Is hypoglycemia without diabetes common in adults and children. What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia and how does it differ from diabetes. How can parents recognize hypoglycemia in their children. When should someone seek medical attention for hypoglycemic symptoms. What causes hypoglycemia in non-diabetics. How is hypoglycemia diagnosed and differentiated from diabetes. What triggers reactive hypoglycemia. What is a hypoglycemia attack. Can non-diabetic hypoglycemia be cured. What are the treatment options for non-diabetic hypoglycemia. What are the consequences of untreated hypoglycemia. Can children outgrow hypoglycemia.

Understanding Hypoglycemia in Non-Diabetics

Hypoglycemia, commonly known as low blood sugar, is often associated with diabetes. However, it can also occur in individuals without diabetes, albeit less frequently. This condition requires careful attention and investigation, as it may indicate underlying health issues.

Is hypoglycemia without diabetes common? In adults, it’s relatively uncommon and often signals an underlying pathology that requires investigation. Children may experience non-diabetic hypoglycemia more frequently, usually due to genetic, neurohormonal, or adrenal axis problems.

Causes of Hypoglycemia in Non-Diabetics

What causes hypoglycemia in people without diabetes? Several factors can contribute to this condition:

• Active infections: The body uses glucose to fight infections, sometimes leading to low blood sugar levels.
• Hormonal imbalances: Particularly in children, endocrine disorders can disrupt blood sugar regulation.
• Endocrine tumors: These can affect hormone production and glucose metabolism.
• Medication side effects: Certain medications may cause hypoglycemia as an adverse effect.
• Severe inflammation or trauma: These conditions can lead to a catabolic state, depleting glucose reserves.

Recognizing Symptoms of Hypoglycemia

How can one identify hypoglycemia? The symptoms can be similar to those of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in extreme cases. Common signs include:

• Marked lethargy or fatigue
• Seizures
• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Listlessness
• Dry skin and mouth
• Droopy eyes

In children, parents should be particularly vigilant for these symptoms. Any sign of seizure-like activity warrants immediate medical attention.

Diagnosing Hypoglycemia and Ruling Out Diabetes

How is hypoglycemia diagnosed, and how can diabetes be ruled out? The primary method involves checking fasting blood sugar levels. This test is readily available and can be performed at most doctor’s offices or urgent care centers.

A fasting glucose test can help differentiate between hypoglycemia and diabetes. In hypoglycemia, blood sugar levels will be abnormally low, while in diabetes, they will typically be elevated.

When to Seek Medical Attention

When should someone see a doctor for hypoglycemic symptoms? It’s crucial to seek medical attention as soon as possible if you experience symptoms of low blood sugar. Hypoglycemia indicates that your body is in a catabolic state, fighting something or unable to produce enough glucose. This condition can quickly lead to hospitalization if left untreated.

Understanding Reactive Hypoglycemia

What triggers reactive hypoglycemia? This condition occurs when the body is fighting something and requires a significant amount of energy. Common triggers include:

• Severe infections, such as septic shock
• Large tumor burden consuming energy
• Intense physical exertion
• Certain medications

Reactive hypoglycemia is characterized by a sudden drop in blood sugar levels, typically occurring within a few hours after a meal.

Hypoglycemia Attacks: What You Need to Know

What is a hypoglycemia attack? It’s a sudden, rapid drop in blood sugar without an adequate compensatory response from the adrenal glands. During an attack, the body fails to increase blood sugar levels to maintain proper organ function, particularly for the brain and heart.

Symptoms of a hypoglycemia attack may include:

• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Sweating
• Shakiness
• Rapid heartbeat
• Blurred vision

Treatment Options for Non-Diabetic Hypoglycemia

Can non-diabetic hypoglycemia be cured? While it can be managed effectively, the first step is accurate diagnosis. Depending on the patient’s age and other comorbidities, the underlying cause of hypoglycemia can often be identified and addressed.

What are the treatment options for non-diabetic hypoglycemia? The primary focus is on treating the underlying cause:

1. Addressing infections
2. Adjusting medications that may be causing hypoglycemia
3. Treating cancer if present
4. Managing hormonal imbalances
5. Dietary modifications
6. Regular blood sugar monitoring

A referral to an endocrine specialist is often crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment planning.

The Dangers of Untreated Hypoglycemia

What happens if hypoglycemia is left untreated? The consequences can be severe and potentially life-threatening. Untreated hypoglycemia can lead to:

• Organ failure: Similar to a car running out of gasoline, your body’s organs may begin to shut down.
• Brain damage: Prolonged low blood sugar can cause seizures and cognitive impairment.
• Cardiac issues: Arrhythmias and other heart problems may develop.
• Kidney failure: Lack of glucose can impair kidney function.
• Skin infections: Dry skin resulting from hypoglycemia can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.

These potential complications underscore the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Hypoglycemia in Children: Long-Term Outlook

Can a child grow out of hypoglycemia? The answer depends on the underlying cause. Once the reason for a child’s hypoglycemia is diagnosed – whether it’s an endocrine tumor, infection, or epilepsy – steps can be taken to manage the condition effectively.

With proper treatment and management, many children can see significant improvement in their hypoglycemic episodes. However, ongoing monitoring and adjustments to treatment plans may be necessary as the child grows and develops.

Managing Hypoglycemia in Children

Parents and caregivers play a crucial role in managing hypoglycemia in children. This includes:

• Regular blood sugar monitoring
• Maintaining a balanced diet with appropriate meal timing
• Ensuring the child always has access to quick-acting carbohydrates
• Working closely with healthcare providers to adjust treatment as needed
• Educating school staff and other caregivers about the child’s condition and emergency procedures

With proper management and medical supervision, many children with non-diabetic hypoglycemia can lead normal, healthy lives.

Preventing Hypoglycemic Episodes

While not all cases of non-diabetic hypoglycemia can be prevented, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk of episodes:

1. Eat regular, balanced meals: Avoid skipping meals or going long periods without eating.
2. Monitor blood sugar levels: For those prone to hypoglycemia, regular monitoring can help identify patterns and triggers.
3. Stay hydrated: Dehydration can sometimes exacerbate hypoglycemic symptoms.
4. Limit alcohol consumption: Alcohol can interfere with blood sugar regulation.
5. Exercise wisely: While physical activity is important for overall health, intense exercise can sometimes trigger hypoglycemia. Work with a healthcare provider to develop an appropriate exercise plan.
6. Manage stress: Stress hormones can affect blood sugar levels, so finding effective stress management techniques is important.

By implementing these strategies and working closely with healthcare providers, individuals with non-diabetic hypoglycemia can often effectively manage their condition and minimize the frequency and severity of episodes.

The Role of Diet in Managing Non-Diabetic Hypoglycemia

Dietary management plays a crucial role in controlling non-diabetic hypoglycemia. While specific dietary recommendations may vary based on individual needs, some general guidelines can help:

• Eat small, frequent meals: This can help maintain steady blood sugar levels throughout the day.
• Include protein and healthy fats with each meal: These nutrients can help slow the absorption of carbohydrates and prevent rapid blood sugar fluctuations.
• Choose complex carbohydrates: Whole grains, legumes, and vegetables provide a slower, more sustained release of glucose compared to simple sugars.
• Limit refined sugars and processed foods: These can cause rapid spikes and drops in blood sugar levels.
• Consider a low glycemic index diet: Foods with a low glycemic index can help maintain more stable blood sugar levels.

Working with a registered dietitian can be beneficial in developing a personalized meal plan that addresses individual needs and helps manage hypoglycemia effectively.

The Importance of Consistent Meal Timing

Maintaining a consistent meal schedule is particularly important for individuals prone to hypoglycemia. Eating at regular intervals helps prevent blood sugar levels from dropping too low between meals. This may involve:

• Planning meals and snacks at set times each day
• Carrying healthy snacks for times when meals might be delayed
• Avoiding long periods of fasting, especially overnight

Consistency in meal timing can significantly reduce the risk of hypoglycemic episodes and help maintain overall blood sugar stability.

The Connection Between Stress and Hypoglycemia

Stress can have a significant impact on blood sugar levels, potentially triggering or exacerbating hypoglycemic episodes. This connection occurs through several mechanisms:

1. Stress hormones: When stressed, the body releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can affect blood sugar regulation.
2. Changes in eating habits: Stress can lead to skipped meals or unhealthy food choices, disrupting blood sugar balance.
3. Altered sleep patterns: Stress often affects sleep, which in turn can impact blood sugar levels.
4. Increased energy expenditure: The body may use more energy when under stress, potentially leading to lower blood sugar levels.

Managing stress is therefore an important aspect of controlling non-diabetic hypoglycemia. Effective stress management techniques may include:

• Regular exercise
• Meditation or mindfulness practices
• Deep breathing exercises
• Adequate sleep
• Counseling or therapy, if needed

By addressing stress, individuals may find it easier to maintain stable blood sugar levels and reduce the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes.

The Importance of Regular Medical Check-ups

For individuals with non-diabetic hypoglycemia, regular medical check-ups are essential. These appointments allow healthcare providers to:

• Monitor the effectiveness of current treatment plans
• Adjust medications or dietary recommendations as needed
• Screen for potential complications or related health issues
• Provide education and support for ongoing management

The frequency of check-ups may vary depending on the individual’s specific condition and overall health status. Some patients may need more frequent monitoring, especially if they’re experiencing frequent hypoglycemic episodes or if their treatment plan is being adjusted.

The Role of Blood Sugar Monitoring

Regular blood sugar monitoring is often a key component of managing non-diabetic hypoglycemia. This may involve:

• Home blood glucose testing: Using a glucometer to check blood sugar levels at various times throughout the day
• Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM): For some patients, a CGM device may be recommended to provide real-time data on blood sugar trends
• Periodic laboratory tests: To assess overall blood sugar control and check for any related health issues

The specific monitoring regimen will be determined by the healthcare provider based on the individual’s needs and the severity of their condition.

Living with Non-Diabetic Hypoglycemia: Lifestyle Considerations

Managing non-diabetic hypoglycemia often requires certain lifestyle adjustments. These may include:

1. Planning ahead for meals and snacks, especially when traveling or during busy days
2. Educating family members, friends, and coworkers about the condition and how to respond in case of a hypoglycemic episode
3. Wearing a medical alert bracelet or carrying identification that indicates the individual has hypoglycemia
4. Being cautious with activities that could be dangerous if a hypoglycemic episode occurs, such as driving or operating heavy machinery
5. Maintaining open communication with healthcare providers about any changes in symptoms or concerns

While these adjustments may seem challenging at first, many individuals find that they become second nature over time. With proper management, most people with non-diabetic hypoglycemia can lead full, active lives.

The Importance of Support Systems

Having a strong support system can make a significant difference for individuals managing non-diabetic hypoglycemia. This support can come from various sources:

• Family and friends who understand the condition and can offer practical and emotional support
• Support groups, either in-person or online, where individuals can share experiences and advice
• Mental health professionals who can help address any emotional challenges related to managing a chronic condition
• Healthcare team, including doctors, nurses, and dietitians, who provide ongoing care and education

Encouraging open communication with these support systems can help individuals better manage their condition and improve their overall quality of life.

Hypoglycemia: Satjit Bhusri, MD, FACC: Cardiovascular Disease Specialist

–       Is hypoglycemia without diabetes common in adults and children?

Hypoglycemia without diabetes in is uncommon and is a marker of some underlying pathology that needs to be investigated. hypoglycemia otherwise known as low blood sugar in adults is very commonly seen in patients who are fighting and active infection they are using all of that energy that sugar also known as glucose to fight an infection sometimes that infection is so overwhelming that it consumes all of the energy in one’s body and can lead to acid buildup in the blood which is a sign of your body trying to make energy from it’s backup energy process known as anaerobic metabolism.

in children low blood sugar or hypoglycemia without diabetes is more often than not due to some type of genetic neural hormonal adrenal axis problem and really needs to be investigated for some underlying endocrine disease

·       What are the symptoms of each and which ones distinguish the two conditions?

so diabetes is excess sugar in the blood whereas hypoglycemia is insufficient sugar in the blood when there is extremes in blood sugar we see similar symptoms so these include marked lethargy or fatigue like symptoms this can lead to seizures this can lead to increase chance of infections and also we can see that in both conditions that there is an underlying cause tilting the balance of sugar in the blood to help supply the organs primarily the brain and the Heart

·       How can a parent tell if their child is hypoglycemic?

Look for signs of listlessness fatigue dryness of the skin droopy eyes dryness of the mouth and at its worst seizure like activity

·       When should someone see a doctor for hypoglycemic symptoms?

something to see a doctor for low blood sugar symptoms as soon as possible and your body is in a state of consumption what we call a catabolic state it is fighting something either by not making enough sugar or by something consuming all the sugar either way this is an abnormality that can lead very quickly to hospitalization

·       What can cause hypoglycemia in non-diabetics?

Hormonal imbalance and endocrine tumors are the common cause of hypoglycemia non-diabetics in the pediatric population hypoglycemia in non-diabetics in the adult population is almost always due to either over treatment of certain medicines that can cause hypoglycemia or an active catabolic State such as a severe infection or severe inflammation or severe trauma to the body

·       How is hypoglycemia diagnosed and diabetes ruled out?

both can be diagnosed by checking your fasting sugar level in your blood typically these can be done now as a point of care test at any doctor’s office or urgent Care walk-in Center and it is such a readily available test and cheap test that when one encounters patients with severe hypoglycemia or diabetes it is usually at its worst state

·       What triggers reactive hypoglycemia?

reactive hypoglycemia is classic for your body is fighting something and it needs energy and lots of it energy in the form of sugar this is commonly seen in severe infection such as septic shock or a very large burden of tumor that is consuming energy that should be used for other organs

·       What is a hypoglycemia attack?

this is a sudden quick drop of blood sugar without a compensatory response from your adrenal glands to to say hey let’s amp up our sugar in the blood and allow energy to help our body continue to move and our brain to function and are hard to pump

·       Can non-diabetic hypoglycemia be cured?

it can be cured but the first step is diagnosis depending on the age and other comorbidities one can really figure out why a patient is undergoing multiple bouts of hypoglycemia a referral to an endocrine specialist is of the utmost importance

·       What are treatment options for non-diabetic hypoglycemia?

the treatment options are number one treating the underlying cause whether it’s an infection over medication or cancer we must treat the underlying cause that is consuming all the sugar in the blood

·       What happens if hypoglycemia is untreated?

untreated it is like a car running out of gasoline your body will stop working and that’s what you will see happening Oregon’s will slowly start shutting down we see this happening in the brain with seizure like activity we see this happening in the heart with arrhythmias kidney failure dryness of the skin leading to skin infections

·       Can a child grow out of hypoglycemia?

once the reason for a child to have hypoglycemia is diagnosed whether it is an endocrine tumor or infection or epilepsy then steps can be taken to counter the hypoglycemia episodes and successfully have the children grow out of these bouts

·       Can non-diabetic hypoglycemia be prevented?

Standard screening prevention is all about screening screening by your pediatrician Sweden by your physician simple blood work very cheap inexpensive blood work a physical exam and a nice detailed history will lead the patient and physician to prevent hypoglycemia from occurring

·       What are some natural and medicinal methods for preventing hypoglycemia (both with and without diabetes?

preventing hypoglycemia naturally is all about preventing other comorbid conditions such as hypertension and high cholesterol and smoking and obesity so lifestyle modification is the best method no matter what for preventing hypoglycemia there are some medicines that can be used but those are infrequent again because hypoglycemia is typically due to some secondary cause

·       What are some foods to avoid if you have hypoglycemia?

I would not avoid any food if you have hypoglycemia I would actually look for foods that have a high glycemic index or high sugar and glucose levels that is immediate energy for the body to use so that one can keep the engine going

·       Can dehydration cause hypoglycemia

dehydration can absolutely cause hypoglycemia dehydration is not enough water hypoglycemia is not enough food so in severely malnourished people you see dehydration hypoglycemia linked together and treating both is treating them at the same time which is an intravenous infusion of sugar water.

Are You at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease?

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in the United States. It’s also preventable in a majority of cases. Addressing your risks for cardiovascular disease is not only smart, it could save your life.

How Sex Impacts Your Heart

Few things can get your heart rate up like sexual activity, and you’re concerned that the excitement may be a little too much. The reality of how sex can influence your heart health may surprise you.

5 Signs of Peripheral Vascular Disease

Did you know that nearly half of Americans have cardiovascular disease? Here, we explore one of the more common issues that involves the vascular side of the equation — peripheral vascular disease.

You Had a Stroke.

Now What?

Every 40 seconds in the United States, someone has a stroke. If this startling statistic includes you, here’s what we want you to know about life after a stroke, starting with the fact that there’s plenty of life after this event.

Ask These Questions at Your Next Cardiology Appointment

We want to make sure you get the most out of every visit with us here at Upper East Side Cardiology. While we make every attempt to be thorough, here are some questions you might want to ask us.

Heart Issues Younger Adults Should Know About

Heart disease, heart attack, stroke — surely these are things you don’t need to worry about for years to come. Whether you’re in your 30s or your 60s, heart health is one area to which you should always pay close attention.

10 Surprising Causes of Blood Sugar Swings You Probably Didn’t Know

How sleep, dehydration, stress, and even the weather can affect your blood sugar levels.

By Johannah Sakimura, RD and K. Aleisha FettersMedically Reviewed by Kacy Church, MD

Reviewed: April 8, 2023

Medically Reviewed

How are you sweetening your coffee? What you add to your cup may affect your blood sugar levels.

iStock

Whether you were recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or have been living with the condition for several years, you know how fickle blood sugar levels can be, and how important it is that they stay controlled.

Proper blood sugar control is key for warding off potential diabetes complications, such as kidney disease, nerve damage, vision problems, stroke, and heart disease, according to MedlinePlus. And keeping your levels in check on a daily basis can help you stay energized, focused, and in a good mood, explains Lisa McDermott, RD, CDCES, a diabetes specialist with the Pittsburgh-based Allegheny Health Network.

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), eating right, regular exercise, proper medication (if necessary), and regular blood sugar checks can all help you keep your levels within a healthy range. The ADA recommends blood glucose stay within 80 to 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) before meals and below 180 mg/dL two hours after the start of a meal. Furthermore, the organization recommends getting an A1C test, which measures your average blood glucose over the past two to three months, at least twice per year if your levels are stable and you are meeting treatment goals.

RELATED: 5 Ways to Lower Your A1C

Learning how different habits can cause your blood sugar to fluctuate can help you better predict how your levels will swing. Both low and high blood sugar levels lead to serious health consequences. High blood sugar may cause nausea, vomiting, or shortness of breath, while low blood sugar may cause confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, seizures, unconsciousness, or even death, McDermott explains.

Managing the factors that can influence blood sugar can be a balancing act. Even if you keep careful tabs on what you eat and take your medication conscientiously, you will inevitably see fluctuations in your day-to-day levels. After all, some of the factors that affect your readings are out of your control.

But that doesn’t mean you can’t defend against those factors. Read on to learn some of the lesser-known factors that can cause blood sugar swings — and how to adjust accordingly.

2725

Dehydration Drives Up Blood Sugar

Stefania Pelfini/Getty Images

Can dehydration cause high blood sugar? Yes, and it turns out, the two are more related than you may realize: Falling short on fluids can lead to hyperglycemia, as the sugar in your circulation becomes more concentrated, McDermott explains. To make matters worse, high blood sugar can cause you to urinate more, resulting in even more dehydration.

People with diabetes should be especially vigilant about drinking plenty of water or other calorie-free beverages throughout the day to stay hydrated and healthy. Hydration goals vary depending on factors like sex and life stage. Plus, people who are highly active or have high body mass levels have greater fluid needs. If you find plain h3O hard to swallow, try garnishing your glass with a few citrus wedges, frozen berries, cucumber slices, or fresh mint leaves. Unsweetened iced herbal teas, such as raspberry, cherry, or peach varieties, are also wonderfully refreshing — and naturally caffeine-free, she says.

RELATED: 13 Genius Hacks That Can Help You Drink More Water

2726

Artificial Sweeteners May Alter Blood Sugar Response

Lidia Camacho/Getty Images

Many people with diabetes reach for diet drinks as a substitute for regular soda or juice because they assume that sugar-free beverages won’t raise their blood sugar. But a review published in 2021 suggested that artificial sweeteners may not be completely neutral after all, and may contribute to impaired glucose homeostasis.

But the research isn’t definitive — most government and medical institutions maintain that most artificial sweeteners do not affect blood sugar. So what could be going on? According to the Mayo Clinic, some of the possible downsides to artificial sweeteners could be more present when consumed in large amounts. (This could be because some consider sugar-free food healthy, so they end up consuming excessive amounts or eating other carb-filled foods because they think the diet drink lets them “afford” it.) The Mayo Clinic also notes that some noncaloric sweeteners called sugar alcohols, which include mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol, can raise blood sugar levels and cause diarrhea, which can contribute to dehydration.

“If you drink a lot of diet soda then you might want to cut back and see if it has an impact on your blood glucose,” says Patty Bonsignore, RN, CDCES, a nurse educator at the Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston. Keep things sugar-free by turning to water or seltzer as opposed to regular soda or juice.

2727

Some Medications Meddle With Diabetes Control

Irina Marwan/Getty Images

The prescription and over-the-counter medications you take to treat health problems besides diabetes can monkey with blood sugar levels. One example is steroids (used to treat inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and asthma), which can cause blood sugar to shoot up dramatically, McDermott says. Birth control pills, certain antidepressants and antipsychotics, beta-2 stimulators, and some hormone therapies may also cause higher-than-normal readings, while other drugs, such as antibiotics, may lower blood sugar, according to TriHealth. “Even cough drops can affect blood sugar levels,” she says.

Make sure your prescribing physicians are aware of your diabetes before giving you a new Rx, and consult with your pharmacist before taking any new medications, prescription or not, McDermott advises. Ask whether these products will interfere with diabetes management or interact with any other meds you’re taking.

RELATED: Does Metformin Cause Weight Loss?

2728

Watch Out for the Infamous ‘Dawn Phenomenon’

Getty Images

It’s not uncommon to wake up to a high blood sugar reading, even if your number was in the green zone when you went to bed. You may be experiencing the “dawn phenomenon,” which occurs when the body preps for waking up by releasing cortisol and other hormones, between 2 and 8 a.m., according to the Mayo Clinic.

These hormones make the body less sensitive to insulin, and in people with diabetes, can contribute to a morning blood sugar spike. Alternatively, you may start the day with a low glucose level if, for example, you’re taking too much insulin or medication at night or not eating enough in the evening, McDermott says. She notes that eating a small, protein-rich, low-carb snack at bedtime can sometimes help by shortening the fast (without spiking nighttime blood sugar).

If you see a trend in your morning readings — or they’re highly erratic from day to day — you’ll want to work with your doctor or diabetes educator to identify the problem so you can take steps to correct it, says Bonsignore.

2729

Women’s Menstrual Cycles Can Affect Blood Sugar

iStock

As if cramping, bloating, and mood swings weren’t bad enough, hormonal changes during a woman’s premenstrual phase can cause her blood sugars to get a little out of whack, according to the CDC.

While the effect varies from person to person, some women with diabetes become less sensitive to insulin during the week or so leading up to their period, which can translate into above-normal sugar levels, McDermott explains. Readings typically return to normal once or soon after menstruation begins. If you notice that your blood sugar consistently runs high the week before your period, it may help to trim the amount of carbohydrates you’re eating during that time or squeeze in some extra exercise, she says. (Just be sure to track your cycle and blood sugar levels closely to be certain this is the cause.)

If you’re taking insulin, speak with your doctor or diabetes educator about possibly adjusting your medication to compensate for hormonal changes.

RELATED: The Top Foods That Tend to Spike Blood Sugar

2730

Insufficient Sleep Can Throw Blood Sugar Out of Whack

Rebecca Nelson/Getty Images

Restless nights hurt more than your mood and energy — they may also spell trouble for your blood sugar. A review published in 2015 concluded that a lack of sleep may hinder glucose control and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.

“Sleep is restorative,” Bonsignore says. “Not getting enough sleep is a form of chronic stress on the body, and anytime you have added stress, you’re going to have higher blood sugar levels.”

Unfortunately, people with type 2 diabetes commonly report trouble sleeping, McDermott says. Those with a high body mass index are at particular risk for sleep apnea, in which breathing frequently starts and stops during sleep.

To improve your sleep quality and duration, work to get into a consistent sleep routine where you go to bed and wake at the same time every day. Your goal: Nab at least seven hours of sleep per night, per recommendations from the National Sleep Foundation. If you continue to have sleep troubles or suspect you have sleep apnea (for instance, maybe your partner complains about your snoring), reach out to a sleep medicine specialist for support, Bonsignore says.

2731

Extreme Weather Can Hinder Diabetes Management

Jennifer A Smith/Getty Images

Whether it’s swelteringly hot or bitterly cold outside, extreme temperatures can interfere with diabetes control. That’s because people with type 2 diabetes vary in the way their body responds to heat, Bonsignore says. Some may see their blood sugar creep up on really hot days because the unpleasant conditions put extra stress on their system; others, particularly those taking insulin, may experience the opposite effect, she says.

What’s more, high temperatures can affect the way the body uses insulin and potentially lead to blood sugar swings, according to the CDC. It also notes that chronically high blood sugar levels can affect the body’s ability to regulate its temperature while also causing the body to lose fluids more quickly. The latter can further stoke blood sugar levels by increasing the risk of dehydration. Try to stay indoors during the hottest part of the day, and monitor your blood sugar closely for changes when the mercury starts to rise, recommends Bonsignore.

RELATED: 8 Best Fruits for a Diabetes-Friendly Diet

2732

Traveling Can Disrupt Routines, and Thus Sugars

Stocksy

Skipping a few time zones during a long flight throws almost everyone off, but it’s an even bigger concern for people with diabetes. The time change can disrupt your medication schedule and cause unusual eating and sleeping habits, which interfere with blood sugar control, McDermott says.

Plus, when you’re on vacation or traveling, you may eat more, drink more alcohol, or be more active — all of which can cause blood sugar swings. She advises checking your blood sugar more frequently while traveling to catch any concerning trends before they become serious problems.

McDermott also recommends packing healthy carb-balanced snacks as well as a refillable water bottle to help you stay hydrated. Try to eat something every four hours throughout the day, even if it can’t be at the exact same times you usually eat. If you take insulin and you’re shifting time zones, be sure to work out a medication schedule with your diabetes care team before your trip so you don’t mistime any doses, she says.

2733

Too Much Caffeine Can Give Blood Sugar a Jolt

Stefania Pelfini/Getty Images

According to the Mayo Clinic, consuming up to 400 milligrams (mg) of caffeine per day is safe for most people, but in those with diabetes, the substance may affect how insulin behaves, which can lead to low or high blood sugar. Prior research suggests that consuming too much caffeine may cause blood sugar levels to spike in those who already have the disease. To make things even more confusing, a different study, published in 2015, suggested that caffeine intake can actually improve how the body manages blood sugar and reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications.

It may depend on the person. “Some people with type 2 diabetes can drink all of the caffeine they want, while others see blood sugar levels spike with just one cup of coffee,” McDermott says.

All you can do is monitor your blood glucose to observe how caffeine affects you. If you experience frequent blood sugar swings and are a heavy consumer of caffeinated beverages (which include diet soda as well as coffee and tea), consider cutting back to see if your glucose control improves, Bonsignore recommends.

RELATED: 10 Beverage Dos and Don’ts for Diabetes

2734

Blood Sugar Testing Mistakes May Cause Inaccurate Readings

Clementa Moreno/Getty Images

If you don’t remember to wash your hands before checking your blood sugar, you may experience a false alarm. Testing after handling food can produce an erroneously high reading because sugar residues on the skin can contaminate the blood sample, research has shown. If your blood sugar readings come back as higher than it really is, you could easily end up taking too much insulin, McDermott says. The result: dangerously low blood sugar levels.

Today’s blood sugar meters are highly sensitive because they use a very tiny draw of blood, which means it can be easy to throw off the glucose concentration in the sample. If you can’t get to a sink to give your hands a good scrub, you can improve testing accuracy by using the second drop of blood after wiping away the first.

Editorial Sources and Fact-Checking

• Long-Term Complications of Diabetes. MedlinePlus. August 12, 2022.
• Life Doesn’t End With Type 2 Diabetes. American Diabetes Association.
• The Big Picture: Checking Your Blood Glucose. American Diabetes Association.
• Understanding A1C. American Diabetes Association.
• Pang MD, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. The Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Body Weight Control and Glucose Homeostasis. Frontiers in Nutrition. January 7, 2021.
• Artificial Sweeteners: Any Effect on Blood Sugar? Mayo Clinic. January 14, 2023.
• Medications That Affect Blood Sugar. TriHealth.
• The Dawn Phenomenon: What Can You Do? Mayo Clinic. November 12, 2022.
• Diabetes and Women. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 20, 2022.
• Arora T, Taheri S. Sleep Optimization and Diabetes Control: A Review of the Literature. Diabetes Therapy. December 2015.
• Suni E. How Much Sleep Do We Really Need? Sleep Foundation. March 22, 2023.
• Managing Diabetes in the Heat. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 27, 2022.
• Caffeine: Does It Affect Blood Sugar? Mayo Clinic. April 12, 2022.
• Lane JD, Feinglos MN, Surwit RS. Caffeine Increases Ambulatory Glucose and Postprandial Responses in Coffee Drinkers With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. February 2008.
• Bhaktha G, Nayak BS, Mayya S, Shantaram M. Relationship of Caffeine With Adiponectin and Blood Sugar Levels in Subjects With and Without Diabetes. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. January 2015.
• Hortensius J, Slingerland RJ, Kleefstra N, et al. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: The Use of the First or the Second Drop of Blood. Diabetes Care. March 2011.

Show Less

what it is and how to avoid problems

Contents

• 1 Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus: symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention
  • 1. 1 Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus: what it is and how to avoid problems
    • 1.1.1 Concept hypoglycemia
  • 1.2 Symptoms of hypoglycemia
  • 1.3 Causes of hypoglycemia
  • 1.4 How to avoid hypoglycemia in diabetes
    • 1.4.1 1. Monitor blood glucose
    • 1.4.2 2. Follow your doctor’s advice
    • 1.4.3 3. Eat right
    • 1.4.4 4. Take your medications
    • 1.4.5 5. Be prepared for possible episodes of hypoglycemia

    9 0010

  • 1.5 Diet advice with diabetes
    • 1.5.1 1. Reduce consumption of simple carbohydrates
    • 1.5.2 2. Regular consumption of protein foods
    • 1.5.3 3. Give up fast carbohydrates
    • 1.5.4 4. Increase consumption of vegetables
    • 1.5.5 5. Keep a healthy diet
  • 1.6 Exercise for diabetes
    • 1.6.1 The importance of physical activity for people with diabetes
    • 1.6.2 Optimal types of exercise for people with diabetes 90 010
    • 1. 6. 3 Exercise Precautions for Diabetic Patients
    • 1.6.4 Benefits of Exercise for Diabetic Patients
  • 1.7 How to Control Blood Sugar
  • 1.8 Medicines for the treatment of hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus
    • 1.8.1 Glucagon
    • 1.8.2 Glucose
    • 1.8.3 Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors
    • 1.8.4 In sulin
    • 1.8.5 Oral drugs
    • 1.8.6 Adjustment of dosage of drugs
    • 1.8.7 How to choose a drug for hypoglycemia?
  • 1.9 Q&A:
    • • 1.9.0.1 What is hypoglycemia?
      • 1.9.0.2 What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
      • 1.9.0.3 How to avoid hypoglycemia?
      • 1.9.0.4 How to quickly increase glucose levels in hypoglycemia?
      • 1.9.0.5 Can hypoglycemia cause serious problems?
      • 1.9.0.6 Can I drive a car with hypoglycemia?
  • 1.10 What to do if symptoms of hypoglycemia occur?
  • 1.11 Related videos:

Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus – symptoms, causes and ways to prevent. Learn how to properly control your blood glucose levels and prevent possible complications.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. In this case, the hormone insulin cannot properly convert sugar from the blood into energy. A person with diabetes should monitor their sugar levels constantly to avoid hyper- or hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when blood sugar levels are low. It is worth noting that it is a serious complication of diabetes and can lead to serious consequences. In hypoglycemia, the brain does not receive enough energy, which can lead to seizures, personality changes, and in extreme cases, coma and death.

In order to avoid hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus, regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential. Periodic medication can help keep it at the right level. However, it is even more important to monitor diet and physical activity, which can significantly affect blood sugar levels. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, making a daily and nutritional plan, as well as regular monitoring of sugar levels are the main measures to prevent hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus.

Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus: what it is and how to avoid problems

Understanding hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a condition where blood glucose levels drop to very low levels. In people with diabetes, hypoglycemia can occur when overdosing on insulin or other medications, not eating enough, not being physically active, or being stressed.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can range from mild trembling and sweating to more severe symptoms such as dizziness, severe hunger pain and incoordination.

It is important to know how to prevent hypoglycemia, as blood glucose drops below a certain point can lead to convulsions, loss of consciousness and even coma.

• Check your blood glucose regularly and monitor the results.
• Follow the correct medication regimen and dosage.
• Exercise and diet moderately and regularly.
• In the event of symptoms of hypoglycemia, a sugary drink or food, such as fruit or juice containing rapidly digestible carbohydrates, should be promptly consumed.

Once a month or more

0%

Every six months

0%

Once a year

0%

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood glucose level is too low. Symptoms of hypoglycemia may appear when the glucose level drops below 3.9 mmol/L. This condition can occur in people with diabetes who take insulin or other antidiabetic medications.

The main symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

1. Anxiety and nervousness – a person may become more irritable and restless, even if he is usually calm.
2. Rapid Pulse and Sweating – Pulse may increase, heart rate may increase, and skin may sweat.
3. Dizziness and weakness – The person may feel weak and insecure, as well as experience dizziness and incoordination.
4. Hunger and shivering – The person may feel hungry and want to eat, as well as feel shivering and unable to control their movements.

How to avoid hypoglycemia:

Causes of hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is the level of sugar in the blood that drops below normal. Hypoglycemia can occur in people with diabetes if blood sugar drops too quickly or too low. This can be caused not only by an excess amount of insulin, but also by an insufficient amount of carbohydrates in the diet or excessive exercise.

Too much insulin can occur if a person gives themselves too much insulin than they need. This can happen if a person doses insulin incorrectly, doesn’t follow a schedule, or skips meals. Excess insulin can lead to a rapid drop in blood sugar levels and cause hypoglycemia.

Inadequate intake of carbohydrates can also cause hypoglycemia. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body, and if not enough carbohydrates are supplied to the body, the body can begin to break down glucose stores in the liver and muscles, which can lower blood sugar levels and cause hypoglycemia.

Excessive exercise can also lead to hypoglycemia. Physical exercise increases the body’s need for energy, but excessive exercise combined with insufficient carbohydrate intake can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar and hypoglycemia.

How to avoid hypoglycemia in diabetes

1. Monitor blood glucose levels

Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is one of the main ways to avoid hypoglycemia. Do not forget about the need to measure the level of glucose before and after meals, before and after exercise, as well as at other times of the day.

2. Follow your doctor’s advice

A diabetes care provider will prescribe an individual treatment plan based on the characteristics of the disease and the patient’s general condition. Following your doctor’s recommendations will help you avoid problems with hypoglycemia.

3. Eat Right

Good nutrition is a key factor in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetes. Snacking between meals should be avoided and food should be eaten in small portions. It is also worth abandoning foods containing a large amount of sugar and fast carbohydrates.

4. Take your medications

Take your medications exactly as directed by your doctor. In this case, you should not independently change the dosage or interrupt the course of treatment.

5. Be prepared for possible episodes of hypoglycemia

When planning physical activity or long trips, or when changing your usual diet, it is worthwhile to discuss with your doctor the possible risks and precautions for hypoglycemia. It is also necessary to carry suitable medications to quickly increase blood glucose levels.

Diabetes Diet Advice

1. Reduce intake of simple carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates found in sugary drinks and sweets cause blood sugar levels to spike. It is recommended to reduce their intake and replace them with complex carbohydrates such as vegetables, fruits, whole grain breads and cereals.

2. Regular consumption of protein foods

Protein foods take longer for the body to digest, which keeps blood sugar levels stable. It is recommended to regularly consume protein foods such as meat, fish, eggs, legumes.

3. Eliminate fast carbohydrates

Fast carbohydrates found in white breads, sweets, cookies cause a sharp rise in blood sugar levels and can lead to hypoglycemia. It is recommended to completely or partially abandon fast carbohydrates and replace them with complex carbohydrates.

4. Increase your consumption of vegetables

Vegetables contain nutrients and complex carbohydrates that are beneficial for the body in diabetes. It is recommended to increase your intake of vegetables and include them in your daily diet.

5. Eating regularly

Eating small meals regularly and often helps to maintain a stable blood sugar level. It is recommended to observe the mode of food intake, distribute it into several doses during the day.

Examples of foods recommended for diabetes Food category Examples of foods

Diabetes exercise

The importance of physical activity for patients with diabetes

Maintaining an active lifestyle is one of the main aspects of diabetes management. Regular physical exercise helps control blood glucose levels and improves the overall well-being of the patient. However, before starting training, you should consult with your doctor to assess your physical ability and set up an individual training program.

Optimal exercise for diabetic patients

For diabetic patients, it is recommended to choose physical activities that do not drastically increase blood glucose levels and do not damage the nervous system and blood vessels. This can include moderate exercise such as brisk walking, cycling, yoga, and swimming. It is important to keep in mind the regularity of training and the appropriateness of the training program for personal needs and abilities.

Exercise Precautions for Diabetic Patients

Patients with diabetes should ensure that their blood glucose levels are constantly monitored during exercise, for example by performing mandatory glucose tests before and after exercise. It is also important to have an ampoule of glucagon with you in order to quickly increase the glucose level in case of hypoglycemia. It is also necessary to monitor the body’s water balance and control the level of glucose in the blood after many days of training, because. they can lead to dehydration and hyperglycemia.

Benefits of exercise for patients with diabetes

Regular exercise for patients with diabetes improves heart function, reduces the likelihood of microangiopathies, and increases resistance to stress. They can also improve blood glucose control and lead to a reduction in the dose of insulin and other medications, as well as an improvement in the patient’s quality of life.

How to properly control your blood sugar levels

To control your blood sugar levels with diabetes, you need to measure it regularly with a glucometer. This will allow you to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and take action if the sugar level is out of range.

It is also important to watch your food intake and take the necessary doses of insulin or other drugs to lower your blood sugar. It is recommended to eat a diet rich in fiber and protein and avoid carbohydrates and foods with a high glycemic index.

In addition, it is necessary to monitor physical activity, as moderate exercise helps to reduce blood sugar levels. However, before starting sports, it is recommended to consult a doctor and adjust the dose of insulin or other drugs.

If blood sugar levels are out of range, immediate action should be taken to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. In case of hypoglycemia, it is recommended to consume fast-digesting carbohydrates such as fruits or sweets. In the case of hyperglycemia, it is necessary to take an additional dose of insulin or other drugs based on the doctor’s recommendations.

It is important to understand that blood sugar control is a key aspect of diabetes management to avoid serious complications and maintain good health.

Hypoglycemia medicines for diabetes

Glucagon

Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels. It can be used to treat hypoglycemia, when blood sugar drops below normal.

Glucose

Glucose is a fast-acting agent for raising blood glucose levels and treating hypoglycemia. It is often used as first aid for severe hypoglycemia.

Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors

Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors are drugs that slow down and reduce the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines. They may be helpful in preventing hypoglycemia, especially after meals.

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels. With an excess of insulin, blood sugar levels can drop to hypoglycemic values. But if blood sugar is too low, insulin can be used to raise it.

Oral drugs

Oral drugs for diabetes mellitus can be used to treat hypoglycemia. They work by lowering blood glucose levels. However, in some cases, they can cause hypoglycemia and lead to high blood sugar levels.

Adjustment of drug dosage

It is important to remember that if hypoglycemia occurs, the dose of the drug must be adapted. Sometimes, by lowering the dose of hypoglycemic drugs, hypoglycemia can be prevented.

How to choose a drug for hypoglycemia?

The choice of medication to treat hypoglycemia will depend on blood sugar levels, type of diabetes, and other individual factors. Most importantly, you need to communicate with your doctor and follow his recommendations.

Q&A:

What is hypoglycemia?

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when blood glucose levels drop below normal. In people with diabetes, this can occur as a result of overinjection of insulin or by increasing physical activity without increasing the dose of insulin.

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Symptoms of hypoglycemia may include: dizziness, tremors, sweating, fast pulse, hunger, irritability, slow speech, weakness, vision changes and convulsions. If you notice these or other symptoms, be sure to measure your blood glucose levels, and if the level is too low, take action.

How to avoid hypoglycemia?

To avoid hypoglycemia, follow your doctor’s recommendations for taking insulin, control your blood glucose, and consume a limited amount of fast carbohydrates such as fruit or glucose. It is also important to avoid too strenuous exercise.

How to quickly increase glucose levels in case of hypoglycemia?

The quickest way to raise your glucose levels is by eating a sweet or fast-carbohydrate food such as hard candy, juice, or glucose. If hypoglycemia is caused by taking an excessive dose of insulin, you should consult your doctor about the possibility of reducing the dose.

Can hypoglycemia cause serious problems?

Yes, if hypoglycemia is not detected and treated promptly, it can lead to convulsions, unconsciousness and, in extreme cases, coma. Therefore, it is important to monitor the level of glucose in the blood in a timely manner and take measures to maintain it at an optimal level.

Can I drive if I have hypoglycemia?

No, if you have symptoms of hypoglycemia such as dizziness or weakness, it is not recommended to drive. Better stop the car and grab some fast-acting carbs.

What should I do if I have symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Hypoglycemia is a dangerous condition when blood sugar drops below normal. If you have signs of hypoglycemia, you need to take certain actions:

• Take sugar immediately. If you don’t have a quick source of carbohydrates with you, you can use sugar, glucose, or honey. Medicines that raise blood sugar levels can be effective, but they should only be used on the advice of a doctor.
• Sit down and wait a few minutes. Wait until your blood sugar returns to normal. If you don’t feel better after 15 minutes, repeat the carbohydrate intake.
• Avoid physical activity. Physical activity can lower blood sugar, so do not exercise within a few hours of hypoglycemia.
• Monitor your blood sugar levels. If you have frequent episodes of hypoglycemia, you need to be especially careful with the intake of carbohydrates and the frequency of checking blood sugar levels.

If you feel extremely unwell or have fainted, seek medical attention immediately.

Related videos:

How to recognize and treat hypoglycemia

Likbez

Health

September 28, 2019

Even going to the gym can lead to a deadly drop in blood sugar.

What is hypoglycemia

If you translate this word from ancient Greek literally, you get something like “unsweetened blood”. Actually, the ancient Greek Aesculapius – the discoverers of this condition – really determined hypoglycemia by taste.

Modern physicians give a more physiological formulation. Hypoglycemia is a condition in which the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood drops dramatically. And the liquid really becomes less sweet. But, of course, that’s not the problem.

Glucose is the main source of energy in our body. When it is in abundance, we feel cheerful and full of energy. But if the blood sugar level drops, the organs and tissues do not have enough nutrition. Sometimes catastrophic.

Why hypoglycemia is dangerous

If your glucose level falls below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), you need to respond immediately. Fortunately, most often it’s easy to help: to return sugar to normal, it’s enough to give a person food or drink containing a large amount of fast carbohydrates, which will turn into glucose in the body as quickly as possible – a couple of cubes of refined sugar, candy, a handful of raisins, sweet soda or juice .

But if you ignore the drop in glucose levels, serious health problems are possible – up to loss of consciousness, convulsions, damage to the heart, blood vessels, brain and the development of hypoglycemic coma.

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia

It is not difficult to recognize an abnormal condition: it has quite characteristic signs that occur one after another as glucose deficiency increases. First, the following symptoms appear:

• unexplained anxiety, irritability;
• feeling of hunger;
• slight nausea;
• palpitations;
• pale skin;
• sweating;
• slight dizziness;
• weakness;
• trembling fingers;
• feeling as if lips and tongue were going numb.

If the sugar level continues to fall, other signs will be added:

• loss of concentration;
• darkening of the eyes;
• confusion;
• and so on until convulsions and fainting.

When to seek immediate help

Call your doctor (physician or endocrinologist) or, depending on the severity of the situation, dial 103 for an ambulance if:

• you are alone and feel like you are about to pass out;
• symptoms of hypoglycemia increase and are not relieved by drinking juice or eating chocolate;
• a person with signs of glucose deficiency has lost consciousness before your eyes;
• you suffer from diabetes and experience increasing symptoms of low sugar when you do not have carbohydrate foods or necessary medicines at hand.

Why hypoglycemia occurs and what to do about it

Hypoglycemia is good (if I may say so) because it is relatively easy to reverse. But it’s even easier to avoid it altogether. To do this, you need to understand what causes this condition.

1. Taking certain medicines for diabetes

In this disease, the blood sugar level rises. This is due to a lack (type 1 diabetes) or body resistance (type 2 diabetes) to insulin, the “key” that lets glucose into cells. Since the organs and tissues cannot take sugar from the bloodstream, the blood becomes supersaturated with glucose. This condition is called hyperglycemia. It is no less, but rather more harmful than hypoglycemia.

To prevent hyperglycemia, people with diabetes take insulin or other drugs that lower blood sugar. Accidental overdose of these medications can lead to a dramatic drop in glucose levels.

What to do

Be careful about the doses of medicines you take. If attacks of hypoglycemia still recur, be sure to tell your endocrinologist watching you about them. He will adjust the dose or possibly prescribe an alternative drug.

2. Malnutrition

Blood glucose drops in people who regularly skip meals (such as breakfast), are on a strict diet, or have an eating disorder. It is especially dangerous to restrict yourself in food for those who suffer from diabetes. Immediately after the injection of insulin, you must definitely eat something – at least an apple. Insulin causes cells to literally suck glucose out of the blood, and if not replenished, you can bring yourself to an attack of hypoglycemia.

What to do

A calorie deficit does not necessarily lead to hypoglycemia. But if this happens, reconsider the diet. Try to eat small meals, but regularly – every few hours. And don’t forget to snack right after taking your insulin if you’re diabetic.

Also stay hydrated. Its symptoms (dizziness, nervousness, darkening of the eyes) are often similar to those of hypoglycemia.

3.

Exercise on an empty stomach

If you haven’t eaten for a long time, your blood sugar levels will be low. And vigorous exercise in the gym will force your body to use even more glucose.

What to do

If you notice the first symptoms of hypoglycemia, immediately reduce the load, for example, reduce the number of repetitions or stop the workout altogether. And remember for the future: to avoid a drop in sugar, it is important to eat one and a half to two hours before sports.

4. Excessive alcohol consumption

If you drink a lot of alcohol without snacking, your liver will be too busy detoxifying. This will prevent it from releasing glucose into the blood, which can lead to hypoglycemia.

What to do

Try to stop drinking. Or, limit your alcohol intake as much as possible.

5. Diseases of the internal organs

Regular episodes of hypoglycemia can be caused by:

• A tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma), which causes an overproduction of insulin in the body.