Can dehydration cause hypoglycemia. Is hypoglycemia without diabetes common in adults and children. How can a parent tell if their child is hypoglycemic. What triggers reactive hypoglycemia. Can non-diabetic hypoglycemia be cured.

The Link Between Dehydration and Hypoglycemia

Dehydration and hypoglycemia are two distinct conditions that can sometimes be interconnected. While dehydration primarily affects the body’s fluid balance, it can indirectly influence blood sugar levels, potentially leading to hypoglycemia in certain situations.

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, disrupting the balance of electrolytes and potentially affecting various bodily functions. Hypoglycemia, on the other hand, is characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, which can have serious consequences if left untreated.

Does dehydration directly cause hypoglycemia?

Dehydration itself does not directly cause hypoglycemia. However, severe dehydration can lead to a cascade of physiological responses that may indirectly contribute to lower blood sugar levels. When the body is dehydrated, it may produce stress hormones like cortisol and epinephrine, which can affect glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

How does dehydration impact blood sugar regulation?

Dehydration can impact blood sugar regulation in several ways:

• Increased concentration of blood glucose due to reduced blood volume
• Altered insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by cells
• Impaired kidney function, affecting glucose reabsorption
• Hormonal changes that influence glucose metabolism

These factors can potentially lead to fluctuations in blood sugar levels, including hypoglycemia in some cases, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions or those taking certain medications.

Hypoglycemia in Non-Diabetic Individuals

While hypoglycemia is commonly associated with diabetes, it can occur in non-diabetic individuals as well. Understanding the prevalence and causes of hypoglycemia in adults and children without diabetes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Is hypoglycemia without diabetes common in adults?

Hypoglycemia without diabetes is relatively uncommon in adults. When it does occur, it often indicates an underlying pathology that requires investigation. In adults, hypoglycemia may be seen in patients fighting an active infection, as the body uses glucose to combat the infection. In severe cases, this can lead to a depletion of energy reserves and potentially result in acid buildup in the blood due to anaerobic metabolism.

How common is hypoglycemia in non-diabetic children?

In children, hypoglycemia without diabetes is more frequently observed compared to adults. It is often associated with genetic, neurohormonal, or adrenal axis problems. These cases typically require thorough investigation to identify underlying endocrine diseases or other metabolic disorders.

Recognizing Symptoms of Hypoglycemia

Identifying the symptoms of hypoglycemia is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of serious complications. The symptoms can vary in severity and may manifest differently in adults and children.

What are the common symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Common symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

• Marked lethargy or fatigue
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Shakiness or trembling
• Sweating
• Irritability or mood changes
• Hunger
• Headache
• Blurred vision
• In severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness

How can parents recognize hypoglycemia in children?

Parents should be vigilant for signs of hypoglycemia in their children, which may include:

• Listlessness or unusual fatigue
• Dryness of the skin
• Droopy eyes
• Dryness of the mouth
• Irritability or mood swings
• Difficulty concentrating or confusion
• In severe cases, seizure-like activity

If parents observe these symptoms, especially in combination or with increasing severity, they should seek medical attention promptly.

Causes of Hypoglycemia in Non-Diabetics

Understanding the various causes of hypoglycemia in non-diabetic individuals is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. The underlying factors can differ between adults and children.

What causes hypoglycemia in non-diabetic adults?

In non-diabetic adults, hypoglycemia can be caused by:

• Severe infections or septic shock
• Overtreatment with certain medications
• Hormonal imbalances
• Endocrine tumors
• Severe inflammation
• Severe trauma to the body
• Liver or kidney dysfunction
• Alcohol abuse
• Severe malnutrition or prolonged fasting

What are the common causes of hypoglycemia in non-diabetic children?

In non-diabetic children, hypoglycemia is often related to:

• Genetic disorders affecting glucose metabolism
• Hormonal imbalances
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Congenital metabolic disorders
• Glycogen storage diseases
• Certain medications
• Prolonged fasting or malnutrition

Diagnosis and Differentiation from Diabetes

Accurate diagnosis of hypoglycemia and differentiating it from diabetes is crucial for appropriate treatment. Healthcare providers use various methods to diagnose hypoglycemia and rule out diabetes.

How is hypoglycemia diagnosed?

Hypoglycemia is typically diagnosed through blood glucose testing. This can be done through:

• Fasting blood sugar tests
• Random blood sugar tests
• Continuous glucose monitoring
• Glucose tolerance tests

These tests are readily available and can often be performed as point-of-care tests in doctor’s offices or urgent care centers.

How is diabetes ruled out in cases of suspected hypoglycemia?

To rule out diabetes in cases of suspected hypoglycemia, healthcare providers may:

• Conduct hemoglobin A1C tests to assess long-term blood sugar control
• Perform insulin and C-peptide tests to evaluate insulin production
• Assess symptoms and medical history
• Conduct additional endocrine function tests

These tests help differentiate between hypoglycemia caused by diabetes and non-diabetic hypoglycemia, guiding appropriate treatment strategies.

Understanding Reactive Hypoglycemia

Reactive hypoglycemia is a specific type of hypoglycemia that occurs in response to certain triggers. Understanding its causes and manifestations is important for proper management.

What is reactive hypoglycemia?

Reactive hypoglycemia is a condition where blood sugar levels drop rapidly within a few hours after eating. It typically occurs as a response to high carbohydrate meals or in individuals with increased insulin sensitivity.

What triggers reactive hypoglycemia?

Reactive hypoglycemia can be triggered by:

• Consuming high-carbohydrate meals or sugary foods
• Excessive insulin production in response to meals
• Increased insulin sensitivity
• Certain gastrointestinal surgeries
• Prediabetes or early stages of type 2 diabetes
• Rare enzyme deficiencies

In some cases, reactive hypoglycemia may be a sign that the body is fighting an infection or dealing with a large burden of tumor cells that are consuming energy rapidly.

Treatment Options for Non-Diabetic Hypoglycemia

Managing non-diabetic hypoglycemia involves addressing the underlying cause and implementing strategies to maintain stable blood sugar levels. Treatment approaches can vary depending on the specific cause and severity of the condition.

What are the treatment options for non-diabetic hypoglycemia?

Treatment options for non-diabetic hypoglycemia may include:

• Dietary modifications to stabilize blood sugar levels
• Frequent, small meals throughout the day
• Balancing carbohydrate intake with protein and healthy fats
• Treating underlying infections or inflammatory conditions
• Adjusting medications that may be contributing to hypoglycemia
• Hormone replacement therapy for endocrine disorders
• Surgical intervention for tumors or other structural causes
• In some cases, medications to help regulate blood sugar

Can non-diabetic hypoglycemia be cured?

The potential for curing non-diabetic hypoglycemia depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, once the root cause is identified and addressed, hypoglycemic episodes can be significantly reduced or eliminated. However, some conditions may require ongoing management rather than a complete cure.

For successful treatment, a referral to an endocrine specialist is often crucial. These specialists can provide comprehensive evaluations and develop tailored treatment plans based on the specific cause of hypoglycemia.

Complications of Untreated Hypoglycemia

Untreated hypoglycemia can lead to serious complications affecting various organ systems. Understanding these potential consequences underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.

What happens if hypoglycemia is left untreated?

If hypoglycemia is left untreated, it can result in:

• Seizures and neurological damage
• Cardiac arrhythmias and cardiovascular complications
• Kidney failure
• Skin infections due to compromised immune function
• Coma or loss of consciousness
• In severe cases, death

Untreated hypoglycemia is analogous to a car running out of gasoline. As the body’s energy source depletes, organs begin to shut down, leading to progressive systemic failure.

How quickly can hypoglycemia become life-threatening?

The progression of hypoglycemia to life-threatening stages can vary depending on the individual and the severity of the blood sugar drop. In some cases, severe hypoglycemia can become life-threatening within hours if not addressed. This emphasizes the critical nature of recognizing symptoms early and seeking prompt medical attention.

Hypoglycemia in Children: Long-Term Outlook

The long-term outlook for children with hypoglycemia depends on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. In many cases, with proper management, children can overcome hypoglycemic episodes and lead healthy lives.

Can children outgrow hypoglycemia?

Whether a child can outgrow hypoglycemia depends on the specific cause:

• For transient causes like certain infections or medication effects, hypoglycemia may resolve once the underlying issue is addressed.
• In cases of genetic or congenital disorders, management may be lifelong, but symptoms can often be controlled effectively.
• Some children with certain forms of congenital hyperinsulinism may experience improvement as they age.

Once the reason for a child’s hypoglycemia is diagnosed, whether it’s an endocrine tumor, infection, or metabolic disorder, steps can be taken to counter the hypoglycemic episodes effectively. With proper treatment and management, many children can achieve stable blood sugar levels and normal growth and development.

What is the role of ongoing monitoring in pediatric hypoglycemia?

Ongoing monitoring plays a crucial role in managing pediatric hypoglycemia:

• Regular blood sugar checks to ensure stable levels
• Monitoring growth and development
• Periodic evaluations of underlying conditions
• Adjusting treatment plans as the child grows and their needs change
• Education for both the child and family on recognizing and managing hypoglycemic episodes

With proper medical care and vigilant monitoring, many children with hypoglycemia can lead normal, healthy lives and successfully manage their condition.

Hypoglycemia: Satjit Bhusri, MD, FACC: Cardiovascular Disease Specialist

–       Is hypoglycemia without diabetes common in adults and children?

Hypoglycemia without diabetes in is uncommon and is a marker of some underlying pathology that needs to be investigated. hypoglycemia otherwise known as low blood sugar in adults is very commonly seen in patients who are fighting and active infection they are using all of that energy that sugar also known as glucose to fight an infection sometimes that infection is so overwhelming that it consumes all of the energy in one’s body and can lead to acid buildup in the blood which is a sign of your body trying to make energy from it’s backup energy process known as anaerobic metabolism.

in children low blood sugar or hypoglycemia without diabetes is more often than not due to some type of genetic neural hormonal adrenal axis problem and really needs to be investigated for some underlying endocrine disease

·       What are the symptoms of each and which ones distinguish the two conditions?

so diabetes is excess sugar in the blood whereas hypoglycemia is insufficient sugar in the blood when there is extremes in blood sugar we see similar symptoms so these include marked lethargy or fatigue like symptoms this can lead to seizures this can lead to increase chance of infections and also we can see that in both conditions that there is an underlying cause tilting the balance of sugar in the blood to help supply the organs primarily the brain and the Heart

·       How can a parent tell if their child is hypoglycemic?

Look for signs of listlessness fatigue dryness of the skin droopy eyes dryness of the mouth and at its worst seizure like activity

·       When should someone see a doctor for hypoglycemic symptoms?

something to see a doctor for low blood sugar symptoms as soon as possible and your body is in a state of consumption what we call a catabolic state it is fighting something either by not making enough sugar or by something consuming all the sugar either way this is an abnormality that can lead very quickly to hospitalization

·       What can cause hypoglycemia in non-diabetics?

Hormonal imbalance and endocrine tumors are the common cause of hypoglycemia non-diabetics in the pediatric population hypoglycemia in non-diabetics in the adult population is almost always due to either over treatment of certain medicines that can cause hypoglycemia or an active catabolic State such as a severe infection or severe inflammation or severe trauma to the body

·       How is hypoglycemia diagnosed and diabetes ruled out?

both can be diagnosed by checking your fasting sugar level in your blood typically these can be done now as a point of care test at any doctor’s office or urgent Care walk-in Center and it is such a readily available test and cheap test that when one encounters patients with severe hypoglycemia or diabetes it is usually at its worst state

·       What triggers reactive hypoglycemia?

reactive hypoglycemia is classic for your body is fighting something and it needs energy and lots of it energy in the form of sugar this is commonly seen in severe infection such as septic shock or a very large burden of tumor that is consuming energy that should be used for other organs

·       What is a hypoglycemia attack?

this is a sudden quick drop of blood sugar without a compensatory response from your adrenal glands to to say hey let’s amp up our sugar in the blood and allow energy to help our body continue to move and our brain to function and are hard to pump

·       Can non-diabetic hypoglycemia be cured?

it can be cured but the first step is diagnosis depending on the age and other comorbidities one can really figure out why a patient is undergoing multiple bouts of hypoglycemia a referral to an endocrine specialist is of the utmost importance

·       What are treatment options for non-diabetic hypoglycemia?

the treatment options are number one treating the underlying cause whether it’s an infection over medication or cancer we must treat the underlying cause that is consuming all the sugar in the blood

·       What happens if hypoglycemia is untreated?

untreated it is like a car running out of gasoline your body will stop working and that’s what you will see happening Oregon’s will slowly start shutting down we see this happening in the brain with seizure like activity we see this happening in the heart with arrhythmias kidney failure dryness of the skin leading to skin infections

·       Can a child grow out of hypoglycemia?

once the reason for a child to have hypoglycemia is diagnosed whether it is an endocrine tumor or infection or epilepsy then steps can be taken to counter the hypoglycemia episodes and successfully have the children grow out of these bouts

·       Can non-diabetic hypoglycemia be prevented?

Standard screening prevention is all about screening screening by your pediatrician Sweden by your physician simple blood work very cheap inexpensive blood work a physical exam and a nice detailed history will lead the patient and physician to prevent hypoglycemia from occurring

·       What are some natural and medicinal methods for preventing hypoglycemia (both with and without diabetes?

preventing hypoglycemia naturally is all about preventing other comorbid conditions such as hypertension and high cholesterol and smoking and obesity so lifestyle modification is the best method no matter what for preventing hypoglycemia there are some medicines that can be used but those are infrequent again because hypoglycemia is typically due to some secondary cause

·       What are some foods to avoid if you have hypoglycemia?

I would not avoid any food if you have hypoglycemia I would actually look for foods that have a high glycemic index or high sugar and glucose levels that is immediate energy for the body to use so that one can keep the engine going

·       Can dehydration cause hypoglycemia

dehydration can absolutely cause hypoglycemia dehydration is not enough water hypoglycemia is not enough food so in severely malnourished people you see dehydration hypoglycemia linked together and treating both is treating them at the same time which is an intravenous infusion of sugar water.

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10 Surprising Causes of Blood Sugar Swings You Probably Didn’t Know

How sleep, dehydration, stress, and even the weather can affect your blood sugar levels.

By Johannah Sakimura, RD and K. Aleisha FettersMedically Reviewed by Kacy Church, MD

Reviewed: April 8, 2023

Medically Reviewed

How are you sweetening your coffee? What you add to your cup may affect your blood sugar levels.

iStock

Whether you were recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or have been living with the condition for several years, you know how fickle blood sugar levels can be, and how important it is that they stay controlled.

Proper blood sugar control is key for warding off potential diabetes complications, such as kidney disease, nerve damage, vision problems, stroke, and heart disease, according to MedlinePlus. And keeping your levels in check on a daily basis can help you stay energized, focused, and in a good mood, explains Lisa McDermott, RD, CDCES, a diabetes specialist with the Pittsburgh-based Allegheny Health Network.

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), eating right, regular exercise, proper medication (if necessary), and regular blood sugar checks can all help you keep your levels within a healthy range. The ADA recommends blood glucose stay within 80 to 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) before meals and below 180 mg/dL two hours after the start of a meal. Furthermore, the organization recommends getting an A1C test, which measures your average blood glucose over the past two to three months, at least twice per year if your levels are stable and you are meeting treatment goals.

RELATED: 5 Ways to Lower Your A1C

Learning how different habits can cause your blood sugar to fluctuate can help you better predict how your levels will swing. Both low and high blood sugar levels lead to serious health consequences. High blood sugar may cause nausea, vomiting, or shortness of breath, while low blood sugar may cause confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, seizures, unconsciousness, or even death, McDermott explains.

Managing the factors that can influence blood sugar can be a balancing act. Even if you keep careful tabs on what you eat and take your medication conscientiously, you will inevitably see fluctuations in your day-to-day levels. After all, some of the factors that affect your readings are out of your control.

But that doesn’t mean you can’t defend against those factors. Read on to learn some of the lesser-known factors that can cause blood sugar swings — and how to adjust accordingly.

2725

Dehydration Drives Up Blood Sugar

Stefania Pelfini/Getty Images

Can dehydration cause high blood sugar? Yes, and it turns out, the two are more related than you may realize: Falling short on fluids can lead to hyperglycemia, as the sugar in your circulation becomes more concentrated, McDermott explains. To make matters worse, high blood sugar can cause you to urinate more, resulting in even more dehydration.

People with diabetes should be especially vigilant about drinking plenty of water or other calorie-free beverages throughout the day to stay hydrated and healthy. Hydration goals vary depending on factors like sex and life stage. Plus, people who are highly active or have high body mass levels have greater fluid needs. If you find plain h3O hard to swallow, try garnishing your glass with a few citrus wedges, frozen berries, cucumber slices, or fresh mint leaves. Unsweetened iced herbal teas, such as raspberry, cherry, or peach varieties, are also wonderfully refreshing — and naturally caffeine-free, she says.

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2726

Artificial Sweeteners May Alter Blood Sugar Response

Lidia Camacho/Getty Images

Many people with diabetes reach for diet drinks as a substitute for regular soda or juice because they assume that sugar-free beverages won’t raise their blood sugar. But a review published in 2021 suggested that artificial sweeteners may not be completely neutral after all, and may contribute to impaired glucose homeostasis.

But the research isn’t definitive — most government and medical institutions maintain that most artificial sweeteners do not affect blood sugar. So what could be going on? According to the Mayo Clinic, some of the possible downsides to artificial sweeteners could be more present when consumed in large amounts. (This could be because some consider sugar-free food healthy, so they end up consuming excessive amounts or eating other carb-filled foods because they think the diet drink lets them “afford” it.) The Mayo Clinic also notes that some noncaloric sweeteners called sugar alcohols, which include mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol, can raise blood sugar levels and cause diarrhea, which can contribute to dehydration.

“If you drink a lot of diet soda then you might want to cut back and see if it has an impact on your blood glucose,” says Patty Bonsignore, RN, CDCES, a nurse educator at the Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston. Keep things sugar-free by turning to water or seltzer as opposed to regular soda or juice.

2727

Some Medications Meddle With Diabetes Control

Irina Marwan/Getty Images

The prescription and over-the-counter medications you take to treat health problems besides diabetes can monkey with blood sugar levels. One example is steroids (used to treat inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and asthma), which can cause blood sugar to shoot up dramatically, McDermott says. Birth control pills, certain antidepressants and antipsychotics, beta-2 stimulators, and some hormone therapies may also cause higher-than-normal readings, while other drugs, such as antibiotics, may lower blood sugar, according to TriHealth. “Even cough drops can affect blood sugar levels,” she says.

Make sure your prescribing physicians are aware of your diabetes before giving you a new Rx, and consult with your pharmacist before taking any new medications, prescription or not, McDermott advises. Ask whether these products will interfere with diabetes management or interact with any other meds you’re taking.

RELATED: Does Metformin Cause Weight Loss?

2728

Watch Out for the Infamous ‘Dawn Phenomenon’

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It’s not uncommon to wake up to a high blood sugar reading, even if your number was in the green zone when you went to bed. You may be experiencing the “dawn phenomenon,” which occurs when the body preps for waking up by releasing cortisol and other hormones, between 2 and 8 a.m., according to the Mayo Clinic.

These hormones make the body less sensitive to insulin, and in people with diabetes, can contribute to a morning blood sugar spike. Alternatively, you may start the day with a low glucose level if, for example, you’re taking too much insulin or medication at night or not eating enough in the evening, McDermott says. She notes that eating a small, protein-rich, low-carb snack at bedtime can sometimes help by shortening the fast (without spiking nighttime blood sugar).

If you see a trend in your morning readings — or they’re highly erratic from day to day — you’ll want to work with your doctor or diabetes educator to identify the problem so you can take steps to correct it, says Bonsignore.

2729

Women’s Menstrual Cycles Can Affect Blood Sugar

iStock

As if cramping, bloating, and mood swings weren’t bad enough, hormonal changes during a woman’s premenstrual phase can cause her blood sugars to get a little out of whack, according to the CDC.

While the effect varies from person to person, some women with diabetes become less sensitive to insulin during the week or so leading up to their period, which can translate into above-normal sugar levels, McDermott explains. Readings typically return to normal once or soon after menstruation begins. If you notice that your blood sugar consistently runs high the week before your period, it may help to trim the amount of carbohydrates you’re eating during that time or squeeze in some extra exercise, she says. (Just be sure to track your cycle and blood sugar levels closely to be certain this is the cause.)

If you’re taking insulin, speak with your doctor or diabetes educator about possibly adjusting your medication to compensate for hormonal changes.

RELATED: The Top Foods That Tend to Spike Blood Sugar

2730

Insufficient Sleep Can Throw Blood Sugar Out of Whack

Rebecca Nelson/Getty Images

Restless nights hurt more than your mood and energy — they may also spell trouble for your blood sugar. A review published in 2015 concluded that a lack of sleep may hinder glucose control and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.

“Sleep is restorative,” Bonsignore says. “Not getting enough sleep is a form of chronic stress on the body, and anytime you have added stress, you’re going to have higher blood sugar levels.”

Unfortunately, people with type 2 diabetes commonly report trouble sleeping, McDermott says. Those with a high body mass index are at particular risk for sleep apnea, in which breathing frequently starts and stops during sleep.

To improve your sleep quality and duration, work to get into a consistent sleep routine where you go to bed and wake at the same time every day. Your goal: Nab at least seven hours of sleep per night, per recommendations from the National Sleep Foundation. If you continue to have sleep troubles or suspect you have sleep apnea (for instance, maybe your partner complains about your snoring), reach out to a sleep medicine specialist for support, Bonsignore says.

2731

Extreme Weather Can Hinder Diabetes Management

Jennifer A Smith/Getty Images

Whether it’s swelteringly hot or bitterly cold outside, extreme temperatures can interfere with diabetes control. That’s because people with type 2 diabetes vary in the way their body responds to heat, Bonsignore says. Some may see their blood sugar creep up on really hot days because the unpleasant conditions put extra stress on their system; others, particularly those taking insulin, may experience the opposite effect, she says.

What’s more, high temperatures can affect the way the body uses insulin and potentially lead to blood sugar swings, according to the CDC. It also notes that chronically high blood sugar levels can affect the body’s ability to regulate its temperature while also causing the body to lose fluids more quickly. The latter can further stoke blood sugar levels by increasing the risk of dehydration. Try to stay indoors during the hottest part of the day, and monitor your blood sugar closely for changes when the mercury starts to rise, recommends Bonsignore.

RELATED: 8 Best Fruits for a Diabetes-Friendly Diet

2732

Traveling Can Disrupt Routines, and Thus Sugars

Stocksy

Skipping a few time zones during a long flight throws almost everyone off, but it’s an even bigger concern for people with diabetes. The time change can disrupt your medication schedule and cause unusual eating and sleeping habits, which interfere with blood sugar control, McDermott says.

Plus, when you’re on vacation or traveling, you may eat more, drink more alcohol, or be more active — all of which can cause blood sugar swings. She advises checking your blood sugar more frequently while traveling to catch any concerning trends before they become serious problems.

McDermott also recommends packing healthy carb-balanced snacks as well as a refillable water bottle to help you stay hydrated. Try to eat something every four hours throughout the day, even if it can’t be at the exact same times you usually eat. If you take insulin and you’re shifting time zones, be sure to work out a medication schedule with your diabetes care team before your trip so you don’t mistime any doses, she says.

2733

Too Much Caffeine Can Give Blood Sugar a Jolt

Stefania Pelfini/Getty Images

According to the Mayo Clinic, consuming up to 400 milligrams (mg) of caffeine per day is safe for most people, but in those with diabetes, the substance may affect how insulin behaves, which can lead to low or high blood sugar. Prior research suggests that consuming too much caffeine may cause blood sugar levels to spike in those who already have the disease. To make things even more confusing, a different study, published in 2015, suggested that caffeine intake can actually improve how the body manages blood sugar and reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications.

It may depend on the person. “Some people with type 2 diabetes can drink all of the caffeine they want, while others see blood sugar levels spike with just one cup of coffee,” McDermott says.

All you can do is monitor your blood glucose to observe how caffeine affects you. If you experience frequent blood sugar swings and are a heavy consumer of caffeinated beverages (which include diet soda as well as coffee and tea), consider cutting back to see if your glucose control improves, Bonsignore recommends.

RELATED: 10 Beverage Dos and Don’ts for Diabetes

2734

Blood Sugar Testing Mistakes May Cause Inaccurate Readings

Clementa Moreno/Getty Images

If you don’t remember to wash your hands before checking your blood sugar, you may experience a false alarm. Testing after handling food can produce an erroneously high reading because sugar residues on the skin can contaminate the blood sample, research has shown. If your blood sugar readings come back as higher than it really is, you could easily end up taking too much insulin, McDermott says. The result: dangerously low blood sugar levels.

Today’s blood sugar meters are highly sensitive because they use a very tiny draw of blood, which means it can be easy to throw off the glucose concentration in the sample. If you can’t get to a sink to give your hands a good scrub, you can improve testing accuracy by using the second drop of blood after wiping away the first.

Editorial Sources and Fact-Checking

• Long-Term Complications of Diabetes. MedlinePlus. August 12, 2022.
• Life Doesn’t End With Type 2 Diabetes. American Diabetes Association.
• The Big Picture: Checking Your Blood Glucose. American Diabetes Association.
• Understanding A1C. American Diabetes Association.
• Pang MD, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. The Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Body Weight Control and Glucose Homeostasis. Frontiers in Nutrition. January 7, 2021.
• Artificial Sweeteners: Any Effect on Blood Sugar? Mayo Clinic. January 14, 2023.
• Medications That Affect Blood Sugar. TriHealth.
• The Dawn Phenomenon: What Can You Do? Mayo Clinic. November 12, 2022.
• Diabetes and Women. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 20, 2022.
• Arora T, Taheri S. Sleep Optimization and Diabetes Control: A Review of the Literature. Diabetes Therapy. December 2015.
• Suni E. How Much Sleep Do We Really Need? Sleep Foundation. March 22, 2023.
• Managing Diabetes in the Heat. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 27, 2022.
• Caffeine: Does It Affect Blood Sugar? Mayo Clinic. April 12, 2022.
• Lane JD, Feinglos MN, Surwit RS. Caffeine Increases Ambulatory Glucose and Postprandial Responses in Coffee Drinkers With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. February 2008.
• Bhaktha G, Nayak BS, Mayya S, Shantaram M. Relationship of Caffeine With Adiponectin and Blood Sugar Levels in Subjects With and Without Diabetes. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. January 2015.
• Hortensius J, Slingerland RJ, Kleefstra N, et al. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: The Use of the First or the Second Drop of Blood. Diabetes Care. March 2011.

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what it is and how to avoid problems

Contents

• 1 Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus: symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention
  • 1. 1 Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus: what it is and how to avoid problems
    • 1.1.1 Concept hypoglycemia
  • 1.2 Symptoms of hypoglycemia
  • 1.3 Causes of hypoglycemia
  • 1.4 How to avoid hypoglycemia in diabetes
    • 1.4.1 1. Monitor blood glucose
    • 1.4.2 2. Follow your doctor’s advice
    • 1.4.3 3. Eat right
    • 1.4.4 4. Take your medications
    • 1.4.5 5. Be prepared for possible episodes of hypoglycemia

    9 0010

  • 1.5 Diet advice with diabetes
    • 1.5.1 1. Reduce consumption of simple carbohydrates
    • 1.5.2 2. Regular consumption of protein foods
    • 1.5.3 3. Give up fast carbohydrates
    • 1.5.4 4. Increase consumption of vegetables
    • 1.5.5 5. Keep a healthy diet
  • 1.6 Exercise for diabetes
    • 1.6.1 The importance of physical activity for people with diabetes
    • 1.6.2 Optimal types of exercise for people with diabetes 90 010
    • 1. 6. 3 Exercise Precautions for Diabetic Patients
    • 1.6.4 Benefits of Exercise for Diabetic Patients
  • 1.7 How to Control Blood Sugar
  • 1.8 Medicines for the treatment of hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus
    • 1.8.1 Glucagon
    • 1.8.2 Glucose
    • 1.8.3 Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors
    • 1.8.4 In sulin
    • 1.8.5 Oral drugs
    • 1.8.6 Adjustment of dosage of drugs
    • 1.8.7 How to choose a drug for hypoglycemia?
  • 1.9 Q&A:
    • • 1.9.0.1 What is hypoglycemia?
      • 1.9.0.2 What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
      • 1.9.0.3 How to avoid hypoglycemia?
      • 1.9.0.4 How to quickly increase glucose levels in hypoglycemia?
      • 1.9.0.5 Can hypoglycemia cause serious problems?
      • 1.9.0.6 Can I drive a car with hypoglycemia?
  • 1.10 What to do if symptoms of hypoglycemia occur?
  • 1.11 Related videos:

Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus – symptoms, causes and ways to prevent. Learn how to properly control your blood glucose levels and prevent possible complications.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. In this case, the hormone insulin cannot properly convert sugar from the blood into energy. A person with diabetes should monitor their sugar levels constantly to avoid hyper- or hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when blood sugar levels are low. It is worth noting that it is a serious complication of diabetes and can lead to serious consequences. In hypoglycemia, the brain does not receive enough energy, which can lead to seizures, personality changes, and in extreme cases, coma and death.

In order to avoid hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus, regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential. Periodic medication can help keep it at the right level. However, it is even more important to monitor diet and physical activity, which can significantly affect blood sugar levels. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, making a daily and nutritional plan, as well as regular monitoring of sugar levels are the main measures to prevent hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus.

Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus: what it is and how to avoid problems

Understanding hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a condition where blood glucose levels drop to very low levels. In people with diabetes, hypoglycemia can occur when overdosing on insulin or other medications, not eating enough, not being physically active, or being stressed.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can range from mild trembling and sweating to more severe symptoms such as dizziness, severe hunger pain and incoordination.

It is important to know how to prevent hypoglycemia, as blood glucose drops below a certain point can lead to convulsions, loss of consciousness and even coma.

• Check your blood glucose regularly and monitor the results.
• Follow the correct medication regimen and dosage.
• Exercise and diet moderately and regularly.
• In the event of symptoms of hypoglycemia, a sugary drink or food, such as fruit or juice containing rapidly digestible carbohydrates, should be promptly consumed.

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Symptoms of hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood glucose level is too low. Symptoms of hypoglycemia may appear when the glucose level drops below 3.9 mmol/L. This condition can occur in people with diabetes who take insulin or other antidiabetic medications.

The main symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

1. Anxiety and nervousness – a person may become more irritable and restless, even if he is usually calm.
2. Rapid Pulse and Sweating – Pulse may increase, heart rate may increase, and skin may sweat.
3. Dizziness and weakness – The person may feel weak and insecure, as well as experience dizziness and incoordination.
4. Hunger and shivering – The person may feel hungry and want to eat, as well as feel shivering and unable to control their movements.

How to avoid hypoglycemia:

Causes of hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is the level of sugar in the blood that drops below normal. Hypoglycemia can occur in people with diabetes if blood sugar drops too quickly or too low. This can be caused not only by an excess amount of insulin, but also by an insufficient amount of carbohydrates in the diet or excessive exercise.

Too much insulin can occur if a person gives themselves too much insulin than they need. This can happen if a person doses insulin incorrectly, doesn’t follow a schedule, or skips meals. Excess insulin can lead to a rapid drop in blood sugar levels and cause hypoglycemia.

Inadequate intake of carbohydrates can also cause hypoglycemia. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body, and if not enough carbohydrates are supplied to the body, the body can begin to break down glucose stores in the liver and muscles, which can lower blood sugar levels and cause hypoglycemia.

Excessive exercise can also lead to hypoglycemia. Physical exercise increases the body’s need for energy, but excessive exercise combined with insufficient carbohydrate intake can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar and hypoglycemia.

How to avoid hypoglycemia in diabetes

1. Monitor blood glucose levels

Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is one of the main ways to avoid hypoglycemia. Do not forget about the need to measure the level of glucose before and after meals, before and after exercise, as well as at other times of the day.

2. Follow your doctor’s advice

A diabetes care provider will prescribe an individual treatment plan based on the characteristics of the disease and the patient’s general condition. Following your doctor’s recommendations will help you avoid problems with hypoglycemia.

3. Eat Right

Good nutrition is a key factor in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetes. Snacking between meals should be avoided and food should be eaten in small portions. It is also worth abandoning foods containing a large amount of sugar and fast carbohydrates.

4. Take your medications

Take your medications exactly as directed by your doctor. In this case, you should not independently change the dosage or interrupt the course of treatment.

5. Be prepared for possible episodes of hypoglycemia

When planning physical activity or long trips, or when changing your usual diet, it is worthwhile to discuss with your doctor the possible risks and precautions for hypoglycemia. It is also necessary to carry suitable medications to quickly increase blood glucose levels.

Diabetes Diet Advice

1. Reduce intake of simple carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates found in sugary drinks and sweets cause blood sugar levels to spike. It is recommended to reduce their intake and replace them with complex carbohydrates such as vegetables, fruits, whole grain breads and cereals.

2. Regular consumption of protein foods

Protein foods take longer for the body to digest, which keeps blood sugar levels stable. It is recommended to regularly consume protein foods such as meat, fish, eggs, legumes.

3. Eliminate fast carbohydrates

Fast carbohydrates found in white breads, sweets, cookies cause a sharp rise in blood sugar levels and can lead to hypoglycemia. It is recommended to completely or partially abandon fast carbohydrates and replace them with complex carbohydrates.

4. Increase your consumption of vegetables

Vegetables contain nutrients and complex carbohydrates that are beneficial for the body in diabetes. It is recommended to increase your intake of vegetables and include them in your daily diet.

5. Eating regularly

Eating small meals regularly and often helps to maintain a stable blood sugar level. It is recommended to observe the mode of food intake, distribute it into several doses during the day.

Examples of foods recommended for diabetes Food category Examples of foods

Diabetes exercise

The importance of physical activity for patients with diabetes

Maintaining an active lifestyle is one of the main aspects of diabetes management. Regular physical exercise helps control blood glucose levels and improves the overall well-being of the patient. However, before starting training, you should consult with your doctor to assess your physical ability and set up an individual training program.

Optimal exercise for diabetic patients

For diabetic patients, it is recommended to choose physical activities that do not drastically increase blood glucose levels and do not damage the nervous system and blood vessels. This can include moderate exercise such as brisk walking, cycling, yoga, and swimming. It is important to keep in mind the regularity of training and the appropriateness of the training program for personal needs and abilities.

Exercise Precautions for Diabetic Patients

Patients with diabetes should ensure that their blood glucose levels are constantly monitored during exercise, for example by performing mandatory glucose tests before and after exercise. It is also important to have an ampoule of glucagon with you in order to quickly increase the glucose level in case of hypoglycemia. It is also necessary to monitor the body’s water balance and control the level of glucose in the blood after many days of training, because. they can lead to dehydration and hyperglycemia.

Benefits of exercise for patients with diabetes

Regular exercise for patients with diabetes improves heart function, reduces the likelihood of microangiopathies, and increases resistance to stress. They can also improve blood glucose control and lead to a reduction in the dose of insulin and other medications, as well as an improvement in the patient’s quality of life.

How to properly control your blood sugar levels

To control your blood sugar levels with diabetes, you need to measure it regularly with a glucometer. This will allow you to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and take action if the sugar level is out of range.

It is also important to watch your food intake and take the necessary doses of insulin or other drugs to lower your blood sugar. It is recommended to eat a diet rich in fiber and protein and avoid carbohydrates and foods with a high glycemic index.

In addition, it is necessary to monitor physical activity, as moderate exercise helps to reduce blood sugar levels. However, before starting sports, it is recommended to consult a doctor and adjust the dose of insulin or other drugs.

If blood sugar levels are out of range, immediate action should be taken to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. In case of hypoglycemia, it is recommended to consume fast-digesting carbohydrates such as fruits or sweets. In the case of hyperglycemia, it is necessary to take an additional dose of insulin or other drugs based on the doctor’s recommendations.

It is important to understand that blood sugar control is a key aspect of diabetes management to avoid serious complications and maintain good health.

Hypoglycemia medicines for diabetes

Glucagon

Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels. It can be used to treat hypoglycemia, when blood sugar drops below normal.

Glucose

Glucose is a fast-acting agent for raising blood glucose levels and treating hypoglycemia. It is often used as first aid for severe hypoglycemia.

Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors

Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors are drugs that slow down and reduce the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines. They may be helpful in preventing hypoglycemia, especially after meals.

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels. With an excess of insulin, blood sugar levels can drop to hypoglycemic values. But if blood sugar is too low, insulin can be used to raise it.

Oral drugs

Oral drugs for diabetes mellitus can be used to treat hypoglycemia. They work by lowering blood glucose levels. However, in some cases, they can cause hypoglycemia and lead to high blood sugar levels.

Adjustment of drug dosage

It is important to remember that if hypoglycemia occurs, the dose of the drug must be adapted. Sometimes, by lowering the dose of hypoglycemic drugs, hypoglycemia can be prevented.

How to choose a drug for hypoglycemia?

The choice of medication to treat hypoglycemia will depend on blood sugar levels, type of diabetes, and other individual factors. Most importantly, you need to communicate with your doctor and follow his recommendations.

Q&A:

What is hypoglycemia?

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when blood glucose levels drop below normal. In people with diabetes, this can occur as a result of overinjection of insulin or by increasing physical activity without increasing the dose of insulin.

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Symptoms of hypoglycemia may include: dizziness, tremors, sweating, fast pulse, hunger, irritability, slow speech, weakness, vision changes and convulsions. If you notice these or other symptoms, be sure to measure your blood glucose levels, and if the level is too low, take action.

How to avoid hypoglycemia?

To avoid hypoglycemia, follow your doctor’s recommendations for taking insulin, control your blood glucose, and consume a limited amount of fast carbohydrates such as fruit or glucose. It is also important to avoid too strenuous exercise.

How to quickly increase glucose levels in case of hypoglycemia?

The quickest way to raise your glucose levels is by eating a sweet or fast-carbohydrate food such as hard candy, juice, or glucose. If hypoglycemia is caused by taking an excessive dose of insulin, you should consult your doctor about the possibility of reducing the dose.

Can hypoglycemia cause serious problems?

Yes, if hypoglycemia is not detected and treated promptly, it can lead to convulsions, unconsciousness and, in extreme cases, coma. Therefore, it is important to monitor the level of glucose in the blood in a timely manner and take measures to maintain it at an optimal level.

Can I drive if I have hypoglycemia?

No, if you have symptoms of hypoglycemia such as dizziness or weakness, it is not recommended to drive. Better stop the car and grab some fast-acting carbs.

What should I do if I have symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Hypoglycemia is a dangerous condition when blood sugar drops below normal. If you have signs of hypoglycemia, you need to take certain actions:

• Take sugar immediately. If you don’t have a quick source of carbohydrates with you, you can use sugar, glucose, or honey. Medicines that raise blood sugar levels can be effective, but they should only be used on the advice of a doctor.
• Sit down and wait a few minutes. Wait until your blood sugar returns to normal. If you don’t feel better after 15 minutes, repeat the carbohydrate intake.
• Avoid physical activity. Physical activity can lower blood sugar, so do not exercise within a few hours of hypoglycemia.
• Monitor your blood sugar levels. If you have frequent episodes of hypoglycemia, you need to be especially careful with the intake of carbohydrates and the frequency of checking blood sugar levels.

If you feel extremely unwell or have fainted, seek medical attention immediately.

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Hyperglycemia – causes of the disease, which doctor treats, diagnosis, prevention and treatment

Description

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood is elevated. It is a characteristic symptom of diabetes, but can also occur for other reasons. Hyperglycemia occurs when the body is unable to efficiently utilize glucose due to inadequate secretion or misuse of insulin.

Brief description of symptoms of hyperglycemia:

1. Frequent and heavy urination (polyuria)
2. Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
3. Dry skin
4. Fatigue and weakness
5. Increased appetite
6. Delayed wound healing
7. Irritability and mood changes
8. Blurred vision
9. Elevated blood sugar on laboratory test (glycemia).

Hyperglycemia requires attention and management, as improper treatment or poor blood glucose control can lead to serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and even sugar coma. If your blood glucose level is elevated, it is recommended that you see your doctor for proper diagnosis, treatment, and recommendations for controlling hyperglycemia.

The dangers of hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia, or high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood, is a serious condition, especially for people with diabetes. It can have the following dangerous consequences:

1. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): In the absence or deficiency of insulin, the body begins to break down fats instead of glucose for energy. This leads to the formation of ketone bodies in the blood, which can cause DKA. DKA is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by an acid-dependent shift in the body that can lead to conscious loss, heart contraction, and ultimately death.

2. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HOGS): This condition occurs when blood glucose levels are very high and dehydration occurs. As a result, there is a significant loss of fluid through the kidneys. HOHS can lead to seizures, willful loss, organ failure, and death.

3. Long-term complications of diabetes: Persistently elevated blood glucose levels can cause vascular and organ damage in the body, which can eventually lead to serious complications of diabetes such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, vision problems, neuropathy, and limb amputations.

Physiological causes of hyperglycemia

Physiological causes of hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose levels, may be related to normal physiological processes in the body. Here are some of them:

1. Digestion: After a meal, blood glucose levels rise as foods, especially those rich in carbohydrates, break down into glucose, which enters the bloodstream. However, glucose levels quickly return to normal thanks to the action of insulin, a hormone that helps the body’s cells absorb glucose.

2. Physical activity: Physical activity requires additional energy, so the body produces more glucose to provide energy to the muscles. This can lead to a temporary increase in blood glucose levels, but levels usually return to normal quickly after physical activity is over.

3. Stress Response: In response to stress, the body can produce more glucose to provide extra energy to deal with the stress or threat. This can lead to a temporary increase in blood glucose levels.

4. Hormonal changes: Some hormonal changes, such as increased secretion of growth hormones or hormones that control blood sugar levels, can lead to elevated glucose levels.

Pathological causes of hyperglycemia

Pathological causes of hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose levels, are associated with various diseases and conditions that can interfere with the normal regulation of sugar levels in the body. Some of them include:

1. Diabetes:

   • Type 1 diabetes mellitus: This is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, insulin production is reduced or absent, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels.
   • Type 2 diabetes mellitus: This is a chronic disease in which the cells of the body become less sensitive to the action of insulin (insulin resistance) and the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to compensate. It also leads to elevated blood glucose levels.

2. Gestational diabetes: This is a type of diabetes that some women develop during pregnancy. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause insulin resistance, which leads to high blood glucose levels.

3. Other endocrine diseases:

   • Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland can cause an increase in blood glucose levels.
   • Cushing’s syndrome: This is a condition associated with excessive levels of cortisol (a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex), which can lead to hyperglycemia.

4. Pancreatic diseases:

   • Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can interfere with insulin production, resulting in hyperglycemia.
   • Pancreatic cancer: A malignant tumor in the pancreas can damage the cells responsible for producing insulin.

5. Drugs: Some drugs, such as glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatory drugs), diuretics (drugs that increase fluid excretion), some mental health drugs, and others, can cause blood glucose levels to rise.

Accompanying symptoms

Hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose levels, may be accompanied by a variety of symptoms. Some of them may include:

1. Increased thirst (polydipsia): High blood glucose leads to dehydration of the body, which causes intense thirst and frequent drinking.

2. Frequent urination (polyuria): High blood glucose levels can lead to frequent urination as the kidneys try to remove excess glucose from the body.

3. Increased Appetite: Hyperglycemia may cause increased hunger and increased appetite.

4. Fatigue and weakness: Lack of energy in the cells of the body due to insufficient use of glucose can cause fatigue and general weakness.

5. Irritability and mood: Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can affect the body’s neurochemical processes and cause mood changes such as irritability and unstable mood.

6. Skin dryness and itching: High blood glucose levels can lead to dehydration and dryness of the skin, as well as itching and irritation.

7. Delayed wound healing and infections: Hyperglycemia can slow down the healing process of wounds and increase the risk of infections, since elevated glucose levels can negatively affect the immune system.

What are the scenarios

Hyperglycemia can have several scenarios, depending on the cause, severity and duration of elevated blood glucose levels. Some possible scenarios in the case of hyperglycemia include:

1. Short-term hyperglycemia: In some cases, elevated blood glucose levels may be temporary and are caused by factors such as eating large amounts of high-carbohydrate foods, stress, physical activity, or use of determin.ientier.fr.php, usually glucose levels are restored to normal without any complications or long-term effects.

2. Persistent or uncontrolled hyperglycemia: If hyperglycemia remains uncontrolled or continues for a long time, it may have more serious consequences. Insufficient or inadequate treatment of hyperglycemia can lead to the development of complications associated with diabetes, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar syndrome, or chronic complications, including damage to the heart, blood vessels, nerves, and kidneys.

3. Emergent conditions: In some cases, hyperglycemia can lead to emergent conditions requiring immediate medical attention. For example, diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes in which the body begins to break down fats instead of glucose for energy, leading to ketone toxicosis. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome can develop with high glucose levels, leading to severe dehydration and possible complications of consciousness.

What diseases cause hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose levels, can occur with various diseases. Some of the more common conditions associated with hyperglycemia include:

1. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of hyperglycemia. In diabetes, blood glucose levels are not properly controlled due to insufficient insulin (type 1 diabetes) or ineffective use of insulin (type 2 diabetes). Hyperglycemia is a characteristic sign of diabetes mellitus.

2. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Some women develop hyperglycemia during pregnancy, which is called gestational diabetes. This is a temporary condition that may lead to an increased risk of developing diabetes in the future.

3. Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, known as pancreatitis, can interfere with pancreatic function, including insulin production, which can lead to hyperglycemia.

4. Hormonal disorders: Some hormonal disorders, such as hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypercortisolism (high cortisol), can cause hyperglycemia.

5. Acromegaly: Acromegaly is a rare disease caused by an excess release of growth hormone by the adult body. Elevated levels of growth hormone can cause hyperglycemia.

6. Infections: Some infectious diseases, especially severe and systemic ones, can cause temporary hyperglycemia.

7. Certain medicines: Some medicines, such as glucocorticoids, thiazide diuretics, adrenaline, and others, can cause an increase in blood glucose levels.

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Tests to be done

If hyperglycemia is suspected and testing is needed, the doctor may recommend the following tests:

1. Blood glucose test: This is the main test for diagnosing hyperglycemia. A blood test is performed on an empty stomach (determination of fasting glucose levels) and, possibly, after a meal (postprandial glucose).

2. Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): This test measures your average blood glucose levels over the last 2-3 months. HbA1c reflects long-term glycemic control and is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus and evaluate the effectiveness of its treatment.

3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): This is a test that measures blood glucose levels before and after taking a certain amount of glucose. OGTT evaluates the body’s ability to process glucose and detects glycemic disorders such as prediabetes or gestational diabetes.

4. Insulin test: Testing blood insulin levels can be helpful in determining the cause of hyperglycemia and assessing pancreatic function.

5. Other tests: The physician may also recommend additional tests to look for comorbidities or risk factors, such as thyroid, liver, and kidney function tests, lipid profile, antibody tests, etc.

How to remove

Hyperglycemia requires a comprehensive approach in the treatment and control of blood glucose levels. Here are some ways to relieve hyperglycemia:

1. Insulin therapy: People diagnosed with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes may need insulin therapy. Insulin is injected subcutaneously or using an insulin pump to normalize blood glucose levels.

2. Oral drugs: In some cases, in type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia can be controlled with oral drugs that help lower blood glucose levels. These may be drugs that improve insulin production, improve insulin utilization, or slow down the digestion of carbohydrates.

3. Proper nutrition: A balanced diet with moderate carbohydrate intake can help control blood glucose levels. It is recommended to eat low-glycemic foods rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains and proteins, as well as to limit the intake of simple carbohydrates and foods high in sugar.

4. Physical activity: Regular exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose levels. It is recommended that you engage in moderate physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, under the guidance of a physician.

5. Medication Compliance: If you have a chronic condition that causes hyperglycemia, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice and take your prescribed medications as prescribed.

Which doctor to contact

If hyperglycemia is suspected or diabetes mellitus is diagnosed, it is recommended to consult an endocrinologist or diabetologist. These are specialists who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of metabolic disorders, including hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. They have the experience and knowledge to determine the causes of hyperglycemia, conduct an appropriate diagnosis, and develop a treatment plan, including prescribing the necessary medications and recommending lifestyle changes.

In addition, depending on the accompanying symptoms and conditions, you may also need to consult with other specialists such as a cardiologist, nephrologist, ophthalmologist, etc. to assess the condition of organs at risk for hyperglycemia or diabetes.

If you experience symptoms of hyperglycemia, it is recommended that you contact your family doctor or primary care physician, who will conduct an initial assessment and refer you to the appropriate specialist for more detailed evaluation and treatment.