosis

        Treatment of liver cirrhosis is aimed at maintaining liver function at an optimal level, and at eliminating or alleviating the symptoms of the disease. The optimal way to treat cirrhosis of the liver is determined after diagnosis and evaluation of the patient’s condition. Depending on the degree of development of the disease, the patient may be prescribed conservative treatment or surgery.

        Treatment should include changes in diet and diet, treatment of comorbidities, and the use of special medications to protect liver function. If possible, liver transplantation can be performed – this is the only radical way to treat cirrhosis of the liver.

        Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

        What is cirrhosis of the liver?

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease in which the liver tissues are gradually destroyed and replaced by scar tissue, which leads to a violation of its functions.

        The causes of liver cirrhosis can be alcohol and drug poisoning, heredity, hepatitis viruses, etc. The presence of the disease can be determined using medical studies such as ultrasound, biopsy and other methods, which allows you to start treatment at an early stage and prevent possible complications.

        What signs indicate the presence of cirrhosis of the liver?

        Liver cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by impaired functioning of the liver. One of the main signs of cirrhosis is jaundice, which manifests itself externally – it will let you know about itself when the level of bilirubin in the blood reaches noticeable values.

        Often the first symptom of liver cirrhosis is pain in the right hypochondrium, which is especially aggravated after eating fatty foods or alcohol. Various disorders of vital organs may also occur, for example, dizziness, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, joint pain.

        Cirrhosis of the liver can lead to dysfunction of the digestive system: it becomes difficult for the patient to tolerate fatty, fried, spicy and salty foods, swelling of the legs and abdomen is formed. In some cases, it is possible to increase body temperature to critical values.

        • Chronic fatigue – with cirrhosis, a person always feels tired, which does not go away even after a long rest.
        • Discoloration of the skin – with cirrhosis, the skin becomes yellow or brownish-gray. It is also common for skin spots to appear, and nails and bones to become more brittle.
        • Fainting and dizziness – the brain is often affected by liver cirrhosis, which can lead to confusion, loss of consciousness or falling.

        Risk factors for cirrhosis of the liver

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease that can lead to impaired liver function and even death. There are a number of risk factors that can contribute to the onset of cirrhosis of the liver.

        • Alcohol dependence: Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most common causes of liver cirrhosis. The more alcohol a person consumes, the greater the risk of cirrhosis.
        • Viral infections: Viral infections such as hepatitis B, C and D can cause cirrhosis of the liver. They are transmitted through blood or sexual contact.
        • Fatty liver: Excessive accumulation of fat in the liver can lead to major problems, including cirrhosis. Fatty liver disease occurs with diabetes and overweight.
        • Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis can also lead to liver cirrhosis.

        These risk factors are just some of the possible causes of liver cirrhosis. They get worse when combined with other factors such as genetic factors, stress, and certain medications.

        Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis

        Anamnesis

        The first step in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis is the history taking. The doctor asks the patient questions about the presence of symptoms, such as pain in the right side, fatigue, jaundice. It is also worth asking about the patient’s medical history, including past surgeries and liver disease.

        Clinical and laboratory investigations

        When diagnosing cirrhosis of the liver, the doctor performs a physical examination, during which symptoms associated with liver disease are detected, such as an enlarged liver and spleen, and the presence of varicose veins in the abdomen. It is also necessary to undergo laboratory tests that allow you to determine the biochemical composition of the blood, the content of proteins and other substances that may indicate the presence of cirrhosis of the liver.

        Instrumental research

        To clarify the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, it is necessary to conduct instrumental studies. These can be various types of scans, such as MRI and CT scans, or analysis of a liver biopsy. These methods allow you to see changes in liver tissue and accurately establish the diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver.

        It is important to be diagnosed with liver cirrhosis at an early stage of the disease, as this allows you to start effective and timely treatment and avoid complications.

        What are the treatments for liver cirrhosis

        Treatment of liver cirrhosis depends on the stage of the disease and its causes.

        In the early stages of liver cirrhosis, lifestyle changes may help. It is recommended to stop drinking alcohol and nicotine, to eat a diet rich in proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins, and to undergo regular medical examinations. In some cases, antiviral drugs may be used to treat viral hepatitis.

        In severe cases of liver cirrhosis, liver transplantation may be necessary. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage cirrhosis and can completely cure the disease. However, transplantation requires the presence of a donor liver and highly qualified surgeons, which can significantly limit the possibilities of treatment.

        Diet plan for liver cirrhosis

        In liver cirrhosis, the main goal of nutrition is to reduce the load on the organ, reduce the accumulation of toxins and maintain a normal body weight. Frequent meals (5-6 times a day) in small portions are recommended.

        What to eat

        • Protein: lean meat, fish, eggs, low fat dairy products.
        • Carbohydrates: rice, porridge, wheat, couscous, vegetables, fruit, whole grain bread.
        • Fats: vegetable oils, nuts, seeds.

        What to limit or eliminate

        • Animal fats: fatty meat, butter.
        • Sugar and sweets: sugar, sweets, cakes, pastries.
        • Salt: limit the amount of salt in food.
        • Alcohol: Completely eliminate alcohol from the diet.

        Nutrition for cirrhosis of the liver must be made individually, taking into account the degree of progression of the disease and the patient’s condition. If you’re not sure which diet to choose, talk to your doctor or an experienced dietitian.

        Prevention of cirrhosis of the liver

        Prevention of cirrhosis of the liver requires proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. The first priority is to prevent the development of liver diseases.

        Stopping smoking and drinking alcohol, as well as the correct daily routine and sufficient rest, increase immunity, which helps the body cope with stress and diseases, including cirrhosis of the liver.

        • In addition, it is important to monitor metabolism and keep blood sugar levels normal. You can go in for sports and physical exercises, which increases the stability of the whole organism and helps to maintain a normal metabolism.
        • Regular medical examination and treatment of diseases in the initial stages also reduces the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver. If you have a hereditary predisposition or you suffer from chronic diseases, you should definitely visit a gastroenterologist and a neurologist.
        • Knowing about liver cirrhosis and its prevention helps to stay healthy. Special programs for the prevention of liver diseases have been developed, which are carried out in medical institutions. Such events provide an opportunity to receive up-to-date information and practical recommendations from professionals.

        Remember, in order to prevent liver cirrhosis, you need to pay attention to your diet, give up bad habits, exercise regularly, monitor your metabolism and regularly undergo medical examinations.

        How to prevent the progression of liver cirrhosis

        Proper nutrition. Animal fats, salt, alcohol, heavy and fatty proteins should be monitored. The diet should include more vegetables, fruits, greens, whole grains, plant-based proteins and dairy products.

        Stop smoking. Nicotine enhances liver cell destruction and supports inflammation. Therefore, to slow down the progression of liver cirrhosis, you need to reduce the amount of toxins that enter the body and forget about smoking.

        Treatment of the underlying disease. Liver cirrhosis most often occurs in association with other liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis. Correct and timely treatment of the underlying disease is one of the important points in the process of slowing down the progression of liver cirrhosis.

        Regular medical check-up. It is important to have regular check-ups and follow-up with a doctor to detect dangerous changes during their initial stage. Early detection of cirrhosis of the liver increases the chances of a full recovery and reduces the risk of possible complications.

        Avoid exposure to toxins. It is difficult to avoid exposure to toxic substances in our lives, but steps can be taken to reduce the exposure of the liver to toxins, such as using protective equipment when exposed to chemicals.

        Life after the victory over cirrhosis of the liver

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease that requires decisive and comprehensive treatment. However, even after the development of the disease has been stopped, the patient will have to change his life in order to maintain health and quality of life.

        One of the key points after the treatment of liver cirrhosis is nutrition. Patients are advised to follow a diet that excludes fatty, fried, canned, and smoked foods. It is important to include fresh vegetables and fruits, protein foods, cereals on the water, low-fat cheeses and dairy products in the diet.

        Physical activity is also an important part of recovery from liver cirrhosis. Of course, it is necessary to consult with specialists and set the optimal load level depending on the state of health and the nature of the disease.

        Regular medical examinations are an integral part of the patient’s life after the victory over cirrhosis. Experts recommend regular consultations with a gastroenterologist, ultrasound and MRI to monitor the condition of the liver and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.

        Despite the significant support of friends and relatives, psychological help may also be needed by the patient after the victory over cirrhosis of the liver. The treatment of this disease can be difficult, and the experiences and stress that arose during the illness can affect the patient’s emotional state. Feel free to contact a specialist.

        Having coped with difficulties and not stopping there, the patient, after defeating liver cirrhosis, can continue an active and eventful life.

        Can cirrhosis of the liver be cured?

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease that develops gradually, leading to irreversible changes in the liver tissue. Unfortunately, at the moment there is no direct method for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, which would guarantee the full restoration of the health of the organ.

        To determine the complex of treatment, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis and assess the degree of liver damage. Therapy may include medication, diet, management of complications, and management of causes that cause cirrhosis, such as alcoholism and viral infections.

        An important criterion for the success of treatment is the degree of decrease in the activity of the process and the possibility of maintaining the functionality of the liver. After the course of treatment, it is desirable to lead a healthy lifestyle, preventing new damage and complications of the disease.

        • Regular medical examinations
        • Quitting alcohol and nicotine
        • Proper nutrition and physical activity

        Disease activity may decrease to a complete cessation, but this requires patient discipline and medical supervision. Therefore, when confirming the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, at any of its stages, it is necessary to seek help from specialist doctors and strictly follow their recommendations.

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        Q&A:

        Can cirrhosis of the liver be completely cured?

        Cirrhosis of the liver is an irreversible disease and cannot be completely cured. However, with timely access to a doctor and compliance with certain rules, it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease and minimize its negative consequences. In some cases, liver transplantation may be recommended, which can improve quality of life and prolong life.

        Liver cirrhosis: symptoms, causes and treatment

        Facts in brief

        1. Liver cirrhosis refers to replacement of normal liver tissue with nonliving scar tissue . It is always associated with other liver diseases.
        2. The observations and advice of this article are based on the experience of the team. The most common causes of cirrhosis are hepatitis C, alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatitis B.
        3. Many people with cirrhosis of the liver have no symptoms in the early stages of the disease.
        4. Alcohol remains the second most common cause of liver cirrhosis after hepatitis C virus.

        Information for the newly diagnosed

        What is cirrhosis?

        Cirrhosis is the scarring of the liver – hard scar tissue replaces soft healthy tissue. It is caused by swelling and inflammation.

        As cirrhosis worsens, there will be less healthy tissue in the liver. If cirrhosis is left untreated, the liver will fail and not be able to work properly or not be able to work at all.

        What causes cirrhosis?

        Cirrhosis is caused by chronic (long-term) liver disease that damages liver tissue. It can take many years for liver damage to lead to cirrhosis.

        Chronic alcoholism
        Chronic alcoholism is one of the main causes of liver cirrhosis in the USA. Drinking too much alcohol can cause the liver to swell, which can lead to cirrhosis over time. The amount of alcohol that causes cirrhosis of the liver varies from person to person.

        Chronic viral hepatitis
        Chronic hepatitis C is another leading cause of cirrhosis in the United States. Hepatitis C causes the liver to swell, which can lead to cirrhosis over time. About one in four people with chronic hepatitis C develop cirrhosis of the liver. Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis D can also cause cirrhosis.

        Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
        Fat accumulation in the liver not caused by alcohol is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can lead to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can cause the liver to swell and lead to cirrhosis. People with NASH often have other health problems, including diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and poor eating habits.

        Bile duct disease
        Bile duct disease restricts or stops the flow of bile to the small intestine. Bile builds up in the liver, causing it to swell, which can lead to cirrhosis. Two common diseases of the bile ducts are primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.

        Genetic diseases
        Some genetic diseases can lead to liver cirrhosis. These diseases include Wilson’s disease, hemochromatosis, glycogen storage diseases, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and autoimmune hepatitis.

        What are the symptoms and complications of liver cirrhosis?

        There are usually no early symptoms of cirrhosis. Over time, cirrhosis can cause symptoms and complications:

        symptoms

        • Loss of appetite
        • Fatigue
        • Nausea
        • Weight Loss
        • Abdominal pain
        • Spider blood vessels
        • Severe itching

        Complications

        • Jaundice, yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes
        • Bruising and bleeding easily
        • Fluid accumulation and painful swelling of the legs (oedema) and abdomen (ascites)
        • Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), accumulation of toxins in the brain causing confusion and mental and physical complications.
        • Liver cancer

        How is cirrhosis diagnosed?

        Cirrhosis is diagnosed based on symptoms, blood tests, medical history, and physical examination. A liver biopsy may be needed to check which part of the liver is damaged. During a biopsy, a small piece of liver tissue is removed and examined in a laboratory, and additional imaging may be required.

        How is cirrhosis treated?

        Treatment options for cirrhosis depend on the cause and level of liver damage. Depending on the disease causing cirrhosis, medications or lifestyle changes may be used to treat it. The goals of treatment are to prevent further damage to the liver and reduce complications.

        When cirrhosis does not respond to treatment, the condition is known as end-stage liver disease or ESLD. ESLD includes a subgroup of patients with cirrhosis of the liver who have evidence of decompensation that is usually irreversible with treatment other than transplantation. Decompensation includes hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from varicose veins, kidney failure, ascites, lung problems. Decompensated liver disease allows these ESLD patients to be prioritized transplant list

        What is the best way to treat cirrhosis?

        If cirrhosis is properly treated, further damage to the liver can be prevented.

        • Maintain a healthy lifestyle (eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly)
        • Limit salt in your diet to prevent or reduce fluid accumulation.
        • Avoid raw shellfish
        • Stop drinking alcohol
        • Talk to your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you take.
        • Talk to your doctor about hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccinations.
        • Practicing safe sex
        • Use clean tattoo or piercing needles.
        • Do not share needles, razors, toothbrushes, or other personal items with other people.

        Questions to ask your doctor

        • How severe is cirrhosis? What stage am I at?
        • What is the main cause of my cirrhosis?
        • Will I need a liver biopsy?
        • Will I need a liver transplant ?
        • What lifestyle changes should I make?
        • Will I have routine tests and scans to check my risk of developing liver cancer?
        • Can we check my prescriptions and make sure I’m taking the right ones?

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