Should people treat sinus infection with antibiotics?

Doctors may prescribe antibiotics for a bacterial sinus infection, also called bacterial sinusitis. The type of treatment a person requires will vary depending on symptoms and infection severity.

When an individual has a sinus infection, fluids accumulate in the air-filled cavities in the face. Typically, these sinuses have a thin lining of mucus that collects dust, germs, and other particles from the air.

Tiny hair-like projections, called cilia, sweep the mucus and any particles trapped down the back of the throat into the stomach. However, in sinusitis, the mucus does not flow freely, and germs can multiply.

Sinusitis, also called rhinosinusitis, is one of the most common reasons people visit doctors in the United States. Almost 15% of the population experiences sinus infections each year, and it is one of the top conditions that doctors prescribe antibiotics for.

This article looks at antibiotics for a sinus infection, their benefits, and alternative treatment methods, including some natural remedies.

An individual does not always need antibiotics for a sinus infection. Many sinus infections improve without antibiotic treatment. In addition, because many sinus infections are viral in origin, antibiotics do not help in these cases and can cause unpleasant side effects.

Side effects can range from minor problems such as rashes to severe health issues, including antibiotic-resistant infections.

People should therefore discuss their symptoms with a doctor and find out the best treatment for them. Doctors will only recommend antibiotics when they suspect bacterial sinusitis.

Antibiotics are beneficial for bacterial sinusitis only. If an individual has a viral, fungal, or other sinus infection, antibiotics do not offer any benefits.

If a person has bacterial sinusitis, treatment with appropriate antibiotics can help resolve the infection. However, evidence shows that antibiotic therapy may not shorten symptom duration or lessen the likelihood of developing complications.

In fact, research shows that antibiotic treatment cures just 5–11% of people more quickly than if they receive no treatment. Many cases of bacterial sinusitis clear up by themselves within two weeks.

Doctors may recommend the following nonantibiotic treatments for sinusitis:

• Nasal decongestants: Over-the-counter nasal decongestant sprays can help relieve symptoms of stuffiness. Options include pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline. However, people should only use them for up to three days.
• Antihistamines: People with early stage allergic sinusitis may find these allergy medications helpful.
• Nasal corticosteroid sprays: These medications reduce inflammation and swelling in the sinuses. However, they are most effective in chronic and allergic sinusitis.
• Pain relievers: Using acetaminophen or ibuprofen may help if an individual experiences facial pain.

Individuals with sinus infections could find the following natural remedies helpful in relieving uncomfortable symptoms:

• Resting: Resting while the body fights infection helps speed recovery.
• Humidifying the air: Keep the air moist with a humidifier or cool air vaporizer.
• Nasal washing: Saline nasal rinses can help flush out allergens, germs, and mucous plugs from the sinuses. People can also use a neti pot with previously boiled and cooled water.
• Drinking fluids: Drinking plenty of water or fruit juice helps keep the mucous membranes moist and promotes proper drainage from the sinuses.
• Inhaling steam: This involves pouring boiled water into a large bowl and leaning over while inhaling the water vapor. Usually, the individual drapes a towel over the back of their head, creating a tent over the bowl to trap the steam. The moist, hot air helps ease sinus pain and drainage. People can enjoy a similar effect from a hot shower.
• Using a warm compress: Applying heat to the sinuses using a warm washcloth may help ease uncomfortable sinus pressure. Ensure the compress is not hot enough to harm the skin.
• Elevating the head while sleeping: This position allows the sinuses to drain more easily and reduces congestion.

People may experience the following symptoms of sinus infections:

• facial pain
• facial pressure
• runny nose
• blocked nose
• headache
• mucus at the back of the throat
• sore throat
• cough
• bad breath

A combination of environmental and other factors can cause sinus infections, including:

• viruses
• bacteria
• fungi
• allergens such as pollen
• irritants such as smoke and dust

Viruses are the most common cause of sinus infections, and around 90% of people with colds have some form of viral sinusitis.

Viral sinusitis is usually self-limiting. However, an individual should make an appointment with their doctor if they experience the following:

• worsening symptoms
• severe headaches or facial pain
• symptoms that do not improve after 10 days
• a fever lasting longer than 4 days
• any concerning symptoms

Additionally, people should seek medical attention if they have had multiple sinus infections in the past year.

A sinus infection causes fluids to accumulate in the air-filled cavities in the face, and mucus no longer flows freely. Viruses and bacteria can then multiply and cause uncomfortable symptoms. These include facial pain, a runny or stuffy nose, and a cough.

Sinus infections can also occur due to irritants, allergens, and fungi.

Individuals do not always need antibiotics for sinus infections and using them when unnecessary can lead to unpleasant side effects. However, if a doctor believes the cause is bacterial, they may prescribe them.

If a person has bacterial sinusitis, antibiotics can help. But it is important to note that most cases of bacterial sinusitis clear up without treatment within 2 weeks.

People can help ease symptoms by inhaling steam, keeping the surrounding air moist, using nasal decongestants, and taking over-the-counter pain-relieving medication.

Should people treat sinus infection with antibiotics?

Doctors may prescribe antibiotics for a bacterial sinus infection, also called bacterial sinusitis. The type of treatment a person requires will vary depending on symptoms and infection severity.

When an individual has a sinus infection, fluids accumulate in the air-filled cavities in the face. Typically, these sinuses have a thin lining of mucus that collects dust, germs, and other particles from the air.

Tiny hair-like projections, called cilia, sweep the mucus and any particles trapped down the back of the throat into the stomach. However, in sinusitis, the mucus does not flow freely, and germs can multiply.

Sinusitis, also called rhinosinusitis, is one of the most common reasons people visit doctors in the United States. Almost 15% of the population experiences sinus infections each year, and it is one of the top conditions that doctors prescribe antibiotics for.

This article looks at antibiotics for a sinus infection, their benefits, and alternative treatment methods, including some natural remedies.

An individual does not always need antibiotics for a sinus infection. Many sinus infections improve without antibiotic treatment. In addition, because many sinus infections are viral in origin, antibiotics do not help in these cases and can cause unpleasant side effects.

Side effects can range from minor problems such as rashes to severe health issues, including antibiotic-resistant infections.

People should therefore discuss their symptoms with a doctor and find out the best treatment for them. Doctors will only recommend antibiotics when they suspect bacterial sinusitis.

Antibiotics are beneficial for bacterial sinusitis only. If an individual has a viral, fungal, or other sinus infection, antibiotics do not offer any benefits.

If a person has bacterial sinusitis, treatment with appropriate antibiotics can help resolve the infection. However, evidence shows that antibiotic therapy may not shorten symptom duration or lessen the likelihood of developing complications.

In fact, research shows that antibiotic treatment cures just 5–11% of people more quickly than if they receive no treatment. Many cases of bacterial sinusitis clear up by themselves within two weeks.

Doctors may recommend the following nonantibiotic treatments for sinusitis:

• Nasal decongestants: Over-the-counter nasal decongestant sprays can help relieve symptoms of stuffiness. Options include pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline. However, people should only use them for up to three days.
• Antihistamines: People with early stage allergic sinusitis may find these allergy medications helpful.
• Nasal corticosteroid sprays: These medications reduce inflammation and swelling in the sinuses. However, they are most effective in chronic and allergic sinusitis.
• Pain relievers: Using acetaminophen or ibuprofen may help if an individual experiences facial pain.

Individuals with sinus infections could find the following natural remedies helpful in relieving uncomfortable symptoms:

• Resting: Resting while the body fights infection helps speed recovery.
• Humidifying the air: Keep the air moist with a humidifier or cool air vaporizer.
• Nasal washing: Saline nasal rinses can help flush out allergens, germs, and mucous plugs from the sinuses. People can also use a neti pot with previously boiled and cooled water.
• Drinking fluids: Drinking plenty of water or fruit juice helps keep the mucous membranes moist and promotes proper drainage from the sinuses.
• Inhaling steam: This involves pouring boiled water into a large bowl and leaning over while inhaling the water vapor. Usually, the individual drapes a towel over the back of their head, creating a tent over the bowl to trap the steam. The moist, hot air helps ease sinus pain and drainage. People can enjoy a similar effect from a hot shower.
• Using a warm compress: Applying heat to the sinuses using a warm washcloth may help ease uncomfortable sinus pressure. Ensure the compress is not hot enough to harm the skin.
• Elevating the head while sleeping: This position allows the sinuses to drain more easily and reduces congestion.

People may experience the following symptoms of sinus infections:

• facial pain
• facial pressure
• runny nose
• blocked nose
• headache
• mucus at the back of the throat
• sore throat
• cough
• bad breath

A combination of environmental and other factors can cause sinus infections, including:

• viruses
• bacteria
• fungi
• allergens such as pollen
• irritants such as smoke and dust

Viruses are the most common cause of sinus infections, and around 90% of people with colds have some form of viral sinusitis.

Viral sinusitis is usually self-limiting. However, an individual should make an appointment with their doctor if they experience the following:

• worsening symptoms
• severe headaches or facial pain
• symptoms that do not improve after 10 days
• a fever lasting longer than 4 days
• any concerning symptoms

Additionally, people should seek medical attention if they have had multiple sinus infections in the past year.

A sinus infection causes fluids to accumulate in the air-filled cavities in the face, and mucus no longer flows freely. Viruses and bacteria can then multiply and cause uncomfortable symptoms. These include facial pain, a runny or stuffy nose, and a cough.

Sinus infections can also occur due to irritants, allergens, and fungi.

Individuals do not always need antibiotics for sinus infections and using them when unnecessary can lead to unpleasant side effects. However, if a doctor believes the cause is bacterial, they may prescribe them.

If a person has bacterial sinusitis, antibiotics can help. But it is important to note that most cases of bacterial sinusitis clear up without treatment within 2 weeks.

People can help ease symptoms by inhaling steam, keeping the surrounding air moist, using nasal decongestants, and taking over-the-counter pain-relieving medication.

Clindamycin vaginal suppositories 100mg №3

Composition

1 suppository contains:

active substance: clindamycin phosphate in terms of clindamycin 100 mg,

excipients: semi-synthetic glycerides (such as Estarinum, Witepsol or Suppocir).

Dosage form

Vaginal suppositories

Description

White or white with a yellowish tinge, cylindrical suppositories.

There are no inclusions on the longitudinal section, the presence of an air and porous rod and a funnel-shaped recess is allowed.

Action

Antibiotic-lincosamide

Pharmacodynamics

Bacteriostatic antibiotic from the group of lincosamides, has a wide spectrum of action, binds to the 50S subunit of the ribosomal membrane and inhibits protein synthesis in the microbial cell. In relation to a number of gram-positive cocci, a bactericidal effect is possible. Active against Staphylococcus spp. (including Staphylococcus epidermidis producing and not producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp. (excluding Enterococcus faecalis ), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Mycoplasma spp. , anaerobic and microaerophilic Gram-positive cocci (including Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp .), Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Bacteroides spp. (including Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella melaninogenica ), Fusobacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp., eubacterium and Actinomyces israelii. Most strains of Clostridium perfringens are susceptible to clindamycin, but other Clostridium spp. (including Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tertium ) are resistant to its action, and therefore, in infections caused by Clostridium spp. , determination of the antibiogram is recommended. Cross-resistance exists between clindamycin and lincomycin.

Pharmacokinetics

After a single intravaginal administration of 100 mg of clindamycin, 4% of the administered dose is systemically absorbed.

The maximum plasma concentration is 20 ng/ml.

Indications for use

Bacterial vaginosis caused by microorganisms sensitive to clindamycin.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, pregnancy I trimester.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Clindamycin crosses the placenta into the circulatory system of the fetus. It is allocated with breast milk. Intravaginal use of clindamycin during pregnancy is possible only if the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. It is recommended to be careful when prescribing to lactating women (for the duration of treatment, stop breastfeeding).

Side effects

From the genitourinary system : cervicitis, vaginitis, vulvovaginal irritation.

From the side of hematopoiesis : rarely reversible leukopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia.

Allergic reactions: maculopapular rash, urticaria, itching.

With resorption, there is a possibility of developing systemic side effects , including, in rare cases, pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

Interaction

Enhances the effect of rifampicin, aminoglycosides – streptomycin, gentamicin, deepens myorelaxation caused by n-cholinergic blockers.

Incompatible with erythromycin, ampicillin, diphenylhydantoin, barbiturates, aminophylline, calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate.

Dosage and administration

Intravaginally.

Before use, one suppository is released from the contour packaging, after cutting the film along the contour of the suppository, it is inserted, if possible, deep into the vagina, in the supine position.

One suppository 1 time per day, just before going to bed for 3-7 days in a row.

Overdose

Due to the low absorption of the drug, overdose is unlikely.

Special instructions

Vaginal suppositories are not recommended for use simultaneously with other intravaginal drugs.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

The drug does not affect the reaction rate of vehicle drivers and persons servicing installations that require special attention.

Product form

Vaginal suppositories 100 mg.

3 suppositories are placed in a blister pack made of PVC/PE film.

1 blisters, together with instructions for use, are placed in a cardboard box.

Pharmacy dispensing conditions

Without a prescription

Storage conditions

In a dry, dark place at a temperature of 15 to 25 C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life

3 years. Do not use after the expiration date.

Manufacturer and organization that accepts consumer complaints

PHARMAPRIM LLC

Metallic taste in the mouth: what to do? – Dental clinic of Dr. Alexander Yakimov | Dr.Yakimov

The taste of metal in the mouth causes considerable discomfort. Most often, a metallic taste in the mouth is the result of poor oral hygiene. There are many other reasons that affect the taste in the mouth. What does this symptom indicate? How to effectively get rid of this disease?

What does a metallic taste in the mouth mean?

Metallic taste in the mouth – a violation of taste sensations, significantly reducing the comfort of life. It has a very negative effect on the perception of sensations during meals. Often leads to decreased appetite.

This is an unpleasant symptom that can occur for various reasons. Its presence does not clearly indicate a specific nosological unit. However, a metallic taste in the mouth requires a search for the cause. As a rule, its removal brings quick relief and removes the unpleasant aftertaste.

The most common causes of metallic taste in the mouth due to health

Neglect of hygiene most often contributes to the formation of a specific taste in the mouth. Inadequate cleaning of the teeth and tongue contributes to the excessive accumulation of food debris, which becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. However, the discomfort may be related to health problems.

A metallic taste in the mouth sometimes requires a thorough diagnosis by specialists in various fields – a dentist, a therapist, a diabetologist, a neurologist. What can provoke it?

Liver disease

Liver disease is a fairly common cause of taste changes. Usually, an unpleasant metallic taste in the mouth accompanies liver diseases such as inflammation and failure. Normal liver function accompanied by a metallic taste may be due to an overdose of chromium. This element is part of many nutritional supplements that are gaining popularity in recent years.

Antibiotics and medicines taken

A metallic taste in the mouth after taking an antibiotic is quite common. An unpleasant signal may occur when taking drugs containing, including: tetracycline, clindamycin or amoxicillin.

However, the list of drugs that cause discomfort is much longer. Pay attention to the presence of a metallic taste in the mouth also when taking: beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, antihistamines, gallium nitrate, lorcainide hydrochloride.

Taste disorders with a significant reduction in desire to eat are also observed during anti-cancer treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy).

Oral infections

The development of infections involving oral tissues in many patients is affected by the presence of a temporary disturbance of taste. The main reason is the development of oral thrush. Then a metallic taste in the mouth occurs simultaneously with the presence of a white dense coating on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and tongue.

Unpleasant taste may also accompany upper respiratory tract infections such as colds, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, cough or runny nose.

Metallic taste in the mouth during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a special period in a woman’s life when her sensitivity to certain taste and olfactory stimuli may temporarily change. This is quite common, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. Occurs most often in the morning.

The mechanism responsible for this condition is not yet fully understood. However, it is indicated that the reason is a change in the concentration of estrogens in the body of a pregnant woman. As pregnancy progresses, the metallic taste in the mouth gradually disappears. In subsequent stages of pregnancy, it is often no longer noticed.

How to get rid of the metallic taste in the mouth?

The most effective way to treat metallic taste on the tongue is to eliminate the discomfort factor. This usually restores the maximum possible flavor of the food in a very short time. First of all, you should focus on improving the level of oral hygiene. If, despite the changes, the taste persists, it is necessary to consult a doctor and perform the prescribed tests in order to correctly establish the cause.

If discomfort is associated with an already diagnosed disease and treatment with selected drugs, this fact should be reported to the attending physician. Often, other medications can be used interchangeably to reduce discomfort.

Metallic taste in the mouth and oral hygiene

Regular removal of food debris and limiting the growth of microorganisms (especially bacteria and fungi) can be a sufficient way to quickly combat metallic taste in the mouth. Care should take into account increased care not only for the cleanliness of the surface of the teeth, but also the tongue (preferably using a special scraper) and cheeks.